Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors: Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data

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Working Paper
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and
Employment Data
(Ms. Sonia Pant, Ms. Pratibha Sharma, Ms. Aarushi Gupta, Ms. Pooja Agrawal) Working Paper
1
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors: Insights
from GVA, Exports, and
Employment Data
(Ms. Sonia Pant, Ms. Pratibha Sharma, Ms. Aarushi Gupta, Ms. Pooja Agrawal)
2
1 This is a draft working paper, currently in progress and subject to further revisions. The analysis and recommendations are preliminary
and will be refined as the document evolves.
2 The authors are working in the Services Vertical of NITI Aayog. 1. Introduction�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1
2. Data and Methodology�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
3. Key Trends – World and India����������������������������������������������������������������������6
4. Strategy for Services – Multi-dimensional Analysis
����������������������������������������������������������������
24
5. Strategic Classification of Sectors and Way Forward�������������������������������26
6 Annexures�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������31
7. Bibliography��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46
Table of
Content Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 1
Services are a dominant economic activity across economies and continue to experience unprecedented
growth in many developing countries, including India. Services contribute around 67-70% of the global GDP
(worth ~USD 67 Trillion in 2022) and about 50% of the global workforce (with 75% contribution in high-
income countries). It will likely emerge as the fastest-growing sector by 2047 (expected to reach ~USD 100
Trillion by 2047). Likewise, in the case of India also, services are the most important contributor to India’s
economic growth, with a greater than 50% share in India’s GVA (worth ~USD1.4 Trillion, 2022-23) and
expected to rise to ~56% by 2047 (worth ~USD15-16 Trillion, 2047). About 32% of India’s workforce is
employed in the services sector. It is the largest recipient of FDI inflows into India. India is also the 7th largest
in the world in terms of service sector GDP and exports, contributing 4.3% to world services exports, up from
2% in 2005.
Conventionally, services, unlike manufacturing, were viewed as stagnant and productivity-resistant
(Baumol, 1967). However, with the advent of the ICT revolution, the features of manufacturing that were once
considered unique to the sector are increasingly shared by some service sectors. There is now a greater scope
for services firms to achieve efficiency gains through scale, labour-augmenting innovation, and backward or
forward linkages with other sectors.
Digital content has made services more storable and transferable; as a result, physical proximity required for
the simultaneous production and consumption of services no longer constrains the scaling up of many services-
related transactions. The ICT revolution has reduced the trade costs in services, and in many sectors, they
are comparable to manufacturing. Capital accumulation and adoption of technology and labour-augmenting
innovation are evident in services such as telecommunications, IT and ITeS, and transportation. For example,
data centers require a high level of fixed assets, and the costs decline rapidly with scale. Network or intermediate
services such as transportation, telecommunications, finance, and business services are increasingly used as
intermediate inputs in the production and export of goods. The rising share of services embodied in goods
export can be understood from the much higher share of services in gross exports in value-added terms (~50%)
as compared to conventional BoP statistics (~20-25%).
Many studies question the job-creation prospects of services as a long-term development strategy. The
extent to which the manufacturing sector combined scale and innovation with employment for low-skilled
workers was central to its potential advantages for development. However, emphasis on human capital might
constrain the ability of services to absorb surplus from agriculture. This raises concerns that services might
not deliver the twin gains of productivity growth and job creation together. Given the changing nature of
international competition and the changing sources of comparative advantage, we must also take a dynamic
view of the job creation prospects of the manufacturing sector. Established centers of manufacturing,
characterized by dense ecosystems of suppliers and rising industrial automation, are raising the bar in terms
of what it will take for hitherto less-industrialized countries to enter GVCs. Therefore, developing countries
stand to lose considerable potential for generating low-skilled manufacturing jobs as high-income countries
adopt new technologies and keep more manufacturing within their own borders. If the only way developing
countries can compete in global manufacturing is by adopting quality-enhancing and labour-saving processes,
then it will eliminate potential jobs. The declining share of manufacturing in global employment means that the
sector’s growth will not suffice to meet the need for new jobs in developing countries. In a nutshell, the large-
scale job creation potential of manufacturing, especially for low-skilled labour, is slowly eroding.
1. Introduction Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 2
Table 1: Key Characteristics of Services vis-à-vis Manufacturing: Implications for Productivity & Jobs
Source: Nayyar et al. (2021)
Accordingly, this paper studies the potential of services in transforming the Indian economy from various
dimensions such as the contribution to output /value added, employment and exports. Based on the analysis of
the performance of the various service sub-sectors on these key dimensions, services are classified into four
categories each with its own set of policy recommendations: Defend, Accelerate, Transform, and Untapped.
Defend includes those sub-sectors wherein India is performing well and is leading in terms of export share,
and this position needs to be retained. In some others sectors, while India is among the leading suppliers in
the world there is scope to expand and grow. Both these categories are characterized by high exports and
GVA share but low employment and high productivity. Under the accelerate category, sub-sectors that are
performing moderately in all the three dimensions and can expand rapidly with policy/investment/technological
impetus are included. Sectors that are underperforming on two of the three dimensions, particularly on exports
and value added, require significant efforts to transform to achieve global market outreach or a substantial
contribution to domestic output. Finally, some sectors are underperforming in all the three dimensions and
require a consolidation strategy to elevate their performance to the next level. Accordingly, the paper is divided
into the following sections. Section 2 explains the data and methodology used in the analysis also highlighting
the limitations due to unavailability of data at the same level of granularity across various dimensions. The
key trends across various service sub-sectors in terms of their contribution to GVA, employment, and exports
for both India and the world are detailed in Section 3. Section 4 proposed a strategy for services using a multi-
dimensional approach. The way forward based on strategic classification of services sectors in teased out in
Section 5 of the paper. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 3
Unlike goods, services are heterogeneous in nature and cover a wide range of economic activities, they
can be inputs into the production of other goods and services and can also satiate final demand. From the
perspective of economic growth and development, input services or producer services play a fundamental
role in the production process. In addition to the input function, services also facilitate transactions through
time (financial services, digital services) and space (transport & logistics, telecommunications) (Francois &
Hoekman, 2010). Further, services such as education, health, R&D enhance the productivity of fundamental
factors of production (capital and labour). The disintegration of the production process into tasks, leading to
specialization and outsourcing, facilitated by technical change, has increased the demand for intermediate
or producer services. These services include business services, financial services, IT and related services,
transport and logistics services etc.
Services are classified in different ways, but one of the most extensively used typology is the international
classification of services adopted by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the General Agreement on
Trade in Services (GATS). The Services Sectoral Classification List (MTN.GNS/W/120) or the W/120, is
an informal WTO Secretariat Note supported the trade in services discussions during the Uruguay Round of
negotiation. This listing is based on the United Nations Central Product Classification (UNCPS) and it divides
services exports into 12 sectors and about 160 sub-sectors. In India, the National Product Classification for
Services Sector (NPCSS), 2010, developed by the Central Statistical Office (CSO), Government of India, is
based on the CPC version 2.0 developed by the United Nations to ensure compatibility with data from other
national and international agencies. Furthermore, the Service Accounting Code (SAC), notified by the Goods
and Services Tax (GST) Council, is based on the NPCSS 2010, making it well-suited for reporting service
trade statistics and ensuring statistical coherence across national and international data. The United Nations
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) classifies services in about
13 sectors and 46 sub-sectors. Further, different countries have adopted the ISIC-based classification in their
national systems. In the case of India, the National Industrial Classification (NIC), 2008 classifies services in
about 15 sectors and 55 sub-sectors. The European Union (EU) uses the NACE (Nomenclature statistique des
activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne), which is the classification of economic activities
including services. Similarly, Canada, Mexico, and the US use the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) to classify economic activities and services in about 15 sub-sectors.
For the purpose of this paper, services are classified into 15 sub-categories, broadly following the manner
in which services exports, employment and value-added data is captured in India. The detailed classification
of the 15 sub-sectors is explained in Annexure I, and is summarized as follows:
2. Data and Methodology Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 4
Table 2: Service Sub-sectors (used in the paper)*
1. Computer & Information services 9. Insurance & Pension Services
2. Professional, scientific & other business services
(including R&D)
10. AV & related services
3. Transport11. Education
4. Travel12. Health
5. Trade & Repair13. Personal, Cultural & Recreational services
6. Postal & Courier14. Others
7. Financial Services15. Government n.i.e.
8. Telecommunications
*Author’s classification
2.1 Data Sources
This strategy paper utilizes data from multiple sources spanning various years. The key data sources are
outlined below:
a. Gross Value Added (GVA) Data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) (1995-2022) and Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
(2011-12 to 2022-23). Growth rates and contributions (in value terms) to total value added (constant
prices) across sectors, i.e., agriculture, industry, and services globally and economies across income
levels, have been sourced from UNCTAD on a calendar year basis. Percentage shares have been
calculated at GVA current prices. MoSPI provides GVA data for the Indian economy, including
sector-wise disaggregation. This data helps to understand the contribution of each services sub-
sector to India’s overall economic growth. The GVA data spans across both traditional and emerging
services, providing insights into the relative importance and growth patterns within the services
sector.
b. Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Data (2017-18 to 2023-24)
The analysis in this paper uses PLFS data from 2017-18 to 2023-24 (July to June), utilizing the
Usual Status approach to capture long-term employment patterns. The data provides insights into the
sectoral distribution of the workforce, focusing on the services sector as defined by the NIC 2008
classification, which includes sub-sectors such as trade, transport, finance, education, healthcare, and
IT. The share of workers employed in the services sector is calculated by examining the proportion of
total workers in each service sub-sector relative to overall service sector employment, using the NIC
2008 classification. The study performs a trend analysis to track changes in sectoral employment
shares from 2017-18 to 2023-24 and also highlights growth or decline in specific sub-sectors.
c. Exports data for this study has been sourced from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) (financial
year 2022-23) and from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
(calendar years 2005 to 2023). The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of WTO has Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 5
classified trade in services into four modes of services supply based on the territorial presence of
the supplier and the consumer at the time of the transaction:- Mode 1: Cross-border trade; Mode 2:
Consumption abroad; Mode 3: Commercial presence; Mode 4: Presence of natural persons. Both
RBI and UNCTAD provide crucial insights into India’s export performance, with a particular focus
on service exports. This data is essential for analyzing the international competitiveness of India’s
service sectors and understanding their contribution to the country’s GDP and employment. Both
sources also feature detailed sub-sector breakdowns within service exports, presenting data at various
levels of granularity, allowing for an in-depth analysis of specific service categories across different
years. However, it is important to note that the data only covers cross-border transactions and does
not include services provided domestically or within the country. The sector statistics presented
correspond to the concepts and definitions of the IMF Balance of Payments and International
Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition (BPM6, 2009).
2.2 Methodology
To facilitate data mapping across the three dimensions and 15 sub-sectors, a heuristic concordance approach
is adopted. This approach involves matching available data at the highest level of aggregation to specific
sub-sectors based on expert judgment, industry knowledge, and available definitions. For instance, GVA
data from MoSPI, export data from RBI, and PLFS employment data were mapped into the identified
15 sub-sectors using heuristic rules. This concordance allows us to estimate the contributions of various
sub-sectors to employment and economic output despite challenges in data granularity. The heuristic
concordance approach for these sectors is detailed in Annexure I.
Limitation of such an approach is that it combines multiple data sources and applies an empirical mapping
technique to integrate data across three dimensions and 15 sub-sectors of India’s services sector. There are
challenges in data availability, granularity, consistency, and timeline of data. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 6
This section examines the key trends in the services landscape, across value added, employment and
exports. As mentioned in the above section, different time periods have been used for the trend analysis based
on the availability of data.
3.1 Gross Value Added (GVA)
In the global economy, the contribution of services to national outputs has increased markedly over time.
The share of services in global GDP has increased from 53% to 67% between 1970 and 2021 (World
Bank & WTO, 2023). Along with the rising contribution of services, most Low Middle-Income Countries
(LMICs) have seen a declining importance of agriculture in their GDP. This section traces the contribution
of services to national outputs in the global and Indian context.
3.1.1 Importance of services across income spectrum
Globally, services play a major role in output and value added. It has added ~USD 32 Trillion to the
world economy over and above its value addition since 1995, more than double of industry at USD
~12.5 Trillion. Due to the effect of pandemic in 2020 and 2021, the sector contracted significantly
but rebounded afterwards with a higher growth than industry and agriculture (as shown in Figure1).
Source: UNCTADstat
The middle-income group is observed to have the sharpest growth in YoY terms while that of OECD
nations have declined, depicting a shift of service output from high income to middle- and low-
income nations (as shown in Figure 2).
3. Key Trends – World
and India Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 7

Source: UNCTADstat (GVA at current prices) & Author’s Calculations
Services share of GDP in economies across all income levels in 2022 have been greater than 46%. The
OECD nations dominate with average share (1995-2022) at 73%. The average for the same time period
for middle income and low developing nations are 50% and 48% respectively (as shown in Figure 3).

Source: UNCTADstat
3.1.2 Importance of Services in India’s GDP
India’s growth path has been considered as an anomaly among South Asian nations and even in
the context of developing countries in general, as its growth transition has been from agriculture to
services sector, rather than the commonly observed path from agriculture to industries to services
(Ansari, 1995). The sector’s growth accelerated particularly post-1991 economic reforms, which
led to higher economic growth, per capita income, technological progress, availability of highly
skilled labour, etc. The developments enabled India to accommodate the rising trend of outsourcing
by developed nations and the consequent growth of computer and professional services (Bhagwati,
1984; Hansda 2001). In addition, a large pool of English-speaking young labour force added to
India’s competitive advantage, especially in the IT and the BPO sectors. As a consequence, the
contribution of services to the overall GVA has increased significantly over the decades, with >7x
growth in its share in the GDP (1995-2023) (as shown in Figure 4). Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 8
The Economic Survey of India for the financial year 2024 estimates the contribution of services to
rise to ~55%. A highlight in the survey states:
“Through the vicissitudes of the last three decades, the services sector stood as the bulwark of India’s
economic growth. Aided by the focus on policy and procedural reforms, physical infrastructure
and logistics, all significant business, personal, financial and infrastructure-based services have
emerged strongly from the pandemic… However, the transformation lies in the fast-paced shift
towards digital services like online payments, e-commerce, and entertainment platforms, as well as
the increase in the demand for high-tech services as inputs in other productive activities.” 
Traditionally, expenditure on food items have dominated the household consumption expenditure in
India. But over the years the share of non-food items, particularly, services such as health, education,
rental, telecommunication, entertainment, transport, financial etc. has increased significantly. In
fact, the Household Consumption Survey 2022-23 indicated that the share of services
3
in monthly
per-capita consumption expenditure has gone up collectively for both rural - from 10.03% in 1999-
2000 to 20.16 % in 2022-2023 and urban sector- from 21.64% to 30.34% in the same period,
signifying rise in demand for services.
Source: UNCTADstat
The year-on-year growth rate of service output is higher in most years for India than in the world
(as shown in Figure 5).
3 Includes item groups: education, medical (hospitalization), conveyance, consumer services, entertainment and rent. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 9

Source: UNCTADstat (GVA at current prices) & Author’s Calculations
At around 53%, the contribution of services to GDP is higher than the combined share of agriculture
and industry. However, the global share of GDP for services still remains much higher, at around
67% (2022), compared to India (as shown in Figure 6).
Source: UNCTADstat
The growth and performance of the sub sectors under services have been varied. The top-performing
sectors highlight a balance between traditional industries (like Trade & Repair, Government, and
Construction) and emerging or expanding ones (such as IT and Professional Services).
Based on data, top 7 performing sectors (as shown in Figure 7) over the years 2011-12 to 2022-23
are:
i. Professional, Scientific & Other Business Services (including R&D)
Highest contributor with ~20% share in 2022-23. It largely remains steady suggesting robust
and sustained demand for these services.
ii. Trade & Repair
A significant contributor, reaching a peak of 21% in several years. Despite a slight decline to
19% in recent years, it is the second largest contributor, indicating its central role in the supply
chain and commerce. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 10
iii. Government Services (n.i.e.)
This sector has a stable contribution, averaging around ~12%, with a slight increase to 13%
in 2020-21. 
iv. Financial Services
This sector ranges between 9-11%. This consistency suggests a steady demand for financial
activities, potentially influenced by ongoing financial inclusion efforts.
v. Computer & Information Services
It shows a clear upward trend, starting at 6% in 2011-12 and reaching 11% by 2022-23. Effects
of increasing digitization, IT developments, and demand for tech services is reflected in the
growth, marking it as one of the fastest-growing sectors.
vi. Transport
It has been stable primarily around 9%-10%, with a slight drop to 7% in 2020-21. The
fluctuation indicates external factors like pandemic impacts but overall, transport remains a
critical sector.
vii. Education
Ranging between 7-8%, with rise to 9% in 2020-21 and 2021-22 could reflect higher
investments in education, potentially due to increased government policy focus on educational
reforms and increasing educational access and quality as well as private funding for online and
remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation & Author’s Calculations
The top 7 sectors maintain a consistent share at ~87% in 2022-23. The rising shares of Computer &
Information and Professional services indicate rise of knowledge driven economy.
The bottom 8 sectors (as shown in Figure 8) constitute just ~13% share in 2022-23, with individual
share of sectors between 0-3%. Growth of these sectors have been minimal, even for socially Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 11
important sectors like Health and Personal, Cultural & Recreational Services indicating need of
more policy focus and higher investments. The detailed table containing the sectoral contributions
within the service sector GVA can be found in Annexure II.
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation & Author’s Calculations
3.2 Employment
3.2.1 Global Employment Trends in Services
Services are a crucial driver of employment across economies at different income levels. In high-
income economies, services are the dominant source of employment, accounting for 75% of total
employment in 2022
4
. This highlights the sector’s critical role in sustaining job opportunities
and economic stability in high-income countries. Similarly, in upper-middle-income economies,
services play a significant role, providing 52% of total employment. This shift towards service-
based economies reflects broader global trends in economic development, where industries such as
finance, healthcare, education, information technology, and retail are expanding and creating jobs
across various skill levels.
In contrast, in low-income economies, agriculture remains the largest source of employment,
accounting for 58% of total employment in 2022. Despite the growth in other sectors, many low-
income countries continue to rely heavily on agriculture for livelihood, especially in rural areas where
mechanization and industrialization may still be limited. However, there has been significant progress
in lower-middle-income economies, with services employment seeing substantial growth. From 27%
in 1992, it rose to 38% in 2022, reflecting the gradual shift toward urbanization, industrialization,
and the expansion of service-based sectors such as retail, transportation, and telecommunications
(ILO, 2022) (as shown in Figure 9). While the global services sector employment share stood at
49.7% in 2021 (as shown in Figure 10), India’s services sector employed 31% of its workforce in
the series sector (ILO, 2022) (as shown in Figure 11).
4 ILO (https://www.ilo.org/wesodata) Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 12

Source: ILO
Services are diverse in nature and offer a wide range of job opportunities, spanning from low-skilled
positions to high-skilled roles. Low-skilled service jobs may include positions in hospitality, retail,
and basic administrative functions, while high-skilled roles may involve professional services, IT,
finance, healthcare, research, and management. This diversity within the services sector makes it
a key contributor to job creation across economies, catering to a broad spectrum of educational
backgrounds and skill sets, and providing employment opportunities for both entry-level workers
and highly qualified professionals. As a result, the growth of services employment is essential
for fostering inclusive economic development and reducing unemployment rates, particularly in
transitioning economies (ILO, 2022).

Source: ILO Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 13
3.2.2 Indian Employment Trends in Services
5
The services sector plays a critical
role in India’s employment landscape,
contributing significantly to the
country’s job creation and overall
economic development. As of 2023-24,
approximately 30% of India’s usually
working population, or around 182
million workers
6
, are employed in the
services sector (as shown in Figure 12,
13). This marks a significant increase
of 40 million workers over the past six
years, signalling robust growth in service-
related employment. This trend reflects
the ongoing structural shift in the Indian
economy, where agriculture’s share of
employment continues to decline, and
services are emerging as the primary
source of job creation. According to the
Economic Survey of India 2022-23, the
services sector has consistently been a
major driver of employment growth,
particularly in sectors like information
technology, healthcare, education, and
retail.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2022) indicates that as economies evolve, services
typically become the largest source of employment, especially in countries undergoing urbanization
and industrialization. This shift in employment is particularly evident in India, where sectors such
as business process outsourcing (BPO) and information technology (IT) have experienced explosive
growth, creating millions of jobs over the past two decades (ILO, 2022). The growth of these service-
oriented industries has been pivotal in absorbing the expanding workforce, especially in urban areas.
Furthermore, the World Bank (2021) highlights that services have increasingly become a significant
source of formal employment in India, contributing to a steady reduction in informality in the labour
market.
This transition also points to the increasing diversity of employment opportunities within the services
sector, ranging from low-skilled positions in retail and hospitality to high-skilled roles in IT and
healthcare. The expansion of services has therefore become a key factor in reducing unemployment and
underemployment, contributing to a more inclusive labour market in India (ILO, 2022).
5 PLFS Annual Reports 2017-18 to 2023-24
6 Usual activity status considering principal and subsidiary status (ps+ss): those who perform some work activity either in the principal
status (person spent relatively longer time (i.e. major time criterion) during the 365 days preceding the date of survey) or in the
subsidiary status (person spent a relatively shorter time throughout the reference year of 365 days preceding the date of survey or
for a minor period (not less than 30 days), during the reference year). Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 14
*Author’s calculation using PLFS data
Source: PLFS Annual Report
The sectoral distribution of employment across India’s services sector reveals important trends of
diversification and shifting dynamics over time. The detailed table is placed at Annexure III. Between
2017-18 and 2023-24, India’s services sector has seen changes in how employment is distributed
across different industries, with certain sectors seeing a decline in their share of total employment,
while others have grown, reflecting the broader economic transformation of the country (Ghosh,
2020; Mehta & Purohit, 2021). Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 15
Source: PLFS Annual Reports
Based on the data above (as shown in Figure 14), the top sectors that have contributed most
significantly to employment growth in India’s services sector are:
i. Trade & Repair
The trade and repair sector consistently employs the highest proportion of workers in India’s
services sector. It accounted for 34.1% of total employment in 2017-18 and maintained a
substantial share of 36% in 2023-24. This reflects the importance of retail, wholesale trade,
and repair services in the Indian economy, which provides jobs across a wide range of skill
levels, especially in urban and semi-urban areas (Kundu & Kumar, 2020).
ii. Transport
With 14% of total services sector employment in 2023-24, transport remains a significant sector
in terms of employment generation. This includes jobs in road, rail, air, and sea transport, as
well as logistics, which have been growing rapidly due to increased demand for both domestic
and international trade (World Bank, 2022).
iii. Education
Education services employed 10.2% of the services workforce in 2023-24, reflecting
the increasing demand for educational services at all levels, from primary education to
higher education and vocational training. India’s growing emphasis on education and skill
development is a significant driver of employment in this sector (ILO, 2020).
iv. Travel
The travel sector, which includes tourism, travel agencies, and hospitality services, employed
6.9% of the services workforce in 2023-24. This sector has seen steady growth in recent years,
driven by domestic travel demand and India’s increasing appeal as a global tourism destination
(UNESCAP, 2021). Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 16
v. Professional, Scientific, and Other Business Services (including R&D)
This sector, which encompasses research and development (R&D), consultancy, legal, and
other professional services, saw a slight decrease in its share from 7.0% in 2017-18 to 5.9%
in 2023-24. Nevertheless, it remains an important contributor to high-skilled employment,
particularly in urban centers (Rajasekar & Chatterjee, 2021).
Some of the important sectors with smaller shares (as shown in Figure 15) in the employment
generation within the services sector include:
i. Financial Services
The financial services sector, which includes banking, insurance, and investment services,
employed 3.2% of the services workforce in 2023-24. As India’s financial sector continues
to expand, driven by growing access to financial products and services, employment in this
sector is expected to rise further (Rajan & Zingales, 2003).
ii. Health Services
The employment share for health has shown a positive trend- from 3.9% in 2017-18 to 4.5%
in 2023-24, even though it remains a low performing sector. The impact of recent pandemic is
reflected in increased health awareness and health investments by both private and government
sources. Hence, the employment opportunities are expected to grow in coming years with
increased focus on specialized and advanced services like telemedicine etc.
iii. Computer and Information Services
An increase from 2.3% in 2017-18 to 4% in 2023-24 indicates expanding scope of the sector,
reflecting India’s growing IT industry. Adoption of digital solutions and emerging technologies
along with government initiatives to successfully establish India as an outsourcing hub has
driven the rise. Thus, even with smaller share in employment, it has shown one of the fastest
employment growth rates. However, skill gaps and rising global competition needs to be
addressed in order to make it comparable to labour intensive sectors like Trade & Repair.
In conclusion, India’s services sector is diversifying rapidly, with a shift from traditional
service sectors to newer and emerging industries like technology, healthcare, and media. The
top seven sectors are experiencing a gradual decline in their share of employment, while the
bottom eight sectors, especially those related to technology and digital services, are seeing
significant growth. This trend reflects broader changes in the economy, including digital
transformation, healthcare expansion, and increasing demand for specialized services, which
are shaping the future of employment in India’s services sector. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 17
3.3 Exports
3.3.1 Global Scenario
Trade in services is often indirect, embedded within people, tangible products, or capital, such as
foreign direct investment (FDI) (Grubel, 1987). A significant portion of the value of goods is derived
from the services involved in their production—this includes business services, intermediation,
knowledge services (e.g., R&D, design, engineering), as well as transport, logistics, and financial
services (Francois and Woerz, 2008). Due to this reason, it is difficult to capture the accurate value of
services exports, especially in the embodied form, however, the Balance of Payment (BoP) statistics
capture the direct cross border trade of services amongst nations. As economies grow wealthier,
the share of services in GDP rises, which is mirrored by a growing proportion of services inputs
embedded in the value of all products. Global trade in services has grown significantly, driven in
part by technological advancements that have lowered the cost of cross-border exchanges. These
improvements have enabled the emergence of new categories of exports, including services that
were previously considered non-tradable (Jensen and Kletzer, 2005).
Global services exports have increased approximately threefold since 2005, rising from USD 2.7
Trillion in 2005 to USD 7.9 Trillion in 2023, reflecting a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR)
7

of 6.2%. As a proportion of global GDP, services exports have expanded from 5.6% in 2005 to 7.5%
in 2023 (as shown in Figure 16). Global exports in services contribute 25% out of the total exports
8

in 2023. In value-added terms, services exports constitute a significant portion of global exports.
And as per the trade in value-added (TIVA) statistics, services in value-added terms now accounts
for nearly 50% of global trade.


2.7
7.9
5.6%
7.5%
5.0%
5.5%
6.0%
6.5%
7.0%
7.5%
8.0%
0
2
4
6
8
10
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
20182019
2020
20212022
2023
%USD Trillion
Figure 16: Trend of Global Services Exports
Services Exports (USD Trillion) Percentage of Exports in World GDP (RHS)
~3x growth
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat and the World Trade Organization.
Between 2005 and 2023, services exports in developing economies (excluding least-developed
economies) expanded by 4.1 times and by 4 times in least-developed economies, significantly
exceeding the 2.6-fold increase recorded in developed economies (as shown in Figure 17).
7 CAGR=(Ending Value/Beginning Value)
1/n
– 1, where n= no. of periods (like years, quarters, months, days, etc.)
8 Total exports = goods + services Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 18
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat and the World Trade Organization.
The structure of global services exports has undergone significant changes since the COVID-19
pandemic, reflecting varying cross-sectoral trends (as shown in Figure 18). The sectors are selected
according to the IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6)
classification
9
.
The share of ‘Other business services
10
’ increased from 19% in 2005 to 25% in 2023. Within this
category, the ‘Professional and management consulting services’ sub-sector has the largest share,
accounting for approximately 45% (in 2023) of the total in Other business services. Notably, the
most substantial growth has occurred in ‘Telecommunications, computer, and information services,’
which expanded from 7% in 2005 to 14% in 2023. Within this sector, the ‘Computer services’
sub-sector has the largest share, accounting for 84% (in 2023) of the total in Telecommunications,
computer, and information services.
‘Computer’ services and ‘Professional and management consulting’ services were the fastest-
growing sectors in global services exports from 2005 to 2023, with CAGRs of 12% and 10%,
respectively.
Conversely, the share of ‘travel’ services (which fell from 26% to 19%) and ‘transport’ services
(which dropped from 22% to 17%) in global services trade has decreased substantially between
2005 and 2023, with the pandemic further intensifying this decline.
9 This sectoral classification is used solely to analyze the global export trends. For the remainder of the paper, a more detailed
breakdown into 15 sub-sectors is applied (see Annexure I).
10 Includes: SJ1) Research and development (R&D), SJ2) Professional and management consulting services, and SJ3) Technical,
trade-related, and other business services Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 19
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat, the World Trade Organization & Author’s calculations.
3.3.2 Indian Scenario
India’s strategic reforms, rising investments, and a large and growing young workforce have
propelled it to the forefront of global services exports. Primarily serving the needs of developed
economies, India ranks seventh among the world’s top services exporters and second among
developing economies, capturing a 4.3% share (USD 338 Billion) of global exports in 2023 (as
shown in Figure 19).
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat and the World Trade Organization. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 20
Services exports of India grew 6.5 times since 2005, rising from USD 52 Billion in 2005 to ~USD
338 Billion in 2023 at a CAGR of 10.9%, nearly double of global growth of services exports in the same
period. India’s share in global services exports rose from under 2% in 2005 to 4.3% in 2023 (as shown in
Figure 20). India’s goods exports grew to USD 432 Billion in 2023 at a CAGR of 8.5% from 2005-2023,
while its share in global goods exports rose from under 1% in 2005 to 1.8% in 2023.
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat and the World Trade Organization.
The composition of India’s services exports reveals a concentration in the top seven sectors, which
account for approximately 96% of the total export value, while the remaining sectors contribute just
about 4%
11
. The criteria for selecting these 14 sectors are outlined in Annexure V and the detailed
sectoral share table is placed at Annexure VI. The concentration of exports in a few sectors is
indicative of global competitiveness in these sectors and also of a need to diversify India’s services
export basket.
‘Computer & Information Services’ and ‘Professional, Scientific & Other Business Services (including
R&D)’ stand out, contributing nearly 68% to India’s services export total in 2023 (as shown in Figure
21).
11 The top and bottom sectors are identified based on their respective shares in India’s services exports for the year 2023. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 21
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat, the World Trade Organization & Author’s calculations.
The following sectors have emerged as key drivers, exhibiting strong growth and contributing
significantly to India’s services export performance.
i. Professional, Scientific & Other Business Services (including R&D)
This sector has been the fastest-growing in India, with a CAGR of 15.6% from 2005 to 2023.
Exports surged from USD 9.04 Billion in 2005 to USD 122.11 Billion in 2023, doubling its
share of India’s services exports from 17% to 36% during the same period. This growth is
driven by the rise of global capability centres (GCCs) in India, leveraging the country’s skilled
workforce in engineering, technology, and management, as well as its cost competitiveness.
ii. Computer and Information services
India’s ‘computer and information services’ sector has grown at a CAGR of 11.1% from 2005
to 2023, with exports rising from USD 16.08 Billion to USD 106.21 Billion, making it the
second-largest contributor to India’s services exports (31.6% in 2023). This growth is driven
by India’s strengths in software development, IT services, and Business Process Outsourcing
(BPO), positioning the country as a global IT leader.
iii. Travel services
The travel services sector has grown at a CAGR of 8.4% from 2005 to 2023, with exports
rising from USD 7.49 Billion to USD 32.19 Billion, contributing 9.6% (2023) to India’s
services exports. This growth reflects increased international tourism to India, driven by
leisure, medical, and business travel, as well as more Indians traveling abroad. Despite a
setback during the COVID-19 pandemic, the sector has rebounded with a strong recovery in
international travel.
iv. Transport services
The transport sector has grown at a CAGR of 9.4% from 2005 to 2023, with exports increasing
from USD 5.75 Billion to USD 29.15 Billion. This growth is fuelled by India’s strategic
position in global trade, enhancing its role in shipping, air transport, and logistics. The sector’s
expansion is also supported by the rise of e-commerce and digital platforms, strengthening
India’s position in international freight and logistics services. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 22
India’s comparative advantages, supportive government policies, and contributions from the Indian
diaspora have played key roles in shaping the success of these sectors.
In addition to the leading sectors, there are several emerging areas that are poised for growth and
can significantly enhance India’s contribution to global services exports (as shown in Figure 22).
i. Construction services
12
The construction services sector has grown at a CAGR of 14.6% from 2005 to 2023, rising
from USD 0.35 Billion to USD 4.02 Billion, though it still represents a small share (1.2%
in 2023) of total services exports. India’s competitive advantage in terms of cost and skilled
labour has positioned the country as a key provider of construction services in global markets.
ii. Personal, Cultural & Recreational Services
The ‘Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services’ sector has grown at a CAGR of 19.1%
from 2005 to 2023, with exports rising from USD 0.11 Billion to USD 2.56 Billion. This
growth is driven by global demand for Indian music, films, art, yoga, and cultural experiences,
alongside rising participation in international sports, education, and healthcare services.
iii. Audio-Visual & Related Services
India’s Audio-Visual & Related Services sector has grown at a CAGR of 13.4% (2009-23),
with exports rising from zero in 2005 to USD 0.29 Billion (2009) and to USD 1.67 Billion in
2023. This growth is driven by global demand for Indian films, television, and digital media
via streaming platforms, alongside India’s growing strengths in AI, animation, and gaming,
boosting its position in the global entertainment market.
This rapid expansion signals their increasing global demand and emerging potential, suggesting
that they could play a more significant role in India’s services export strategy moving forward.
Such momentum in both traditional and emerging sectors positions India to lay a strong
foundation to achieve its target of USD 1 Trillion in services exports by 2030.
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat, the World Trade Organization & Author’s calculations.
12 Construction services are included exclusively for the analysis of services export trends. This sector is not considered in the rest of
the paper due to challenges in mapping it within the GVA and employment dimensions. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 23
Moreover, in recent years, services exports have helped stabilize India’s external balances,
mitigating the impact of supply-side shocks such as rising oil prices and food price volatility,
while also supporting domestic consumption. For instance, in 2023-24
13
, India recorded a trade
surplus of USD 162.8 Billion in services, in contrast to a trade deficit of USD 244.9 Billion in
merchandise, highlighting the significant contribution of services exports to foreign exchange
reserves and economic stability. However, to ensure that this growth is sustained and the country
remains competitive on the global stage, India faces the challenge of meeting the growing demand
for skilled professionals. To advance further along the global value chain, it is essential that India
continues to invest in upskilling and reskilling its workforce, alongside enhancing R&D capabilities
within its domestic services sectors. This will ensure that India not only strengthens its established
sectors but also builds a more diversified and resilient services export portfolio for the future.
13 Data sourced from the ‘India’s Balance of Payments’ document published by the RBI as on 30.09.2024. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 24
As the services sector is inherently heterogeneous, its subsectors vary significantly in the ways they combine
key dimensions such as value added, trade intensity, as well as their capacity to generate jobs, particularly for
low-skilled labour. This diversity creates a complex landscape, where some subsectors excel in exports, others
are strong in GVA contributions, and yet others may play a crucial role in employment generation. Importantly,
no single subsector embodies all these dimensions in the same way. Instead, each combines varying degrees of
different factors, leading to distinct growth dynamics and potential.
Given this complexity, it is essential to examine the services sector through a disaggregated lens,
considering the interplay between GVA, employment share, and exports. These three dimensions provide a
more comprehensive understanding of the sector’s contribution to the economy, highlighting both the challenges
and opportunities that exist across subsectors. For example, while Computer & Information Services stands
out in terms of both export value and GVA, other subsectors like Trade & Repair demonstrate significant
employment share despite a lower export performance. Figure 23 below provides a detailed breakdown of the
performance of key services subsectors in 2022-23, showcasing how these dimensions intersect and contribute
to the broader economic landscape.

*Bubble size represents sectoral share in India’s services sector employment.
Construction services have been excluded from services exports, while real estate services (employment and GVA) are included under
‘Other Business Services’. This sector is not considered due to challenges in mapping it within the GVA and employment dimensions.
4. Strategy for Services –
Multi-dimensional Analysis
14

14 The broad services categories are mapped in Annexure I across three dimensions (GVA, employment, and exports). It may be noted that
these are based on data from RBI (exports), PLFS (employment) and MoSPI (GVA) and have been done heuristically by the authors.
•
Sectors to defend
•

Sectors to accelerate
•
Sectors to transform
•
Untapped sectors
•
Other sectors Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 25
4.1 High Export & GVA, Low Employment Share (Highly Productive, Export-Oriented):
• Computer & Information Services: Export share (45.8%), GVA share (10.8%), Employment
share (4%).
• Professional, Scientific & Other Business Services: Export share (22.2%), GVA share (19.7%),
Employment share (5.8%).
4.2 Low-moderate Export, Moderate-high GVA & Employment Share (Labour-Intensive,
Lower Productivity):
• Trade & Repair: Export share (3.2%), GVA share (19.5%), Employment share (36.7%).
• Transport: Export share (11.2%), GVA share (8.3%), Employment share (13.8%).
• Education: Export share (0.4%), GVA share (8.3%), Employment share (10.6%).
• Financial services: Export share (2.4%), GVA share (9.5%), Employment share (2.8%).
4.3 Low Export, GVA & Employment Share (Underperforming but has growth potential):
• Travel: Export share (8.4%), GVA share (1.8%), Employment share (6.6%).
• Health: Export share (0.2%), GVA share (3.3%), Employment share (4.3%).
• Personal, Cultural & Recreational Services: Export share (0.2%), GVA share (2.7%),
Employment share (5.1%).
4.4 Negligible Export, GVA & Employment Share (Untapped):
• Telecommunications: Export share (1.6%), GVA share (2.2%), Employment share (0.4%).
• Insurance & Pension Services: Export share (1.0%), GVA share (1.5%), Employment share
(0.4%).
• AV & Related Services: Export share (0.5%), GVA share (0.7%), Employment share (0.14%).
• Postal & Courier: Export share (0.03%), GVA share (0.4%), Employment share (0.4%). Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 26
5.1 Sectors to Defend: High Export & GVA, Low Employment Share
These are sectors where India already has a strong position, with high export and/or GVA shares
and relatively low employment, indicating high productivity. These sectors should be defended to
maintain or slightly grow their global competitiveness.
i. Computer & Information Services
• Strategy: Defend and Maintain Leadership
• R&D and Innovation: Ensure continued global leadership in software services, IT consulting,
cybersecurity, and AI. Foster R&D hubs and increase focus on high-value areas like cloud
computing, AI, machine learning, and data analytics.
• Workforce Upskilling: Focus on high-level technical skills to support the demand for advanced
services.
• Global Partnerships: Strengthen partnerships with international corporations to ensure
continued access to high-growth markets, especially in the U.S., Europe, and Asia-Pacific.
ii. Professional, Scientific & Other Business Services
• Strategy: Defend and Expand
• Global Market Access: Expand the consulting, engineering services, and R&D market share
by capitalizing on India’s strengths in technical expertise and cost efficiency.
• Innovation in Business Services: Foster growth in engineering R&D, management consulting,
and legal services for global firms.
• Vertical Integration: Promote diversification into high-demand sectors like AI-driven
consulting, data science, and financial advisory services to capture more value in the global
supply chain.
5.2 Sectors to Accelerate: Low-moderate Export, Moderate-high GVA & Employment Share
These sectors have substantial potential for growth but need investment in infrastructure, innovation,
or digital transformation to fully leverage their competitive advantages.
i. Trade & Repair
• Strategy: Accelerate through Digitalization and E-commerce
• E-Commerce Platforms: Invest in platforms that can facilitate B2B and B2C trade both
domestically and internationally. Create a robust network of digital trade solutions for small
and medium enterprises (SMEs) to access global markets.
5. Strategic Classification of
Sectors and Way Forward Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 27
• Supply Chain Optimization: Promote automation in warehousing, AI for inventory
management, and robotics in repair services to improve labour productivity.
• Market Diversification: Target export markets for repair services, especially in automotive
and electronics sectors, where India can offer competitive labour rates combined with skill.
ii. Transport
• Strategy: Accelerate with Digital Infrastructure
• Invest in Smart Logistics: Adopt AI, IoT, and blockchain technologies to improve the efficiency
and reliability of India’s transport and logistics network. This can improve productivity and
reduce operational costs, making Indian transport services more competitive globally.
• Regional Expansion: Leverage India’s geographic location as a hub for trade with Southeast
Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Strengthen smart transport infrastructure, including modern ports,
airports, and railway networks.
iii. Education
• Strategy: Accelerate with Digital Platforms
• Online Education: Develop and scale online education platforms to cater to both domestic and
international students, positioning India as a leader in the global education services market.
• Vocational and Skill Training: Focus on expanding vocational training and skill development
services, both domestically and for international markets, to meet the growing demand for
skilled labour.
• International Collaborations: Strengthen partnerships with global universities and institutions
to offer joint degree programs and attract international students.
iv. Financial Services
• Strategy: Accelerate through Innovation and Digital Expansion
• Fintech Ecosystem: Promote the growth of fintech services, including digital payments,
blockchain, and mobile banking, to tap into the growing demand for digital financial solutions.
• International Market Access: Expand the global reach of Indian financial services, especially
in emerging markets, through partnerships and digital innovations.
• Regulatory Simplification: Work towards simplifying regulations and ensuring ease of doing
business in the financial sector to attract global investments.
5.3 Sectors to Transform: Low Export, GVA, & Employment Share
These are sectors that have significant potential but are currently underperforming in terms of exports,
GVA and employment share. Significant effort is needed to improve productivity, innovation, and
global market reach. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 28
i. Travel
• Strategy: Transform into a Premium, Niche Market
• Shift to High-Value Tourism: Focus on promoting medical tourism, luxury tourism, and eco-
tourism to attract high-value tourists.
• Digital Transformation: Develop digital platforms to market tailored travel packages and
immersive experiences, including virtual tourism.
• Sustainability Focus: Invest in sustainable tourism practices, positioning India as a leader in
eco-tourism and wellness tourism.
ii. Health
• Strategy: Transform with Digital Health and Medical Tourism
• Telemedicine and Remote Health Solutions: Expand India’s telemedicine infrastructure,
especially targeting underserved regions and global markets, particularly in Africa and
Southeast Asia.
• Medical Value Tourism Hub: Position India as a global leader in affordable healthcare and
medical tourism, offering competitive advantages in specialized treatments like cardiology,
orthopaedics, and cosmetic surgery.
• Health Tech Innovation: Foster growth in health-tech startups, such as digital health records,
remote monitoring, and AI-driven diagnostics.
iii. Personal, Cultural & Recreational Services
• Strategy: Transform through Global Reach and Niche Markets
• Wellness Tourism: Promote wellness tourism, focusing on yoga, meditation, and traditional
healing practices, capitalizing on the growing global demand for health and wellness retreats.
• Digital Content: Expand the export of India’s cultural and recreational content, including
movies, music, and digital entertainment, to global markets through platforms like Netflix,
Amazon Prime, and YouTube.
• Targeted Products: Create specialized recreational and cultural services tailored to global
markets, such as regional films, art, and heritage tourism.
5.4 Untapped Sectors: Negligible Export, GVA & Employment Share
These sectors are currently underperforming in terms of exports, GVA, and employment share.
While they have growth potential, efforts should focus on consolidation - improving efficiency,
increasing market share within existing boundaries, reducing risks, and ensuring sustainability.
i. Telecommunications
• Strategy: Consolidate with Technological Upgrades
• 5G Infrastructure: Focus on expanding 5G networks domestically and internationally to
enhance India’s telecom infrastructure. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 29
• Telecom Exports: Strengthen India’s position as a regional leader in telecom by exporting
services and infrastructure to neighbouring countries and emerging markets.
• Technology Partnerships: Collaborate with global telecom players to upgrade networks and
improve service quality, especially in rural and underserved areas.
ii. Insurance & Pension Services
• Strategy: Consolidate with Digital Solutions
• Micro-Insurance: Promote digital insurance models like micro-insurance and insurtech
solutions to meet the needs of emerging markets and underserved populations.
• Customer-Centric Products: Focus on developing innovative, customer-centric insurance
products that can cater to both domestic and international needs, especially in areas like health,
life, and property insurance.
• Digital Transformation: Simplify insurance processes and improve accessibility through
digital platforms and apps.
iii. Audio-Visual & Related Services
• Strategy: Consolidate and Expand Reach
• Global Content Creation: Focus on producing niche content such as Bollywood movies,
regional films, and digital content for global streaming platforms like Netflix and Amazon
Prime.
• Localization: Expand reach by focusing on localization, including dubbing and subtitling, to
cater to non-English-speaking international markets.
• Digital Platforms: Expand India’s audio-visual offerings on global digital platforms, including
creating content for YouTube and other OTT services.
iv. Postal & Courier
• Strategy: Consolidate through Digital Integration
• E-Commerce Integration: Improve postal and courier services by integrating digital
technologies to support the growth of e-commerce.
• Efficiency Improvements: Focus on automation, tracking technologies, and streamlining
logistics to enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of the postal sector.
• Cross-Border Services: Expand international postal and courier services to meet the growing
demand for global e-commerce deliveries. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 30
Table 3: Summary of Strategic Recommendations:


Defend
(Sustain global
sectoral presence &
enhance market
growth)
Computer &
Information
Services
(Focus areas: R&D,
Innovation,
Upskilling, Global
Partnerships)
Professional,
Scientific &
Business
Services
(Focus areas: R&D,
Consulting,
Engineering, Global
Market Access)
Accelerate
(Stimulate sectors to
outpace global
growth)
Transport
(Focus areas: Smart
Logistics, Infrastructure,
Regional Expansion)
Trade & Repair
(Focus areas: E-
commerce, Automation,
Export Market
Development)
Education
(Focus areas: Online
education, international
expansion)
Financial Services
(Focus areas: Fintech,
digital services, global
market access)
Transform
(Boost productivity,
innovation, and global
reach)
Travel
(Focus areas: Premium
Tourism, Digital
Platforms,
Sustainability)
Health
(Focus areas:
Telemedicine, Medical
Tourism, Health-Tech
Innovation)
Personal, cultural
& recreational
services
(Focus areas: Wellness
tourism, digital content,
fitness)
Untapped
(Increase market share,
ensure efficiency &
sustainability)
Insurance &
Pension Services
(Focus areas: Digital
Insurance, Customer-
Centric Products)
Audio-Visual &
Related Services
(Focus areas: Niche
Content, Global Platforms,
Localization)
Telecommunications
(Focus areas: 5G, Smart
Cities, Infrastructure
Export)
Postal & Courier
(Focus areas:
Digitalization, efficiency,
integration)
From the analysis in this paper, it is clear that India’s services sector must adopt a multipronged approach to
sustain growth and enhance global competitiveness. For sectors where India already excels, such as Computer
& Information Services and Professional, Scientific & Business Services, the focus should be on defending
leadership through continued innovation, R&D, and upskilling the workforce while streamlining regulations
to reduce regulatory burden. In high-potential sectors like Transport, Telecommunications, and Trade &
Repair, the emphasis should be on accelerating growth by investing in digital infrastructure, smart logistics,
and 5G technologies, alongside improving ease of doing business and fostering public-private partnerships.
Underperforming sectors such as Health and Travel require a transformational approach, promoting medical
tourism and telemedicine, and focusing on high-value tourism while positioning India as a global leader in
these areas. For sectors like Insurance and Audio-Visual Services, efforts should focus on consolidation,
enhancing digital solutions, and improving global market reach through content localization and tailored
insurance products. Ultimately, regulatory streamlining, simplification, and investment in technology will be
key to unlocking the full potential of India’s services sector.
*** Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 31
6. Annexures
Annexure I
Heuristic Concordance Table
S. No. Category Exports Category
Employment
Category
GVA Category
1 Trade & Repair
9. c.
i) Trade related
services –
commission on
exports / imports
iv) Inward remittance
for maintenance of
offices in India
viii) Commission
agent services
ix) Wholesale
and retailing trade
services.
x) Maintenance and
Repair Services
Division 45:
Wholesale and retail
trade and repair of
motor vehicles and
motorcycles
Division 46:
Wholesale trade,
except of motor
vehicles and
motorcycles
Division 47: Retail
trade, except of
motor vehicles and
motorcycles
Division 95: Repair
of computers
and personal and
household goods
1.1.1. Trade and
repair services
2
Computer &
Information services
5. b) Software
services
5. c) Information
Services (News
agency)
9.c. vi) Publishing
and printing services
Division 58:
Publishing activities
Division 62: Computer
programming,
consultancy and
related activities
Division 63:
Information service
activities
2.2.4. Information
and computer
related services
3 Government n.i.e.
4) Government Not
Included Elsewhere
Division 84: Public
administration and
defence; compulsory
social security
3.1. Public
administration
and defence Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 32
S. No. Category Exports Category
Employment
Category
GVA Category
4 Financial Services7) Financial services
Division 64: Financial
service activities,
except insurance and
pension funding
Division 66: Other
financial activities
1.2.4.a. Financial
intermediation
services indirectly
measured
2.1.1. Monetary
financial
institutions
2.1.2. Other
financial
corporations
2.2.1. Financial
intermediation
services indirectly
measured
5 Others
8) Royalties,
copyright and license
fees
13) Other Services
not included
elsewhere
Division 97: Activities
of households as
employers of domestic
personnel
Division 98:
Undifferentiated goods
and services producing
activities of private
households for own
use
Division 99: Activities
of extraterritorial
organizations and
bodies
3.2.6. Private
household with
employed person
6 Education
10.b. iv) Educational
services (e.g.
fees received for
correspondence
courses offered to
non-resident by
Indian institutions)
Division 85: Education3.2.1. Education
7 Health
10.b. v) Health
Service (Receipts on
account of services
provided by Indian
hospitals, doctors,
nurses, paramedical
and similar services
etc. rendered remotely
or on-site)
Division 86: Human
health activities
Division 87:
Residential care
activities
Division 88: Social
work activities without
accommodation
3.2.2. Health &
social work Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 33
S. No. Category Exports Category
Employment
Category
GVA Category
8
Personal, cultural
& Recreational
services
10. b.
i) Entertainment
services
ii) Museums, library
and archival services
iii) Recreation and
sporting activity
services
vi) Other Personal,
Cultural &
Recreational services
Division 90: Creative,
arts and entertainment
activities
Division 91: Libraries,
archives, museums and
other cultural activities
Division 92: Gambling
and betting activities
Division 93: Sports
activities and
amusement and
recreation activities
Division 94: Activities
of membership
organizations
Division 96: Other
personal service
activities
3.2.3. Services
of membership
organisations
3.2.4. Arts,
entertainment and
recreation
3.2.5. Personal
services including
-washing, hair
dressing, custom
tailoring and
funeral related
services
9 Telecommunications
5. a)
Telecommunication
services
Division 61:
Telecommunications
1.2.4.c. Teleco-
mmunication
10Travel 1) Travel
Division 55:
Accommodation
Division 56 Food
and beverage service
activities
Division 79: Travel
agency, tour operator
and other reservation
service activities
1.1.2. Hotels and
restaurants
11
Insurance & Pension
Services
3) Insurance
(*includes Pension
services)
Division 65:
Insurance, reinsurance
and pension funding,
except compulsory
social security
2.1.3. Insurance
corporation and
pension funds Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 34
S. No. Category Exports Category
Employment
Category
GVA Category
12
Professional,
scientific & other
business services
(including R&D)
9. a) Research &
Development
9.b) Professional
and management
consulting services
9.c.
ii) Operational leasing
services (other than
financial leasing)
without operating
crew, including
charter hire- Airlines
companies
iii) Agricultural
services like
protection against
insects & disease,
increasing of harvest
yields, forestry
services.
v) Environmental
Servicesvii) Mining
services like onsite
processing services
analysis of ores etc.
x) Operational leasing
services (other than
financial leasing)
without operating
crew, including
charter hire- Shipping
companies
xi) Other Technical
Services including
scientific/space
services.
12. Manufacturing
services on physical
inputs owned by
others
Division 68: Real
estate activities
Division 69: Legal and
accounting activities
Division 70:
Activities of head
offices; management
consultancy activities
Division 71:
Architecture and
engineering activities;
technical testing and
analysis
Division 72: Scientific
research and
development
Division 73:
Advertising and
market research
Division 74: Other
professional, scientific
and technical activities
Division 75:
Veterinary activities
Division 77: Rental
and leasing activities
Division 78:
Employment activities
Division 80: Security
and investigation
activities
Division 81: Services
to buildings and
landscape activities
Division 82: Office
administrative, office
support and other
business support
activities
2.2.2. Real estate
2.2.3. Ownership
of Dwellings
2.2.5.
Professional,
scientific &
technical services
including R & D
2.2.6.
Administrative
& support
service activities
and Other
professional
Activities
13Postal & Courier
2. d) Postal & courier
services
Division 53: Postal
and courier activities
1.2.4.b. Post &
courier activities Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 35
S. No. Category Exports Category
Employment
Category
GVA Category
14
AV & related
services
10. a) Audiovisual
and related services
Division 59: Motion
picture, video and
television programme
production, sound
recording and music
publishing activities
Division 60:
Broadcasting and
programming activities
1.2.4.d. Cable
operators,
recording,
publishing &
broadcasting
services
15Transport
2.
a) Sea Transport
b) Air Transport
c) Freight on exports
e) Others (includes
port charges,
bunker, stevedoring,
demurrage and other
port facilities)
Division 49: Land
transport and transport
via pipelines
Division 50: Water
transport
Division 51: Air
transport
Division 52:
Warehousing and
support activities for
transportation
1.2.1. Railways
1.2.2. Transport
by other means
1.2.3. Storage
  Construction
Construction services have been excluded from services exports,
while real estate services (employment and GVA) are included
under ‘Other Business Services’. This sector is not considered
due to challenges in mapping it within the GVA and employment
dimensions. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 36
Annexure II
Subsector Contribution (%) to Service Sector GVA- India
S. No.
Category
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
2020-21
2021-22
2022-23
1
Computer & Information
services
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
10
10
10.8
2
Professional,
scientific & other business services (including R&D)
21
21
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
21
20
19.7
3
Transport
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
7
9
8.3
4
Travel
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1.8
5
Trade & Repair
20
21
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
18
19
19.5
6
Others
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
7
Financial Services
11
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
9.5
8
Tele-
communications
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2.2
9
Insurance &
Pension Services
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1.5
10
AV & related
services
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.7
11
Education
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
9
8
8.3
12
Government n.i.e.
12
12
11
11
11
11
12
11
11
13
12
11.1
13
Personal, cultural
& Recreational
services
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
2
3
2.7
14
Health
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3.3
15
Postal & Courier
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
 
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100 Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 37
Annexure III
Employment share (%) across 15 major service sectors (excluding construction) in India
S. No.
Category
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
2020-21
2021-22
2022-23
2023-24
1
Computer & Information services
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
3.8
4.0
4.0
2
Professional, scientific & other
business services (including R&D)
7.0
6.6
6.1
6.1
6.3
5.8
5.9
3
Transport
15.4
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.1
13.8
14.0
4
Travel
6.2
5.9
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.6
6.9
5
Trade & Repair
34.1
34.7
39.2
39.2
36.3
36.7
36.0
6
Others
3.5
3.8
2.1
2.1
4.2
4.1
4.4
7
Financial Services
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.2
8
Telecommunications
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
9
Insurance & Pension Services
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
10
AV & related services
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
11
Education
12.2
12.0
11.5
11.5
9.9
10.6
10.2
12
Government n.i.e.
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
4.8
4.8
13
Personal, cultural & Recreational
services
5.5
5.9
4.8
4.8
5.3
5.1
4.8
14
Health
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.7
4.3
4.3
4.5
15
Postal & Courier
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.4
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Source: PLFS Annual Reports Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 38
Annexure IV
NIC-2008 Industry group Classification for services sector
Section G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Division 45 Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Division 46 Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Division 47 Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Section H Transportation and storage
Division 49 Land transport and transport via pipelines
Division 50 Water transport
Division 51 Air transport
Division 52 Warehousing and support activities for transportation
Division 53 Postal and courier activities
Section I Accommodation and Food service activities
Division 55 Accommodation
Division 56 Food and beverage service activities
Section J Information and communication
Division 58 Publishing activities
Division 59 Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording
and music publishing activities
Division 60 Broadcasting and programming activities
Division 61 Telecommunications
Division 62 Computer programming, consultancy and related activities
Division 63 Information service activities
Section K Financial and insurance activities
Division 64 Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding
Division 65 Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social
security
Division 66 Other financial activities
Section L Real estate activities
Division 68 Real estate activities
Section M Professional, scientific and technical activities
Division 69 Legal and accounting activities
Division 70 Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities
Division 71 Architecture and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis
Division 72 Scientific research and development Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 39
Division 73 Advertising and market research
Division 74 Other professional, scientific and technical activities
Division 75 Veterinary activities
Section N Administrative and support service activities
Division 77 Rental and leasing activities
Division 78 Employment activities
Division 79 Travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service activities
Division 80 Security and investigation activities
Division 81 Services to buildings and landscape activities
Division 82 Office administrative, office support and other business support activities
Section O Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
Division 84 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
Section P Education
Division 85 Education
Section Q Human health and social work activities
Division 86 Human health activities
Division 87 Residential care activities
Division 88 Social work activities without accommodation
Section R Arts, entertainment and recreation
Division 90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities
Division 91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities
Division 92 Gambling and betting activities
Division 93 Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities
Section S Other service activities
Division 94 Activities of membership organizations
Division 95 Repair of computers and personal and household goods
Division 96 Other personal service activities
Section T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and
services producing activities of households for own use
Division 97 Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel
Division 98 Undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of private
households for own use
Section U Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
Division 99 Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 40
Annexure V
Comparison of Selected Sectors: Differences between RBI and UNCTAD/WTO Classifications
S. No.Selected Sectors RBI UNCTAD & WTO Description
1Travel 1) Travel SD) Travel
Travel services cover
goods and services
acquired from an economy
by travellers during visit
of less than a year in the
economy.
2Transport
2) Transport
a) Sea Transport
b) Air Transport
c) Freight on exports
e) Others (includes
port charges,
bunker, stevedoring,
demurrage, and other
port facilities)
SC) Transport
SC1) Sea transport
SC2) Air transport
SC3) Other modes of
transport (other than sea
and air)
Transport services cover
the movement of people
and goods via various
modes, including sea,
air, rail, road, internal
waterways, pipelines, space
transport, and electricity
transmission. It includes
both passenger and freight
services.
3
Postal & courier
services
2. d) Postal & courier
services
SC4) Postal & courier
services
These services encompass
the pickup, transport,
and delivery of letters,
newspapers, periodicals,
brochures, other printed
matter, parcels, and
packages by national postal
administrations and other
operators, along with post
office counter and mailbox
rental services.
4
Insurance &
pension services
3) Insurance
(*includes Pension
services)
SF) Insurance and
pension services
Insurance and pension
services cover life and
non-life insurance,
annuities, reinsurance,
freight insurance, pensions,
standardized guarantees,
and related auxiliary
services.
5Government n.i.e.
4) Government Not
Included Elsewhere
SL) Government goods
and services n.i.e.
Government services n.i.e.
covers all services (such as
expenditures of embassies
and consulates) associated
with government sectors or
international and regional
organizations and not
classified under other
items. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 41
S. No.Selected Sectors RBI UNCTAD & WTO Description
6
Telecommunication
services
5. a)
Telecommunication
services
SI1)
Telecommunications
services
Telecommunications
services include the
transmission of sound,
images, data, and
information via various
mediums, including
mobile, internet, and
broadcast services,
excluding installation and
database services.
7
Computer &
Information
Services
5. b) Software
services
5. c) Information
Services (News
agency)
9. c. vi) Publishing
and printing services
SI2) Computer services
SI3) Information
services
It includes resident/
non-resident transactions
related to hardware
consultancy, software
implementation,
information services (data
processing, data base, news
agency), and maintenance
and repair of computers
and related equipment.
8Construction
6) Construction
services
SE) Construction
Construction services
involve the creation,
renovation, repair, or
extension of buildings and
infrastructure, including
related installation,
assembly, specialized
services, and project
management, with goods
and services acquisitions
recorded based on the
location of the work.
9Financial Services7) Financial services SG) Financial services
Financial services include
intermediary and auxiliary
services provided by banks
and financial institutions,
such as deposit taking,
lending, financial advisory,
asset management, credit
rating, and payment
clearing, excluding
insurance and pension
services. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 42
S. No.Selected Sectors RBI UNCTAD & WTO Description
10Others
8) Royalties,
copyright and license
fees
13) Other Services
not included
elsewhere
SH) Charges for the use
of intellectual property
n.i.e.
This includes charges for
the use of proprietary rights
(e.g., patents, trademarks,
copyrights) and licenses
to reproduce or distribute
intellectual property, such
as books, software, films,
and broadcasts.
11
Professional,
scientific & other
business services
(including R&D)
9.a) Research &
Development
9.b) Professional
and management
consulting services
9.c)
ii) Operational
leasing services
(other than financial
leasing) without
operating crew,
including charter
hire- Airlines
companies
iii) Agricultural
services like
protection against
insects & disease,
increasing of harvest
yields, forestry
services.
v) Environmental
Services vii) Mining
services like on–site
processing services
analysis of ores etc.
x) Operational leasing
services (other than
financial leasing)
without operating
crew, including
charter hire- Shipping
companies
xi) Other Technical
Services including
scientific/space
services.
12) Manufacturing
services on physical
inputs owned by
others
SJ1) Research and
development (R&D)
SJ2) Professional and
management consulting
services
SA) Manufacturing
services on physical
inputs owned by others
Research and development
services involve basic
and applied research,
experimental development,
and commercial research
across various fields,
including the sale of
patents. Professional and
management consulting
services cover legal,
accounting, consulting,
advertising, and
market research, while
manufacturing services
include processing and
assembly on goods owned
by others for a fee. Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 43
S. No.Selected Sectors RBI UNCTAD & WTO Description
12Trade & Repair
9. c. Technical, trade-
related, and other
business services
i) Trade related
services –
commission on
exports / imports
iv) Inward remittance
for maintenance of
offices in India
viii) Commission
agent services
ix) Wholesale
and retailing trade
services.
11) Maintenance and
Repair Services
SJ3) Technical, trade-
related, and other
business services
SB) Maintenance and
repair services n.i.e.
SJ3 Includes:
(a) architectural,
engineering, and other
technical services;
(b) waste treatment and
depollution, agricultural,
and mining services;
(c) operating leasing
services;
(d) trade-related services;
and
(e) other business services
SB) Maintenance and
repair services n.i.e. cover
repair work by residents on
non-resident-owned goods
and vice versa, performed
either on-site or elsewhere.
This includes repairs on
ships, aircraft, and other
transport equipment, but
excludes construction-
related maintenance and
repairs, which fall under
construction
13
AV & related
services
10. a) Audiovisual
and related services
SK1) Audiovisual and
related services
Audiovisual and related
services consist of
services and fees related
to the production of
motion pictures (on
film, videotape, disk, or
transmitted electronically,
etc.), radio and television
programs (live or on tape),
and musical recordings Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 44
S. No.Selected Sectors RBI UNCTAD & WTO Description
14
Personal, cultural
& Recreational
services (including
Health &
Education)
10. b. Personal,
cultural &
Recreational services
i) Entertainment
services
ii) Museums, library,
and archival services
iii) Recreation and
sporting activity
services
vi) Other Personal,
Cultural &
Recreational services
SK2) Other personal,
cultural, and
recreational services
(other than audiovisual
and related)
Includes health services,
education services,
and others (associated
with museums and
other cultural, sporting,
gambling, and recreational
activities, except those
included in travel. The fees
and prizes of athletes are
included.)
15Education
10.b. iv) Educational
services (e.g.,
fees received for
correspondence
courses offered to
non-resident by
Indian institutions)
Data for these sub-
sectors are not
available on UNCTAD/
WTO. Hence, these
sub-sectors have
been included under
‘Personal, cultural &
Recreational services
(including Health &
Education)’.
 
16Health
10.b. v) Health
Service (Receipts on
account of services
provided by Indian
hospitals, doctors,
nurses, paramedical
and similar services
etc. rendered
remotely or on-site) Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 45
Annexure VI
Exports share (%) across 14 major service sectors in India
S. No.
Sectors
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
1
Professional,
scientific & other business services (including R&D)
20.1
23.8
23.3
23.4
25.4
26.0
26.5
27.6
29.0
33.2
34.0
35.0
36.3
2
Computer &
Information services
34.5
33.3
34.9
34.1
34.9
32.6
30.6
30.0
30.3
33.7
34.5
31.8
31.6
3
Travel
13.4
12.7
12.4
12.8
13.8
14.2
16.0
15.4
15.0
6.7
3.8
7.1
9.6
4
Transport
13.4
12.3
11.4
12.1
9.4
9.6
9.9
10.2
10.3
10.7
12.8
12.5
8.7
5
Trade & Repair
9.1
9.5
8.4
8.3
7.8
8.8
8.7
7.7
7.3
7.4
6.9
5.9
5.7
6
Financial Services
4.7
3.8
4.3
3.7
3.5
3.2
2.6
2.9
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
7
Telecommunications
1.2
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.5
8
Construction
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.2
9
Insurance & Pension
Services
2.0
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.0
10
Personal, cultural & Recreational services
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
11
AV & related
services
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
12
Others
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.5
13
Government n.i.e.
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
14
Postal & Courier
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Source: UNCTADstat Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data
Identifying Potential Service Sub-Sectors:
Insights from GVA, Exports, and Employment Data 46
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