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COST CONTROL
FIDIC
LEADERSHIP
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT STAKE HOLDER SCHEDULE
MANAGEMENT QUALITY PROJECT
MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT RISK
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON
PROJECT & PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 1
Constitution of the Task Force 3
Executive Summary 5
Chapter I: Present status of project delivery in India 9
Chapter II: Challenges in the Project Implementation Model in India 11
Chapter III: The framework proposed by the Task-Force 17
Chapter IV: Conclusion 24
Annexure A: Global Project Management Practices 28
Annexure B: Shendra Industrial Area - 32
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project: A Case Study
Annexure C: Global Project Management Institutions 35
Annexure D: Program Implementation Model under the DMIC Project 38
Annexure E: Benefits of a Program Management Approach 41 Program management is strategic in nature, while project management is tactical in nature.
Program management focuses on achievement of the intended strategic economic objectives
through the coordination of multiple projects. Project management in contrast focuses on the tactics
of planning and execution of the work output. Program management is entirely cross-functional,
while project management focuses on a single function or limited cross-functional alignment at best.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. Project management, on the other hand is focussed more on accomplishment of
deliverables, milestones and tasks from a single project.
Facilitating cross-learning is one of the major benefits of program management approach.
Experiences in dealing with risks and lessons learnt are well communicated across the spectrum of
projects in a program through networks, share points, staff etc. This approach allows reducing the
costs and delays related to dealing with risks and issues since these will be repeatedly dealt with
across all the projects within a program as well as adopting best practices.
The Government of India has been working towards de-bottlenecking infrastructure projects
through numerous initiatives and NITI Aayog has also been advocating various guidelines for
improving the performance of infrastructure projects. In line with these initiatives, NITI Aayog had
constituted the Task Force on Project Management with an objective to lay down a plan of action
advocating short-term and long-term strategies for improving project and Program management
practices and aligning it with the global best practices.
Accordingly, the recommendations from the Task Force have clearly highlighted the need to
develop a national policy framework for project and program management, with emphasis on
strengthening the government’s ability to effectively manage its portfolio of projects and programs.
The Task Force recommendations underline the need for more efficiency and transparency in
procurement and enabling public-private investments through appropriate risk sharing, investing
more efforts at pre-planning stage, augmenting organizational skillsets, improving stakeholder
management, leveraging technology and establishing robust project governance. Furthermore, it is
important that Project Management discipline is introduced in the curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical courses in order to prepare young students to be “Industry Ready”.
I sincerely hope that this report would be useful not only for Public Sector bodies, PSE
officials and all key stakeholders in the infrastructure fraternity but also academics and industry
interested in the subject. While this report sets a starting base for corrective actions, given the
investments at stake, it is imperative to maintain continuity in reviewing the projects and set a
governance framework for institutionalisation of Project and Program management discipline within
the functioning of nodal agencies/ ministries for continuous improvement.
Dated- 14-06-2019
Place- New Delhi
FOREWORD
As India marches ahead in its quest to become a global economic powerhouse, there is a felt
need for a paradigm shift in our approach towards the existing industrial ecosystem. As per the
Economic Survey 2017-18, India will require investments of around $4.5 trillion by 2040 to develop
the infrastructure for sustaining its economic growth.
Infrastructure development has always been a challenge due to a multitude of issues which
impact these projects. Each project is unique and needs a structured approach to manage its
complexity. Therefore, it is high time to realise and appreciate the fact that the need of the hour is a
coherent execution approach that forms a crucial link between the portfolios of projects and their
component strategic disciplines.
The major problem is successfully dealing with the multiplicity of issues that obstruct the
smooth execution of the project, namely- cost over-run, time over-run, environmental clearances,
land acquisition, regulatory approvals and the like. This problem arises due to the fact that individual
project managers are working independently on different verticals with lack of interdisciplinary
coordination. This need for visibility and control over several projects simultaneously is where
program management comes into focus.
At such a high level where economic transformation of an entire industrial ecosystem is
involved, the executing authorities need individual projects to come together seamlessly and
integrate with each other in order to provide the required economic transformation within the desired
timescale.
Mega projects are complex and the technologies and management approaches involved are
continuously evolving to adapt to the changing needs of the economy. In order to achieve the
required economic progress, numerous inter-connected large-scale projects involving multifarious
disciplines need to be developed and executed in parallel. The major issues involved include
efficient resource allocation across these projects and ensuring that collectively these projects will
provide the desired economic outcomes.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. It is entirely cross-functional in its approach, managing across the various
disciplines of constituent projects such as engineering, designing, planning, procurement,
construction and finance as well as various components like power, water, highways, waste
management, telecommunication, multi-use development etc.
Amitabh Kant
Chief Executive OfficerGovernment of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street,
New Delhi-110001
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद माग�,
नई िदलली - 110001
अिमताभ कांत
मुख़य काय�कारी अिधकारी Program management is strategic in nature, while project management is tactical in nature.
Program management focuses on achievement of the intended strategic economic objectives
through the coordination of multiple projects. Project management in contrast focuses on the tactics
of planning and execution of the work output. Program management is entirely cross-functional,
while project management focuses on a single function or limited cross-functional alignment at best.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. Project management, on the other hand is focussed more on accomplishment of
deliverables, milestones and tasks from a single project.
Facilitating cross-learning is one of the major benefits of program management approach.
Experiences in dealing with risks and lessons learnt are well communicated across the spectrum of
projects in a program through networks, share points, staff etc. This approach allows reducing the
costs and delays related to dealing with risks and issues since these will be repeatedly dealt with
across all the projects within a program as well as adopting best practices.
The Government of India has been working towards de-bottlenecking infrastructure projects
through numerous initiatives and NITI Aayog has also been advocating various guidelines for
improving the performance of infrastructure projects. In line with these initiatives, NITI Aayog had
constituted the Task Force on Project Management with an objective to lay down a plan of action
advocating short-term and long-term strategies for improving project and Program management
practices and aligning it with the global best practices.
Accordingly, the recommendations from the Task Force have clearly highlighted the need to
develop a national policy framework for project and program management, with emphasis on
strengthening the government’s ability to effectively manage its portfolio of projects and programs.
The Task Force recommendations underline the need for more efficiency and transparency in
procurement and enabling public-private investments through appropriate risk sharing, investing
more efforts at pre-planning stage, augmenting organizational skillsets, improving stakeholder
management, leveraging technology and establishing robust project governance. Furthermore, it is
important that Project Management discipline is introduced in the curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical courses in order to prepare young students to be “Industry Ready”.
I sincerely hope that this report would be useful not only for Public Sector bodies, PSE
officials and all key stakeholders in the infrastructure fraternity but also academics and industry
interested in the subject. While this report sets a starting base for corrective actions, given the
investments at stake, it is imperative to maintain continuity in reviewing the projects and set a
governance framework for institutionalisation of Project and Program management discipline within
the functioning of nodal agencies/ ministries for continuous improvement.
Dated- 14-06-2019
Place- New Delhi(Amitabh Kant)
FOREWORD
As India marches ahead in its quest to become a global economic powerhouse, there is a felt
need for a paradigm shift in our approach towards the existing industrial ecosystem. As per the
Economic Survey 2017-18, India will require investments of around $4.5 trillion by 2040 to develop
the infrastructure for sustaining its economic growth.
Infrastructure development has always been a challenge due to a multitude of issues which
impact these projects. Each project is unique and needs a structured approach to manage its
complexity. Therefore, it is high time to realise and appreciate the fact that the need of the hour is a
coherent execution approach that forms a crucial link between the portfolios of projects and their
component strategic disciplines.
The major problem is successfully dealing with the multiplicity of issues that obstruct the
smooth execution of the project, namely- cost over-run, time over-run, environmental clearances,
land acquisition, regulatory approvals and the like. This problem arises due to the fact that individual
project managers are working independently on different verticals with lack of interdisciplinary
coordination. This need for visibility and control over several projects simultaneously is where
program management comes into focus.
At such a high level where economic transformation of an entire industrial ecosystem is
involved, the executing authorities need individual projects to come together seamlessly and
integrate with each other in order to provide the required economic transformation within the desired
timescale.
Mega projects are complex and the technologies and management approaches involved are
continuously evolving to adapt to the changing needs of the economy. In order to achieve the
required economic progress, numerous inter-connected large-scale projects involving multifarious
disciplines need to be developed and executed in parallel. The major issues involved include
efficient resource allocation across these projects and ensuring that collectively these projects will
provide the desired economic outcomes.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. It is entirely cross-functional in its approach, managing across the various
disciplines of constituent projects such as engineering, designing, planning, procurement,
construction and finance as well as various components like power, water, highways, waste
management, telecommunication, multi-use development etc. A Task Force was created under the
Chairmanship of CEO, NITI Aayog with
the objective of a focused result-oriented
approach and effective delivery of
projects within time and budget for
Central/ State Government and
Public-Sector Enterprises (PSEs). It
comprises of representatives of following
Departments/Ministries/entities.
The composition of the Task Force
• Shri Amitabh Kant, CEO, NITI Aayog -
Chairman
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Railways - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs -
Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Power - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Department of Economic Affairs,
Ministry of Finance - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Department of Expenditure, Ministry
of Finance - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Department of Financial Services,
Ministry of Finance - Member
• DG or nominee (not below the rank of
Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Bureau of Indian Standards - Member
• Chairman or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
National Highway Authority of India -
Member
• Chairman or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
NTPC - Member
• Chairman or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation -
Member
• CEO or nominee (not below the rank
of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor
Development Corporation Ltd. -
Member
• CMD or nominee (not below the rank
of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
L&T - Member
• Country Director, Project
Management Institute, India- Member
• Shri Adesh Jain, Chairman,
International Institute of Projects and
Program Management - Member
3
CONSTITUTION OF THE TASK-FORCE The mandate of the Task – Force
a. To analyze the performance of Public
sector/PPP Projects during the last
decade and take stock of the present
situation of Public-Sector/PPP projects.
b. To draw conclusions from the
Performance Analysis with special focus
on identifying the problems faced by
the public sector/PPP projects and
factors that impede their performance.
c. To lay down a plan of action
suggesting short-term, medium-term
and long-term strategies for improving
project management practices in the
public sector/PPP commensurate with
the best international practices.
d. To ensure that appropriate systems,
tools & techniques, processes and
controls are in place at the
departmental or government levels for
managing projects; minimizing risk,
limiting project duplication,
encouraging stakeholder consultation,
integrating decision-making across
agencies and monitoring/evaluation of
output-outcomes.
The Terms of Reference
of the Task – Force
The Task - Force will deliberate,
brainstorm and give recommendations
on the following focus areas:
a) To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of separate
legislation and/or designating a
separate agency/inter-agency
forum/office to facilitate better project
management of Public-Sector/ PPP
projects.
b) To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
c) To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum, syllabus,
qualifications etc. for developing a
cadre of PM professionals.
d) To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency and
accountability, efficiency and effective
use of public resources with reference
to the best practices.
e) To coordinate and act as liaisons
between State and Central
Governments/Entities to raise massive
awareness amongst all the stakeholders
about the importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
4 The Infrastructure sector is one of the key
drivers of economic growth across the
world, and India is no exception. The
sector is responsible for propelling
India's overall development and enjoys
priority focus from Government for
initiating policies that would ensure
time-bound creation of world-class
infrastructure in the country.
The Government of India has set
ambitious growth plans and committed
massive investment of close to INR 5.97
lakh crore in the infrastructure sector in
the current fiscal year. Further, it is
estimated that approximately INR 304
lakh crore of investment is required in
the Indian infrastructure sector till 2040
in order to sustain the country’s
development.
Accordingly, the Government has
launched various critical infrastructure
mega programs like Power for All,
Bharatmala (entailing an estimated cost
of INR 5.35 lakh crore for Phase 1),
Sagarmala (entailing a total outlay of INR
8 lakh crore), Smart Cities mission
(entailing a total investment of INR
203,172 crore), Housing for All, Swachh
Bharat Mission, AMRUT, etc. with an
objective to build world-class
infrastructure in the country. However,
the track record of completing projects
on time is abysmal. There are multiple
challenges attributed to the same
including regulatory clearances, land
acquisition, Resettlement &
Rehabilitation amongst others. The Govt.
has set up various bodies to tide over
such obstacles and is continuing to
improve them. However, one aspect
which needs attention is the successful
adoption of globally accepted Project
and Program Management practices. The
country is in the transformation phase
and with such large-scale initiatives
planned, there is a growing demand for
structured project and program
management practices in order to
manage these programs and implement
them successfully. Project and Program
management practices, when
implemented successfully, can bring in
synergies, integration and a common
language to all these complex program
initiatives like Sagarmala, Bharatmala,
Industrial Corridors, Smart Cities Mission,
etc.
This can be well substantiated from the
recent report of the Ministry of Statistics
and Program Implementation (MOSPI)
released in December 2018 which has
reviewed 1424 central infrastructure
sector projects worth INR 150 crore and
above. It has been observed that more
than 25% of these central sector projects
are delayed beyond their scheduled date
of completion, and there has been a
significant cost overrun of around INR
3.17 lakh crore in these projects.
Clearly, Project and Program
management best practices need to be
maximized when resources are limited so
5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
they can effectively respond to changing
project requirements. Delayed projects
also mean cost escalation and delay in
the benefits of the projects to society.
India will need 70 lakh skilled project
managers in the next 10 years in order to
avoid delays and escalation of budgets in
projects in key industries like Roads,
Railways, IT, and manufacturing. To
overcome this issue, the Government has
to play a more proactive role.
Initially, project management practices
were more widely adopted by the
private sector, however, now even the
public sector is opening up to these
practices. Many public-sector
organizations are placing emphasis on
training programs and strengthening
their existing project management units
and appointing professionals. “Lack of
clarity of benefits” and “Lack of client-led
demand in India” are the main barriers to
the adoption of project management
practices in the country.
As India gears up and prepares for a
stronger and resilient economy, Project
Management will be the enabler. Project
management capabilities must be
improved for the country to get better
returns from public investment in
infrastructure and in the social sectors as
well. Project management, with a view to
deliver on time and within budget, is a
learnable capability that can be
institutionalized, as demonstrated by the
development experiences of USA, UK,
UAE, and China.
In addition, at the current pace of
growth, the nation requires something
more than just leadership, experience
and conventional methods - there needs
to be an emphasis on innovative thinking,
instantaneous communication,
adaptability of thoughts and diverse
approach.
Given the fact that each of the projects
are unique, complex, involve multiple
stakeholders, and require significant
funds and time to complete, traditional
ways of managing projects have proven
to be ineffective. Therefore, we must
recognize the fact that Projects need
refurbishment with modernized tools and
techniques and acclimatize with agility,
disruptive thinking, diversity of
experiences, age, genders and
geography, real-time communication,
real-time data management, social media
and internet of things and above all
skilled workforce. Project management is
an art and science of converting vision
into reality and to achieve this, a ‘Project
Mindset’ must be nurtured amongst all in
organizations.
Accordingly, it is suggested to develop a
National Project / Program Management
Policy Framework (NPMPF). NPMPF can
refer to the already available global best
standards on Project / Program
management, and suggest procedures
and guidelines for effective project
execution of public sector and PPP
projects. These procedures and
guidelines should be made part of all
future contracts. NPMPF can also assist in
introducing project management course
in the senior secondary level curriculum,
which would help in strengthening the
existing framework to build an Industry
ready workforce. It can introduce a
complete course on project
management in the core curriculum of
engineering, management and other
technical institutes as well as
diploma/degree programs at graduate
and post graduate level in consultation
with UGC and AICTE.
At the same time, it is also important to
ensure that Project Management is one of
the key skills for competency
development and a part of Performance
Management System for all professionals
at managerial as well as specialist roles in
Central and State Governments as well as
in construction/contracting firms involved
in executing public sector projects.
While developing NPMPF, the
government can leverage the existing
global standards and Certification
program for professionals in project
management which are widely accepted,
and adopted. This, in turn, addresses the
industry demand of such skilled
professionals in the country.
While the constitution of nodal body
through the legislative framework has
been agreed to as a long term solution, in
view of the time required for the various
procedures/approvals involved as well as
the pressing need for immediate
implementation of remedial measures for
on-going projects/schemes, in the interim
the mandate is decided to be undertaken
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
1
Union budget 2018-19 Report
2
Economic Survey 2017-18, Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India The Infrastructure sector is one of the key
drivers of economic growth across the
world, and India is no exception. The
sector is responsible for propelling
India's overall development and enjoys
priority focus from Government for
initiating policies that would ensure
time-bound creation of world-class
infrastructure in the country.
The Government of India has set
ambitious growth plans and committed
massive investment of close to INR 5.97
lakh crore in the infrastructure sector in
the current fiscal year. Further, it is
estimated that approximately INR 304
lakh crore of investment is required in
the Indian infrastructure sector till 2040
in order to sustain the country’s
development.
Accordingly, the Government has
launched various critical infrastructure
mega programs like Power for All,
Bharatmala (entailing an estimated cost
of INR 5.35 lakh crore for Phase 1),
Sagarmala (entailing a total outlay of INR
8 lakh crore), Smart Cities mission
(entailing a total investment of INR
203,172 crore), Housing for All, Swachh
Bharat Mission, AMRUT, etc. with an
objective to build world-class
infrastructure in the country. However,
the track record of completing projects
on time is abysmal. There are multiple
challenges attributed to the same
including regulatory clearances, land
acquisition, Resettlement &
Rehabilitation amongst others. The Govt.
has set up various bodies to tide over
such obstacles and is continuing to
improve them. However, one aspect
which needs attention is the successful
adoption of globally accepted Project
and Program Management practices. The
country is in the transformation phase
and with such large-scale initiatives
planned, there is a growing demand for
structured project and program
management practices in order to
manage these programs and implement
them successfully. Project and Program
management practices, when
implemented successfully, can bring in
synergies, integration and a common
language to all these complex program
initiatives like Sagarmala, Bharatmala,
Industrial Corridors, Smart Cities Mission,
etc.
This can be well substantiated from the
recent report of the Ministry of Statistics
and Program Implementation (MOSPI)
released in December 2018 which has
reviewed 1424 central infrastructure
sector projects worth INR 150 crore and
above. It has been observed that more
than 25% of these central sector projects
are delayed beyond their scheduled date
of completion, and there has been a
significant cost overrun of around INR
3.17 lakh crore in these projects.
Clearly, Project and Program
management best practices need to be
maximized when resources are limited so
they can effectively respond to changing
project requirements. Delayed projects
also mean cost escalation and delay in
the benefits of the projects to society.
India will need 70 lakh skilled project
managers in the next 10 years in order to
avoid delays and escalation of budgets in
projects in key industries like Roads,
Railways, IT, and manufacturing. To
overcome this issue, the Government has
to play a more proactive role.
Initially, project management practices
were more widely adopted by the
private sector, however, now even the
public sector is opening up to these
practices. Many public-sector
organizations are placing emphasis on
training programs and strengthening
their existing project management units
and appointing professionals. “Lack of
clarity of benefits” and “Lack of client-led
demand in India” are the main barriers to
the adoption of project management
practices in the country.
As India gears up and prepares for a
stronger and resilient economy, Project
Management will be the enabler. Project
management capabilities must be
improved for the country to get better
returns from public investment in
infrastructure and in the social sectors as
well. Project management, with a view to
deliver on time and within budget, is a
learnable capability that can be
institutionalized, as demonstrated by the
development experiences of USA, UK,
UAE, and China.
In addition, at the current pace of
growth, the nation requires something
more than just leadership, experience
and conventional methods - there needs
to be an emphasis on innovative thinking,
instantaneous communication,
adaptability of thoughts and diverse
approach.
Given the fact that each of the projects
are unique, complex, involve multiple
stakeholders, and require significant
funds and time to complete, traditional
ways of managing projects have proven
to be ineffective. Therefore, we must
recognize the fact that Projects need
refurbishment with modernized tools and
techniques and acclimatize with agility,
disruptive thinking, diversity of
experiences, age, genders and
geography, real-time communication,
real-time data management, social media
and internet of things and above all
skilled workforce. Project management is
an art and science of converting vision
into reality and to achieve this, a ‘Project
Mindset’ must be nurtured amongst all in
organizations.
Accordingly, it is suggested to develop a
National Project / Program Management
Policy Framework (NPMPF). NPMPF can
refer to the already available global best
standards on Project / Program
management, and suggest procedures
and guidelines for effective project
execution of public sector and PPP
projects. These procedures and
guidelines should be made part of all
future contracts. NPMPF can also assist in
6
introducing project management course
in the senior secondary level curriculum,
which would help in strengthening the
existing framework to build an Industry
ready workforce. It can introduce a
complete course on project
management in the core curriculum of
engineering, management and other
technical institutes as well as
diploma/degree programs at graduate
and post graduate level in consultation
with UGC and AICTE.
At the same time, it is also important to
ensure that Project Management is one of
the key skills for competency
development and a part of Performance
Management System for all professionals
at managerial as well as specialist roles in
Central and State Governments as well as
in construction/contracting firms involved
in executing public sector projects.
While developing NPMPF, the
government can leverage the existing
global standards and Certification
program for professionals in project
management which are widely accepted,
and adopted. This, in turn, addresses the
industry demand of such skilled
professionals in the country.
While the constitution of nodal body
through the legislative framework has
been agreed to as a long term solution, in
view of the time required for the various
procedures/approvals involved as well as
the pressing need for immediate
implementation of remedial measures for
on-going projects/schemes, in the interim
the mandate is decided to be undertaken
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
3
Project Management Institute (PMI) report – “Project Management Job Growth and Talent Gap 2017-2027” The Infrastructure sector is one of the key
drivers of economic growth across the
world, and India is no exception. The
sector is responsible for propelling
India's overall development and enjoys
priority focus from Government for
initiating policies that would ensure
time-bound creation of world-class
infrastructure in the country.
The Government of India has set
ambitious growth plans and committed
massive investment of close to INR 5.97
lakh crore in the infrastructure sector in
the current fiscal year. Further, it is
estimated that approximately INR 304
lakh crore of investment is required in
the Indian infrastructure sector till 2040
in order to sustain the country’s
development.
Accordingly, the Government has
launched various critical infrastructure
mega programs like Power for All,
Bharatmala (entailing an estimated cost
of INR 5.35 lakh crore for Phase 1),
Sagarmala (entailing a total outlay of INR
8 lakh crore), Smart Cities mission
(entailing a total investment of INR
203,172 crore), Housing for All, Swachh
Bharat Mission, AMRUT, etc. with an
objective to build world-class
infrastructure in the country. However,
the track record of completing projects
on time is abysmal. There are multiple
challenges attributed to the same
including regulatory clearances, land
acquisition, Resettlement &
Rehabilitation amongst others. The Govt.
has set up various bodies to tide over
such obstacles and is continuing to
improve them. However, one aspect
which needs attention is the successful
adoption of globally accepted Project
and Program Management practices. The
country is in the transformation phase
and with such large-scale initiatives
planned, there is a growing demand for
structured project and program
management practices in order to
manage these programs and implement
them successfully. Project and Program
management practices, when
implemented successfully, can bring in
synergies, integration and a common
language to all these complex program
initiatives like Sagarmala, Bharatmala,
Industrial Corridors, Smart Cities Mission,
etc.
This can be well substantiated from the
recent report of the Ministry of Statistics
and Program Implementation (MOSPI)
released in December 2018 which has
reviewed 1424 central infrastructure
sector projects worth INR 150 crore and
above. It has been observed that more
than 25% of these central sector projects
are delayed beyond their scheduled date
of completion, and there has been a
significant cost overrun of around INR
3.17 lakh crore in these projects.
Clearly, Project and Program
management best practices need to be
maximized when resources are limited so
they can effectively respond to changing
project requirements. Delayed projects
also mean cost escalation and delay in
the benefits of the projects to society.
India will need 70 lakh skilled project
managers in the next 10 years in order to
avoid delays and escalation of budgets in
projects in key industries like Roads,
Railways, IT, and manufacturing. To
overcome this issue, the Government has
to play a more proactive role.
Initially, project management practices
were more widely adopted by the
private sector, however, now even the
public sector is opening up to these
practices. Many public-sector
organizations are placing emphasis on
training programs and strengthening
their existing project management units
and appointing professionals. “Lack of
clarity of benefits” and “Lack of client-led
demand in India” are the main barriers to
the adoption of project management
practices in the country.
As India gears up and prepares for a
stronger and resilient economy, Project
Management will be the enabler. Project
management capabilities must be
improved for the country to get better
returns from public investment in
infrastructure and in the social sectors as
well. Project management, with a view to
deliver on time and within budget, is a
learnable capability that can be
institutionalized, as demonstrated by the
development experiences of USA, UK,
UAE, and China.
In addition, at the current pace of
growth, the nation requires something
more than just leadership, experience
and conventional methods - there needs
to be an emphasis on innovative thinking,
instantaneous communication,
adaptability of thoughts and diverse
approach.
Given the fact that each of the projects
are unique, complex, involve multiple
stakeholders, and require significant
funds and time to complete, traditional
ways of managing projects have proven
to be ineffective. Therefore, we must
recognize the fact that Projects need
refurbishment with modernized tools and
techniques and acclimatize with agility,
disruptive thinking, diversity of
experiences, age, genders and
geography, real-time communication,
real-time data management, social media
and internet of things and above all
skilled workforce. Project management is
an art and science of converting vision
into reality and to achieve this, a ‘Project
Mindset’ must be nurtured amongst all in
organizations.
Accordingly, it is suggested to develop a
National Project / Program Management
Policy Framework (NPMPF). NPMPF can
refer to the already available global best
standards on Project / Program
management, and suggest procedures
and guidelines for effective project
execution of public sector and PPP
projects. These procedures and
guidelines should be made part of all
future contracts. NPMPF can also assist in
7
introducing project management course
in the senior secondary level curriculum,
which would help in strengthening the
existing framework to build an Industry
ready workforce. It can introduce a
complete course on project
management in the core curriculum of
engineering, management and other
technical institutes as well as
diploma/degree programs at graduate
and post graduate level in consultation
with UGC and AICTE.
At the same time, it is also important to
ensure that Project Management is one of
the key skills for competency
development and a part of Performance
Management System for all professionals
at managerial as well as specialist roles in
Central and State Governments as well as
in construction/contracting firms involved
in executing public sector projects.
While developing NPMPF, the
government can leverage the existing
global standards and Certification
program for professionals in project
management which are widely accepted,
and adopted. This, in turn, addresses the
industry demand of such skilled
professionals in the country.
While the constitution of nodal body
through the legislative framework has
been agreed to as a long term solution, in
view of the time required for the various
procedures/approvals involved as well as
the pressing need for immediate
implementation of remedial measures for
on-going projects/schemes, in the interim
the mandate is decided to be undertaken
through Quality Council of India (QCI). A. Approach to Projects Delivery in
India
Project delivery method is defined as a
process by which the components of
design and construction, including the
roles and responsibilities, a sequence of
activities, cost of materials and
equipment, and labor are combined to
deliver a project. Conventionally,
infrastructure projects have been split up
into multiple separate work packages. A
work package is a group of related tasks
within a project, which can also be
defined as sub-projects within a larger
project.
Project delivery systems are defined by
the official involvement of
participants/contractors, level of
integration, and contractual relationships
between project parties. Some of the
project delivery systems widely used in
the conventional Indian approach are:
• Construction Management at Risk:
(Guaranteed Maximum Price / Open
Book Contract)
o A delivery method that entails a
commitment by the construction
manager to deliver the project
within a guaranteed maximum
price.
• Design-Build:
o The owner manages only one
contract with a single point of
responsibility.
o The designer and the contractor
work together, from the beginning
as a team to provide unified project
recommendations to fit the owner’s
schedule and budget.
• Design-Bid-Build:
o The owner selects and enters into a
contract with a design
professional/architect.
o The architect fully creates the
design and provides ‘bid
documents’ that are made available
to general contractors for
competitive bids.
o The contractor so appointed then
builds the project.
• Engineer-Procure-Construct (EPC):
o The Engineer and Construction
contractor will carry out the
detailed engineering design of the
project, procure all the equipment
and raw materials required and
then, will deliver a functioning
facility or asset to their client.
• Engineer-Procure-Construction
Management (EPCM):
o The EPCM contractor provides
engineering, procurement and
construction management services,
but the employer directly employs
construction contractors to build
the project. The EPCM contractor
usually manages the construction
contractors for the employer and is
9
CHAPTER I
PRESENT STATUS OF PROJECT DELIVERY IN INDIA
more like a professional consultant
than a contractor, providing design
and construction advice (rather
than building the project itself).
B. Key Issues of Conventional
Approach in India
A number of issues have been
encountered with the current methods of
project delivery across different sectors.
Some of the key challenges faced during
project delivery include uncertainties in
the land acquisition process and
regulatory approvals, lack of
comprehensive upfront planning and
risk management, and most importantly,
low maturity of project management
processes to adequately plan for such
factors. To counter this, significant
front-end efforts should be invested in
project pre-planning/initiation in order
to reduce uncertainties/ risk factors
during execution and enhance the
reliability on project budget and
schedule.
Other issues which hamper timely
completion of projects include, but are
not limited to, the non-availability of raw
materials, unavailability of skilled workers
(masons, carpenters, etc.), lack of water
and power supply, an incomplete supply
of drawings and frequent changes in
design. Due to the local issues and lack
of proper project planning and control,
the effective project delivery schedule
gets delayed creating an overall impact
on the economy.
One of the major issues faced in
implementation of urban infrastructure
projects includes the challenge of lack of
comprehensive planning and
management by different Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs), as well as lack of capacity
in local bodies.
In brief, poor project management costs
the Government in a number of ways,
including:
• Additional expenditure burden due to
increased costs, which crowds out
funding for more deserving projects,
• Creating a culture of acceptance of
delays and avoidable costs, which
causes more cases to occur,
• Economic burden due to delayed
return in investments,
• The increased cost of procurement
due to monetization of higher risks
perceived by contractors such as
delay and scope creep associated
with publicly funded projects.
It is a well-established fact that,
structured project management
practices would not only maximize the
limited resources and effectively respond
to changing project requirements but
also bring in skills such as project
scoping, planning, scheduling, risk
assessment, team building and quality
control for getting complex projects
completed with desired quality, on time
and within budget. A. Approach to Projects Delivery in
India
Project delivery method is defined as a
process by which the components of
design and construction, including the
roles and responsibilities, a sequence of
activities, cost of materials and
equipment, and labor are combined to
deliver a project. Conventionally,
infrastructure projects have been split up
into multiple separate work packages. A
work package is a group of related tasks
within a project, which can also be
defined as sub-projects within a larger
project.
Project delivery systems are defined by
the official involvement of
participants/contractors, level of
integration, and contractual relationships
between project parties. Some of the
project delivery systems widely used in
the conventional Indian approach are:
• Construction Management at Risk:
(Guaranteed Maximum Price / Open
Book Contract)
o A delivery method that entails a
commitment by the construction
manager to deliver the project
within a guaranteed maximum
price.
• Design-Build:
o The owner manages only one
contract with a single point of
responsibility.
o The designer and the contractor
work together, from the beginning
as a team to provide unified project
recommendations to fit the owner’s
schedule and budget.
• Design-Bid-Build:
o The owner selects and enters into a
contract with a design
professional/architect.
o The architect fully creates the
design and provides ‘bid
documents’ that are made available
to general contractors for
competitive bids.
o The contractor so appointed then
builds the project.
• Engineer-Procure-Construct (EPC):
o The Engineer and Construction
contractor will carry out the
detailed engineering design of the
project, procure all the equipment
and raw materials required and
then, will deliver a functioning
facility or asset to their client.
• Engineer-Procure-Construction
Management (EPCM):
o The EPCM contractor provides
engineering, procurement and
construction management services,
but the employer directly employs
construction contractors to build
the project. The EPCM contractor
usually manages the construction
contractors for the employer and is
more like a professional consultant
than a contractor, providing design
and construction advice (rather
than building the project itself).
B. Key Issues of Conventional
Approach in India
A number of issues have been
encountered with the current methods of
project delivery across different sectors.
Some of the key challenges faced during
project delivery include uncertainties in
the land acquisition process and
regulatory approvals, lack of
comprehensive upfront planning and
risk management, and most importantly,
low maturity of project management
processes to adequately plan for such
factors. To counter this, significant
front-end efforts should be invested in
project pre-planning/initiation in order
to reduce uncertainties/ risk factors
during execution and enhance the
reliability on project budget and
schedule.
Other issues which hamper timely
completion of projects include, but are
not limited to, the non-availability of raw
materials, unavailability of skilled workers
(masons, carpenters, etc.), lack of water
and power supply, an incomplete supply
of drawings and frequent changes in
design. Due to the local issues and lack
of proper project planning and control,
the effective project delivery schedule
gets delayed creating an overall impact
on the economy.
One of the major issues faced in
implementation of urban infrastructure
projects includes the challenge of lack of
comprehensive planning and
management by different Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs), as well as lack of capacity
in local bodies.
In brief, poor project management costs
the Government in a number of ways,
including:
• Additional expenditure burden due to
increased costs, which crowds out
funding for more deserving projects,
• Creating a culture of acceptance of
delays and avoidable costs, which
causes more cases to occur,
• Economic burden due to delayed
return in investments,
• The increased cost of procurement
due to monetization of higher risks
perceived by contractors such as
delay and scope creep associated
with publicly funded projects.
It is a well-established fact that,
structured project management
practices would not only maximize the
limited resources and effectively respond
to changing project requirements but
also bring in skills such as project
scoping, planning, scheduling, risk
assessment, team building and quality
control for getting complex projects
completed with desired quality, on time
and within budget.
10 The latest MOSPI Flash Report December
2018, containing information on the
status of 1424 Central Sector
Infrastructure Projects costing Rs. 150
crore and above, brings to light the
number of Project delays and cost
overrun amount, and the same is
alarming.
Cost overrun: Total original cost of
implementation of the 1424 projects was
Rs.18,17,469.76 crore and their
anticipated completion cost is likely to
be Rs. 21,33,649.81 crore, which reflects
an overall cost overrun of Rs. 3,16,180.05
crores (i.e. 17.40% of the original cost).
The expenditure incurred on these
projects until December 2018 is Rs.
8,06,997.78 crore, which is 37.82 % of the
anticipated cost of the projects.
Time overrun: During the reference
month, out of 1424 projects, 384 projects
are delayed with respect to their original
schedules and 69 projects have reported
additional delays vis-à-vis their date of
completion reported in the previous
month. Of these 69 projects, 16 are Mega
Projects costing Rs. 1000 crore and
above.
11
CHAPTER II
CHALLENGES IN THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION MODEL IN INDIA
Trends in Projects over the Last Five Years:
MOSPI – Project Implementation Overview –December 2018
No of Projects
700
600
500
400
300
20
100
0
317
282
123
5248 16 26
313
323
120
489
326
242
592
317
330
634
429
253
328
686
APR 2014
Ahead of ScheduleDelayed Without Commissioning DateOn Schedule
APR 2015 APR 2016 APR 2017 APR 2018 Dec 2018 (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
An overview of the best of the Global
Project Management Practices adopted by
various countries is given in Annexure A.
Adoption of ISO 21500:2012 needs to be
specified in the RFQ conditions while
inviting tenders. Moreover, it’s important
that Contracting firms involved in project
construction have qualified/ certified
project management professionals at the
time of commencement of works on
awarded contracts. Certifications offered
by globally recognized bodies (Annexure
C) besides proven experience in
delivering large scale programs, may be
specified in the contract conditions for
the key staff of the field project
organization of the contractor.
Accordingly, it is important to set up a
nodal body for continuous evaluation of
projects for which investment approvals
have been provided. The proposed body
can track and monitor the performance or
execution status of the projects and
suggest key action or decision points by
various authorities. This may also include
periodic review of the further investment
decision based on the project
performance till date. Project
management maturity assessment level of
organization need to be assessed
specifically keeping in view the working of
CPSUs.
This body can also critically appraise
project integration issues which require
multiple stakeholder involvement such as
Central Ministries, State Governments,
other quasi-government bodies etc. and
facilitate early resolution by highest level
escalation such as PMO/PMG.
The body should also focus on adoption
of Project / Program Management
practices since it is more critical to mega
projects as the level and importance of
stakeholder engagement is more complex
and requires a much higher level of skill
and capability. A case study of one such
mega complex project involving multiple
infrastructure projects within and various
stakeholders - Shendra Industrial Area, a
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project - is
discussed in Annexure B.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
It has been observed that the current
Project / Program models being followed
in India are not effective in ensuring timely
and within budget completion of projects.
In the preceding section, the key issues
arising due to the existing models
followed have been highlighted.
Insufficient attention, time and expertise
are invested in project design and
planning. The quality, experience and
competence of the Project Design and
Management Consultant selected to
prepare the Detailed Project Report (DPR)
needs to be properly ascertained. In
addition, the time spent initially on site
and market investigation, exploring
technology, finance and implementation
options, evaluating procurement options,
etc., would eventually save on costs and
time. Deep involvement of the project
organization (Organization sponsoring the
project) in the DPR preparation is a key
factor in project success.
Land acquisition and securing all statutory
clearances for the projects are critical
conditions precedent for the start of any
project. Any delay due to challenges
results in a delayed start, and more often
than not, delayed completion. As a
principle, no project contracts may be
awarded without possession of at least
90% contiguous land of the entire land and
the statutory clearances/NOCs for project
12
construction and operation. Several
organizations like NHAI (National Highway
Authority of India) have laid down policies
regarding the same. More importantly,
stakeholder management needs to be
strengthened for land acquisition and
other regulatory approvals.
Scope and Design creep are the other
causes widely stated for project delays.
Changes in scope or design midway or
even at the start cause time and cost
variations. It is therefore essential to
consider all options thoroughly and spend
time on designs exhaustively at the time
of DPR preparation. From experience with
mega infrastructure projects, locking
down the scope as one would really add
to cost because every change reopens
elements of the construction contract to
renegotiation. A program management
focus (Annexure E) recognizes that things
will be learned as an individual
construction project gets executed and
that those learnings should be
incorporated into the next phase of
construction projects. So instead of one
contract, there may be a master contract
and then subcontracts for each phase of
work. This would enable the government
to maintain more control and better
management of risks.
The quality of project and program
management team overseeing the projects
is also essential to regulate. The project/
program managers must be approved by
the project implementing agency, which in
turn will also evaluate and assess their
capability based on the requisite hard and
soft skills to deliver the project.
Proper communication channels between
the implementing agency and the
contractor must be established, through
weekly meetings between the two parties
where key issues and delays are
addressed. A healthy relationship
between the agency and the contractor is
beneficial, which can be achieved through
training and orientation of the staff before
the project begins.
ISO31000 standards on Enterprise Risk
Management can be introduced. The use
of established risk management
methodologies at regular intervals
enables identification of issues and risks
associated with the projects enabling
timely decision by the relevant
authorities. It is important to ensure
optimal sharing of risks between parties.
Timely completion of projects must be
incentivized to encourage the
establishment of a culture in which
effective project delivery occurs.
Moreover, weekly Project Management
meetings of owner or customer with the
consultants and contractors are the key
factor in ensuring effective
communications, timely detection of
critical issues and their resolution. This will
also help in preventing disputes.
Further, competencies and capability of
contracting firms involved in the
construction or development of projects
need to be strengthened for the timely
and on-budget completion of projects.
There is a need to ensure that contracting
firms adopt appropriate & global
management standards.
S. Sector Projects on Delayed Projects Additionally Additionally
No. the monitor w.r.t original delayed delayed
(No.) schedule (No.) during the Mega
month under Projects (No.)
report (No.)
1 Road Transport & Highways 605 112 19 2
2 Railways 367 94 8 3
3 Petroleum 137 33 16 4
4 Power 95 56 19 7
5 Coal 97 36 1 0
6 Urban Development 58 23 0 0
7 Steel 13 9 0 0
8 Health & Family Welfare 20 5 1 0
9 Telecommunications 6 4 3 0
10 Fertilizers 6 2 1 0
11 Shipping & Ports 6 3 0 0
12 Atomic Energy 4 4 0 0
13 Mines 5 0 1 0
14 Civil Aviation 1 1 0 0
15 Heavy Industry 2 1 0 0
16 Defense Production 2 1 0 0
Total 1424 384 69 16
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
An overview of the best of the Global
Project Management Practices adopted by
various countries is given in Annexure A.
Adoption of ISO 21500:2012 needs to be
specified in the RFQ conditions while
inviting tenders. Moreover, it’s important
that Contracting firms involved in project
construction have qualified/ certified
project management professionals at the
time of commencement of works on
awarded contracts. Certifications offered
by globally recognized bodies (Annexure
C) besides proven experience in
delivering large scale programs, may be
specified in the contract conditions for
the key staff of the field project
organization of the contractor.
Accordingly, it is important to set up a
nodal body for continuous evaluation of
projects for which investment approvals
have been provided. The proposed body
can track and monitor the performance or
execution status of the projects and
suggest key action or decision points by
various authorities. This may also include
periodic review of the further investment
decision based on the project
performance till date. Project
management maturity assessment level of
organization need to be assessed
specifically keeping in view the working of
CPSUs.
This body can also critically appraise
project integration issues which require
multiple stakeholder involvement such as
Central Ministries, State Governments,
other quasi-government bodies etc. and
facilitate early resolution by highest level
escalation such as PMO/PMG.
The body should also focus on adoption
of Project / Program Management
practices since it is more critical to mega
projects as the level and importance of
stakeholder engagement is more complex
and requires a much higher level of skill
and capability. A case study of one such
mega complex project involving multiple
infrastructure projects within and various
stakeholders - Shendra Industrial Area, a
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project - is
discussed in Annexure B.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
It has been observed that the current
Project / Program models being followed
in India are not effective in ensuring timely
and within budget completion of projects.
In the preceding section, the key issues
arising due to the existing models
followed have been highlighted.
Insufficient attention, time and expertise
are invested in project design and
planning. The quality, experience and
competence of the Project Design and
Management Consultant selected to
prepare the Detailed Project Report (DPR)
needs to be properly ascertained. In
addition, the time spent initially on site
and market investigation, exploring
technology, finance and implementation
options, evaluating procurement options,
etc., would eventually save on costs and
time. Deep involvement of the project
organization (Organization sponsoring the
project) in the DPR preparation is a key
factor in project success.
Land acquisition and securing all statutory
clearances for the projects are critical
conditions precedent for the start of any
project. Any delay due to challenges
results in a delayed start, and more often
than not, delayed completion. As a
principle, no project contracts may be
awarded without possession of at least
90% contiguous land of the entire land and
the statutory clearances/NOCs for project
construction and operation. Several
organizations like NHAI (National Highway
Authority of India) have laid down policies
regarding the same. More importantly,
stakeholder management needs to be
strengthened for land acquisition and
other regulatory approvals.
Scope and Design creep are the other
causes widely stated for project delays.
Changes in scope or design midway or
even at the start cause time and cost
variations. It is therefore essential to
consider all options thoroughly and spend
time on designs exhaustively at the time
of DPR preparation. From experience with
mega infrastructure projects, locking
down the scope as one would really add
to cost because every change reopens
elements of the construction contract to
renegotiation. A program management
focus (Annexure E) recognizes that things
will be learned as an individual
construction project gets executed and
that those learnings should be
incorporated into the next phase of
construction projects. So instead of one
contract, there may be a master contract
and then subcontracts for each phase of
work. This would enable the government
to maintain more control and better
management of risks.
The quality of project and program
management team overseeing the projects
is also essential to regulate. The project/
program managers must be approved by
the project implementing agency, which in
turn will also evaluate and assess their
capability based on the requisite hard and
soft skills to deliver the project.
Proper communication channels between
the implementing agency and the
contractor must be established, through
weekly meetings between the two parties
where key issues and delays are
addressed. A healthy relationship
between the agency and the contractor is
beneficial, which can be achieved through
training and orientation of the staff before
the project begins.
ISO31000 standards on Enterprise Risk
Management can be introduced. The use
of established risk management
methodologies at regular intervals
enables identification of issues and risks
associated with the projects enabling
timely decision by the relevant
authorities. It is important to ensure
optimal sharing of risks between parties.
Timely completion of projects must be
incentivized to encourage the
establishment of a culture in which
effective project delivery occurs.
Moreover, weekly Project Management
meetings of owner or customer with the
consultants and contractors are the key
factor in ensuring effective
communications, timely detection of
critical issues and their resolution. This will
also help in preventing disputes.
Further, competencies and capability of
contracting firms involved in the
construction or development of projects
need to be strengthened for the timely
and on-budget completion of projects.
There is a need to ensure that contracting
firms adopt appropriate & global
management standards.
13
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
An overview of the best of the Global
Project Management Practices adopted by
various countries is given in Annexure A.
Adoption of ISO 21500:2012 needs to be
specified in the RFQ conditions while
inviting tenders. Moreover, it’s important
that Contracting firms involved in project
construction have qualified/ certified
project management professionals at the
time of commencement of works on
awarded contracts. Certifications offered
by globally recognized bodies (Annexure
C) besides proven experience in
delivering large scale programs, may be
specified in the contract conditions for
the key staff of the field project
organization of the contractor.
Accordingly, it is important to set up a
nodal body for continuous evaluation of
projects for which investment approvals
have been provided. The proposed body
can track and monitor the performance or
execution status of the projects and
suggest key action or decision points by
various authorities. This may also include
periodic review of the further investment
decision based on the project
performance till date. Project
management maturity assessment level of
organization need to be assessed
specifically keeping in view the working of
CPSUs.
This body can also critically appraise
project integration issues which require
multiple stakeholder involvement such as
Central Ministries, State Governments,
other quasi-government bodies etc. and
facilitate early resolution by highest level
escalation such as PMO/PMG.
The body should also focus on adoption
of Project / Program Management
practices since it is more critical to mega
projects as the level and importance of
stakeholder engagement is more complex
and requires a much higher level of skill
and capability. A case study of one such
mega complex project involving multiple
infrastructure projects within and various
stakeholders - Shendra Industrial Area, a
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project - is
discussed in Annexure B.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
It has been observed that the current
Project / Program models being followed
in India are not effective in ensuring timely
and within budget completion of projects.
In the preceding section, the key issues
arising due to the existing models
followed have been highlighted.
Insufficient attention, time and expertise
are invested in project design and
planning. The quality, experience and
competence of the Project Design and
Management Consultant selected to
prepare the Detailed Project Report (DPR)
needs to be properly ascertained. In
addition, the time spent initially on site
and market investigation, exploring
technology, finance and implementation
options, evaluating procurement options,
etc., would eventually save on costs and
time. Deep involvement of the project
organization (Organization sponsoring the
project) in the DPR preparation is a key
factor in project success.
Land acquisition and securing all statutory
clearances for the projects are critical
conditions precedent for the start of any
project. Any delay due to challenges
results in a delayed start, and more often
than not, delayed completion. As a
principle, no project contracts may be
awarded without possession of at least
90% contiguous land of the entire land and
the statutory clearances/NOCs for project
construction and operation. Several
organizations like NHAI (National Highway
Authority of India) have laid down policies
regarding the same. More importantly,
stakeholder management needs to be
strengthened for land acquisition and
other regulatory approvals.
Scope and Design creep are the other
causes widely stated for project delays.
Changes in scope or design midway or
even at the start cause time and cost
variations. It is therefore essential to
consider all options thoroughly and spend
time on designs exhaustively at the time
of DPR preparation. From experience with
mega infrastructure projects, locking
down the scope as one would really add
to cost because every change reopens
elements of the construction contract to
renegotiation. A program management
focus (Annexure E) recognizes that things
will be learned as an individual
construction project gets executed and
that those learnings should be
incorporated into the next phase of
construction projects. So instead of one
contract, there may be a master contract
and then subcontracts for each phase of
work. This would enable the government
to maintain more control and better
management of risks.
The quality of project and program
management team overseeing the projects
is also essential to regulate. The project/
program managers must be approved by
the project implementing agency, which in
turn will also evaluate and assess their
capability based on the requisite hard and
soft skills to deliver the project.
Proper communication channels between
the implementing agency and the
contractor must be established, through
weekly meetings between the two parties
where key issues and delays are
addressed. A healthy relationship
between the agency and the contractor is
beneficial, which can be achieved through
training and orientation of the staff before
the project begins.
ISO31000 standards on Enterprise Risk
Management can be introduced. The use
of established risk management
methodologies at regular intervals
enables identification of issues and risks
associated with the projects enabling
timely decision by the relevant
authorities. It is important to ensure
optimal sharing of risks between parties.
Timely completion of projects must be
incentivized to encourage the
establishment of a culture in which
effective project delivery occurs.
Moreover, weekly Project Management
meetings of owner or customer with the
consultants and contractors are the key
factor in ensuring effective
communications, timely detection of
critical issues and their resolution. This will
also help in preventing disputes.
Further, competencies and capability of
contracting firms involved in the
construction or development of projects
need to be strengthened for the timely
and on-budget completion of projects.
There is a need to ensure that contracting
firms adopt appropriate & global
management standards.
Box 1: What is Project
Management?
A project is universally known as a
temporary endeavor undertaken to create a
unique product, service or result. A project
is unique in the way that it is not a routine
operation, but a specific set of activities
designed to accomplish a singular goal.
Project word is derived from the Latin word
‘Projectum' implying ‘to throw something
forward'. Projects are undertaken therefore
to build a future by undertaking the creation
of soft and hard assets.
Project management is the application of
knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to
project activities to meet the project
requirements. It has always been practiced
informally but began to emerge as a distinct
profession in the mid-20th century. Project
Management is recognized as a
methodology that bridges the gap between
the organization's strategic initiative and its
implementation. Since time immemorial it
has defined itself as a proven methodology/
approach that has invariably resulted in
productive delivery of a project/program.
14
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
Strengthening Project Management
oversight and Monitoring Framework
In a major move to support on-time and
within budget delivery of all the
large-scale infrastructure projects in the
country, the Cabinet Secretariat vide
letter dated 3rd February 2016 has
directed all Departments to update
information pertaining to central sector
infrastructure projects costing Rs. 150
crores and above on the Online
Computerized Monitoring System
(OCMS) of MOSPI. In addition, the Project
Monitoring Division and Program
Implementation Wing in MOSPI provide
management services by providing the
latest information on the implementation
of projects/ programs and performance
of those infrastructure projects. It also
brings out periodical reports, review
notes highlighting deficiencies and
action areas facilitating the
administrative ministries and project
authority concerned in timely
implementation of projects and
programs and provides a control
mechanism to arrest delays in
implementation.
On the other hand, the eSuvidha-Project
Management System (ePMS)
administered by Project Monitoring
Group (PMG) requires the maintenance of
a database of mega projects (costing Rs.
1000 crore and above) of the public and
private sector. The portal focuses on
resolution of bottlenecks/issues in the
implementation of the projects.
The above two platforms focus on
project monitoring mechanism and are
complementary to each other.
Programme Implementation Wing
(Prime Minister’s Office, GOI): Pro-Active
Governance and Timely Implementation -
PRAGATI - an ambitious multi-purpose
and multi-modal platform introduced by
the GOI in 2015 that is suitable for
simultaneously monitoring and reviewing
important programs and projects of the
Central Government as well as projects
flagged by State Governments. A built-in
feature of PRAGATI is that directions will
remain in the system for further follow-up
and review until the finality of the matter.
The PRAGATI platform bundles three
technologies: Digital data management,
video-conferencing and geospatial
technology. With this, the Prime Minister
is able to discuss the issues with the
concerned Central and State officials
with full information and latest visuals of
the ground level situation. It is an
innovative e-governance implementation.
The key features of the PRAGATI
application takes into consideration the
issues ranging from Public Grievances,
on-going programs to pending projects.
It also takes into consideration various
correspondences to PM’s office from the
common people or from high dignitaries
of States and/or developers of public
projects. Every project or issue taken up
at PRAGATI meetings comes with a
deadline, which government agencies
have to adhere to.
Simultaneously, many states have set up
infrastructure departments, paving the
way for speedy project implementation.
Project-specific structures as
Empowered Committees (EC) or
High-Powered Committees (HPC) have
15
helped accelerate the implementation of
specific projects. The government of
India may write to all States to set up a
SCoS/HPC/EC for projects above Rs.500
crores to:
• Set overall targets (limits) for cost and
time overruns.
• Debottleneck and accelerate project
implementation
• Coordinate with GOI and implementing
agencies to resolve PM issues
• Review cost and times overruns.
• Defining processes at State level for
project related clearances &
monitoring clearances
• Mentoring of State Government
agencies for improving project
management processes and dealing
with exceptions.
• Improve contract agreements and
management, including effective
dispute resolution.
MOSPI, PMO/PMG and PRAGATI platform
have different activities of project
management and monitoring. The tools
adopted are more of MIS / escalation
management. It is important that the
Project Management Information System
(PMIS) be used by the implementing
agencies and in turn integrated with
OCMS to provide near real-time
information related to the project. More
importantly, for effective tracking and
monitoring of key public projects, there
should be a single cell at the national
level.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the Strengthening Project Management
oversight and Monitoring Framework
In a major move to support on-time and
within budget delivery of all the
large-scale infrastructure projects in the
country, the Cabinet Secretariat vide
letter dated 3rd February 2016 has
directed all Departments to update
information pertaining to central sector
infrastructure projects costing Rs. 150
crores and above on the Online
Computerized Monitoring System
(OCMS) of MOSPI. In addition, the Project
Monitoring Division and Program
Implementation Wing in MOSPI provide
management services by providing the
latest information on the implementation
of projects/ programs and performance
of those infrastructure projects. It also
brings out periodical reports, review
notes highlighting deficiencies and
action areas facilitating the
administrative ministries and project
authority concerned in timely
implementation of projects and
programs and provides a control
mechanism to arrest delays in
implementation.
On the other hand, the eSuvidha-Project
Management System (ePMS)
administered by Project Monitoring
Group (PMG) requires the maintenance of
a database of mega projects (costing Rs.
1000 crore and above) of the public and
private sector. The portal focuses on
resolution of bottlenecks/issues in the
implementation of the projects.
The above two platforms focus on
project monitoring mechanism and are
complementary to each other.
Programme Implementation Wing
(Prime Minister’s Office, GOI): Pro-Active
Governance and Timely Implementation -
PRAGATI - an ambitious multi-purpose
and multi-modal platform introduced by
the GOI in 2015 that is suitable for
simultaneously monitoring and reviewing
important programs and projects of the
Central Government as well as projects
flagged by State Governments. A built-in
feature of PRAGATI is that directions will
remain in the system for further follow-up
and review until the finality of the matter.
The PRAGATI platform bundles three
technologies: Digital data management,
video-conferencing and geospatial
technology. With this, the Prime Minister
is able to discuss the issues with the
concerned Central and State officials
with full information and latest visuals of
the ground level situation. It is an
innovative e-governance implementation.
The key features of the PRAGATI
application takes into consideration the
issues ranging from Public Grievances,
on-going programs to pending projects.
It also takes into consideration various
correspondences to PM’s office from the
common people or from high dignitaries
of States and/or developers of public
projects. Every project or issue taken up
at PRAGATI meetings comes with a
deadline, which government agencies
have to adhere to.
Simultaneously, many states have set up
infrastructure departments, paving the
way for speedy project implementation.
Project-specific structures as
Empowered Committees (EC) or
High-Powered Committees (HPC) have
helped accelerate the implementation of
specific projects. The government of
India may write to all States to set up a
SCoS/HPC/EC for projects above Rs.500
crores to:
• Set overall targets (limits) for cost and
time overruns.
• Debottleneck and accelerate project
implementation
• Coordinate with GOI and implementing
agencies to resolve PM issues
• Review cost and times overruns.
• Defining processes at State level for
project related clearances &
monitoring clearances
• Mentoring of State Government
agencies for improving project
management processes and dealing
with exceptions.
• Improve contract agreements and
management, including effective
dispute resolution.
MOSPI, PMO/PMG and PRAGATI platform
have different activities of project
management and monitoring. The tools
adopted are more of MIS / escalation
management. It is important that the
Project Management Information System
(PMIS) be used by the implementing
agencies and in turn integrated with
OCMS to provide near real-time
information related to the project. More
importantly, for effective tracking and
monitoring of key public projects, there
should be a single cell at the national
level.
16
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
17
CHAPTER III
THE FRAMEWORK PROPOSED BY THE TASKFORCE
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
18
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
19
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
20
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
21
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
22
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
23 1
(NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
24
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
25
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
26
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries.
27 A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
ANNEXURE A
GLOBAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
28
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). 29
A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). 30
A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). 31
A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). Under the DMIC Project, "Greenfield
Industrial Smart Cities" matching global
standards have been conceived to be
developed, and currently, four such cities
are being implemented. These cities are
the outcome of various infrastructure
projects across different sectors like the
creation of trunk infrastructure,
expressways, airports, logistics hubs, etc.
The nature of these mega projects is
quite complex in terms of managing a
variety of stakeholders, contractors,
construction activities and day-to-day
scheduling & planning, etc. The projects
require a high level of resource efficiency,
manpower, skills and greater
coordination amongst all concerned. To
ensure day-to-day monitoring and
resource planning, etc. for effective
project delivery so as to avoid the
inordinate time and cost overruns,
Program Management Consultants
(PMCs) have been engaged.
The Program Managers work in an
integrated manner entwining all the
projects and sub-projects envisaged in
the whole program. These PMCs are now
acting as an extended arm of the SPVs
created to manage these cities. Apart
from providing technical capacity to
manage and monitor the day-to-day
complex activities in these mega
projects, the PMCs bring in best of
world-class technologies and standards
in the development strategy of the
industrial cities.
The PMCs act as an in-house core
technical team in the SPVs to effectively
plan and monitor all required activities in
the delivery of the project right from
conceiving the project to
implementation and final allotment &
monitoring. The PMCs constitute a team
of technical experts ranging from
engineers, schedulers, planners,
architects, etc. headed by a Project
Manager. The technical team also is
equipped with Project Managers in
different sectors for effective
management of separate complex
projects like for e.g. EPC contract for
construction of roads, services & utilities,
Water Treatment Plant (WTP), Sewerage
Treatment Plant (STP), etc.
Owing to the highly complex nature of
such projects, the “Hybrid Model” of
Project Management is usually followed
wherein the traditional approach is
formalized through a technologically
driven & more agile management
practice.
ANNEXURE B
SHENDRA INDUSTRIAL AREA GREENFIELD INDUSTRIAL SMART CITY
PROJECT: A CASE STUDY
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
32 The Shendra Bidkin Industrial Area is
located southeast of the city of
Aurangabad with connectivity from
SH-148 (Paithan Road), SH-178 (Jalna
Road), and National Highway (NH) 211.
The delineated land spreads over 25
villages in Aurangabad and Paithan
tehsils.
Project Components:
• Roads and Utility Services;
• Rail Over Bridges (ROBs);
• Sewage Treatment Plant (STP),
Common Effluent Treatment Plant
(CETP) and Solid Waste Management
(SWM);
• District Administrative Building (DAB)
for SBIA; and
• Area Landscaping for Phase-I of SBIA.
In the Case of development &
SHENDRA INDUSTRIAL AREA PROJECT AT A GLANCE:
Total Area
84 sq.km
Total area in Phase-1
40.0 sq.km
Target Population
0.5 Million
Total Approved Project Cost for Shendra IA -
1533.45 INR crore
Target Employment
0.75 Million
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
33 34
The Shendra Bidkin Industrial Area is
located southeast of the city of
Aurangabad with connectivity from
SH-148 (Paithan Road), SH-178 (Jalna
Road), and National Highway (NH) 211.
The delineated land spreads over 25
villages in Aurangabad and Paithan
tehsils.
Project Components:
• Roads and Utility Services;
• Rail Over Bridges (ROBs);
• Sewage Treatment Plant (STP),
Common Effluent Treatment Plant
(CETP) and Solid Waste Management
(SWM);
• District Administrative Building (DAB)
for SBIA; and
• Area Landscaping for Phase-I of SBIA.
In the Case of development &
implementation of Shendra Industrial
Area (SIA), Aurangabad in Maharashtra
under DMIC Project, the Program
Managers have been able to achieve
timely delivery of city infrastructure
works under the contractual period
without cost overruns. The PMC has
set an exemplary case ensuring the
best standards & practices which can
be set as a benchmark for future
projects. The allotment of land has
already started in Shendra Industrial
Area, where 45 plots have been
allotted to different industries. Some
of the salient Project Management
Practices followed are as given below:
• The key stakeholders on the project
were identified early and the vision
and end goal that was mutually
established followed by the vision
implementation plan. This was made
binding on all. A 100-day
implementation plan was developed
which set the way forward;
• Identified key staff from the PMC team
and held workshops to explain the
vision and goal. Then individual
assignments were given to all the
concerned;
• Majority of projects fail due to lack of
project planning and not aligning the
schedule and budget with vision. The
team in Shendra-Bidkin Industrial Area
spent 3 months in planning and
developing an implementation
schedule. The whole planning and
preliminary design work took almost
11 months resulting in the
implementation to be completed
within 24 months which normally
would have taken 40 months to
complete. The result was that the
project was completed within the
budget and with no additional change
orders;
• The critical path was determined early
during the planning stage, and
measures were taken which gave the
float for utilities and allowed the
contractor to work on multiple fronts;
• Document control system i.e. MIS was
implemented from day one for all the
projects and tracking was done live;
• Chattering sessions (Workshops) were
held with the contractors for design
and implementation so that both
teams know each other’s expectations
and how to work together as one
team;
• Usage of advanced software’s like GIS
& BIM eliminated the need to rework
on utility connections at the allotment
stage.
• Safety factors: From the day the
contractor came onboard safety was
emphasized and the monitoring and
implementation started. A lot of
educational materials were provided
to the workers on Safety and all the
meetings started with a safety note.
Incentives were given for the best
safety performance to the
workers/contractors. The Motto of
"Beyond Zero" was made as a slogan
for the project.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). ANNEXURE C
GLOBAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
35 36
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 37
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
ANNEXURE D
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION MODEL UNDER THE DMIC PROJECT
The contractual structure for DMIC
Project has been finalized after
exhaustive deliberations amongst and
due consideration of the concerns and
suggestions put forth by the
stakeholders. The transaction
documents, the roles and responsibilities
of the Parties hereto and the mitigation
measures incorporated in the transaction
documents to address potential issues
have been provided as below:
The contractual structure for the DMIC
Project envisages the fundamental
involvement of the following three
entities:
• The government of India represented
by the DMIC Trust.
• State Government represented by the
relevant Nodal Agency for the
respective State.
• The SPV (already incorporated or to be
incorporated at the time of execution)
with equal shareholding by NICDIT
(National Industrial Corridor
Development & Implementation Trust)
and the Nodal Agency.
Shareholders Agreement (“SHA”)
The SHA includes the covenants
governing the relationship between the
State Government and NICDIT in their
capacity as the shareholders in the SPV.
Rights and liabilities of each of the
parties have been provided in the SHA
along with the equity structure and the
mechanism of procuring such equity in
the SPV. The procedure for decision
making at the meeting of the Board of
Directors and the general meeting has
been substantially detailed.
State Support Agreement (“SSA”)
The State Government has a crucial role
in the DMIC Project. State Governments
have been accorded expansive powers
under various State legislation, which
need to be assigned to the SPV in order
to ensure functional autonomy of the
SPV. The Parties endeavor to achieve the
above-stated objective by means of an
SSA, whereby the State Government
undertakes, inter alia, to:
• Delegate the relevant powers and
functions under various State
legislation;
• Not act in a manner that may be
detrimental to the implementation of
the DMIC Project; and
• Accord its full support and assistance
in obtaining the various approvals,
permits, exemptions etc. as may be
required by the SPV for the
implementation of the project.
DMIC Project is a large-scale project and
requires a contractual framework that
ensures a balance of risks between the
Union Government and the State
Government. DMICDC being the nodal
agency to spearhead the development of
the DMIC Project & other Industrial
Corridor Projects and whose functions
include but are not limited to acting as
the project development partner and
knowledge partner for the project. The
process of activities being undertaken for
the development of industrial corridor
projects is given below:
Step 1: Preparation of the Perspective
Plan for the overall Industrial
Corridor Region
Step 2: Identification of suitable sites by
the State Government which can
be developed as the Investment
Region/ Industrial Area under
said Industrial Corridor
Step 3: Preparation of Concept Master
Plan and Development Plan of
the identified nodes
Step 4: Preparation of Feasibility Studies
for Early Bird Projects identified
in consultation with the State
Government and preparation of
pre-feasibility studies for the
identified projects
Step 5: Preparation of Information and
Communication Technology
(ICT)/ Digital Master Planning for
the Nodes
Step 6: Seeking Environment clearance
for the Nodes
Step 7: Identification of Trunk
infrastructure packages and
preparation of detailed designs
for Trunk infrastructure like
internal roads, drinking water
management, sewage, drainage,
power, solid waste
management, laying down of
ICT layer
Step 8: Finalization of the Regulatory
and Institutional Framework
Step 9: Execution of SHA and SSA
Step 10: Incorporation of Node/ city level
SPV or Incorporation of project
SPVs.
Step 11: Detailed engineering of Trunk
Infrastructure
Step 12: Implementation of trunk
infrastructure. Allotment of
developed land
Step 13: Structuring of projects to be bid
out under PPP
Step 14: Bidding of PPP projects
Step 15: Replication of implementation
model for the development of
future phases
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
38
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 39
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
The contractual structure for DMIC
Project has been finalized after
exhaustive deliberations amongst and
due consideration of the concerns and
suggestions put forth by the
stakeholders. The transaction
documents, the roles and responsibilities
of the Parties hereto and the mitigation
measures incorporated in the transaction
documents to address potential issues
have been provided as below:
The contractual structure for the DMIC
Project envisages the fundamental
involvement of the following three
entities:
• The government of India represented
by the DMIC Trust.
• State Government represented by the
relevant Nodal Agency for the
respective State.
• The SPV (already incorporated or to be
incorporated at the time of execution)
with equal shareholding by NICDIT
(National Industrial Corridor
Development & Implementation Trust)
and the Nodal Agency.
Shareholders Agreement (“SHA”)
The SHA includes the covenants
governing the relationship between the
State Government and NICDIT in their
capacity as the shareholders in the SPV.
Rights and liabilities of each of the
parties have been provided in the SHA
along with the equity structure and the
mechanism of procuring such equity in
the SPV. The procedure for decision
making at the meeting of the Board of
Directors and the general meeting has
been substantially detailed.
State Support Agreement (“SSA”)
The State Government has a crucial role
in the DMIC Project. State Governments
have been accorded expansive powers
under various State legislation, which
need to be assigned to the SPV in order
to ensure functional autonomy of the
SPV. The Parties endeavor to achieve the
above-stated objective by means of an
SSA, whereby the State Government
undertakes, inter alia, to:
• Delegate the relevant powers and
functions under various State
legislation;
• Not act in a manner that may be
detrimental to the implementation of
the DMIC Project; and
• Accord its full support and assistance
in obtaining the various approvals,
permits, exemptions etc. as may be
required by the SPV for the
implementation of the project.
DMIC Project is a large-scale project and
requires a contractual framework that
ensures a balance of risks between the
Union Government and the State
Government. DMICDC being the nodal
agency to spearhead the development of
the DMIC Project & other Industrial
Corridor Projects and whose functions
include but are not limited to acting as
the project development partner and
knowledge partner for the project. The
process of activities being undertaken for
the development of industrial corridor
projects is given below:
Step 1: Preparation of the Perspective
Plan for the overall Industrial
Corridor Region
Step 2: Identification of suitable sites by
the State Government which can
be developed as the Investment
Region/ Industrial Area under
said Industrial Corridor
Step 3: Preparation of Concept Master
Plan and Development Plan of
the identified nodes
Step 4: Preparation of Feasibility Studies
for Early Bird Projects identified
in consultation with the State
Government and preparation of
pre-feasibility studies for the
identified projects
Step 5: Preparation of Information and
Communication Technology
(ICT)/ Digital Master Planning for
the Nodes
Step 6: Seeking Environment clearance
for the Nodes
Step 7: Identification of Trunk
infrastructure packages and
preparation of detailed designs
for Trunk infrastructure like
internal roads, drinking water
management, sewage, drainage,
power, solid waste
management, laying down of
ICT layer
Step 8: Finalization of the Regulatory
and Institutional Framework
Step 9: Execution of SHA and SSA
Step 10: Incorporation of Node/ city level
SPV or Incorporation of project
SPVs.
Step 11: Detailed engineering of Trunk
Infrastructure
Step 12: Implementation of trunk
infrastructure. Allotment of
developed land
Step 13: Structuring of projects to be bid
out under PPP
Step 14: Bidding of PPP projects
Step 15: Replication of implementation
model for the development of
future phases
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Box 2: Key takeaways from the
DMIC model
• The Waterfall methodology has been
utilized for the execution of projects with
preference to PPP (BOT), PPP (Annuity)
followed by EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey
basis. All the contracts have been based
on FIDIC guidelines and ensured that the
robust two-stage bidding process was
adopted, which comprised of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereafter obtained the
most competitive financial proposal from
the shortlisted bidders. The bidder
pre-qualification criteria have been set
to ensure that Best Available Technology
(BAT) is employed in any project. During
the execution, sufficient scope for
incorporation of innovation during
detailed engineering stages has been
defined within the constraints of already
set KPIs and Basic Design.
• The Project Management Consultant
(PMC) reviews the detailed designs of
the consultants and contractors
engaged in parallel, meanwhile being
vetted by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The review
and comments were provided within a
defined timeline of (15) days and were
limited to compliance with the
specifications and standards provided in
the bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design was held with the contractor
irrespective of whether the Authority has
reviewed the same or not.
• Payments to the contractors/
consultants were milestone based
starting with the completion of a stage
of construction work with no payment
for the supply of equipment. Early
achievements of key targets were
incentivized while delays or
non-performance of KPIs were penalized
as set forth contractually.
• The minimum defect liability period has
been set to 2 years and O&M services of
3 years in all the infrastructure projects,
with an option to sell out the project
with O&M to competitive bidder after a
period of 1 year.
40
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Box 3: What is Program
Management?
A program is defined as related projects,
subsidiary programs, and program activities
managed in a coordinated manner to
obtain benefits not available from
managing them individually.
Program management is the application of
knowledge, skills and principles to a
program to achieve the program objectives
and to obtain benefits and control not
available by managing program
components individually. It should be noted
that this focus on benefits and recognition
that a higher level of controls is needed to
manage risk is one of the key distinctions
between projects and programs. It is the
disciplined, systematic orchestration of
human resources, time, money and
information to plan, design, construct, and
deliver a collection of projects in a
coordinated way, to obtain benefits for the
owner not available if these projects were
managed separately.
Program Management uses well defined
and proven business and project delivery
processes and tools to achieve the overall
mission objectives within specified time
and budget constraints.
Program Management is typically applied
when the identified mission involves a
significant expenditure of resources,
involves the integration of disparate
activities (for e.g., a total of 9 different
disciplines have to be integrated during
city building), requires achievement of
extraordinary objectives and has
demanding constraints on schedule,
budget, quality or service.
ANNEXURE E
BENEFITS OF A PROGRAM MANAGEMENT APPROACH
41
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
The rigorous application of the proven
processes and tools of Program
Management have allowed Owners to
exercise a greater level of control over
complex and inter-related sets of
projects and activities that span many
years. This control allows the
coordinated management of risks and
change as the delivery details are
implemented. It also results in a "no
surprises" delivery as project objectives
are effectively and efficiently achieved.
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 42
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 43
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 44
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Box 4: Program Manager Vs
Project Manager.
A program manager manages a program,
multiple projects and sometimes multiple
programs while a project manager
manages the teams responsible for
fulfilling the project and achieving its
deliverables.
45
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
Program Management principles for
success
(i) Investment in Planning: Investing
heavily during the planning and
design stage will reduce the time and
cost incurred, as it reduces the
number of unforeseen setbacks that
may occur and lowers the probability
of design errors.
(ii) Prioritizing delivering a Project on
time: Adhering to the timeline
defined for a project should be a
priority by aligning the right people,
resources, and schedules.
(iii) Accountability: The contractor should
be held accountable for the quality of
the services they provide irrespective
of the quantum & magnitude.
(iv) Rewarding Superior Performance:
Delivering a high-quality project
should be incentivized.
(v) Education in Project / Program
Management: Human resources at
both levels including the contractor
and client should be adequately
skilled and globally certified.
(vi) Efficiency: Communication is
essential to ensure that effective and
timely decisions are made regarding
a project. It is very important to
ensure continuous communication
with stakeholders to understand their
needs and expectations.
(vii) Effective Governance: The successful
implementation of a Project/ Program
needs effective horizontal and vertical
coordination between various
institutions that are involved in the
project.
(viii) Capacity Building: Right people with
the right skillset are essentially
required for making any program a
success. Accordingly, it is essential to
strengthen project and program
management competency and
capability at all levels.
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives.
FIDIC
LEADERSHIP
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT STAKE HOLDER SCHEDULE
MANAGEMENT QUALITY PROJECT
MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT RISK
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON
PROJECT & PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 1
Constitution of the Task Force 3
Executive Summary 5
Chapter I: Present status of project delivery in India 9
Chapter II: Challenges in the Project Implementation Model in India 11
Chapter III: The framework proposed by the Task-Force 17
Chapter IV: Conclusion 24
Annexure A: Global Project Management Practices 28
Annexure B: Shendra Industrial Area - 32
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project: A Case Study
Annexure C: Global Project Management Institutions 35
Annexure D: Program Implementation Model under the DMIC Project 38
Annexure E: Benefits of a Program Management Approach 41 Program management is strategic in nature, while project management is tactical in nature.
Program management focuses on achievement of the intended strategic economic objectives
through the coordination of multiple projects. Project management in contrast focuses on the tactics
of planning and execution of the work output. Program management is entirely cross-functional,
while project management focuses on a single function or limited cross-functional alignment at best.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. Project management, on the other hand is focussed more on accomplishment of
deliverables, milestones and tasks from a single project.
Facilitating cross-learning is one of the major benefits of program management approach.
Experiences in dealing with risks and lessons learnt are well communicated across the spectrum of
projects in a program through networks, share points, staff etc. This approach allows reducing the
costs and delays related to dealing with risks and issues since these will be repeatedly dealt with
across all the projects within a program as well as adopting best practices.
The Government of India has been working towards de-bottlenecking infrastructure projects
through numerous initiatives and NITI Aayog has also been advocating various guidelines for
improving the performance of infrastructure projects. In line with these initiatives, NITI Aayog had
constituted the Task Force on Project Management with an objective to lay down a plan of action
advocating short-term and long-term strategies for improving project and Program management
practices and aligning it with the global best practices.
Accordingly, the recommendations from the Task Force have clearly highlighted the need to
develop a national policy framework for project and program management, with emphasis on
strengthening the government’s ability to effectively manage its portfolio of projects and programs.
The Task Force recommendations underline the need for more efficiency and transparency in
procurement and enabling public-private investments through appropriate risk sharing, investing
more efforts at pre-planning stage, augmenting organizational skillsets, improving stakeholder
management, leveraging technology and establishing robust project governance. Furthermore, it is
important that Project Management discipline is introduced in the curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical courses in order to prepare young students to be “Industry Ready”.
I sincerely hope that this report would be useful not only for Public Sector bodies, PSE
officials and all key stakeholders in the infrastructure fraternity but also academics and industry
interested in the subject. While this report sets a starting base for corrective actions, given the
investments at stake, it is imperative to maintain continuity in reviewing the projects and set a
governance framework for institutionalisation of Project and Program management discipline within
the functioning of nodal agencies/ ministries for continuous improvement.
Dated- 14-06-2019
Place- New Delhi
FOREWORD
As India marches ahead in its quest to become a global economic powerhouse, there is a felt
need for a paradigm shift in our approach towards the existing industrial ecosystem. As per the
Economic Survey 2017-18, India will require investments of around $4.5 trillion by 2040 to develop
the infrastructure for sustaining its economic growth.
Infrastructure development has always been a challenge due to a multitude of issues which
impact these projects. Each project is unique and needs a structured approach to manage its
complexity. Therefore, it is high time to realise and appreciate the fact that the need of the hour is a
coherent execution approach that forms a crucial link between the portfolios of projects and their
component strategic disciplines.
The major problem is successfully dealing with the multiplicity of issues that obstruct the
smooth execution of the project, namely- cost over-run, time over-run, environmental clearances,
land acquisition, regulatory approvals and the like. This problem arises due to the fact that individual
project managers are working independently on different verticals with lack of interdisciplinary
coordination. This need for visibility and control over several projects simultaneously is where
program management comes into focus.
At such a high level where economic transformation of an entire industrial ecosystem is
involved, the executing authorities need individual projects to come together seamlessly and
integrate with each other in order to provide the required economic transformation within the desired
timescale.
Mega projects are complex and the technologies and management approaches involved are
continuously evolving to adapt to the changing needs of the economy. In order to achieve the
required economic progress, numerous inter-connected large-scale projects involving multifarious
disciplines need to be developed and executed in parallel. The major issues involved include
efficient resource allocation across these projects and ensuring that collectively these projects will
provide the desired economic outcomes.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. It is entirely cross-functional in its approach, managing across the various
disciplines of constituent projects such as engineering, designing, planning, procurement,
construction and finance as well as various components like power, water, highways, waste
management, telecommunication, multi-use development etc.
Amitabh Kant
Chief Executive OfficerGovernment of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street,
New Delhi-110001
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद माग�,
नई िदलली - 110001
अिमताभ कांत
मुख़य काय�कारी अिधकारी Program management is strategic in nature, while project management is tactical in nature.
Program management focuses on achievement of the intended strategic economic objectives
through the coordination of multiple projects. Project management in contrast focuses on the tactics
of planning and execution of the work output. Program management is entirely cross-functional,
while project management focuses on a single function or limited cross-functional alignment at best.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. Project management, on the other hand is focussed more on accomplishment of
deliverables, milestones and tasks from a single project.
Facilitating cross-learning is one of the major benefits of program management approach.
Experiences in dealing with risks and lessons learnt are well communicated across the spectrum of
projects in a program through networks, share points, staff etc. This approach allows reducing the
costs and delays related to dealing with risks and issues since these will be repeatedly dealt with
across all the projects within a program as well as adopting best practices.
The Government of India has been working towards de-bottlenecking infrastructure projects
through numerous initiatives and NITI Aayog has also been advocating various guidelines for
improving the performance of infrastructure projects. In line with these initiatives, NITI Aayog had
constituted the Task Force on Project Management with an objective to lay down a plan of action
advocating short-term and long-term strategies for improving project and Program management
practices and aligning it with the global best practices.
Accordingly, the recommendations from the Task Force have clearly highlighted the need to
develop a national policy framework for project and program management, with emphasis on
strengthening the government’s ability to effectively manage its portfolio of projects and programs.
The Task Force recommendations underline the need for more efficiency and transparency in
procurement and enabling public-private investments through appropriate risk sharing, investing
more efforts at pre-planning stage, augmenting organizational skillsets, improving stakeholder
management, leveraging technology and establishing robust project governance. Furthermore, it is
important that Project Management discipline is introduced in the curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical courses in order to prepare young students to be “Industry Ready”.
I sincerely hope that this report would be useful not only for Public Sector bodies, PSE
officials and all key stakeholders in the infrastructure fraternity but also academics and industry
interested in the subject. While this report sets a starting base for corrective actions, given the
investments at stake, it is imperative to maintain continuity in reviewing the projects and set a
governance framework for institutionalisation of Project and Program management discipline within
the functioning of nodal agencies/ ministries for continuous improvement.
Dated- 14-06-2019
Place- New Delhi(Amitabh Kant)
FOREWORD
As India marches ahead in its quest to become a global economic powerhouse, there is a felt
need for a paradigm shift in our approach towards the existing industrial ecosystem. As per the
Economic Survey 2017-18, India will require investments of around $4.5 trillion by 2040 to develop
the infrastructure for sustaining its economic growth.
Infrastructure development has always been a challenge due to a multitude of issues which
impact these projects. Each project is unique and needs a structured approach to manage its
complexity. Therefore, it is high time to realise and appreciate the fact that the need of the hour is a
coherent execution approach that forms a crucial link between the portfolios of projects and their
component strategic disciplines.
The major problem is successfully dealing with the multiplicity of issues that obstruct the
smooth execution of the project, namely- cost over-run, time over-run, environmental clearances,
land acquisition, regulatory approvals and the like. This problem arises due to the fact that individual
project managers are working independently on different verticals with lack of interdisciplinary
coordination. This need for visibility and control over several projects simultaneously is where
program management comes into focus.
At such a high level where economic transformation of an entire industrial ecosystem is
involved, the executing authorities need individual projects to come together seamlessly and
integrate with each other in order to provide the required economic transformation within the desired
timescale.
Mega projects are complex and the technologies and management approaches involved are
continuously evolving to adapt to the changing needs of the economy. In order to achieve the
required economic progress, numerous inter-connected large-scale projects involving multifarious
disciplines need to be developed and executed in parallel. The major issues involved include
efficient resource allocation across these projects and ensuring that collectively these projects will
provide the desired economic outcomes.
Program management integrates the individual elements of the projects in order to achieve a
common objective. It is entirely cross-functional in its approach, managing across the various
disciplines of constituent projects such as engineering, designing, planning, procurement,
construction and finance as well as various components like power, water, highways, waste
management, telecommunication, multi-use development etc. A Task Force was created under the
Chairmanship of CEO, NITI Aayog with
the objective of a focused result-oriented
approach and effective delivery of
projects within time and budget for
Central/ State Government and
Public-Sector Enterprises (PSEs). It
comprises of representatives of following
Departments/Ministries/entities.
The composition of the Task Force
• Shri Amitabh Kant, CEO, NITI Aayog -
Chairman
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Railways - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs -
Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Ministry of Power - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Department of Economic Affairs,
Ministry of Finance - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Department of Expenditure, Ministry
of Finance - Member
• Secretary or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Department of Financial Services,
Ministry of Finance - Member
• DG or nominee (not below the rank of
Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Bureau of Indian Standards - Member
• Chairman or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
National Highway Authority of India -
Member
• Chairman or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
NTPC - Member
• Chairman or nominee (not below the
rank of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation -
Member
• CEO or nominee (not below the rank
of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor
Development Corporation Ltd. -
Member
• CMD or nominee (not below the rank
of Joint Secretary or equivalent),
L&T - Member
• Country Director, Project
Management Institute, India- Member
• Shri Adesh Jain, Chairman,
International Institute of Projects and
Program Management - Member
3
CONSTITUTION OF THE TASK-FORCE The mandate of the Task – Force
a. To analyze the performance of Public
sector/PPP Projects during the last
decade and take stock of the present
situation of Public-Sector/PPP projects.
b. To draw conclusions from the
Performance Analysis with special focus
on identifying the problems faced by
the public sector/PPP projects and
factors that impede their performance.
c. To lay down a plan of action
suggesting short-term, medium-term
and long-term strategies for improving
project management practices in the
public sector/PPP commensurate with
the best international practices.
d. To ensure that appropriate systems,
tools & techniques, processes and
controls are in place at the
departmental or government levels for
managing projects; minimizing risk,
limiting project duplication,
encouraging stakeholder consultation,
integrating decision-making across
agencies and monitoring/evaluation of
output-outcomes.
The Terms of Reference
of the Task – Force
The Task - Force will deliberate,
brainstorm and give recommendations
on the following focus areas:
a) To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of separate
legislation and/or designating a
separate agency/inter-agency
forum/office to facilitate better project
management of Public-Sector/ PPP
projects.
b) To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
c) To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum, syllabus,
qualifications etc. for developing a
cadre of PM professionals.
d) To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency and
accountability, efficiency and effective
use of public resources with reference
to the best practices.
e) To coordinate and act as liaisons
between State and Central
Governments/Entities to raise massive
awareness amongst all the stakeholders
about the importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
4 The Infrastructure sector is one of the key
drivers of economic growth across the
world, and India is no exception. The
sector is responsible for propelling
India's overall development and enjoys
priority focus from Government for
initiating policies that would ensure
time-bound creation of world-class
infrastructure in the country.
The Government of India has set
ambitious growth plans and committed
massive investment of close to INR 5.97
lakh crore in the infrastructure sector in
the current fiscal year. Further, it is
estimated that approximately INR 304
lakh crore of investment is required in
the Indian infrastructure sector till 2040
in order to sustain the country’s
development.
Accordingly, the Government has
launched various critical infrastructure
mega programs like Power for All,
Bharatmala (entailing an estimated cost
of INR 5.35 lakh crore for Phase 1),
Sagarmala (entailing a total outlay of INR
8 lakh crore), Smart Cities mission
(entailing a total investment of INR
203,172 crore), Housing for All, Swachh
Bharat Mission, AMRUT, etc. with an
objective to build world-class
infrastructure in the country. However,
the track record of completing projects
on time is abysmal. There are multiple
challenges attributed to the same
including regulatory clearances, land
acquisition, Resettlement &
Rehabilitation amongst others. The Govt.
has set up various bodies to tide over
such obstacles and is continuing to
improve them. However, one aspect
which needs attention is the successful
adoption of globally accepted Project
and Program Management practices. The
country is in the transformation phase
and with such large-scale initiatives
planned, there is a growing demand for
structured project and program
management practices in order to
manage these programs and implement
them successfully. Project and Program
management practices, when
implemented successfully, can bring in
synergies, integration and a common
language to all these complex program
initiatives like Sagarmala, Bharatmala,
Industrial Corridors, Smart Cities Mission,
etc.
This can be well substantiated from the
recent report of the Ministry of Statistics
and Program Implementation (MOSPI)
released in December 2018 which has
reviewed 1424 central infrastructure
sector projects worth INR 150 crore and
above. It has been observed that more
than 25% of these central sector projects
are delayed beyond their scheduled date
of completion, and there has been a
significant cost overrun of around INR
3.17 lakh crore in these projects.
Clearly, Project and Program
management best practices need to be
maximized when resources are limited so
5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
they can effectively respond to changing
project requirements. Delayed projects
also mean cost escalation and delay in
the benefits of the projects to society.
India will need 70 lakh skilled project
managers in the next 10 years in order to
avoid delays and escalation of budgets in
projects in key industries like Roads,
Railways, IT, and manufacturing. To
overcome this issue, the Government has
to play a more proactive role.
Initially, project management practices
were more widely adopted by the
private sector, however, now even the
public sector is opening up to these
practices. Many public-sector
organizations are placing emphasis on
training programs and strengthening
their existing project management units
and appointing professionals. “Lack of
clarity of benefits” and “Lack of client-led
demand in India” are the main barriers to
the adoption of project management
practices in the country.
As India gears up and prepares for a
stronger and resilient economy, Project
Management will be the enabler. Project
management capabilities must be
improved for the country to get better
returns from public investment in
infrastructure and in the social sectors as
well. Project management, with a view to
deliver on time and within budget, is a
learnable capability that can be
institutionalized, as demonstrated by the
development experiences of USA, UK,
UAE, and China.
In addition, at the current pace of
growth, the nation requires something
more than just leadership, experience
and conventional methods - there needs
to be an emphasis on innovative thinking,
instantaneous communication,
adaptability of thoughts and diverse
approach.
Given the fact that each of the projects
are unique, complex, involve multiple
stakeholders, and require significant
funds and time to complete, traditional
ways of managing projects have proven
to be ineffective. Therefore, we must
recognize the fact that Projects need
refurbishment with modernized tools and
techniques and acclimatize with agility,
disruptive thinking, diversity of
experiences, age, genders and
geography, real-time communication,
real-time data management, social media
and internet of things and above all
skilled workforce. Project management is
an art and science of converting vision
into reality and to achieve this, a ‘Project
Mindset’ must be nurtured amongst all in
organizations.
Accordingly, it is suggested to develop a
National Project / Program Management
Policy Framework (NPMPF). NPMPF can
refer to the already available global best
standards on Project / Program
management, and suggest procedures
and guidelines for effective project
execution of public sector and PPP
projects. These procedures and
guidelines should be made part of all
future contracts. NPMPF can also assist in
introducing project management course
in the senior secondary level curriculum,
which would help in strengthening the
existing framework to build an Industry
ready workforce. It can introduce a
complete course on project
management in the core curriculum of
engineering, management and other
technical institutes as well as
diploma/degree programs at graduate
and post graduate level in consultation
with UGC and AICTE.
At the same time, it is also important to
ensure that Project Management is one of
the key skills for competency
development and a part of Performance
Management System for all professionals
at managerial as well as specialist roles in
Central and State Governments as well as
in construction/contracting firms involved
in executing public sector projects.
While developing NPMPF, the
government can leverage the existing
global standards and Certification
program for professionals in project
management which are widely accepted,
and adopted. This, in turn, addresses the
industry demand of such skilled
professionals in the country.
While the constitution of nodal body
through the legislative framework has
been agreed to as a long term solution, in
view of the time required for the various
procedures/approvals involved as well as
the pressing need for immediate
implementation of remedial measures for
on-going projects/schemes, in the interim
the mandate is decided to be undertaken
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
1
Union budget 2018-19 Report
2
Economic Survey 2017-18, Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India The Infrastructure sector is one of the key
drivers of economic growth across the
world, and India is no exception. The
sector is responsible for propelling
India's overall development and enjoys
priority focus from Government for
initiating policies that would ensure
time-bound creation of world-class
infrastructure in the country.
The Government of India has set
ambitious growth plans and committed
massive investment of close to INR 5.97
lakh crore in the infrastructure sector in
the current fiscal year. Further, it is
estimated that approximately INR 304
lakh crore of investment is required in
the Indian infrastructure sector till 2040
in order to sustain the country’s
development.
Accordingly, the Government has
launched various critical infrastructure
mega programs like Power for All,
Bharatmala (entailing an estimated cost
of INR 5.35 lakh crore for Phase 1),
Sagarmala (entailing a total outlay of INR
8 lakh crore), Smart Cities mission
(entailing a total investment of INR
203,172 crore), Housing for All, Swachh
Bharat Mission, AMRUT, etc. with an
objective to build world-class
infrastructure in the country. However,
the track record of completing projects
on time is abysmal. There are multiple
challenges attributed to the same
including regulatory clearances, land
acquisition, Resettlement &
Rehabilitation amongst others. The Govt.
has set up various bodies to tide over
such obstacles and is continuing to
improve them. However, one aspect
which needs attention is the successful
adoption of globally accepted Project
and Program Management practices. The
country is in the transformation phase
and with such large-scale initiatives
planned, there is a growing demand for
structured project and program
management practices in order to
manage these programs and implement
them successfully. Project and Program
management practices, when
implemented successfully, can bring in
synergies, integration and a common
language to all these complex program
initiatives like Sagarmala, Bharatmala,
Industrial Corridors, Smart Cities Mission,
etc.
This can be well substantiated from the
recent report of the Ministry of Statistics
and Program Implementation (MOSPI)
released in December 2018 which has
reviewed 1424 central infrastructure
sector projects worth INR 150 crore and
above. It has been observed that more
than 25% of these central sector projects
are delayed beyond their scheduled date
of completion, and there has been a
significant cost overrun of around INR
3.17 lakh crore in these projects.
Clearly, Project and Program
management best practices need to be
maximized when resources are limited so
they can effectively respond to changing
project requirements. Delayed projects
also mean cost escalation and delay in
the benefits of the projects to society.
India will need 70 lakh skilled project
managers in the next 10 years in order to
avoid delays and escalation of budgets in
projects in key industries like Roads,
Railways, IT, and manufacturing. To
overcome this issue, the Government has
to play a more proactive role.
Initially, project management practices
were more widely adopted by the
private sector, however, now even the
public sector is opening up to these
practices. Many public-sector
organizations are placing emphasis on
training programs and strengthening
their existing project management units
and appointing professionals. “Lack of
clarity of benefits” and “Lack of client-led
demand in India” are the main barriers to
the adoption of project management
practices in the country.
As India gears up and prepares for a
stronger and resilient economy, Project
Management will be the enabler. Project
management capabilities must be
improved for the country to get better
returns from public investment in
infrastructure and in the social sectors as
well. Project management, with a view to
deliver on time and within budget, is a
learnable capability that can be
institutionalized, as demonstrated by the
development experiences of USA, UK,
UAE, and China.
In addition, at the current pace of
growth, the nation requires something
more than just leadership, experience
and conventional methods - there needs
to be an emphasis on innovative thinking,
instantaneous communication,
adaptability of thoughts and diverse
approach.
Given the fact that each of the projects
are unique, complex, involve multiple
stakeholders, and require significant
funds and time to complete, traditional
ways of managing projects have proven
to be ineffective. Therefore, we must
recognize the fact that Projects need
refurbishment with modernized tools and
techniques and acclimatize with agility,
disruptive thinking, diversity of
experiences, age, genders and
geography, real-time communication,
real-time data management, social media
and internet of things and above all
skilled workforce. Project management is
an art and science of converting vision
into reality and to achieve this, a ‘Project
Mindset’ must be nurtured amongst all in
organizations.
Accordingly, it is suggested to develop a
National Project / Program Management
Policy Framework (NPMPF). NPMPF can
refer to the already available global best
standards on Project / Program
management, and suggest procedures
and guidelines for effective project
execution of public sector and PPP
projects. These procedures and
guidelines should be made part of all
future contracts. NPMPF can also assist in
6
introducing project management course
in the senior secondary level curriculum,
which would help in strengthening the
existing framework to build an Industry
ready workforce. It can introduce a
complete course on project
management in the core curriculum of
engineering, management and other
technical institutes as well as
diploma/degree programs at graduate
and post graduate level in consultation
with UGC and AICTE.
At the same time, it is also important to
ensure that Project Management is one of
the key skills for competency
development and a part of Performance
Management System for all professionals
at managerial as well as specialist roles in
Central and State Governments as well as
in construction/contracting firms involved
in executing public sector projects.
While developing NPMPF, the
government can leverage the existing
global standards and Certification
program for professionals in project
management which are widely accepted,
and adopted. This, in turn, addresses the
industry demand of such skilled
professionals in the country.
While the constitution of nodal body
through the legislative framework has
been agreed to as a long term solution, in
view of the time required for the various
procedures/approvals involved as well as
the pressing need for immediate
implementation of remedial measures for
on-going projects/schemes, in the interim
the mandate is decided to be undertaken
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
3
Project Management Institute (PMI) report – “Project Management Job Growth and Talent Gap 2017-2027” The Infrastructure sector is one of the key
drivers of economic growth across the
world, and India is no exception. The
sector is responsible for propelling
India's overall development and enjoys
priority focus from Government for
initiating policies that would ensure
time-bound creation of world-class
infrastructure in the country.
The Government of India has set
ambitious growth plans and committed
massive investment of close to INR 5.97
lakh crore in the infrastructure sector in
the current fiscal year. Further, it is
estimated that approximately INR 304
lakh crore of investment is required in
the Indian infrastructure sector till 2040
in order to sustain the country’s
development.
Accordingly, the Government has
launched various critical infrastructure
mega programs like Power for All,
Bharatmala (entailing an estimated cost
of INR 5.35 lakh crore for Phase 1),
Sagarmala (entailing a total outlay of INR
8 lakh crore), Smart Cities mission
(entailing a total investment of INR
203,172 crore), Housing for All, Swachh
Bharat Mission, AMRUT, etc. with an
objective to build world-class
infrastructure in the country. However,
the track record of completing projects
on time is abysmal. There are multiple
challenges attributed to the same
including regulatory clearances, land
acquisition, Resettlement &
Rehabilitation amongst others. The Govt.
has set up various bodies to tide over
such obstacles and is continuing to
improve them. However, one aspect
which needs attention is the successful
adoption of globally accepted Project
and Program Management practices. The
country is in the transformation phase
and with such large-scale initiatives
planned, there is a growing demand for
structured project and program
management practices in order to
manage these programs and implement
them successfully. Project and Program
management practices, when
implemented successfully, can bring in
synergies, integration and a common
language to all these complex program
initiatives like Sagarmala, Bharatmala,
Industrial Corridors, Smart Cities Mission,
etc.
This can be well substantiated from the
recent report of the Ministry of Statistics
and Program Implementation (MOSPI)
released in December 2018 which has
reviewed 1424 central infrastructure
sector projects worth INR 150 crore and
above. It has been observed that more
than 25% of these central sector projects
are delayed beyond their scheduled date
of completion, and there has been a
significant cost overrun of around INR
3.17 lakh crore in these projects.
Clearly, Project and Program
management best practices need to be
maximized when resources are limited so
they can effectively respond to changing
project requirements. Delayed projects
also mean cost escalation and delay in
the benefits of the projects to society.
India will need 70 lakh skilled project
managers in the next 10 years in order to
avoid delays and escalation of budgets in
projects in key industries like Roads,
Railways, IT, and manufacturing. To
overcome this issue, the Government has
to play a more proactive role.
Initially, project management practices
were more widely adopted by the
private sector, however, now even the
public sector is opening up to these
practices. Many public-sector
organizations are placing emphasis on
training programs and strengthening
their existing project management units
and appointing professionals. “Lack of
clarity of benefits” and “Lack of client-led
demand in India” are the main barriers to
the adoption of project management
practices in the country.
As India gears up and prepares for a
stronger and resilient economy, Project
Management will be the enabler. Project
management capabilities must be
improved for the country to get better
returns from public investment in
infrastructure and in the social sectors as
well. Project management, with a view to
deliver on time and within budget, is a
learnable capability that can be
institutionalized, as demonstrated by the
development experiences of USA, UK,
UAE, and China.
In addition, at the current pace of
growth, the nation requires something
more than just leadership, experience
and conventional methods - there needs
to be an emphasis on innovative thinking,
instantaneous communication,
adaptability of thoughts and diverse
approach.
Given the fact that each of the projects
are unique, complex, involve multiple
stakeholders, and require significant
funds and time to complete, traditional
ways of managing projects have proven
to be ineffective. Therefore, we must
recognize the fact that Projects need
refurbishment with modernized tools and
techniques and acclimatize with agility,
disruptive thinking, diversity of
experiences, age, genders and
geography, real-time communication,
real-time data management, social media
and internet of things and above all
skilled workforce. Project management is
an art and science of converting vision
into reality and to achieve this, a ‘Project
Mindset’ must be nurtured amongst all in
organizations.
Accordingly, it is suggested to develop a
National Project / Program Management
Policy Framework (NPMPF). NPMPF can
refer to the already available global best
standards on Project / Program
management, and suggest procedures
and guidelines for effective project
execution of public sector and PPP
projects. These procedures and
guidelines should be made part of all
future contracts. NPMPF can also assist in
7
introducing project management course
in the senior secondary level curriculum,
which would help in strengthening the
existing framework to build an Industry
ready workforce. It can introduce a
complete course on project
management in the core curriculum of
engineering, management and other
technical institutes as well as
diploma/degree programs at graduate
and post graduate level in consultation
with UGC and AICTE.
At the same time, it is also important to
ensure that Project Management is one of
the key skills for competency
development and a part of Performance
Management System for all professionals
at managerial as well as specialist roles in
Central and State Governments as well as
in construction/contracting firms involved
in executing public sector projects.
While developing NPMPF, the
government can leverage the existing
global standards and Certification
program for professionals in project
management which are widely accepted,
and adopted. This, in turn, addresses the
industry demand of such skilled
professionals in the country.
While the constitution of nodal body
through the legislative framework has
been agreed to as a long term solution, in
view of the time required for the various
procedures/approvals involved as well as
the pressing need for immediate
implementation of remedial measures for
on-going projects/schemes, in the interim
the mandate is decided to be undertaken
through Quality Council of India (QCI). A. Approach to Projects Delivery in
India
Project delivery method is defined as a
process by which the components of
design and construction, including the
roles and responsibilities, a sequence of
activities, cost of materials and
equipment, and labor are combined to
deliver a project. Conventionally,
infrastructure projects have been split up
into multiple separate work packages. A
work package is a group of related tasks
within a project, which can also be
defined as sub-projects within a larger
project.
Project delivery systems are defined by
the official involvement of
participants/contractors, level of
integration, and contractual relationships
between project parties. Some of the
project delivery systems widely used in
the conventional Indian approach are:
• Construction Management at Risk:
(Guaranteed Maximum Price / Open
Book Contract)
o A delivery method that entails a
commitment by the construction
manager to deliver the project
within a guaranteed maximum
price.
• Design-Build:
o The owner manages only one
contract with a single point of
responsibility.
o The designer and the contractor
work together, from the beginning
as a team to provide unified project
recommendations to fit the owner’s
schedule and budget.
• Design-Bid-Build:
o The owner selects and enters into a
contract with a design
professional/architect.
o The architect fully creates the
design and provides ‘bid
documents’ that are made available
to general contractors for
competitive bids.
o The contractor so appointed then
builds the project.
• Engineer-Procure-Construct (EPC):
o The Engineer and Construction
contractor will carry out the
detailed engineering design of the
project, procure all the equipment
and raw materials required and
then, will deliver a functioning
facility or asset to their client.
• Engineer-Procure-Construction
Management (EPCM):
o The EPCM contractor provides
engineering, procurement and
construction management services,
but the employer directly employs
construction contractors to build
the project. The EPCM contractor
usually manages the construction
contractors for the employer and is
9
CHAPTER I
PRESENT STATUS OF PROJECT DELIVERY IN INDIA
more like a professional consultant
than a contractor, providing design
and construction advice (rather
than building the project itself).
B. Key Issues of Conventional
Approach in India
A number of issues have been
encountered with the current methods of
project delivery across different sectors.
Some of the key challenges faced during
project delivery include uncertainties in
the land acquisition process and
regulatory approvals, lack of
comprehensive upfront planning and
risk management, and most importantly,
low maturity of project management
processes to adequately plan for such
factors. To counter this, significant
front-end efforts should be invested in
project pre-planning/initiation in order
to reduce uncertainties/ risk factors
during execution and enhance the
reliability on project budget and
schedule.
Other issues which hamper timely
completion of projects include, but are
not limited to, the non-availability of raw
materials, unavailability of skilled workers
(masons, carpenters, etc.), lack of water
and power supply, an incomplete supply
of drawings and frequent changes in
design. Due to the local issues and lack
of proper project planning and control,
the effective project delivery schedule
gets delayed creating an overall impact
on the economy.
One of the major issues faced in
implementation of urban infrastructure
projects includes the challenge of lack of
comprehensive planning and
management by different Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs), as well as lack of capacity
in local bodies.
In brief, poor project management costs
the Government in a number of ways,
including:
• Additional expenditure burden due to
increased costs, which crowds out
funding for more deserving projects,
• Creating a culture of acceptance of
delays and avoidable costs, which
causes more cases to occur,
• Economic burden due to delayed
return in investments,
• The increased cost of procurement
due to monetization of higher risks
perceived by contractors such as
delay and scope creep associated
with publicly funded projects.
It is a well-established fact that,
structured project management
practices would not only maximize the
limited resources and effectively respond
to changing project requirements but
also bring in skills such as project
scoping, planning, scheduling, risk
assessment, team building and quality
control for getting complex projects
completed with desired quality, on time
and within budget. A. Approach to Projects Delivery in
India
Project delivery method is defined as a
process by which the components of
design and construction, including the
roles and responsibilities, a sequence of
activities, cost of materials and
equipment, and labor are combined to
deliver a project. Conventionally,
infrastructure projects have been split up
into multiple separate work packages. A
work package is a group of related tasks
within a project, which can also be
defined as sub-projects within a larger
project.
Project delivery systems are defined by
the official involvement of
participants/contractors, level of
integration, and contractual relationships
between project parties. Some of the
project delivery systems widely used in
the conventional Indian approach are:
• Construction Management at Risk:
(Guaranteed Maximum Price / Open
Book Contract)
o A delivery method that entails a
commitment by the construction
manager to deliver the project
within a guaranteed maximum
price.
• Design-Build:
o The owner manages only one
contract with a single point of
responsibility.
o The designer and the contractor
work together, from the beginning
as a team to provide unified project
recommendations to fit the owner’s
schedule and budget.
• Design-Bid-Build:
o The owner selects and enters into a
contract with a design
professional/architect.
o The architect fully creates the
design and provides ‘bid
documents’ that are made available
to general contractors for
competitive bids.
o The contractor so appointed then
builds the project.
• Engineer-Procure-Construct (EPC):
o The Engineer and Construction
contractor will carry out the
detailed engineering design of the
project, procure all the equipment
and raw materials required and
then, will deliver a functioning
facility or asset to their client.
• Engineer-Procure-Construction
Management (EPCM):
o The EPCM contractor provides
engineering, procurement and
construction management services,
but the employer directly employs
construction contractors to build
the project. The EPCM contractor
usually manages the construction
contractors for the employer and is
more like a professional consultant
than a contractor, providing design
and construction advice (rather
than building the project itself).
B. Key Issues of Conventional
Approach in India
A number of issues have been
encountered with the current methods of
project delivery across different sectors.
Some of the key challenges faced during
project delivery include uncertainties in
the land acquisition process and
regulatory approvals, lack of
comprehensive upfront planning and
risk management, and most importantly,
low maturity of project management
processes to adequately plan for such
factors. To counter this, significant
front-end efforts should be invested in
project pre-planning/initiation in order
to reduce uncertainties/ risk factors
during execution and enhance the
reliability on project budget and
schedule.
Other issues which hamper timely
completion of projects include, but are
not limited to, the non-availability of raw
materials, unavailability of skilled workers
(masons, carpenters, etc.), lack of water
and power supply, an incomplete supply
of drawings and frequent changes in
design. Due to the local issues and lack
of proper project planning and control,
the effective project delivery schedule
gets delayed creating an overall impact
on the economy.
One of the major issues faced in
implementation of urban infrastructure
projects includes the challenge of lack of
comprehensive planning and
management by different Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs), as well as lack of capacity
in local bodies.
In brief, poor project management costs
the Government in a number of ways,
including:
• Additional expenditure burden due to
increased costs, which crowds out
funding for more deserving projects,
• Creating a culture of acceptance of
delays and avoidable costs, which
causes more cases to occur,
• Economic burden due to delayed
return in investments,
• The increased cost of procurement
due to monetization of higher risks
perceived by contractors such as
delay and scope creep associated
with publicly funded projects.
It is a well-established fact that,
structured project management
practices would not only maximize the
limited resources and effectively respond
to changing project requirements but
also bring in skills such as project
scoping, planning, scheduling, risk
assessment, team building and quality
control for getting complex projects
completed with desired quality, on time
and within budget.
10 The latest MOSPI Flash Report December
2018, containing information on the
status of 1424 Central Sector
Infrastructure Projects costing Rs. 150
crore and above, brings to light the
number of Project delays and cost
overrun amount, and the same is
alarming.
Cost overrun: Total original cost of
implementation of the 1424 projects was
Rs.18,17,469.76 crore and their
anticipated completion cost is likely to
be Rs. 21,33,649.81 crore, which reflects
an overall cost overrun of Rs. 3,16,180.05
crores (i.e. 17.40% of the original cost).
The expenditure incurred on these
projects until December 2018 is Rs.
8,06,997.78 crore, which is 37.82 % of the
anticipated cost of the projects.
Time overrun: During the reference
month, out of 1424 projects, 384 projects
are delayed with respect to their original
schedules and 69 projects have reported
additional delays vis-à-vis their date of
completion reported in the previous
month. Of these 69 projects, 16 are Mega
Projects costing Rs. 1000 crore and
above.
11
CHAPTER II
CHALLENGES IN THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION MODEL IN INDIA
Trends in Projects over the Last Five Years:
MOSPI – Project Implementation Overview –December 2018
No of Projects
700
600
500
400
300
20
100
0
317
282
123
5248 16 26
313
323
120
489
326
242
592
317
330
634
429
253
328
686
APR 2014
Ahead of ScheduleDelayed Without Commissioning DateOn Schedule
APR 2015 APR 2016 APR 2017 APR 2018 Dec 2018 (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
An overview of the best of the Global
Project Management Practices adopted by
various countries is given in Annexure A.
Adoption of ISO 21500:2012 needs to be
specified in the RFQ conditions while
inviting tenders. Moreover, it’s important
that Contracting firms involved in project
construction have qualified/ certified
project management professionals at the
time of commencement of works on
awarded contracts. Certifications offered
by globally recognized bodies (Annexure
C) besides proven experience in
delivering large scale programs, may be
specified in the contract conditions for
the key staff of the field project
organization of the contractor.
Accordingly, it is important to set up a
nodal body for continuous evaluation of
projects for which investment approvals
have been provided. The proposed body
can track and monitor the performance or
execution status of the projects and
suggest key action or decision points by
various authorities. This may also include
periodic review of the further investment
decision based on the project
performance till date. Project
management maturity assessment level of
organization need to be assessed
specifically keeping in view the working of
CPSUs.
This body can also critically appraise
project integration issues which require
multiple stakeholder involvement such as
Central Ministries, State Governments,
other quasi-government bodies etc. and
facilitate early resolution by highest level
escalation such as PMO/PMG.
The body should also focus on adoption
of Project / Program Management
practices since it is more critical to mega
projects as the level and importance of
stakeholder engagement is more complex
and requires a much higher level of skill
and capability. A case study of one such
mega complex project involving multiple
infrastructure projects within and various
stakeholders - Shendra Industrial Area, a
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project - is
discussed in Annexure B.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
It has been observed that the current
Project / Program models being followed
in India are not effective in ensuring timely
and within budget completion of projects.
In the preceding section, the key issues
arising due to the existing models
followed have been highlighted.
Insufficient attention, time and expertise
are invested in project design and
planning. The quality, experience and
competence of the Project Design and
Management Consultant selected to
prepare the Detailed Project Report (DPR)
needs to be properly ascertained. In
addition, the time spent initially on site
and market investigation, exploring
technology, finance and implementation
options, evaluating procurement options,
etc., would eventually save on costs and
time. Deep involvement of the project
organization (Organization sponsoring the
project) in the DPR preparation is a key
factor in project success.
Land acquisition and securing all statutory
clearances for the projects are critical
conditions precedent for the start of any
project. Any delay due to challenges
results in a delayed start, and more often
than not, delayed completion. As a
principle, no project contracts may be
awarded without possession of at least
90% contiguous land of the entire land and
the statutory clearances/NOCs for project
12
construction and operation. Several
organizations like NHAI (National Highway
Authority of India) have laid down policies
regarding the same. More importantly,
stakeholder management needs to be
strengthened for land acquisition and
other regulatory approvals.
Scope and Design creep are the other
causes widely stated for project delays.
Changes in scope or design midway or
even at the start cause time and cost
variations. It is therefore essential to
consider all options thoroughly and spend
time on designs exhaustively at the time
of DPR preparation. From experience with
mega infrastructure projects, locking
down the scope as one would really add
to cost because every change reopens
elements of the construction contract to
renegotiation. A program management
focus (Annexure E) recognizes that things
will be learned as an individual
construction project gets executed and
that those learnings should be
incorporated into the next phase of
construction projects. So instead of one
contract, there may be a master contract
and then subcontracts for each phase of
work. This would enable the government
to maintain more control and better
management of risks.
The quality of project and program
management team overseeing the projects
is also essential to regulate. The project/
program managers must be approved by
the project implementing agency, which in
turn will also evaluate and assess their
capability based on the requisite hard and
soft skills to deliver the project.
Proper communication channels between
the implementing agency and the
contractor must be established, through
weekly meetings between the two parties
where key issues and delays are
addressed. A healthy relationship
between the agency and the contractor is
beneficial, which can be achieved through
training and orientation of the staff before
the project begins.
ISO31000 standards on Enterprise Risk
Management can be introduced. The use
of established risk management
methodologies at regular intervals
enables identification of issues and risks
associated with the projects enabling
timely decision by the relevant
authorities. It is important to ensure
optimal sharing of risks between parties.
Timely completion of projects must be
incentivized to encourage the
establishment of a culture in which
effective project delivery occurs.
Moreover, weekly Project Management
meetings of owner or customer with the
consultants and contractors are the key
factor in ensuring effective
communications, timely detection of
critical issues and their resolution. This will
also help in preventing disputes.
Further, competencies and capability of
contracting firms involved in the
construction or development of projects
need to be strengthened for the timely
and on-budget completion of projects.
There is a need to ensure that contracting
firms adopt appropriate & global
management standards.
S. Sector Projects on Delayed Projects Additionally Additionally
No. the monitor w.r.t original delayed delayed
(No.) schedule (No.) during the Mega
month under Projects (No.)
report (No.)
1 Road Transport & Highways 605 112 19 2
2 Railways 367 94 8 3
3 Petroleum 137 33 16 4
4 Power 95 56 19 7
5 Coal 97 36 1 0
6 Urban Development 58 23 0 0
7 Steel 13 9 0 0
8 Health & Family Welfare 20 5 1 0
9 Telecommunications 6 4 3 0
10 Fertilizers 6 2 1 0
11 Shipping & Ports 6 3 0 0
12 Atomic Energy 4 4 0 0
13 Mines 5 0 1 0
14 Civil Aviation 1 1 0 0
15 Heavy Industry 2 1 0 0
16 Defense Production 2 1 0 0
Total 1424 384 69 16
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
An overview of the best of the Global
Project Management Practices adopted by
various countries is given in Annexure A.
Adoption of ISO 21500:2012 needs to be
specified in the RFQ conditions while
inviting tenders. Moreover, it’s important
that Contracting firms involved in project
construction have qualified/ certified
project management professionals at the
time of commencement of works on
awarded contracts. Certifications offered
by globally recognized bodies (Annexure
C) besides proven experience in
delivering large scale programs, may be
specified in the contract conditions for
the key staff of the field project
organization of the contractor.
Accordingly, it is important to set up a
nodal body for continuous evaluation of
projects for which investment approvals
have been provided. The proposed body
can track and monitor the performance or
execution status of the projects and
suggest key action or decision points by
various authorities. This may also include
periodic review of the further investment
decision based on the project
performance till date. Project
management maturity assessment level of
organization need to be assessed
specifically keeping in view the working of
CPSUs.
This body can also critically appraise
project integration issues which require
multiple stakeholder involvement such as
Central Ministries, State Governments,
other quasi-government bodies etc. and
facilitate early resolution by highest level
escalation such as PMO/PMG.
The body should also focus on adoption
of Project / Program Management
practices since it is more critical to mega
projects as the level and importance of
stakeholder engagement is more complex
and requires a much higher level of skill
and capability. A case study of one such
mega complex project involving multiple
infrastructure projects within and various
stakeholders - Shendra Industrial Area, a
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project - is
discussed in Annexure B.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
It has been observed that the current
Project / Program models being followed
in India are not effective in ensuring timely
and within budget completion of projects.
In the preceding section, the key issues
arising due to the existing models
followed have been highlighted.
Insufficient attention, time and expertise
are invested in project design and
planning. The quality, experience and
competence of the Project Design and
Management Consultant selected to
prepare the Detailed Project Report (DPR)
needs to be properly ascertained. In
addition, the time spent initially on site
and market investigation, exploring
technology, finance and implementation
options, evaluating procurement options,
etc., would eventually save on costs and
time. Deep involvement of the project
organization (Organization sponsoring the
project) in the DPR preparation is a key
factor in project success.
Land acquisition and securing all statutory
clearances for the projects are critical
conditions precedent for the start of any
project. Any delay due to challenges
results in a delayed start, and more often
than not, delayed completion. As a
principle, no project contracts may be
awarded without possession of at least
90% contiguous land of the entire land and
the statutory clearances/NOCs for project
construction and operation. Several
organizations like NHAI (National Highway
Authority of India) have laid down policies
regarding the same. More importantly,
stakeholder management needs to be
strengthened for land acquisition and
other regulatory approvals.
Scope and Design creep are the other
causes widely stated for project delays.
Changes in scope or design midway or
even at the start cause time and cost
variations. It is therefore essential to
consider all options thoroughly and spend
time on designs exhaustively at the time
of DPR preparation. From experience with
mega infrastructure projects, locking
down the scope as one would really add
to cost because every change reopens
elements of the construction contract to
renegotiation. A program management
focus (Annexure E) recognizes that things
will be learned as an individual
construction project gets executed and
that those learnings should be
incorporated into the next phase of
construction projects. So instead of one
contract, there may be a master contract
and then subcontracts for each phase of
work. This would enable the government
to maintain more control and better
management of risks.
The quality of project and program
management team overseeing the projects
is also essential to regulate. The project/
program managers must be approved by
the project implementing agency, which in
turn will also evaluate and assess their
capability based on the requisite hard and
soft skills to deliver the project.
Proper communication channels between
the implementing agency and the
contractor must be established, through
weekly meetings between the two parties
where key issues and delays are
addressed. A healthy relationship
between the agency and the contractor is
beneficial, which can be achieved through
training and orientation of the staff before
the project begins.
ISO31000 standards on Enterprise Risk
Management can be introduced. The use
of established risk management
methodologies at regular intervals
enables identification of issues and risks
associated with the projects enabling
timely decision by the relevant
authorities. It is important to ensure
optimal sharing of risks between parties.
Timely completion of projects must be
incentivized to encourage the
establishment of a culture in which
effective project delivery occurs.
Moreover, weekly Project Management
meetings of owner or customer with the
consultants and contractors are the key
factor in ensuring effective
communications, timely detection of
critical issues and their resolution. This will
also help in preventing disputes.
Further, competencies and capability of
contracting firms involved in the
construction or development of projects
need to be strengthened for the timely
and on-budget completion of projects.
There is a need to ensure that contracting
firms adopt appropriate & global
management standards.
13
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
An overview of the best of the Global
Project Management Practices adopted by
various countries is given in Annexure A.
Adoption of ISO 21500:2012 needs to be
specified in the RFQ conditions while
inviting tenders. Moreover, it’s important
that Contracting firms involved in project
construction have qualified/ certified
project management professionals at the
time of commencement of works on
awarded contracts. Certifications offered
by globally recognized bodies (Annexure
C) besides proven experience in
delivering large scale programs, may be
specified in the contract conditions for
the key staff of the field project
organization of the contractor.
Accordingly, it is important to set up a
nodal body for continuous evaluation of
projects for which investment approvals
have been provided. The proposed body
can track and monitor the performance or
execution status of the projects and
suggest key action or decision points by
various authorities. This may also include
periodic review of the further investment
decision based on the project
performance till date. Project
management maturity assessment level of
organization need to be assessed
specifically keeping in view the working of
CPSUs.
This body can also critically appraise
project integration issues which require
multiple stakeholder involvement such as
Central Ministries, State Governments,
other quasi-government bodies etc. and
facilitate early resolution by highest level
escalation such as PMO/PMG.
The body should also focus on adoption
of Project / Program Management
practices since it is more critical to mega
projects as the level and importance of
stakeholder engagement is more complex
and requires a much higher level of skill
and capability. A case study of one such
mega complex project involving multiple
infrastructure projects within and various
stakeholders - Shendra Industrial Area, a
Greenfield Industrial Smart City Project - is
discussed in Annexure B.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
It has been observed that the current
Project / Program models being followed
in India are not effective in ensuring timely
and within budget completion of projects.
In the preceding section, the key issues
arising due to the existing models
followed have been highlighted.
Insufficient attention, time and expertise
are invested in project design and
planning. The quality, experience and
competence of the Project Design and
Management Consultant selected to
prepare the Detailed Project Report (DPR)
needs to be properly ascertained. In
addition, the time spent initially on site
and market investigation, exploring
technology, finance and implementation
options, evaluating procurement options,
etc., would eventually save on costs and
time. Deep involvement of the project
organization (Organization sponsoring the
project) in the DPR preparation is a key
factor in project success.
Land acquisition and securing all statutory
clearances for the projects are critical
conditions precedent for the start of any
project. Any delay due to challenges
results in a delayed start, and more often
than not, delayed completion. As a
principle, no project contracts may be
awarded without possession of at least
90% contiguous land of the entire land and
the statutory clearances/NOCs for project
construction and operation. Several
organizations like NHAI (National Highway
Authority of India) have laid down policies
regarding the same. More importantly,
stakeholder management needs to be
strengthened for land acquisition and
other regulatory approvals.
Scope and Design creep are the other
causes widely stated for project delays.
Changes in scope or design midway or
even at the start cause time and cost
variations. It is therefore essential to
consider all options thoroughly and spend
time on designs exhaustively at the time
of DPR preparation. From experience with
mega infrastructure projects, locking
down the scope as one would really add
to cost because every change reopens
elements of the construction contract to
renegotiation. A program management
focus (Annexure E) recognizes that things
will be learned as an individual
construction project gets executed and
that those learnings should be
incorporated into the next phase of
construction projects. So instead of one
contract, there may be a master contract
and then subcontracts for each phase of
work. This would enable the government
to maintain more control and better
management of risks.
The quality of project and program
management team overseeing the projects
is also essential to regulate. The project/
program managers must be approved by
the project implementing agency, which in
turn will also evaluate and assess their
capability based on the requisite hard and
soft skills to deliver the project.
Proper communication channels between
the implementing agency and the
contractor must be established, through
weekly meetings between the two parties
where key issues and delays are
addressed. A healthy relationship
between the agency and the contractor is
beneficial, which can be achieved through
training and orientation of the staff before
the project begins.
ISO31000 standards on Enterprise Risk
Management can be introduced. The use
of established risk management
methodologies at regular intervals
enables identification of issues and risks
associated with the projects enabling
timely decision by the relevant
authorities. It is important to ensure
optimal sharing of risks between parties.
Timely completion of projects must be
incentivized to encourage the
establishment of a culture in which
effective project delivery occurs.
Moreover, weekly Project Management
meetings of owner or customer with the
consultants and contractors are the key
factor in ensuring effective
communications, timely detection of
critical issues and their resolution. This will
also help in preventing disputes.
Further, competencies and capability of
contracting firms involved in the
construction or development of projects
need to be strengthened for the timely
and on-budget completion of projects.
There is a need to ensure that contracting
firms adopt appropriate & global
management standards.
Box 1: What is Project
Management?
A project is universally known as a
temporary endeavor undertaken to create a
unique product, service or result. A project
is unique in the way that it is not a routine
operation, but a specific set of activities
designed to accomplish a singular goal.
Project word is derived from the Latin word
‘Projectum' implying ‘to throw something
forward'. Projects are undertaken therefore
to build a future by undertaking the creation
of soft and hard assets.
Project management is the application of
knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to
project activities to meet the project
requirements. It has always been practiced
informally but began to emerge as a distinct
profession in the mid-20th century. Project
Management is recognized as a
methodology that bridges the gap between
the organization's strategic initiative and its
implementation. Since time immemorial it
has defined itself as a proven methodology/
approach that has invariably resulted in
productive delivery of a project/program.
14
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
Strengthening Project Management
oversight and Monitoring Framework
In a major move to support on-time and
within budget delivery of all the
large-scale infrastructure projects in the
country, the Cabinet Secretariat vide
letter dated 3rd February 2016 has
directed all Departments to update
information pertaining to central sector
infrastructure projects costing Rs. 150
crores and above on the Online
Computerized Monitoring System
(OCMS) of MOSPI. In addition, the Project
Monitoring Division and Program
Implementation Wing in MOSPI provide
management services by providing the
latest information on the implementation
of projects/ programs and performance
of those infrastructure projects. It also
brings out periodical reports, review
notes highlighting deficiencies and
action areas facilitating the
administrative ministries and project
authority concerned in timely
implementation of projects and
programs and provides a control
mechanism to arrest delays in
implementation.
On the other hand, the eSuvidha-Project
Management System (ePMS)
administered by Project Monitoring
Group (PMG) requires the maintenance of
a database of mega projects (costing Rs.
1000 crore and above) of the public and
private sector. The portal focuses on
resolution of bottlenecks/issues in the
implementation of the projects.
The above two platforms focus on
project monitoring mechanism and are
complementary to each other.
Programme Implementation Wing
(Prime Minister’s Office, GOI): Pro-Active
Governance and Timely Implementation -
PRAGATI - an ambitious multi-purpose
and multi-modal platform introduced by
the GOI in 2015 that is suitable for
simultaneously monitoring and reviewing
important programs and projects of the
Central Government as well as projects
flagged by State Governments. A built-in
feature of PRAGATI is that directions will
remain in the system for further follow-up
and review until the finality of the matter.
The PRAGATI platform bundles three
technologies: Digital data management,
video-conferencing and geospatial
technology. With this, the Prime Minister
is able to discuss the issues with the
concerned Central and State officials
with full information and latest visuals of
the ground level situation. It is an
innovative e-governance implementation.
The key features of the PRAGATI
application takes into consideration the
issues ranging from Public Grievances,
on-going programs to pending projects.
It also takes into consideration various
correspondences to PM’s office from the
common people or from high dignitaries
of States and/or developers of public
projects. Every project or issue taken up
at PRAGATI meetings comes with a
deadline, which government agencies
have to adhere to.
Simultaneously, many states have set up
infrastructure departments, paving the
way for speedy project implementation.
Project-specific structures as
Empowered Committees (EC) or
High-Powered Committees (HPC) have
15
helped accelerate the implementation of
specific projects. The government of
India may write to all States to set up a
SCoS/HPC/EC for projects above Rs.500
crores to:
• Set overall targets (limits) for cost and
time overruns.
• Debottleneck and accelerate project
implementation
• Coordinate with GOI and implementing
agencies to resolve PM issues
• Review cost and times overruns.
• Defining processes at State level for
project related clearances &
monitoring clearances
• Mentoring of State Government
agencies for improving project
management processes and dealing
with exceptions.
• Improve contract agreements and
management, including effective
dispute resolution.
MOSPI, PMO/PMG and PRAGATI platform
have different activities of project
management and monitoring. The tools
adopted are more of MIS / escalation
management. It is important that the
Project Management Information System
(PMIS) be used by the implementing
agencies and in turn integrated with
OCMS to provide near real-time
information related to the project. More
importantly, for effective tracking and
monitoring of key public projects, there
should be a single cell at the national
level.
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the Strengthening Project Management
oversight and Monitoring Framework
In a major move to support on-time and
within budget delivery of all the
large-scale infrastructure projects in the
country, the Cabinet Secretariat vide
letter dated 3rd February 2016 has
directed all Departments to update
information pertaining to central sector
infrastructure projects costing Rs. 150
crores and above on the Online
Computerized Monitoring System
(OCMS) of MOSPI. In addition, the Project
Monitoring Division and Program
Implementation Wing in MOSPI provide
management services by providing the
latest information on the implementation
of projects/ programs and performance
of those infrastructure projects. It also
brings out periodical reports, review
notes highlighting deficiencies and
action areas facilitating the
administrative ministries and project
authority concerned in timely
implementation of projects and
programs and provides a control
mechanism to arrest delays in
implementation.
On the other hand, the eSuvidha-Project
Management System (ePMS)
administered by Project Monitoring
Group (PMG) requires the maintenance of
a database of mega projects (costing Rs.
1000 crore and above) of the public and
private sector. The portal focuses on
resolution of bottlenecks/issues in the
implementation of the projects.
The above two platforms focus on
project monitoring mechanism and are
complementary to each other.
Programme Implementation Wing
(Prime Minister’s Office, GOI): Pro-Active
Governance and Timely Implementation -
PRAGATI - an ambitious multi-purpose
and multi-modal platform introduced by
the GOI in 2015 that is suitable for
simultaneously monitoring and reviewing
important programs and projects of the
Central Government as well as projects
flagged by State Governments. A built-in
feature of PRAGATI is that directions will
remain in the system for further follow-up
and review until the finality of the matter.
The PRAGATI platform bundles three
technologies: Digital data management,
video-conferencing and geospatial
technology. With this, the Prime Minister
is able to discuss the issues with the
concerned Central and State officials
with full information and latest visuals of
the ground level situation. It is an
innovative e-governance implementation.
The key features of the PRAGATI
application takes into consideration the
issues ranging from Public Grievances,
on-going programs to pending projects.
It also takes into consideration various
correspondences to PM’s office from the
common people or from high dignitaries
of States and/or developers of public
projects. Every project or issue taken up
at PRAGATI meetings comes with a
deadline, which government agencies
have to adhere to.
Simultaneously, many states have set up
infrastructure departments, paving the
way for speedy project implementation.
Project-specific structures as
Empowered Committees (EC) or
High-Powered Committees (HPC) have
helped accelerate the implementation of
specific projects. The government of
India may write to all States to set up a
SCoS/HPC/EC for projects above Rs.500
crores to:
• Set overall targets (limits) for cost and
time overruns.
• Debottleneck and accelerate project
implementation
• Coordinate with GOI and implementing
agencies to resolve PM issues
• Review cost and times overruns.
• Defining processes at State level for
project related clearances &
monitoring clearances
• Mentoring of State Government
agencies for improving project
management processes and dealing
with exceptions.
• Improve contract agreements and
management, including effective
dispute resolution.
MOSPI, PMO/PMG and PRAGATI platform
have different activities of project
management and monitoring. The tools
adopted are more of MIS / escalation
management. It is important that the
Project Management Information System
(PMIS) be used by the implementing
agencies and in turn integrated with
OCMS to provide near real-time
information related to the project. More
importantly, for effective tracking and
monitoring of key public projects, there
should be a single cell at the national
level.
16
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
17
CHAPTER III
THE FRAMEWORK PROPOSED BY THE TASKFORCE
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
18
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
19
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
20
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
21
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
22
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
23 1
(NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
24
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
25
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
26
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries. (NICPP) may be created. Similar to the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), NICPP may become the
nodal institution to create a resource
pool of competent project
professionals.
• It is proposed to have enough human
& financial resources for Project
Management support.
• The Program may be analyzed based
on a number of projects &
sub-projects and prioritized based on
the national importance, amount of
investment, impact on economy and
society at large, etc.
• The Standards adopted by BIS could
be the platform for the Project
management related issues. Moreover,
it could also function as the
mechanism for implementation of
large-scale projects (Central/State) in
the country at an apex level through
an authoritative body, which will also
target the integration of existing
monitoring mechanisms like
PRAGATI/OCMS, etc.
B. To establish and oversee the adoption
of standards/methodology, policies
and guidelines including Project
Management Policy Framework of
knowledge areas for program and
project management.
Project/ Program Management has
grown to be accepted as a formal
profession across the world. In the UK,
project managers were given Royal
Chartered status in 2016. In the USA,
Program Management Improvement
and Accountability Act (PMIAA) is
being implemented throughout the
U.S. Federal Government. The focus is
on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of project/
program management, establishing a
program management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government.
In India, presently, there is no formal
approach to project management
hence the focus should be on
developing a robust methodology to
develop competent project
management professionals where they
go through a structured way of
acquiring knowledge followed by its
practical application in the industry
and government institutions/sectors.
Diploma/ degree in Project
Management which combines
Learning to the application at the
workplace followed by measuring the
benefits and documenting the best
practices should be encouraged
enabling the creation of a large
number of professionally competent
project managers.
• It is necessary to first develop National
Project Management Policy Framework
in long run and a mandate on the
implementation of the policy followed
by creation of a nodal body “National
Institute of Chartered Project
Professional (NICPP)” under its aegis.
The nodal body may assume the
The Task Force suggests the following
with respect to the mandate given:
A. To suggest policy, procedural and
institutional measures including
examining the requirement of
separate legislation and/or
designating a separate
agency/inter-agency forum/office to
facilitate better project management
of Public-Sector/ PPP projects.
It is important to understand that large
projects involve multiple stakeholders,
and require significant funds and time
to complete, consequently the
traditional ways of managing projects
would prove ineffective. Project
management practices, implemented
from day one, would help in getting
complex projects completed and
delivered with quality, on time and
within budget. Accordingly, it is
suggested to develop a National
Project/ Program Management Policy
Framework (NPMPF) considering the
specific issues and requirements of the
nation as a whole – such as contracts
in public /private/ state sector,
infrastructure, Health, Safety and
Environmental issues, CSR
requirements, etc.
Furthermore, it is proposed that a
centralized committee may be formed
which may be called the “Committee
on Project/ Program Management
(CPM)”, comprising of the members of
existing Task Force on Project
Management to develop NPMPF and
its implementation, for review &
monitoring in a few public-sector
projects undertaken in the country
across sectors. The said committee
may be assisted by a team of experts
in infrastructure, project finance,
delivery and legal sectors with
expertise in project and program
management as well as members from
MoSPI and PMG/ PRAGATI. The
proposed committee will work with
different Government
Ministries/Departments and other
stakeholders.
• It is proposed that during the initial
phase (as per the directions of Cabinet
Secretariat), the Committee on
Project/ Program Management
including the team of professionals
under them may function under the
aegis of NITI Aayog. However, in the
eventuality that the system of
centralized agency is established by
such enabling legal/policy
frameworks, the committee and team
of professionals may be given a
recognized status and function
independently under the appropriate
Ministry/Department of Govt. of India
as notified.
• In the UK, Royal Chartered Status is
given to the project management
profession, similarly a separate
institution as National Institute of
Chartered Project Professional
leadership role in creating massive
awareness of the imperatives of the
project management profession and
also act as a custodian of the best
practices in various sectors of industry
and governments both national and
international.
• This nodal body will also be the
nationally registered body working
together with Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) that
will formalize the field of project
management to mainstream graduate
level and advanced level courses in
universities (Management, Engineering
etc.)
• The nodal body may also work as the
think tank for the Project/ Program
Management, as the central repository
of knowledge for all major public
sector/private Projects under various
sectors for review and monitoring. It
should partner with existing
institutions in this domain to leverage
the strength and be able to go to
market quicker. It could encourage
organizations to carry out maturity
assessment levels specific to Indian
environment and in particular
CPSEs/PPP.
• As mentioned earlier, project
management practices need
refurbishment from time to time as the
profession evolves; and therefore; any
certification in this profession also has
to be constantly evolving.
Its scope of work could be as follows:
(i) Preparation of policy framework for
Project/ Program Management.
(ii) Project/ Program development &
planning including - structuring &
financing, monitoring and controls.
(iii) Reporting of projects/ programs
progress as per the requirement of
the apex committee (Dashboard
reporting for top authority and
Detailed reports for respective
functions).
(iv) Project/ program management
methodologies & best practices,
which are also adopted by BIS.
(v) Developing and managing project/
program policies, procedures,
templates and other shared
documentation in consultation with
leading global associations.
(vi) Create a Knowledge Management
System on Project/ Program
Management and managing shared
resources across the project/
programs.
(vii) Oversight on adoption of Project
and Program Management
Framework.
(viii) Coordination communications
across projects/ programs
stakeholders.
(ix) Monitor issues, facilitate for removal
of bottlenecks and recommend
practices on how to manage pitfalls.
(x) Institutionalize the field of Project/
Program Management in the
country.
(xi) Conduct appropriate courses and
award degree etc. on Project
Management as an autonomous
body.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF should refer to the global best
standards on Project / Program
management; suggest procedures, and
guidelines for effective project execution
of public sector and PPP projects. These
procedures and guidelines should be
made part of all future contracts.
Simultaneously, a separate Project/
Program Management delivery team can
be assigned to audit the delivery issues
with mega projects and recommend
"fixes" to the existing projects. This will
ensure the knowledge transfer in the
laggard public-Sector/ PPP projects. This
will also enhance the project
management capabilities of public
sector/ PPP projects. Simulation models
can also be used for establishing cause
and effect relationship of various
decisions in a simulated environment.
• The NPMPF should also publish annual
best practices guideline based on
national/ global practices and project
learnings. The guidelines shall have a
mandatory and optional category of
recommendations such as the following:
o Waterfall methodology to be
adopted for executing any publicly
funded project with preference to
PPP(BOT), PPP(Annuity) followed by
EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey basis. The
award of contract based on item rates
to be discouraged and avoided.
o A robust two-stage bidding process
comprising of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereby obtaining
the most competitive financial
proposal from the shortlisted
bidders to be adopted.
o All the projects should go through
gate stages.
o At the bidding stage, the scope of
work should be well defined and
include sufficient information in the
bid to limit the scope of change
orders, risks etc. thus avoiding cost
overruns and schedule delays.
o Shareholder agreement, State
support agreements be included in
the contract to ensure timely
availability of land/ infrastructure
and other clearances etc. for
project execution.
o Bidder pre-qualification criteria
should ensure that the Best
Available Technology (BAT) is
employed in any given project.
o Project Management Consultant
(PMC) with a proven record and
certified project managers, to
review the detail project design in
parallel. The design /very critical
components of design should also
be reviewed and commented upon
by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The
review and comments should be
provided within a defined timeline
of (15) days and be limited to
compliance with the specifications
and standards provided in the
bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design would continue to vest with
the contractor irrespective of
whether the Authority has reviewed
the same or not.
o Payments should be milestone/
outcome based starting with the
completion of a stage of
construction work with payment
after supply and Installation of
equipment. Early achievements of
key targets should be incentivized.
C. To examine and create the necessary
wherewithal for developing skilled
Project Management professionals,
including institutionalizing project
management in vocational education,
training and recruitment, promotion
etc., and establishing a dedicated
Institute including laying down
guidelines, course-curriculum,
syllabus, qualifications etc. for
developing a cadre of PM
professionals.
It is important to introduce project
and program management in the core
curriculum of engineering,
management and other technical
institutes. The government can help in
expediting the process by pushing the
project management courses in the
Government institutes of national
repute. Once these institutes make the
change others across the country are
expected to follow. At the same time,
it is important to introduce project
management course at the senior
secondary level also. It will help youth
to strengthen their preparation for
work and be “Industry Ready”. Take,
for instance, more than 100 institutes
in China offer courses specific to
project management whereas this
number is less than 10 in India, at
present. We should also start looking
at encouraging Universities in India to
establish accredited degree programs
as in the case of China.
• Project Management should be
recognized as a discipline of graduate
and postgraduate courses. These
courses are required to be tailor-made
to the Indian context enriched with
the experiences faced by the project
implementation authorities on-ground.
• The curriculum to address following
knowledge areas for project
management and should consider the
project from concept to
commissioning encompassing all life
cycle phases i.e. Conceptualize, Plan,
Organize, Implement, Control,
Integrate, Deliver/closeout and
Knowledge Leverage:
o Stakeholder Management
o Project Delivery system such as PPP,
Design /Build, EPC etc.
o Project Finance
o Scope Management
o Time Management
o Cost Management
o Quality Management
o Human Resource Management
o Communication handling
o Risk Management
o Procurement & Contract
Management
o Communication Management
o Performance Evaluation and Project
Monitoring Systems
o Integration Management
o Safety Management
o Health and Environment
Management
o Corporate Social Responsibility
o Soft Dimensions covering
Leadership, Motivation, Conflict
Resolution, Problem Solving,
Presentation skills etc.
• The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF will have tie-ups with nodal
agencies at State levels to strengthen
project and program management
discipline, competency and capability
of officials engaged in critical projects.
• The nodal body will design various
course modules which could suit
engineering colleges as well as
management schools across the
country.
• The nodal body will publish Best
Practices in consultation with leading
global institutions (Annexure C) as well
as will have enough resources of its
own for the supervision of its
implementation on the ground.
• Once the National Project Management
Policy Framework is in place, it can lay
down guidelines for human resources
in the public sector for projects and
programs, including recruitment and
training. Recruitment policies to
projects may outline assessment
framework covering professional and
personal competencies, knowledge,
global certification and experience. For
better project management in Indian
industry, project management
Certifications, Diploma and Degree
programs should also address the
specific requirement of India.
D. To build competence of contracting
firms and public-sector organizations
through the adoption of contract
clauses and processes for improving
governance including transparency
and accountability, efficiency and
effective use of public resources with
reference to the best practices.
The nodal body constituted under
NPMPF can also be authorized to review
the intricacies of various
public-sector/private/PPP contracts
within definite time periods and evolve
the best contracting practices through
consultation of stakeholders as
implementing agencies, contractors
and consultants. As an example, the
contractual framework under the DMIC
Project is given in Annexure D. The
expert pool under the nodal body could
study the best practices in contract
management followed across the world
including World Bank and other
international institutions. NITI Aayog
may undertake to prepare a model
Request for Proposal (RFP) document
for engagement of Project/ Program
Management Consultant (PMC).
It is necessary that the best practices
evolved for India should be based on
specific requirements from the local
context through the integration of
various governance parameters. At the
same time, it is important to ensure
that Training on Project Management is
a part of the performance indicator for
professionals at managerial as well as
specialist roles in Central and State
Governments as well as in
construction/contracting firms
involved in public sector projects.
Moreover, it is important to include
"Project/ Program Management" as a
core competence in RFQ documents
while awarding projects as well as
while hiring Project Management
Consultant (PMC). For example, PMC
should demonstrate experience of
managing Projects/ Programs as per
global best practices and should have
certified project managers in the team
before hiring them.
E. To liaison and coordinate with State
and Central Governments/Entities to
raise massive awareness amongst all
the stakeholders about the
importance of good project
management practices and resolving
project management issues,
debottlenecking and accelerating
project implementation of public
sector/PPP projects.
Comprehensive Project/Program
management principles can be
applied across the projects/programs.
In order to have massive awareness of
good project management across all
stakeholders, short term programs
that range from 1 - 2 days duration to
3 - 5 days should be evolved in
consultations with the various
stakeholders thereby creating a
project mindset across all levels in
respective nodal authorities. This
would help them understand how the
project/program will unfold and get
them to help with risk identification,
communication planning etc. In fact,
some fundamental concepts using
simple language covering time, Cost
and Quality may be introduced at the
school and college levels. The
practical approach to project/
program management teaching should
be adopted so that the society at
large understands the concepts and
benefits from the same.
In conclusion, it is extremely important
to understand that the right people
with the right skillset are essentially
required for making any project a
success. Managing these high-value
public sector projects requires a great
deal of time, skill, efforts, which all the
more highlights the need for adopting
project management discipline within
the day to day functioning.
Given the fact that Government /
Public Sector is increasingly challenged
to do more with less, it will need these
project & program management skills
to manage the complex projects and
programs with quality, on time and
within budget. It is important that a
standardized approach is followed to
augment these skills in officials with
different levels of experience across
Central/ State Governments.
Accordingly, it is recommended that:
• Project Management be included as
one of the key skills for Competency
development of all officials and it
should be a part of their Performance
Management System.
• Skills of all officials working on
projects be enhanced through
in-house training activities and
sustained thrust on Project/ Program
Management.
The Task Force after detailed
deliberations suggested following course
of action/ recommendations:
1. Recommendation for setting up of a
nodal body for certification of
chartered project management
professionals under the legislative
course has been made by the Task
Force. While the constitution of nodal
body through the legislative framework
has been agreed to, in view of the time
required for the various procedures and
approvals involved as well as the
pressing need for project/ program
management professionals
requirements of the upcoming projects,
in the interim the mandate is decided
to be undertaken on a fast track
through Quality Council of India (QCI).
QCI shall work in collaboration with
associations like International Institute
of Projects and Program Management
(I2P2M), Project Management Institute
(PMI) and others for initiating the work
on draft policy framework, designing
the courses and certification of project
Management professional for Indian
context. Inputs may be taken from the
globally recognized qualifications
available, for this purpose. Project
Appraisal and Management Division of
NITI Aayog as secretariat of the task
force will be the nodal contact point
for any further consultations.
2. India will need heavy investments in
next decades in various sectors like
Infrastructure, Social etc. to uplift the
quality of life for its citizens. With most
of the investments will be in the form
of programs and projects, it is very
important that these programs and
projects deliver in time and budget up
to the satisfaction of end user (i.e.
Time- Cost- Quality). On one hand we
have very good examples for adoption
of best practices and directly
replicable models and such practices
needs quick adoption, on the other
hand many projects are still grappling
with issues of overruns and inability to
deliver desired outcome.
Opportunities exist for learning the
lessons as well as best practices from
one project and organization to
another in different Ministries and
across the sectors, which each
CPSE/Dept./Ministry must exploit.
3. The plausible solution lies in project/
program-oriented mind set. Award of
future contracts to be given to those
organizations having certified project
management professionals and
include project management as core
competence within RFQ
documentation. Immediate thrust to
be given to adopt best Project/
Program management practices,
standards/ methodologies, tool &
techniques. All necessary measures to
be taken create massive awareness
between all the stakeholders i.e.
State/ Central Governments / Entities
about the importance of good project
management practices.
4. Front End processes are very crucial in
all the public projects. Project
tendering must not be a hush-hush
activity carried out without heavy
investment in pre-project planning to
avoid scope and design creeps.
Pushing a project into execution
without due diligence at the
beginning is a major reason for failure
of projects. According to the principle
of front-end process, quality time and
resources invested in good scoping,
structuring, definition and
documentation before a project is
awarded gives much more higher
returns, better outcome and a satisfied
delivery. All the projects must go
through stage gate-based project
delivery framework. After conceiving
a project idea all the alternatives need
to be evaluated well in feasibility
study. Final alternative may be
selected after internal benchmarking
of data and implementation of a
revalidation process of preliminary
studies.
5. Post identification of a project,
Detailed stakeholder consultations,
Legal cum regulatory due diligence,
Detailed Techno-Economic feasibility,
land acquisition, Upfront clearances
and approvals and interdepartmental
coordination must be undertaken.
Earmarking of budget/ separate
allocation may be considered at the
Ministerial/departmental level for
pre-feasibility studies and Pre-Project
Planning. Detailed geological/ soil
investigation reports to be carried out
to avoid major surprises at a later
stage. Encourage use of latest
technologies like Mobile Mapping,
Geospatial Analytics, use of drones,
PMIS etc.
6. Germinate the guidelines for execution
of individual Projects under a Project
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or cell
starting from the stage of EFC/PIB
approval. Land Acquisition in such
case needs to be undertaken through
the SPV which shall house all the land
required for the Project as well as all
related approvals and clearances. SPV
shall then bid out the
Project/undertake implementation as
required.
7. Land acquisition is a major issue for
delay in project execution, hence at
least ~90% contiguous land of the
total land requirement to be
completed at the time of EFC
approval as well before the time of
tendering of a contract. ~90% of
acquired land necessarily needs to be
contiguous except in case of linear
projects (rail, roads etc.) where
contiguous stretches of at least 40% of
the total project length must be
available to ensure seamless execution
of the work with clearly laid down
plans for the balance and adequate
penalties on the Govt. authority for
the non-compliance. This shall make
project bankable and with easy
financial closure.
8. In view of inconsistencies in
Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
policies within a state, it has been
decided that Authorities shall
undertake efforts for making them
uniform at State level.
9. Share Holder Agreement (SHA) and
State Support Agreement (SSA)
should be included in the contract.
On the matter of State Support
Agreements, it must be ensured that
the same may currently be
undertaken under executive order of
State Cabinet and the process for
legislative agreements may be
undertaken with the passage of time.
10. One of the best Program/ Project
Management Consultant (PMC)
should be engaged through a robust
and transparent bidding process in
early stages responsible for complete
lifecycle of the project, who will bring
in value through the life cycles of
project like project scoping,
structuring, execution and closure.
NITI Aayog will prepare a model
document for engagement of PMC
for program/ project execution.
11. Project Scope and Project Definition
needs to be mature with mature
design basis, Basic Design, KPIs etc.
to avoid design /scope creep as well
change orders. Focus has to be on
quality Detailed Project Report (DPR)
or Front-End Engineering Design
(FEED).
12. During procurement stage it is very
essential to use right bidding
methodology as well procurement
mode. Draft Concession agreement
should use model documents (if any)
as base. The model documents
should incorporate all the
international best practices available
in FIDIC conditions of Contract. A
robust two stage bidding mechanism
to be adopted with thoughtful
qualification, technical and financial
criteria, to bring the best of players
on board for project execution.
Selection criteria must be set that
ensures the best bidders as well as
Best Available Technologies (BAT) are
employed in any given project.
13. Waterfall Methodology for
undertaking the Projects in order of
execution modes of BOT/BOOT,
Annuity/Toll and Hybrid Annuity under
Public-Private Partnership followed by
Engineering procurement Construction
(EPC) as last resort has been strongly
recommended during Project
development and procurement. Item
rate contracts should be completely
discouraged. The Waterfall
methodology to be adopted for all the
Projects as key recommendation and
the same shall be used as filter criteria
for deciding mode of execution and
adequate due diligence needs to be
conducted prior to arriving at a
decision. Ministries/ organizations shall
be required to test the Project on such
filters so as to undertake the Project
under the most preferential mode in
the waterfall and the approvals will be
sought accordingly.
14. Payment Terms to the contractor/
consultants shall be milestone based
starting with the completion of a
stage of construction work. Payment
should be made for the equipment
after supply and installation. Early
achievement of key targets should be
incentivized. Timely and late payments
to contractors should be suitably
incentivized/ dis incentivized.
15. QCI shall also be entrusted with the
rating of suppliers, contractors etc.
engaged in project execution and
provide vendor score cards, shall
assist in measuring vendor
performance in different areas such as
delivery, service, cost and quality and
finally promotes a
performance-based culture.
16. Institutionalization of knowledge
leverage of the learning in successful
projects needs to be ensured so that
they can be used in other projects by
various Ministries/ Departments/
Entities. Each Ministry may take
sector specific initiatives to issue
guidelines or publish best practices in
project execution. NITI Aayog may
consider publishing annual papers on
the best practices in project
execution across the sectors.
It is strongly suggested to initiate and
conclude actions on the task force
recommendations as mentioned
above but not limited to these, at the
earliest by all the Administrative
Ministries.
27 A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
ANNEXURE A
GLOBAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
28
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). 29
A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). 30
A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). 31
A. USA
The US Government has recently
signed the Program Management
Improvement and Accountability Act
of 2015 (PMIAA) into law which
impacts all areas of the government
with the exception of the Department
of Defense. The Department of
Defense has to comply with its own
specific project and program
management capability requirements
mandated by law. The Act ensures
high-level sponsorship is in place to
reduce waste, increase success ratios
within all federal agencies and create
essential value for taxpayers.
The focus is on the development of a
standards-based model for program
management, ensuring responsibility
and accountability for delivery of
program results, increasing program
performance and results by
establishing practices of program
management, establishing a program
management career field and
consequently improving effectiveness
and efficacy of the Government. It
spells out the necessity for all federal
agencies to have an assigned senior
executive accountable for program
management strategy and policies to
ensure success. This legislation also
helps to establish a program
management interagency council to
facilitate the sharing of successful
practices and Project Management
knowledge for continued
improvements.
B. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
KSA also faced many issues in
achieving the objectives set out in its
National Development Strategy known
as Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision
2030 has a number of programs
targeting the Financial Sector, Quality
of Life, Privatization, Public Investment
and Fiscal Balance. To achieve such an
ambitious goal without a clear set of
Project Management Guidelines for
each program to follow was not
feasible. Additionally, without a clear
set of guidelines standardizing the
quality and intended timeline of a
project, contracts were awarded on
the lowest price basis, which meant
that at times the most effective
contractor was not hired. The
long-term impact of this means the
quality of projects is compromised. To
combat this, the KSA established a
new National Project Management
Office (NPMO) which envisaged
outlining a standard approach to
managing projects in an effective
manner.
The new NPMO then created a
standardized organizational model,
which government entities in the
Kingdom would implement and follow.
Each entity would set up its own
Entity Project Management Office
(EPMO). Each EPMO will be established
and run by a Management Consultant,
and each office will develop a
strategic planning procedure to
outline five-year infrastructure plans.
These five-year strategic plans are
then sent to the NPMO, which uses this
information to consolidate a National
Integrated Infrastructure Plan.
The NPMO will provide mandatory
guidelines for all procedures in the
project, which will be implemented by
each EPMO. The effectiveness of this
new strategy is then evaluated by the
NPMO. The outcomes of establishing a
set of guidelines mean that the risk of
unnecessary investments and
additional costs is significantly
reduced. Additionally, the initial
planning stage of a project will
become notably more effective, where
factors such as location, accessibility
of services and other important
considerations will occur before the
engineering phase begins.
Another issue faced before the NPMO
was set up was the lack of effective
knowledge transfer in during the
commissioning phase. To combat this
issue, the NPMO will provide training
to the entity the project is being
handed over to, to encourage
self-sufficiency and long-term
sustainability. Furthermore,
management consultants brought in to
work in the EPMOs will be required to
work with new graduates and existing
Ministry Staff as part of their training.
The company managing the program
will then be held accountable for
assigning individuals to roles that they
are best suited for based on their
performance, along with providing
them with an individual career
development plan. These plans are
submitted to the NPMO to ensure that
effective knowledge transfer is
occurring at every level.
The NPMO Program of activities intends
to deliver the following objectives:
• The alignment of national standards
and methodologies through a
universal policy,
• The enablement of EPMOs to provide
training and guidance to improve their
capabilities,
• Support provided to the EPMOs
through resources to execute their
alignment requirements.
• The evaluation of the effectiveness of
each EPMO in terms of how their
execution compares to national
standards and the monitoring of their
critical project performance.
As of May 22nd, 2018, the IMF Staff that
visited KSA to issue a preliminary report
concluded:
• Growth is expected to increase this
year as the reforms implemented take
hold,
• Good progress is being made in
implementing the reform program to
increase non-oil-based revenue, in
which one of the primary challenges
remains in sustaining the undertaking
of the reforms.
C. China
China realized the importance of
Project Management very early since
the 1960s. Following that, many
project management software based
on CPM/PERT were developed by
Chinese software and engineering
engineers and applied to defense,
aerospace and construction sectors in
the 1980s. At the same, The World
Bank also provided a stimulus for
project management to grow at a very
fast pace in China. The World Bank
offered a number of training programs
in Beijing, Dalian and Shanghai, aimed
at improving the project management
capability of China since it started
lending to China in the early 1980s.
Similarly, the Ministry of Construction
(MOC) also played a leading role in
promoting project management in
China. In June 1992, MOC issued a
notice to all the state-owned
construction enterprises stating that
Project Management be made
mandatory for textbooks, tests and
certificates to meet the standards of
MOC. Importantly, State Owned
Enterprises in China attach preference
to the contractors who hold proven
project management credentials and
have been acknowledged to execute
and deliver a project efficiently in the
past. MOC has evolved its own
certification system suiting to their
specific requirements. This completely
removes the possibility of some of the
challenges that occur during the
execution stage of the project; lack of
technical capability, insufficient
manpower, poor coordination and
communication within the executing
team members, improper utilization of
the resources etc., to name a few.
As in other parts of the world, project
management is no longer limited to
construction but has been adopted in
most economic sectors in China.
State Administration of Foreign Experts
Affairs (SAFEA), Govt. of China is
working on strengthening the project
management competency and
capability of both the private sector
and Government officials.
Furthermore, the focus is to transform
the existing qualified research and
management institutions into
standardized project management
professional bodies.
D. United Kingdom (UK)
In the United Kingdom, the
Infrastructure & Projects Authority (IPA)
is the government’s centre of
expertise for infrastructure and major
projects. The IPA prioritizes the
effective delivery of projects through
the establishment of five core teams
(Finance and International, Operations,
Project Profession and Standards,
Strategy and Policy & Infrastructure
Delivery) that address each aspect of
the implementation of a large project.
IPA also provides oversight of projects
and programs in its portfolio;
intervenes when major issues surface;
etc. IPA has a much greater hands-on
engagement with the Senior
Responsible Officer for each project/
program than this implies. In many
ways, the IPA is a Strategic Program
Management Office.
With an objective to strengthen
project management capabilities
within the Government of UK, is also
developing a Project Management
framework, which would help in
adoption and effective utilization of
globally leading best practices. It has
released a Standard on Project
Delivery, focusing on the direction and
management of portfolios, programs
and projects ensuring value for money
and the successful, timely and
cost-effective delivery of government
policy and business objectives.
The Standard lays out responsibilities
of each of the nodal agencies, senior
responsible owners thus ensuring the
breadth of practices required for
successful delivery of projects,
programs and portfolio. It delineates
the guidelines for officials directing
and managing portfolios, programs
and projects which include defining
accountabilities and responsibilities
which are mutually consistent and
traceable across all levels of
management, ensuring experience and
lessons are captured, shared and used
to promote future performance
improvement.
E. European Union
European Union has established
project management capacity as
criteria for selecting beneficiaries of
EU Cohesion and Structural Funds.
Two key financial instruments of EU
regional policy-making are available
up to €366.8 billion to invest across
the EU economy. As a result, project
management will be at the forefront of
levelling economic disparities
between EU member states through
2020.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). Under the DMIC Project, "Greenfield
Industrial Smart Cities" matching global
standards have been conceived to be
developed, and currently, four such cities
are being implemented. These cities are
the outcome of various infrastructure
projects across different sectors like the
creation of trunk infrastructure,
expressways, airports, logistics hubs, etc.
The nature of these mega projects is
quite complex in terms of managing a
variety of stakeholders, contractors,
construction activities and day-to-day
scheduling & planning, etc. The projects
require a high level of resource efficiency,
manpower, skills and greater
coordination amongst all concerned. To
ensure day-to-day monitoring and
resource planning, etc. for effective
project delivery so as to avoid the
inordinate time and cost overruns,
Program Management Consultants
(PMCs) have been engaged.
The Program Managers work in an
integrated manner entwining all the
projects and sub-projects envisaged in
the whole program. These PMCs are now
acting as an extended arm of the SPVs
created to manage these cities. Apart
from providing technical capacity to
manage and monitor the day-to-day
complex activities in these mega
projects, the PMCs bring in best of
world-class technologies and standards
in the development strategy of the
industrial cities.
The PMCs act as an in-house core
technical team in the SPVs to effectively
plan and monitor all required activities in
the delivery of the project right from
conceiving the project to
implementation and final allotment &
monitoring. The PMCs constitute a team
of technical experts ranging from
engineers, schedulers, planners,
architects, etc. headed by a Project
Manager. The technical team also is
equipped with Project Managers in
different sectors for effective
management of separate complex
projects like for e.g. EPC contract for
construction of roads, services & utilities,
Water Treatment Plant (WTP), Sewerage
Treatment Plant (STP), etc.
Owing to the highly complex nature of
such projects, the “Hybrid Model” of
Project Management is usually followed
wherein the traditional approach is
formalized through a technologically
driven & more agile management
practice.
ANNEXURE B
SHENDRA INDUSTRIAL AREA GREENFIELD INDUSTRIAL SMART CITY
PROJECT: A CASE STUDY
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
32 The Shendra Bidkin Industrial Area is
located southeast of the city of
Aurangabad with connectivity from
SH-148 (Paithan Road), SH-178 (Jalna
Road), and National Highway (NH) 211.
The delineated land spreads over 25
villages in Aurangabad and Paithan
tehsils.
Project Components:
• Roads and Utility Services;
• Rail Over Bridges (ROBs);
• Sewage Treatment Plant (STP),
Common Effluent Treatment Plant
(CETP) and Solid Waste Management
(SWM);
• District Administrative Building (DAB)
for SBIA; and
• Area Landscaping for Phase-I of SBIA.
In the Case of development &
SHENDRA INDUSTRIAL AREA PROJECT AT A GLANCE:
Total Area
84 sq.km
Total area in Phase-1
40.0 sq.km
Target Population
0.5 Million
Total Approved Project Cost for Shendra IA -
1533.45 INR crore
Target Employment
0.75 Million
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
33 34
The Shendra Bidkin Industrial Area is
located southeast of the city of
Aurangabad with connectivity from
SH-148 (Paithan Road), SH-178 (Jalna
Road), and National Highway (NH) 211.
The delineated land spreads over 25
villages in Aurangabad and Paithan
tehsils.
Project Components:
• Roads and Utility Services;
• Rail Over Bridges (ROBs);
• Sewage Treatment Plant (STP),
Common Effluent Treatment Plant
(CETP) and Solid Waste Management
(SWM);
• District Administrative Building (DAB)
for SBIA; and
• Area Landscaping for Phase-I of SBIA.
In the Case of development &
implementation of Shendra Industrial
Area (SIA), Aurangabad in Maharashtra
under DMIC Project, the Program
Managers have been able to achieve
timely delivery of city infrastructure
works under the contractual period
without cost overruns. The PMC has
set an exemplary case ensuring the
best standards & practices which can
be set as a benchmark for future
projects. The allotment of land has
already started in Shendra Industrial
Area, where 45 plots have been
allotted to different industries. Some
of the salient Project Management
Practices followed are as given below:
• The key stakeholders on the project
were identified early and the vision
and end goal that was mutually
established followed by the vision
implementation plan. This was made
binding on all. A 100-day
implementation plan was developed
which set the way forward;
• Identified key staff from the PMC team
and held workshops to explain the
vision and goal. Then individual
assignments were given to all the
concerned;
• Majority of projects fail due to lack of
project planning and not aligning the
schedule and budget with vision. The
team in Shendra-Bidkin Industrial Area
spent 3 months in planning and
developing an implementation
schedule. The whole planning and
preliminary design work took almost
11 months resulting in the
implementation to be completed
within 24 months which normally
would have taken 40 months to
complete. The result was that the
project was completed within the
budget and with no additional change
orders;
• The critical path was determined early
during the planning stage, and
measures were taken which gave the
float for utilities and allowed the
contractor to work on multiple fronts;
• Document control system i.e. MIS was
implemented from day one for all the
projects and tracking was done live;
• Chattering sessions (Workshops) were
held with the contractors for design
and implementation so that both
teams know each other’s expectations
and how to work together as one
team;
• Usage of advanced software’s like GIS
& BIM eliminated the need to rework
on utility connections at the allotment
stage.
• Safety factors: From the day the
contractor came onboard safety was
emphasized and the monitoring and
implementation started. A lot of
educational materials were provided
to the workers on Safety and all the
meetings started with a safety note.
Incentives were given for the best
safety performance to the
workers/contractors. The Motto of
"Beyond Zero" was made as a slogan
for the project.
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP). ANNEXURE C
GLOBAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
35 36
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 37
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
ANNEXURE D
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION MODEL UNDER THE DMIC PROJECT
The contractual structure for DMIC
Project has been finalized after
exhaustive deliberations amongst and
due consideration of the concerns and
suggestions put forth by the
stakeholders. The transaction
documents, the roles and responsibilities
of the Parties hereto and the mitigation
measures incorporated in the transaction
documents to address potential issues
have been provided as below:
The contractual structure for the DMIC
Project envisages the fundamental
involvement of the following three
entities:
• The government of India represented
by the DMIC Trust.
• State Government represented by the
relevant Nodal Agency for the
respective State.
• The SPV (already incorporated or to be
incorporated at the time of execution)
with equal shareholding by NICDIT
(National Industrial Corridor
Development & Implementation Trust)
and the Nodal Agency.
Shareholders Agreement (“SHA”)
The SHA includes the covenants
governing the relationship between the
State Government and NICDIT in their
capacity as the shareholders in the SPV.
Rights and liabilities of each of the
parties have been provided in the SHA
along with the equity structure and the
mechanism of procuring such equity in
the SPV. The procedure for decision
making at the meeting of the Board of
Directors and the general meeting has
been substantially detailed.
State Support Agreement (“SSA”)
The State Government has a crucial role
in the DMIC Project. State Governments
have been accorded expansive powers
under various State legislation, which
need to be assigned to the SPV in order
to ensure functional autonomy of the
SPV. The Parties endeavor to achieve the
above-stated objective by means of an
SSA, whereby the State Government
undertakes, inter alia, to:
• Delegate the relevant powers and
functions under various State
legislation;
• Not act in a manner that may be
detrimental to the implementation of
the DMIC Project; and
• Accord its full support and assistance
in obtaining the various approvals,
permits, exemptions etc. as may be
required by the SPV for the
implementation of the project.
DMIC Project is a large-scale project and
requires a contractual framework that
ensures a balance of risks between the
Union Government and the State
Government. DMICDC being the nodal
agency to spearhead the development of
the DMIC Project & other Industrial
Corridor Projects and whose functions
include but are not limited to acting as
the project development partner and
knowledge partner for the project. The
process of activities being undertaken for
the development of industrial corridor
projects is given below:
Step 1: Preparation of the Perspective
Plan for the overall Industrial
Corridor Region
Step 2: Identification of suitable sites by
the State Government which can
be developed as the Investment
Region/ Industrial Area under
said Industrial Corridor
Step 3: Preparation of Concept Master
Plan and Development Plan of
the identified nodes
Step 4: Preparation of Feasibility Studies
for Early Bird Projects identified
in consultation with the State
Government and preparation of
pre-feasibility studies for the
identified projects
Step 5: Preparation of Information and
Communication Technology
(ICT)/ Digital Master Planning for
the Nodes
Step 6: Seeking Environment clearance
for the Nodes
Step 7: Identification of Trunk
infrastructure packages and
preparation of detailed designs
for Trunk infrastructure like
internal roads, drinking water
management, sewage, drainage,
power, solid waste
management, laying down of
ICT layer
Step 8: Finalization of the Regulatory
and Institutional Framework
Step 9: Execution of SHA and SSA
Step 10: Incorporation of Node/ city level
SPV or Incorporation of project
SPVs.
Step 11: Detailed engineering of Trunk
Infrastructure
Step 12: Implementation of trunk
infrastructure. Allotment of
developed land
Step 13: Structuring of projects to be bid
out under PPP
Step 14: Bidding of PPP projects
Step 15: Replication of implementation
model for the development of
future phases
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
38
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 39
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
The contractual structure for DMIC
Project has been finalized after
exhaustive deliberations amongst and
due consideration of the concerns and
suggestions put forth by the
stakeholders. The transaction
documents, the roles and responsibilities
of the Parties hereto and the mitigation
measures incorporated in the transaction
documents to address potential issues
have been provided as below:
The contractual structure for the DMIC
Project envisages the fundamental
involvement of the following three
entities:
• The government of India represented
by the DMIC Trust.
• State Government represented by the
relevant Nodal Agency for the
respective State.
• The SPV (already incorporated or to be
incorporated at the time of execution)
with equal shareholding by NICDIT
(National Industrial Corridor
Development & Implementation Trust)
and the Nodal Agency.
Shareholders Agreement (“SHA”)
The SHA includes the covenants
governing the relationship between the
State Government and NICDIT in their
capacity as the shareholders in the SPV.
Rights and liabilities of each of the
parties have been provided in the SHA
along with the equity structure and the
mechanism of procuring such equity in
the SPV. The procedure for decision
making at the meeting of the Board of
Directors and the general meeting has
been substantially detailed.
State Support Agreement (“SSA”)
The State Government has a crucial role
in the DMIC Project. State Governments
have been accorded expansive powers
under various State legislation, which
need to be assigned to the SPV in order
to ensure functional autonomy of the
SPV. The Parties endeavor to achieve the
above-stated objective by means of an
SSA, whereby the State Government
undertakes, inter alia, to:
• Delegate the relevant powers and
functions under various State
legislation;
• Not act in a manner that may be
detrimental to the implementation of
the DMIC Project; and
• Accord its full support and assistance
in obtaining the various approvals,
permits, exemptions etc. as may be
required by the SPV for the
implementation of the project.
DMIC Project is a large-scale project and
requires a contractual framework that
ensures a balance of risks between the
Union Government and the State
Government. DMICDC being the nodal
agency to spearhead the development of
the DMIC Project & other Industrial
Corridor Projects and whose functions
include but are not limited to acting as
the project development partner and
knowledge partner for the project. The
process of activities being undertaken for
the development of industrial corridor
projects is given below:
Step 1: Preparation of the Perspective
Plan for the overall Industrial
Corridor Region
Step 2: Identification of suitable sites by
the State Government which can
be developed as the Investment
Region/ Industrial Area under
said Industrial Corridor
Step 3: Preparation of Concept Master
Plan and Development Plan of
the identified nodes
Step 4: Preparation of Feasibility Studies
for Early Bird Projects identified
in consultation with the State
Government and preparation of
pre-feasibility studies for the
identified projects
Step 5: Preparation of Information and
Communication Technology
(ICT)/ Digital Master Planning for
the Nodes
Step 6: Seeking Environment clearance
for the Nodes
Step 7: Identification of Trunk
infrastructure packages and
preparation of detailed designs
for Trunk infrastructure like
internal roads, drinking water
management, sewage, drainage,
power, solid waste
management, laying down of
ICT layer
Step 8: Finalization of the Regulatory
and Institutional Framework
Step 9: Execution of SHA and SSA
Step 10: Incorporation of Node/ city level
SPV or Incorporation of project
SPVs.
Step 11: Detailed engineering of Trunk
Infrastructure
Step 12: Implementation of trunk
infrastructure. Allotment of
developed land
Step 13: Structuring of projects to be bid
out under PPP
Step 14: Bidding of PPP projects
Step 15: Replication of implementation
model for the development of
future phases
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Box 2: Key takeaways from the
DMIC model
• The Waterfall methodology has been
utilized for the execution of projects with
preference to PPP (BOT), PPP (Annuity)
followed by EPC/ Lump Sum/ Turnkey
basis. All the contracts have been based
on FIDIC guidelines and ensured that the
robust two-stage bidding process was
adopted, which comprised of an RFQ for
shortlisting of bidders with a proven
track record and thereafter obtained the
most competitive financial proposal from
the shortlisted bidders. The bidder
pre-qualification criteria have been set
to ensure that Best Available Technology
(BAT) is employed in any project. During
the execution, sufficient scope for
incorporation of innovation during
detailed engineering stages has been
defined within the constraints of already
set KPIs and Basic Design.
• The Project Management Consultant
(PMC) reviews the detailed designs of
the consultants and contractors
engaged in parallel, meanwhile being
vetted by an Institute of Eminence in
parallel to design consultant. The review
and comments were provided within a
defined timeline of (15) days and were
limited to compliance with the
specifications and standards provided in
the bidding documents. The risk and
responsibility of compliance of the
design was held with the contractor
irrespective of whether the Authority has
reviewed the same or not.
• Payments to the contractors/
consultants were milestone based
starting with the completion of a stage
of construction work with no payment
for the supply of equipment. Early
achievements of key targets were
incentivized while delays or
non-performance of KPIs were penalized
as set forth contractually.
• The minimum defect liability period has
been set to 2 years and O&M services of
3 years in all the infrastructure projects,
with an option to sell out the project
with O&M to competitive bidder after a
period of 1 year.
40
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Box 3: What is Program
Management?
A program is defined as related projects,
subsidiary programs, and program activities
managed in a coordinated manner to
obtain benefits not available from
managing them individually.
Program management is the application of
knowledge, skills and principles to a
program to achieve the program objectives
and to obtain benefits and control not
available by managing program
components individually. It should be noted
that this focus on benefits and recognition
that a higher level of controls is needed to
manage risk is one of the key distinctions
between projects and programs. It is the
disciplined, systematic orchestration of
human resources, time, money and
information to plan, design, construct, and
deliver a collection of projects in a
coordinated way, to obtain benefits for the
owner not available if these projects were
managed separately.
Program Management uses well defined
and proven business and project delivery
processes and tools to achieve the overall
mission objectives within specified time
and budget constraints.
Program Management is typically applied
when the identified mission involves a
significant expenditure of resources,
involves the integration of disparate
activities (for e.g., a total of 9 different
disciplines have to be integrated during
city building), requires achievement of
extraordinary objectives and has
demanding constraints on schedule,
budget, quality or service.
ANNEXURE E
BENEFITS OF A PROGRAM MANAGEMENT APPROACH
41
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
The rigorous application of the proven
processes and tools of Program
Management have allowed Owners to
exercise a greater level of control over
complex and inter-related sets of
projects and activities that span many
years. This control allows the
coordinated management of risks and
change as the delivery details are
implemented. It also results in a "no
surprises" delivery as project objectives
are effectively and efficiently achieved.
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 42
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 43
A. Axelos
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (i2P2M)
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA)
D. Project Management Institute (PMI)
A. Axelos’s the Projects in Controlled
Environments (PRINCE2) is a standard
used extensively in the UK and other
European markets and Australia under
the for-profit Axelos Group. This was
released in 1996 as a generic project
management method. The PRINCE2
method is in the public domain and
offers non-proprietorial best practice
guidance on project management.
Key features of PRINCE2:
• Focus on business justification
• Defined organization structure for
the project management team
• Product-based planning approach
• Emphasis on dividing the project
into manageable and controllable
stages
• The flexibility that can be applied at
a level appropriate to the project.
PRINCE2 requires no preliminary
project management experience to
apply, unlike the PMP and IPMA (which
both require at least 3 years of prior
project management experience).
There are three examinations within
this:
• Foundation Examination
• Practitioner Examination
• Practitioner Re-Registration
Examination
RINCE2 comprises of seven themes,
processes and the framework to
successfully execute the project.
B. International Institute of Projects and
Program Management (I2P2M)
I2P2M was formed in 2008 as a
non-profit, section 25 company to
promote and enhance Project and
Program management in India and
globally.
Its Vision was to equip project leaders,
managers, professionals from all sectors,
engineering graduates, trainees and
students to handle the complexity of
tomorrow by building their Knowledge,
Competency and Leadership through
comprehensive training of cutting edge
knowledge covering both hard and soft
sides of project management and
exposure to best practices through
relevant case studies, real-time
computer-based simulation of complex
project and leadership scenarios and
experience sharing with industry
stalwarts. Its objective was to establish
itself globally to be a leading project
management certification body and to
be foremost in imparting executive
education leading to the International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
I2P2M is guided by a distinguished
Academic Industry Council (AIC) which
has eminent members from academia,
industry, government, global experts
and practicing professionals.
I2P2M proudly offers Nine ‘Made in
India' PM Certifications aligned to the
‘Totality of Project Management'
curriculum that covers all round global
inputs with additional focus on Indian
scenario. India through i2P2M is one of
the few countries with project
management certifications used
globally. CIPM certification is based on
8 project life cycle phases with the
addition of Organize, Integrate and
Knowledge Leverage as additional
three life cycle phases from the
conventional 5 project life cycles
phases. Some of its nine certifications
are:
• Certificate in Project Management
(CIPM)
500+ organizations in India have CIPM
holders and globally in 20 countries.
• Introductory Certificate in Project
Management (IntroCIPM)
• Certificate in Project Risk Management
(CrtPRM)
- 1200 CrtPRM holders from 95+
companies
• Certificate in Earned Value
Management (CrtEVM)
• Certificate in Advanced Project
Management Concepts (CrtAPM)
• Certificate in Project Management
Essentials (CrtPME)
• Certificate in Agile Project
Management (CrtAgPM)
Worldwide, only i2P2M has negative
marking in all its PM certification
examinations.
I2P2M also offers the two top-rated
part-time Executive Diplomas in
Project Management in association
with The George Washington
University School of Business,
Washington D.C., USA
• Executive Diploma in Project
Management (EDPM)
• International Executive Diploma in
Project Management (IEDPM)
In the last 8 years, 860 senior level
professionals covering 95+ companies
from state and central governments
and reputed public and private sector
companies have acquired International
Executive Diploma in Project
Management (IEDPM).
C. International Project Management
Association (IPMA) is a Federation of
about 70 Member Associations (MAs)
with a presence in 60 countries
globally. It is the leading authority on
competent project, program and
portfolio management (PPPM),
founded in 1965.
The IPMA’s four-level certification
program is designed as an on-going
competence development process.
Every step up the four-level
competence stair incorporates
adequate development in
self-knowledge and verified
competence.
The roles in the 4-L-C system, with
their distinctive capabilities, include:
• IPMA Level A: Certified Projects
Director manages complex project
portfolios and programs.
• IPMA Level B: Certified Senior Project
Manager manages complex projects.
Minimum five years of experience.
• IPMA Level C: Certified Project
Manager manages projects of
moderate complexity. Minimum three
years of experience.
• IPMA Level D: Certified Project
Management Associate applies project
management knowledge when
working on projects.
IPMA's 4-L-C demonstrates a level of
rigor that helps to assure knowledge,
experience, competence and
performance for each role.
D. Project Management Institute (PMI) is
a not-for-profit memberships
association for the project, program
and portfolio management
professions. PMI is a national standard
development organization accredited
by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the U.S. member
of the International Standardization
Organization (ISO). PMI’s 21 global
standards are developed through a
voluntary consensus process that
brings together volunteers and subject
matter experts with an interest in the
standards’ topics. The process relies
on public feedback and is based on
the concepts of consensus, openness,
due process, and balance. These
standards provide guidelines for
achieving specific project, program
and portfolio management results. The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide is highly
accepted for Project Managers across
the world.
PMI has 301 Chapters worldwide with
8 Chapters in India. Its PMP (Project
Management Professional) credential is
one of the most important
industry-recognized certifications for
project managers. It is accredited by
the ANSI against the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO)
17024. In addition, the PMP is also
registered against the ISO 9001:2000
standard for quality management
systems.
There are 40,310 (9,14,401 global)
Project Management Professionals
(PMP)® in the country. PMI also has
other certifications like Certified
Associate in Project Management
(CAPM), Program Management
Professional (PgMP), Portfolio
Management Professional (PfMP), Risk
Management Professional (RMP),
Scheduling Professional (SP),
Professional in Business Analysis (PBA)
and Agile Certified Practitioner (ACP).
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. 44
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Box 4: Program Manager Vs
Project Manager.
A program manager manages a program,
multiple projects and sometimes multiple
programs while a project manager
manages the teams responsible for
fulfilling the project and achieving its
deliverables.
45
Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
Program Management principles for
success
(i) Investment in Planning: Investing
heavily during the planning and
design stage will reduce the time and
cost incurred, as it reduces the
number of unforeseen setbacks that
may occur and lowers the probability
of design errors.
(ii) Prioritizing delivering a Project on
time: Adhering to the timeline
defined for a project should be a
priority by aligning the right people,
resources, and schedules.
(iii) Accountability: The contractor should
be held accountable for the quality of
the services they provide irrespective
of the quantum & magnitude.
(iv) Rewarding Superior Performance:
Delivering a high-quality project
should be incentivized.
(v) Education in Project / Program
Management: Human resources at
both levels including the contractor
and client should be adequately
skilled and globally certified.
(vi) Efficiency: Communication is
essential to ensure that effective and
timely decisions are made regarding
a project. It is very important to
ensure continuous communication
with stakeholders to understand their
needs and expectations.
(vii) Effective Governance: The successful
implementation of a Project/ Program
needs effective horizontal and vertical
coordination between various
institutions that are involved in the
project.
(viii) Capacity Building: Right people with
the right skillset are essentially
required for making any program a
success. Accordingly, it is essential to
strengthen project and program
management competency and
capability at all levels.
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives. Typical benefits of Program Management
include the following:
(i) Reduced Costs
Coordinated management of the
many diverse activities required to
achieve program objectives has been
demonstrated to reduce the “hard”
costs of construction and also the
“soft” costs of planning, engineering,
and administration.
• Hard costs are reduced by a
variety of methods. Coordinated
planning and prioritization of all
program elements result in the
selection of the most appropriate
approaches to achieve program
objectives. For example, in case of
development of Dholera Special
Investment Region (DSIR) under
the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor Project in India (DMIC),
the Program Managers team were
able to eliminate a complete
treatment plant in the year 2030
by adopting a holistic approach to
water management. The real
savings is estimated at INR 767 Cr.
Construction costs are also
reduced through lower bid prices
that result from coordinated
contract phasing, selection of
appropriate delivery approaches
for each program element, and
economies of scale resulting from
design and with a unified,
dedicated staff, applying proven
material standardization. In DSIR,
for the 10 contracts issued, the
actual bids are on an average 7%
less than estimates. Hard costs are
also reduced through lower
change order costs resulting from
rigorously applying proven risk
management and change
management techniques across
the full spectrum of program
activities. With 50% of the INR
2800 Cr construction completed,
the variation orders are less than
0.5% against an industry standard
of 2 to 3%.
• Avoiding duplication of efforts that
result from fragmented delivery
approaches reduces soft costs.
Implementing the program
mission processes and tools has
been demonstrated to improve
performance outcomes while
reducing the soft costs of program
delivery by 10% or more. For
example, in the case of city-level
projects, programmatic policies
and standards including BIM and
GIS have saved engineering costs
by reducing the duplication each
firm has to undertake if managed
separately.
• Owners, who are not familiar with
Program Management often ask,
"How much is this going to cost
me?" A more appropriate question
would be to ask "how much is this
going to save me?" Program
Management is an "investment"
which results in cost savings and
lowers risks; it is therefore not a
"cost".
(ii) Improved Schedule Performance
Improved schedule performance
does not always mean getting it
done quicker. If quickness is the
objective due to legal requirements,
immediate growth pressures or
business opportunities, Program
Management has been demonstrated
to deliver quick results.
If the program is driven by a set of
extended regulatory milestones, the
control offered by Program
Management can be applied to
achieve milestones on schedule, but
not earlier than needed, thus
spreading out cash flow demands. If
the program is in response to
projected (but not immediate)
requirements for service expansion,
Program Management controls can
be used to balance cash flow,
matching payments out to revenue
received, thereby maximizing the
effective return on the investment.
(iii) Improved Quality
Quality management is the prime
focus of a Program Management
delivery approach. Benchmark
quality management systems,
whether they be "TQM", "6-Sigma" or
others, all rely on the rigorous
application of standardized systems
by well-trained staff. Quality
management applies quality
principles in the following way:
• “Quality” is defined based on
overall program mission and
objectives, and the quality
definition for each program and
project activity is further defined
to ensure that each activity
supports the quality goal of the
mission.
• The quality program is developed
and uniformly applied from the
first steps of task identification
through the final commissioning of
the last program element. Since
the approach is coordinated
across all program activities,
lessons learned are
institutionalized, and the benefits
accrue to all later activities.
• An overarching quality program
allows the assignment of
experienced quality management
practitioners to implement a
comprehensive quality system. In
addition, the resources of a
program team often provide
access to subject matter experts
that might not be available in a
fragmented approach to project
execution.
The Program Management
delivery approach is ideally suited
to develop a quality-based
organization, committed to
excellence in all aspects of
implementation.
(iv) Emphasis on Risk Management
Another benefit of the program
management approach is the
alignment of the program and its
supported objectives to
organizational strategy. This involves
having a risk management strategy
that ensures effective management
of any risk that can cause the
program to be out of alignment with
the organizational strategy. Such a
risk management strategy includes
defining program risk thresholds,
performing initial program risk
assessment, and developing a
high-level program risk response
strategy, as well as determining how
risks will be communicated to
strategic levels of the organization.
(v) Focus on Benefits Management
Program Benefits Management
includes processes for monitoring the
program’s ability to deliver against
these benefits and outcomes. Its
purpose is to focus program
stakeholders (program sponsors,
program managers, project managers,
program team, program steering
committee, and others) on the
outcomes and benefits to be provided
by the various activities conducted
during the program’s duration.
(vi) Ensuring Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management identifies
and analyses stakeholder needs and
manages expectations and
communications to foster
stakeholder support. A stakeholder is
an individual, group, or organization
that may affect, be affected by, or
perceive itself to be affected by a
decision, activity, or outcome of a
project, program or portfolio.
Stakeholders may be internal or
external to the program and may
have a positive or negative impact
on the outcome of the program.
Program and project managers need
to be aware of the stakeholders'
impact and level of influence to
understand and address the
changing environments of programs
and projects. Stakeholders should be
identified, analyzed, categorized and
monitored. Balancing stakeholder
interests is important, considering
their potential impact on program
benefits realization or the inherent
conflicting nature of their interests.
(vii) Change Management
Projects are intended to deliver
specific results and attempt to
constrain change to maintain cost,
schedule and scope requirements.
Programs, on the other hand,
leverage change in a way that
protects or enhances the realization
of the desired benefits. So,
programs embrace and deliver
change. Furthermore, while a
project will lock down the design,
the program will elaborate designs
as the program is executed and more
is learned along the way.
Role of a Program Manager
The program manager maintains
responsibility for the leadership, conduct,
and performance of a program and for
building a program team that is capable
of achieving program objectives and
delivering anticipated program benefits.
A Program Manager (to preferably be a
management/ consultancy firm, can also
be an individual depending on the size of
the project(s)) will be responsible for:
(i) Managing multiple projects/
programs at a macro level; (ii) To be
assisted by several project managers
(preferably a firm but can also be an
individual depending on the size of
the project); and (iii) Be responsible
for managing individual projects at
the micro level.
Program Manager and Project
Managers are to be appointed by the
concerned Authority and related
expense also to be borne by the
Authority.
Program Managers maintain continuous
alignment of program scope with
strategic business objectives and make
recommendations to modify the
program to enhance effectiveness
toward the business result or strategic
intent.
A primary role of a program manager
is to monitor the outputs and
outcomes of a program's component
activities and ensure that the
program adapts appropriately to
them in order to meet the
organization’s strategic objectives.