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2020
INDIA
INNOVATION
INDEX INDIA
INNOVATION
INDEX
2020 As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic this year, the significance of innovation is
even more greatly felt. While innovation has always been pivotal for higher productivity and
economic growth, it is also crucial for bolstering a post-crisis economy. In this light, the foresight
of the central government in fostering a culture of innovation through initiatives like the Atal
Innovation Mission, Startup India, etc. is laudable.
To instil a culture of innovation amongst the states, NITI Aayog had introduced the first-ever
India Innovation Index in 2019. A year later, it is safe to say that we are on the right path toward
transforming India into an innovation-driven economy. The index has not only served as a useful
tool for governments to assess the innovation landscape in their states, but has also helped
strengthen competitive federalism and create synergies between different stakeholders in the
innovation ecosystem.
The second edition of the index will allow states to continue to evaluate their innovation
environment and assess their progress. The division of innovation into two dimensions, namely
innovation capabilities (Enablers) and innovation outcomes (Performance) will give the states a
better perspective for identifying the critical focus areas. To facilitate policymaking, the index also
highlights the challenges present in the way of improving innovation in the country and creates a
distinction between issues that can be tackled at the national and state levels.
I hope the second edition of the index continues to foster a competitive spirit among the states,
and enables them to learn from their peers.
I congratulate the Science and Technology Vertical of NITI Aayog for its effort in bringing out
the index. My compliments to the Central Ministries/Departments, the states’ Nodal Officers, the
Confederation of Indian Industry, and our knowledge partner, Institute for Competitiveness, for
their contribution in developing the India Innovation Index 2020.
DR. RAJIV KUMAR
VICE-CHAIRMAN
Phones : 23096677, 23096688
Fax : 23096699
E-mail : vch-niti@gov.in
डॉ. राजीव कुमार
उपाध्य�ॎ
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद मागर्
नई �दल्ली-110001
MESSAGE
Government of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street
New Delhi-110 001
(Dr. Rajiv Kumar) The rich cultural history of the Indian Subcontinent is dotted with illustrative instances of a dynamic past in
the fields of mathematics, science, arts, architecture, and metallurgy, to name a few. Much of this glorious
past is accredited to the ideas that were developed in the very heart of this soil, which were new at the time,
but led India to prosperity. A millennium hence, India continues ahead with the same determination to chalk
out a new destiny in the manner it wants.
In the 21st century, technology and science have played an indisputable role in helping India address the
challenges of droughts, poverty and hunger, among others. Innovation has been instrumental in ushering
in the Green, White, and Blue revolutions, and bringing millions out of poverty, generating livelihood
opportunities, and paving the way for a young and self-reliant nation.
The pandemic has confronted us with unprecedented challenges. We must use science and technology to
address these grave issues. But first, we must create a conducive culture, and reorient our education system
to encourage young minds to think out of the box. Policy interventions such as Atal Innovation Mission strives
to create a platform that not only generates new ideas, but also helps in making them more accessible to
help resolve societal challenges.
The India Innovation Index depicts the innovation landscape of the country at the sub-national level. It
portrays the innovative capabilities of the States, highlighting their strengths, which can be replicated in
others, and weaknesses, which can be rectified. It will also help states to assess their own capacities in
identifying areas that have the potential to boost the development of innovation-led entrepreneurship and
attract start-ups and hi-tech companies.
India’s innovation journey has been strictly restricted to certain regions that have been privileged with
economic growth and have a legacy of industrialization. This index, in the spirit of cooperative and
competitive federalism, will allow the sharing of good practices between States/UTs, to widen and replicate
the innovation landscape across the country, especially in the parts that have the potential to become hubs
of innovation. But most importantly, this index will help other important stakeholders to assess these areas
of the innovation landscape, and the value they holds for businesses so they can partake in this innovation
journey.
सदस्य
Member
Tele : 23096566, 23096567
Fax : 23096603
E-mail : vk.saraswat@gov.in
डॉ. वी. के. सारस्वत
DR. V.K. SARASWAT
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद मागर्
नई �दल्ली-110001
MESSAGE
Government of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street
New Delhi-110 001
(Dr. V.K. Saraswat)
Member, NITI Aayag MESSAGE
Innovation is at the forefront of India’s “Make in India” and “Aatmanirbhar Bharat” initiatives. The
aim is not only to make in India but also to innovate in India and transform the Indian economy.
With the thrust from innovation, India can scale-up its manufacturing and develop its export
competitiveness.
The ongoing pandemic has impacted nearly every aspect of life. It has, however, also created
significant new growth opportunities. As countries and firms around the world reevaluate
their manufacturing and trade strategies, India can serve as the economic engine of the world,
considering the inherent competitive advantages that it possesses.
The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) 2020, which will be announced soon, will
reorient priorities, sectoral focus and strategies of science, technology and innovation efforts
in the country. The focus is also to revisit and re-energize how research is conducted and
technologies are developed/deployed, targeting socio-economic progress and welfare.
Another major step in this direction is the release of the second edition of the India Innovation
Index. Building on the previous edition, which was released in 2019, the current index provides a
comprehensive framework to examine the sub-national innovation ecosystem across India. The
index’s learning can be useful for formulating policies and devising strategies at both the state
and the national levels. The index benchmarks the performance of the states and union territories
against their peers, to better understand the reasons for differential performance and the areas of
strengths and weaknesses.
I hope that the India Innovation Index 2020 can help the country in recognizing the key areas
of developmental intervention, with innovation as the central driver for growth. NITI Aayog
will continue to take such initiatives that play a significant role in promoting cooperative and
competitive federalism.
I congratulate the entire Science and Technology team at NITI Aayog, and the various Central
Ministries and Departments, for their efforts in bringing out this new index. I also compliment the
knowledge partner, the Institute for Competitiveness, for its invaluable contribution to the study.
Amitabh Kant
मुख्य कायर्कारी अिधकारी
Chief Executive Officer
अिमताभ कांत
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद मागर्
नई �दल्ली-110001
Government of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street
New Delhi-110 001
Tel. : 23096576, 23096574 Fax : 23096575
E-mail : ceo-niti@gov.in, amitabh.kant@nic.in
(Amitabh Kant) NEERAJ SINHA
ADVISER (S&T)
नीरज ि सन्हा
सलाहकार (िव. एवम् प्रौ.)
MESSAGE
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, नीि त भवन
संसद मागर्, नई �दल्ली-110001
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Bhawan
Parliament Street, New Delhi-110 001
Telefax : 91-11-23096795
E-mail : npsa@nic.in
Website : http://www.niti.gov.in
In 2019, NITI Aayog, in collaboration with the Institute for Competitiveness, had embarked upon
a journey to develop a comprehensive tool for benchmarking the innovation ecosystem of the
country. The release of the second edition of the India Innovation Index, in these trying times, is a
testament to the Government of India’s continued commitment toward transforming the country
into an innovation-driven economy.
The index intends to create an environment where innovation factors are under constant re-
evaluation. The framework is designed in a way to distinguish between the inputs and outputs
of innovation. Five Enablers pillars capture the aspects of a conducive environment, while two
Performance pillars demonstrate the innovation results. It is expected that, over the years, the
index will evolve with the refinement of the indicators and improvement of the methodology.
The index aims to perform two objectives: first, to rank the states and the union territories based
on their relative performance, and second, to empower them to improve their innovation policies
by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The methodology of the ranking is designed in a
way that the states can draw lessons from the national leaders in innovation. Hopefully, this will
lead to a healthy competition amongst the states and the union territories, thereby catalysing
development and fostering competitive federalism.
The India Innovation Index 2020 is a collaborative effort, and there are many who have made
valuable contributions toward the success of this edition. The Science and Technology (S&T)
Vertical of NITI Aayog thanks all the relevant Ministries and Departments, and the knowledge
partner — the Institute for Competitiveness — for their support.
The S&T Vertical is indebted to the Vice-Chairman, Member (S&T) and Chief Executive Officer,
NITI Aayog, for their constant guidance and encouragement, without which this edition would not
have been possible.
It is hoped that the India Innovation Index 2020 will prove to be a potent tool for all the states and
union territories in their collective journey to make India an innovation-driven economy.
(NEERAJ SINHA) Dr. Amit Kapoor |
Honorary Chairman
Over the last decade, India has laid a policy emphasis on innovation as a growth strategy. The
fact that India has been instrumental in the development of the COVID-19 vaccine validates the
success of this policy focus. As we enter a new decade and explore ways of recovering from the
shock of a pandemic, it has become even more crucial to strengthen the economy’s innovative
capacity. The second edition of the India Innovation Index has been compiled keeping these new
realities in mind.
The study’s objective is to provide policymakers and other key stakeholders with a comprehensive
assessment of the spatial dynamics of the innovation ecosystem of India. It offers insights into
how Indian states can achieve the dual goals of economic and social development by focusing on
the innovation landscape. The findings from the study can also be used to identify the challenges
that persist across regional economies in maximizing their innovative capacities and provide
solutions to address them. The focus on regional economies becomes pertinent when it comes
to innovation since the level of development and industrial base vary significantly across Indian
states.
The 2020 edition of the index builds upon its maiden edition with the addition of new indicators
for a more robust assessment of the innovation ecosystem. The current set of indicators have
evolved as a result of extensive deliberations on possible means to better capture the innovation
landscape. For instance, R&D expenditure by the state governments has been added to better
understand the regional disparities in investment toward innovation.
I am grateful to NITI Aayog, who gave the Institute for Competitiveness the opportunity to take
this important body of work forward. I could never hope to name all those who have helped us,
but I would like to highlight the following individuals for their contributions. I would like to thank
Dr. Rajiv Kumar, Dr. VK Saraswat, Shri Amitabh Kant and Shri Neeraj Sinha for their guidance and
feedback.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support of my team at the Institute for Competitiveness,
including Harshula Sinha, Sreetama Basu, Jatin Nair, Aniruddh Duttaa, Adya Behera, Manisha
Kapoor, and Chirag Yadav in preparing this report.
I am certain that the study will enable change in India’s innovation landscape by helping the states
in identifying areas of strengths and weaknesses.
(Amit Kapoor)
U 24 / 8, DLF Phase 3, Gurgaon _ 122 002, Haryana, India
www.competitiveness.in | amit.kapoor@competitiveness.in | +91 9810402639 14India Innovation Index 202M
PREFACE
India’s vision of becoming a $5-trillion economy is intricately
linked with an innovation-oriented approach to economic
growth. In this present crisis-hit world, while most countries
are looking inward, India should use this opportunity to build
its innovative capabilities to meet future global demands by
producing a range of novel products, services, and processes.
Historically, economic crises often tend to curb the innovative
tendencies of a nation. For instance, post the Great Depression,
the United States of America witnessed a fall in the number of
both individual and firm-based patents, which took decades to
recover.
However, in the present scenario, India could avoid such an
outcome as the nation is fully prepared to usher in a new era of
innovation and development. Driven by ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’
and ‘Make in India’ initiatives, there is a strong push to empower
the local manufacturing sectors that would, in turn, contribute
to the production of innovative products at economical rates.
Along with improving the scale of production, India has also
aimed at enhancing its research capacities by introducing the
new Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2020. These
measures will play a crucial role in enabling the innovative
capacity of the country.
The India Innovation Index is a reliable benchmark that will
highlight the impact of the above measures at a sub-national
level. The first edition of the index has managed to guide and
support policymakers in improving local innovation ecosystems.
This drive to enhance the innovative tendencies has resulted in 15India Innovation Index 202M
India breaking into the top 50 nations of the Global Innovation
Index 2020, with the World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO) declaring India as one of the leading innovation
achievers of 2019-20 in the central and southern Asian region.
It is expected that the second iteration of the index will help
in providing detailed insights into and a vivid picture of the
innovation ecosystem at both the national and sub-national
levels. This would support in transforming India into an
innovation-driven economy, thereby cementing its position as
an emerging global leader. 16India Innovation Index 202M
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
The last edition of the India Innovation Index, released in
October 2019, was a first-of-its-kind metric for assessing the
innovation capabilities of Indian states and union territories.
Since then, India, and the world, have undergone a tectonic shift
due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With the pandemic triggering
an economic shutdown, the role of innovation to revitalize the
economy, has never been more important.
The 2020 edition builds on the previous year’s methodology
by introducing more metrics to provide a more holistic outlook
of the Indian economy. The framework is updated to include
globally considered parameters for measuring innovation, such
as the percentage of GDP spent on research and development,
while keeping them specific to the Indian economy.
The India Innovation Index is the outcome of extensive research
and analysis for evaluating India’s innovation readiness at
a sub-national level, highlighting the obstacles that deter
governments, businesses, and individuals from fully capturing
the benefits of innovation. The report broadly consists of four
thematic sections—the first talks about innovation and its
ability to drive economic growth; the crucial role it plays in
not only facilitating the country’s recovery but also sustaining
competitiveness during these times. Apart from this, a
comparison is drawn between India and select economies on
various parameters to give an idea of how the country fares
globally.
The next section lays out the unique framework of innovation
and the methodology used to calculate the index, followed
by key findings and rankings. Karnataka has maintained its
top position among the Major States, while Maharashtra has
leapfrogged Tamil Nadu to occupy the second place. Telangana,
Kerala, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and
Punjab complete the top ten in that order. Among Union
Territories and North-Eastern and Hill States, Delhi and Himachal 17India Innovation Index 202M
Pradesh occupy the top spots respectively. This section also
captures trends and provides a detailed analysis of various
factors that drive innovation at the country, state and pillar
level. It is hoped that these analyses will help policymakers
in identifying the catalysts and inhibitors of innovation at the
national and sub-national levels.
The third section provides learnings and recommendations
at the national and state level for policymakers to ponder on.
Also included are profiles of all the states and union territories,
providing a comprehensive snapshot of each region’s current
innovation landscape. Finally, the last section of the report
consists of detailed data tables for all the framework indicators,
along with sources and definitions.
The study aims to help relevant stakeholders track the regional
progress on innovation ecosystems and inform policy choices
that can address the identified gaps. 18India Innovation Index 2020 19
Preface
Executive Summary
Introduction
What is Innovation?
The Need to Innovate
India vs the World
India Innovation Index
India Innovation Index: Key Findings
Profiles of States
Efficiency of Innovation
Evolution of States
Learnings and Recommendations
The Way Forward
Appendix
CONTENTS
14
16
21
25
29
31
37
55
87
233
237
241
245
249 20India Innovation Index 2020
Table 1: India’s performance on the Global Innovation Index33
Table 2: Measures of India Innovation Index40
Table 3: Index calculation steps43
Table 4: India Innovation Index Framework44
Table 5: Alpha Values50
Table 6: KMO Values51
Table 7: Ranking Comparison239
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Research and Development Expenditure as percentage of GDP in 2018-1933
Figure 2: National R&D Expenditure and its percentage share of GDP (estimated)34
Figure 3: Researcher per million inhabitants, 2018-1934
Figure 4: National Research and Development Expenditure, 2017-1835
Figure 5: Sectoral distribution in R&D expenditure across countries in 2018-1936
Figure 6: Country-level Analysis of India Innovation Index56
Figure 7: Correlation between states’ GDP and innovation scores59
Figure 8: Regional mapping of Human Capital scores66
Figure 9: Indicator scores under Human Capital68
Figure 10: Regional mapping of Investment scores69
Figure 11: Indicator scores under Investment71
Figure 12: Regional mapping of Knowledge Workers scores72
Figure 13: Indicator scores under Knowledge Workers73
Figure 14: Regional mapping of Business Environment scores75
Figure 15: Indicator scores under Business Environment76
Figure 16: Regional mapping of Safety and Legal Environment scores78
Figure 17: Indicator scores of Safety and Legal Environment Indicators 79
Figure 18: Regional mapping of Knowledge Output scores81
Figure 19: Average scores of Knowledge Output Indicators82
Figure 20: Regional mapping of Knowledge Diffusion scores84
Figure 21: Average scores of Knowledge Diffusion Indicators85
Figure 22: Efficiency in Innovation of Indian States234
Figure 23: Efficiency in the innovation of Indian states compared with National Average235
Figure 24: Efficiency in Innovation of Indian states based on innovation tiers236
Figure 25: Comparing top-ranking states across pillars.243
Figure 26: Comparing low-performing states across pillars.243
Note: All images are for representation purpose only 21India Innovation Index 2020
01
Throughout history, the
need to innovate has
been central to economic
development for any
nation. But with the
COVID-19 pandemic,
innovation has become
even more pertinent for the
world as a driver of growth.
Introduction 22India Innovation Index 2020
Man is by nature a social animal. And yet, modern technology
has been able to revolutionize human interactions significantly.
This unprecedented surge in technological advancement is
known as the fourth industrial revolution for its ability to make
significant changes to economy and society within a short
span of time. The depth of this revolution lies in its speedy
permeation across different regions and income groups, due
to the globally intertwined nature of nation-states. This global
connectivity, spurring from the strongest wave of globalization
in the 20th century, has paved the way not only for the free
flow of capital and persons, but also for the exchange of ideas
in a truly transnational sense. But with the aid of modern
technology, this wave of globalization has helped materialize
these ideas into products and utilities in real time, helping both
businesses and society.
However, globalization has its own set of challenges. Not
all sections of society have benefited from the promises of
globalization and it has widened economic inequalities and
social cleavages over time. This discontent has manifested in the
form of restriction of cross-border flow of capital and labour, in
order to protect the domestic from the social, economic, and
cultural invasion of the global. But what happens when borders
are actually shut, and there is a restricted flow of capital and
labour? As COVID-19 spread across the world, nations sealed
borders overnight and went into lockdown to combat the
spread of the virus. While the pandemic has resulted in the loss
of lives, it has not dampened the human spirit. The development
of vaccines in a record 18-month period is a miraculous
achievement, and a testimony to the global connectivity
that has enabled the exchange of ideas, data and relevant
information from across the world. The cooperative competition
in the process of vaccine-development highlights the significant
role played by institutions across states, markets and society in
envisaging innovation in times of crisis. While affecting various
sectors of the economy in negative ways, such crises often
catalyse innovation and productivity. With conditions that are
specifically unique to the crisis at hand, it encourages leaders
and innovators to pave the way for such unique changes by
creative problem-solving. The development of an indigenous
supply-chain for manufacturing Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) kits in six weeks is an exemplification of this creative
problem-solving, through innovation.
During the onset of COVID-19 in March 2020, India was faced
with the tough challenge of keeping the pandemic under
control. At the time, India heavily relied on importing healthcare
equipment, testing kits, body overalls and masks from countries
By improving our
innovation landscape,
we can not only employ
and empower this labour
force, but also embrace
a gender-inclusive
approach. 23India Innovation Index 2020
such as China. With a growing number of
cases, a demand estimate prepared by the
Empowered Group headed by Dr. Vinod
Kumar Paul (Member, NITI Aayog) calculated
that more than 20 million PPE kits and 40
million N-95 masks would be needed by July
2020, translating to almost 20,000 PPE kits
and 400,000 N-95/FFP-2 class masks per day.
The Ministry of Textiles, under the “Vocal for
Local” initiative of the Government of India,
with support from the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, was able to create an end-
to-end indigenous supply chain set-up to
manufacture PPE kits as per WHO standards in
six weeks. The Indian PPE market, the second
largest in the world now, is expected to reach
beyond Rs 7.8 billion by the end of 2020, with a
compounded annual growth rate of 19%. More
importantly, this initiative has not only helped
healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients but
has also been a source of livelihood for low-
income individuals, small-scale manufacturers,
and textile companies (Kapoor and Goyal,
2020). The manufacturing of PPE kits during
the COVID-19 pandemic is a testament to the
fact that the innovative spirit can be furthered
at every level of society, with the support
of institutions across the state, market, and
society.
India enjoys a crucial competitive advantage
in the world, with its demographic dividend.
Theoretically, this demographic dividend
occurs when the proportion of the working
population within the total population is high,
which implies that more people have the
potential to be productive and contribute to
the economic growth of the country. As much
as 70% of India’s population is below 30 years
of age, as compared to the older population
of China, Japan and the US. According to
Mukherjee, Bajaj and Gulati, 2019, utilizing this
demographic dividend is however dependent
on India addressing its declining labour force
participation rate (LFPR). This essentially
implies that while India has a potentially high
working-age population, it is not necessarily
contributing to the economy. In fact, India also 24India Innovation Index 202M
has one of the lowest female LFPRs in the world. The key to harnessing this competitive advantage
lies in defining and expanding India’s innovative capabilities, by improving its innovation
landscape that can not only employ and empower this labour force but can also be gender-
inclusive in its approach.
The India Innovation Index 2020 examines the existing innovation landscape in India. In a
diverse country such as India, it must be understood that its innovative capabilities significantly
vary across different states and union territories. Through this index, the goal is to identify the
strengths and weaknesses of the Indian innovation landscape, that could provide an impetus to
different stakeholders to encapsulate these insights into decision-making. 25India Innovation Index 2020
02
02
Innovation is the
creation, development
and implementation of
a new product, process
or service, with the aim
of improving efficiency,
effectiveness or
competitive advantage.
What is
innovation? 26India Innovation Index 2020
The term ‘innovation’ invokes a sense of
originality, as it strives to improve the
mundaneness of everyday life. Innovation
essentially paves the way to creatively improve
the standard of living and satisfy the needs of
consumers.
The spirit of innovation by itself is not new,
for the virtue of curiosity that has mothered
the values of innovation is intrinsic to the
spirit of humanity. The earliest literature
on innovation can be traced back to Adam
Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes
of the Wealth of Nations, which explores
the role played by innovators in leading
technological improvements in factories and
society. However, it was Joseph Schumpeter
who accorded innovation the centrality in its
role of pushing economic growth and industry
transformation. Schumpeter conceptualized
innovation as “the introduction of new or
significantly improved products, processes,
organization methods, and marketing
methods in internal business practices or
the marketplace.” Under the wave theory
proposed by him, Schumpeter highlighted the
evolution of technologies in different phases
of industrialization and business cycles.
But to limit innovation to merely its ability
of industrial transformation posits a narrow
understanding, for its essence lies in its
basic value of generating, accepting, and
implementing new ideas, processes, products,
or services (Nair, Guldiken, Fainshmidt, and
Pezeshkan, 2015). Innovation permeates into
society and state, as both formal and informal
institutions evolve with changes in societal
interactions, culture, communication, and even
education structures, especially in this digital
era. But this relation is symbiotic, as changes
in society, economy, and the polity also play a
role in driving innovation.
Innovation is, thus, not only a process limited
to particular firms or industry, but is rather
a multisectoral process involving various
actors, institutions and organizations from 27India Innovation Index 2020
Interestingly, the
innovation ecosystem
is run by two parallel
economies, commercial
and research. While
fundamental research is
the key driver of research
economy, commercial
economy is primarily
driven by the marketplace. 28India Innovation Index 2020
the realm of the state, market and society. This large framework, dubbed as an “innovation
ecosystem”, works with the larger goal of driving and enabling an environment that is conducive
for innovation and technological advancement. The innovation ecosystem runs on both material
capital, such as funds, equipment, facilities, as well as human capital, which makes up the various
institutional actors and entities participating in the ecosystem. Interestingly, the innovation
ecosystem is run by two parallel economies, commercial economy and the research economy.
While fundamental research is the key driver of research economy, commercial economy is
primarily driven by the marketplace. This changes the manner in which innovation is understood,
pursued and even incentivized by different actors in the innovation ecosystem. While a firm
pursues innovation to expand its market presence, the state has to imbibe innovation with the
larger goals of economic growth and development in mind, and invest accordingly.
According to Michael Porter, the world’s foremost thinker on modern strategy, innovation is a key
component in the characterization of development strategy. The first stage of this development
strategy is factor-driven, wherein the competitive advantage is based exclusively on endowments
of labour and natural resources. In the second stage, which is investment-driven, the efficiency
of producing standard products and services becomes the dominant source of competitive
advantage. The focus of investment-driven economies is on manufacturing and outsourced
service exports. The wages in this stage are higher, but these economies are susceptible to
external sector-specific demand shocks. The third stage, which is innovation-driven, can produce
innovative products and services at the global technology frontier using the most advanced
methods, which becomes the dominant source of competitive advantage. At this stage, the
national business environment is characterized by the presence of deep clusters. Clusters become
critical motors, not only in generating productivity but also in encouraging innovation at the
global level. Institutions and incentives supporting innovation are also well developed, increasing
the efficiency of cluster interaction. Companies compete with unique strategies that are often
global in scope and invest strongly in advanced skills, the latest technology, and innovative
capacity.
An economy that is steered by innovation across all sectors also requires a conducive innovation
ecosystem, which is inclusive and sensitive to the aspirations and needs of the country. An
innovation-driven economy can thus be India’s key to cement its position as an emerging world
leader. 29India Innovation Index 2020
02
03
The need to innovate
is intrinsic for a
healthy economy to
harbour the spirit of
competition.
The need to
innovate 30India Innovation Index 2020
An attempt to understand the way different nation-states grow and prosper had led Adam Smith,
the father of modern economics, to write his treatise An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations. This enabled a traditional understanding of generating wealth as output (O), a
function of capital (K) and labour (L), which has dominated much of classical economics.
However, an increase in labour and capital could not entirely account for economic growth. As
Robert Solow pointed out in 1957 it was the technological change that in fact enhanced the
efficiency and productivity of factors of production such as labour and capital. Technological
change, thus, became a crucial factor that was added to this explanation.
Solow’s model on economic growth assumed perfect competition, constant returns to scale and
complete absence of externalities, wherein technological change was taken to be exogenous.
However, in 1986 Paul Romer challenged this assumption and argued that technology was a result
of explicit efforts in research and development (R&D), and human capital (HC).
Thus, economic growth was no longer defined through merely labour and capital, but rather
through aspects that directly influenced these factors of production such as research and
development, and human capital. Both R&D and human capital thus sought investment that could
further enhance a country’s economic growth. Innovation thus became a part of this new recipe
for the growth and prosperity of a nation.
The need to innovate is intrinsic for a robust economy in order to harbour the spirit of
competition. Through the medium of competition, different firms can utilize resources such as
land, labour and capital that has the power to create value through new products. The aspiration
of innovation can thus drive firms to increase their productivity and efficiency, thereby achieving
growth. And it is this ushering in of new ideas in material form that drives social and economic
transformation.
Q = f(K,L)
Q = A f(K,L)
A = f(R&D, HC) 31India Innovation Index 2020
02
04
The world economy
has changed with
the onset of the
fourth industrial
revolution.
India vs
the World 32India Innovation Index 2020
The post-liberalization economy in India witnessed rapid
growth, owing to the structural reforms initiated to attract
foreign investment and encourage competition in India’s
buoyant domestic market. Spearheading this process was
the National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship
Development Board (NSTEDB), established in 1982, and the
National Innovation Foundation (NIF) in 2000, both set up
under the aegis of the Department of Science and Technology,
Government of India. While NSTEDB was at the forefront
of promoting science and technology parks and incubators
through technology-based companies, NIF focused on
strengthening the evolution, sustenance, and diffusion of
grassroots innovation. The first annual innovation competition
in 2000, organized by NIF, received more than 1600 entries, with
the winning innovations including a bicycle made from bamboo
and a water pulley that allowed women to rest while drawing
water from a well (Nair, Guldiken, Fainshmidt, and Pezeshkan,
2015).
The innovation agenda has been furthered in recent times
through Atal Innovation Mission, DST-NIDHI’s PRAYAS
(PRomoting and Accelerating Young and ASpiring technology
entrepreneurs), Digital India, and Startup India. These initiatives
have encouraged the entrepreneurial spirit while enabling
access to the requisite resources to harness this youthful
energy. The goal has been to make innovation a part of India’s
policy agenda, in order to develop and strengthen the existing
innovation ecosystem that drives positive impact.
Standing at the 30-year mark of the economic reforms of 1991,
this milestone urges one to question the way the spirit of
innovation has been absorbed in the Indian economy. India has
made tremendous strides in the research and technology space,
but to ascertain how it performs at the global level is crucial to
shape the future aspirations of this young nation.
The Global Innovation Index (GII) is a joint collaborative effort
between the WIPO, Cornell University, and INSEAD that annually
ranks the innovation performance of more than 130 economies.
As of 2020, India’s rank as the 48th innovative nation is
a testament to the improvements made in its innovation
ecosystem. Additionally, India ranks the highest amongst central
and southern Asian countries and is a new entrant to the Top
3 innovation economies among the lower-middle-income
group nations with Vietnam and Ukraine. The significance of
this consistent progress is evident when compared to the 2015
rankings, wherein India occupied the 81st position.
While truly living up to
the spirit of grassroots
innovation, the world
economy has changed
with the onset of
the fourth industrial
revolution, decidedly
changing the way firms
function in the modern
world. 33India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 1 shows that India spends around 0.7% of its GDP on research and development, which
is much lower than the top spenders, such as Israel (4.95%), South Korea, Sweden, and Japan.
This relative ranking puts India at par with other developing countries, such as Mexico, and much
ahead of countries in the South and West Asian region. However, India lies below other BRICS
nations in terms of the percentage of GDP spent on R&D.
Table 1:
Figure 1:
Year GII Score GII Rank Total Countries
2015 31.7 81 141
2016 33.6 66 128
2017 35.5 60 127
2018 35.2 57 126
2019 36.58 52 129
2020 35.6 48 131
Research and Development
R&D Expenditure as
Percentage of GDP in 2018-19
Source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics, June 2020
0
Israel
South Korea
Sweden
Japan
Austria
Germany
Denmark
United States
Belgium
France
United Kingdom
Canada
UAE
Brazil
Russia
India
Mexico
Pakistan
1
2
3
4
5
4.95
4.81
3.33
3.26
3.17
3.09
3.06
2.83
2.82
2.2
1.7
1.56
1.3
1.2
0.98
0.64
0.31
0.23
India’s performance on the Global Innovation Index 34India Innovation Index 2020
However, in absolute terms, the Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) has consistently risen over the
years, tripling from Rs 39,437.77 crores in 2007-08 to Rs 1,13,825.03 crores in 2017-18, as shown
in Figure 2. For the year 2018-19, GERD in India is estimated to be Rs. 1,23,847.70.
Another important aspect of R&D is the number of personnel engaged in the process of research
itself. This involves the conception and creation of new knowledge, processes, methods, or
systems, and the management of projects, which form a crucial part of research and development.
As per Figure 3, countries such as Denmark, Sweden, and South Korea have a higher share
of researchers in relation to their population. In comparison, India has a much lower share of
researchers per million inhabitants.
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
National R&D Expenditure and
its Percentage with GDP
Research Per Million Inhabitants in 2018-19
Source: Research and Development Statistics at a Glance 2019-20, Department of Science and
Technology, Government of India
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, June 2020
130000
R&D as % of GDPR&D Expenditure
0.86
0.90
120000
0.82
110000
0.78
100000
0.74
90000
0.70
80000
0.66
70000
0.62
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
R&D Expenditure (Rs. crores)
GERD as Percentage of GDP
00.60
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2005-06
2010-11
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19*
2011-12
South Korea
Sweden
Japan
Austria
Germany
Denmark
Belgium
France
United
Kingdom
UAE
Russia
India
8065.88
7980.39
7536.47
5733.07
5331.15
5211.87
5023.26
4715.31
4603.31
2784.33
2738.88
252.7 35India Innovation Index 2020
In India, the gross expenditure on R&D is primarily driven by the government. According to Figure 4,
the central government holds the largest share at 45% of the total expenditure in 2017-18, followed
by state governments at 6.4%. The business sector accounts for 41% of the total share in R&D
expenditure, which is led by the private sector at 37% and public sector industries at 5%. The higher
education sector stands at almost 7%.
India’s break-up of GERD stands in contrast with other countries, wherein it is the business sector,
dominated by private enterprises, that lead the expenditure as shown in Figure 5. Countries such
as Israel have 88.26% participation of business enterprises in the country’s R&D expenditure, and
the United States has 72.57%. Countries that do share a higher level of government spending
in R&D are Russia at 34.43% and UAE at 25.42%. Most of the European countries have a higher
participation of the higher education sector in the research space, such as France, Germany,
Austria, Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In the case of Canada, the higher education
sector contributes 41.73% of the R&D expenditure but sees low participation of the government.
In India, central agencies such as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO),
Department of Space (DoS) take up the majority share at 31.6%, and 19% respectively.
Figure 4:
National R&D Expenditure
by Sector, 2017-18
Source: Research and Development Statistics at a Glance 2019-20, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
Central
Government
Higher
Education
Public Sector
Industry
State
Government
Private Sector
Industry
45%
7%5%
6%
37%
R&D
Expenditure 36India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 5:
Sectoral Distribution in R&D Expenditure
across Countries in 2018-19
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, June 2020
Israel
South Korea
Sweden
Japan
Austria
7.14
9.50
6.90
3.00
12.50
13.46
56.11
1.53
7.75
34.43
10.07
3.63
25.42
6.11
10.36
69.82
70.54
50.90
64.27
65.41
68.82
36.79
88.26
79.42
55.59
80.29
70.88
61.93
69.13
72.58
22.44
19.38
41.73
32.43
20.50
17.72
7.10
9.30
11.5
9.68
8.22
25.38
12.66
22.54
12.85
0.55
0.59
0.47
0.30
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.91
0.91
0.30
1.41
0.11
0.00
2.22
4.21
Germany
Denmark
United
States
Belgium
France
United
Kingdom
Canada
UAE
Russia
Federation
India
100
Private Non-Profit
90
Higher education
80706050
Business Enterprise
403020100
Government 37India Innovation Index 2020
This section provides
the methodology
followed to assess the
innovation capacities
and performance of
Indian states.
India
Innovation
Index
05 38India Innovation Index 2020
The objective of the India Innovation Index is to scrutinize
the innovation capacities and performance of Indian states.
The index provides an extensive framework for the constant
evaluation of the innovation ecosystem of the 28 Indian states
and 9 union territories. The index intends to accomplish the
following three functions:
The framework has been shaped post discussions with experts
in the domain of index creation and innovation. The consensus
was to include input and output as the main dimensions for the
index. Further, five inputs and two output pillars were created
consisting of indicators that enable and epitomize innovation in
India.
The India Innovation Index measures innovation inputs through
‘Enablers’ and innovation output as ‘Performance.’
Human Capital
Knowledge
Output
Investment
Knowledge
Diffusion
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Workers
• Rank all states and union territories based on their index score
• Identify opportunities and challenges
• Assist in modifying governmental policies to foster innovation
Five Enablers pillars
capture elements of
the state economy
that act as inputs
for the innovation
environment
Two Performance
pillars depict the
performance 39India Innovation Index 2020
Each pillar comprises relevant indicators. These indicators were carefully selected to ensure a
fair and accurate analysis of their respective pillars. The indicators cover both macroeconomic
(government) and microeconomic (private enterprise) aspects, by considering firms’ capabilities to
innovate as well as their activities and overall impact on innovation. Furthermore, this framework
is an improved edition of the index as it incorporates new indicators and has a modified
methodology for some indicators to capture accurate results.
There is a difference between the inputs and outputs while gauging innovation in an economy.
Inputs are variables that enable an economy to stimulate innovation while outputs are the outcomes
of innovative activities within the economy. The India Innovation Index considers both Enablers
(inputs) and Performance (outputs) as they are intricately related, and one drives the other.
• Enablers are the factors that reinforce innovative capacities, such as institutions and policies,
human capacity, infrastructure, technological adoption, and business markets and capital.
Enablers pillars define aspects of the environment instrumental in fostering innovation within a
State/UT. Together these pillars measure the degree to which a state has created an environment
conducive to innovation.
• Performance captures the benefits that a nation derives from the inputs in terms of knowledge
creation, competitiveness and wealth generation. This sub-index provides the results of
innovation within a State/UT.
The India Innovation Index intends to help in better understanding of a state’s innovation
ranking and relative performance. It incorporates key indicators relating to seven pillars that can
be used to understand the performance of a state with regard to innovation capabilities. The
pillar performance rankings can also serve to identify key areas where a state is under or over
performing.
• The India Innovation Index relies on two dimensions, ‘Enablers’ and ‘Performance’, and
within each dimension are pillars (see Figure1).
Four measures are calculated
• Enablers Score: Five input pillars capture elements of the economy that enable innovative
activities.
• Performance Score: Innovation outputs are the results of innovative activities within the
economy. Although this dimension includes only two pillars, it has the same weight in
calculating the overall Innovation scores as the Enablers dimension.
• The overall Innovation Score: The overall Innovation score is the simple average of the two
dimensions.
• Innovation Efficiency Ratio: This is the ratio of the two scores. It indicates the state’s ability
to efficiently leverage its investments and infrastructure to produce successful innovation
output.
Categorizing Inputs and Outputs
Conceptual
Framework 40India Innovation Index 2020
Table 2:
Measures of India Innovation Index
• The index consists of two dimensions, Enablers and Performance, and within each dimension
are pillars - distinct but related concepts that together make up each dimension.
• Human Capital: The level and quality of education and research capability are important
determinants of the innovation capacity of that region. This pillar tries to gauge the
human capital of the states through five key indicators. Human resources of a country are
a significant factor in the development of innovative ideas. Therefore, it is crucial to have
good-quality institutions of learning and R&D centres. A static, stagnant education system
cannot support innovation. An environment that encourages to ask critical questions is
the one that can foster innovation. The mere gathering of information is not sufficient, it is
far more crucial to see what one does with that information garnered in school. Investing
in education leads to long-term benefits by improving human capacity and, in turn, the
innovation capabilities of a nation.
• Investment: Public and private funding gauges the financial standing of a state and the
amount it spends on R&D. The ability to attract public and private funds sustains the
unparalleled capacity of individuals and organizations in the state to engage in the most
forward-looking R&D efforts. Access to financial institutions and investors willing to support
entrepreneurial ventures and business expansion are vital to encourage innovative business
activities. An efficient market is the one that ensures ready access to credit for business and
a steady flow of foreign direct investment (FDI).
• Knowledge Workers: Businesses strengthen their productivity, competitiveness, and
innovation potential through the employment of highly skilled professionals. This pillar tries
to capture the level of business sophistication to gauge how conducive the firms are to
innovation activities.
Pillars
Pillars
Indicators
per pillar
Indicators
per pillar
Indicators
Indicators
5 =
=
2
3-6
4-6
25
11
Enablers
Performance
Innovation Score = Average of Enablers and Performance Score
Enablers Score = Average of first five Pillars
Performance Score = Average of two Pillars 41India Innovation Index 2020
• Further, the indicators were selected considering the state of the Indian economy, for instance,
the fact that India is dominated by low-cost or frugal innovations, has been captured by
incorporating the number of grassroots innovations.
• Business Environment: Nurturing an environment that attracts business and enables
growth by providing good governance and the correct levels of protection and incentives
is essential to innovation. This pillar assesses the business environment in Indian states by
considering the ease of doing business ranking and governmental technological adoption.
The Business Environment Pillar expands on aspects that affect private entrepreneurial
endeavours and also measures the ability of the state to provide a supportive environment
for innovation.
• Safety and Legal Environment: Governments that enact and enforce open and fair
procedures, regulate markets efficiently, protect property rights, and lower the burden of
regulations are more likely to see higher levels of innovative entrepreneurial activity.
• Knowledge Output: As companies and individuals invest in R&D and develop innovative
products and services, their appeal increases across markets. This, in turn, benefits the
region through enhanced competitiveness. The objective of adding variables like number
of patents and trademarks filed is to capture the fruits of innovation. The scientific and
technological output is reflected by the number of scientific articles published.
• Knowledge Diffusion: This pillar reflects the degree to which a state can develop and
apply knowledge to increase the value-added components in products and services, as well
as a more general move toward an innovation-driven economy. Knowledge Output pillar
manifests itself particularly in hi-tech and manufacturing exports, commercialization of
intellectual property, handicraft, handloom and Geographical Indications sales in the states.
This pillar reflects the extent to which the state’s economy has grown from been resource-
driven to innovation driven. 42India Innovation Index 2020
The Index is calculated for the Indian states. India comprises twenty-eight states and nine union
territories, which are further sub-divided into districts and cities. The scope of this project covers all
the twenty-eight states and nine union territories.
1
For a country as large as India where her states have been divided based on language, their
geographical sizes are highly varied. The size of state of the Uttar Pradesh, for instance,
approximately matches that of the United Kingdom as a whole. On the other hand, the state of
Sikkim measures just 65 km by 115 km in size; approximately the size of the nation of Switzerland.
Union territories, which have been formed for administrative ease are even smaller.
Given the difference in geographical sizes of Indian states and union territories, comparing them
without spatial segregation introduces complexities. This is because the states vastly differ in terms
of innovative capacities, and policy implications for large states are different from small ones. The
states and union territories have thus been classified into three categories: Major States; NE and
Hill States; and UT and City States. These regions are categorized based on the area, as spatial
homogeneity across states makes for fair comparison for innovative capacity.
It must be noted that due to the aforementioned challenges of comparability across regions, the
state of Goa has been incorporated into the category of “UT and City States” despite being a state as
per the Indian Constitution. The north-eastern and hill states from northern India have been clubbed
under the same category due to their geographical similarities. Also, this year, Jammu and Kashmir is
categorized under “UT and City States” rather than “NE and Hill States”.
Geographic
Coverage
Major StatesNE and Hill States UT and City States
Andhra PradeshArunachal Pradesh Andaman & Nicobar Islands
BiharAssamChandigarh
ChhattisgarhHimachal Pradesh Dadra & Nagar Haveli
GujaratManipurDaman & Diu
HaryanaMeghalayaDelhi
JharkhandMizoramGoa
KarnatakaNagalandJammu & Kashmir
KeralaSikkimLakshadweep
Madhya PradeshTripuraPuducherry
MaharashtraUttarakhand
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
States Categorization
1
The data for the union territory of Ladakh is included in Jammu and Kashmir due to lack of availability of separate data. 43India Innovation Index 2020
The indicators for index were selected following discussions with NITI Aayog. Furthermore, the
credibility of sources, expert feedback, and data availability were also considered. All the data used
in the index was compiled from government sources, or from sources endorsed by NITI Aayog.
This year’s India Innovation Index framework builds on its previous edition while incorporating
newly available data for a more holistic assessment of innovation in India. The following three
indicators have been added to this year’s framework:
• National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)
• Expenditure on R&D (state government)
• New businesses registered
Detailed information on the indicators is available in Appendix A. A detailed table with data
availability for each indicator is available in Appendix B. The final framework has been presented in
Table 4.
After this, a descriptive analysis was performed on the selected set of indicators. A descriptive
analysis can inform decisions on which variables to include in the analysis, and highlight data
management issues, such as coding of variables and missing values (Vyas and Kumaranayake,
2006).
Calculating the India Innovation Index involves a multistage process, which has been depicted in
Table 3 and outlined below.
Index
Calculation
Table 3:
Index calculation steps
Indicator selection
and data collection
Dealing with
missing values
Dealing with
missing values
Data
transformation
Data
transformation
01 02
05 0304
Indicator Selection
and Data Collection 44India Innovation Index 2020
Table 4:
India Innovation Index Framework
Performance
Enablers
• Enrolment in PhD.
• Enrolment in engineering and
technology
• Colleges connected through NMEICT
• Higher education institutions with
NAAC grade A and above
• Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education
• Schools with ICT labs
• National Achievement Survey (NAS)
Scores (Class X)
• Grassroot innovations
• Patent applications filed
• Trademark applications filed
• Presence of start-ups
• Industrial design applications filed
• New businesses registered
• Publications
• Expenditure on higher and
technical education
• Expenditure on research
and development (state
government)
• Expenditure on science,
technology and
environment
• FDI inflow
• Venture capital deals
• ICT exports
• High and medium hi-tech
manufacturing entities
• Geographical Indications
(GI) registered
• Citations
• Knowledge-intensive
employment
• NGOs involved in
knowledge intensive areas
• Private R&D units
• State funded R&D units
• Ease of doing business
ranking
• Online services transactions
• Internet subscribers
• Incubator centres
• Common facility centres
• Cluster Strength
• Information Technology/
Intellectual Property
related acts
• Cyber crime police
stations
• Pendency of court cases
Human Capital
Knowledge
Output
Investment
Knowledge
Diffusion
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment 45India Innovation Index 2020
This edition of the index
is an improvement on
the existing framework
by incorporating new
indicators and modified
methodology for some of
the indicators to capture
accurate results. 46India Innovation Index 2020
To address the problem of missing values, the worst possible value was assigned to the indicator
for the state in question. This implies that positive indicators were given a value of zero, and
negative indicators were awarded the value of the worst-performing state.
There were a few indicators where updated data was not available. In such cases, the data was used
from the previous edition of the index. The issue was experienced for the following indicators:
• Venture capital deals
• Private R&D units
• State-funded R&D units
• High and medium hi-tech manufacturing entities
The union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, and Lakshadweep are missing
data for the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the computation of this data the per capita
GDP of India was multiplied with the state/union territory population to arrive at an estimate.
(source: GSDP Central Statistical Organisation, Population Census 2011).
Dealing with
Missing Values
Indicator/Dimension Missing Value Estimation
ENABLERS
Enrolment in engineering and technology
The union territory of Lakshadweep is missing value for enrolment in engineering and technology. Zero was used to impute missing data.
Enrolment in PhD Enrolment in PhD data is not available for the following union territories: Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, and Lakshadweep.Zero was used to impute missing data.
National Achievement Survey (NAS) scores
Modern language scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya and West Bengal.English scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Mathematics scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Science scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Social Studies scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Zero was used to impute the missing value.
Expenditure on science, technology, and environment
For the following union territories, expenditure on science, technology and environment data is not available for any year: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, and Lakshadweep.And for 2016-17 and 2017-18, the data for Bihar is also not available.Zero was used to impute missing data for all the above states. 47India Innovation Index 2020
Expenditure on research
and development (State
govt.)
For the following states and union territories, expenditure on
research and development data is not available for any year:
Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Goa, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli,
Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and Puducherry
Zero was used to impute missing data for all the above states.
FDI inflows Data for Lakshadweep is not available for FDI inflow indicator.
Zero for each year was used to impute the missing value.
Knowledge-intensive
employment
Data for knowledge-intensive employment is not available for the
state Mizoram and union territory of Lakshadweep as Annual Survey
of Industries (ASI) does not cover these regions.
Zero was used to impute the missing value
Internet subscribers in the
state
Number of internet subscribers data is missing for the union
territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra &
Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep.
The all-India average was used to impute the missing values.
Cluster Strength Data for Cluster Strength is not available for the following states:
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and
Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute the missing values
Pendency of court casesPercentage pendency of court cases was missing for the states of
Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland and union territories of Puducherry
and Lakshadweep.
The all-India highest value was used to impute the missing value.
PERFORMANCE
Patents filed from stateData for patents filed from state rates is not available for
Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute missing data.
Trademark applications
filed
Data for patents filed from state rates is not available for
Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute missing data.
Industrial design
applications filed
Industrial designs applications data is missing for the following states
and union territories: Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,
Sikkim, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute missing data.
Geographical Indications
(GI) registered
Data for Geographical Indications (GI) registered is not available
for the following states: Jharkhand, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,
Chandigarh and Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute the missing values 48India Innovation Index 2020
All the indicators in the final set are modified so that a greater value means a higher score for
the state. For instance, the pendency of court cases will have an adverse impact on the index.
Therefore, transformations are applied to make its impact positive. The list of the inverted
indicators is available in Appendix C.
In addition, for the case of FDI inflow into states, combined data was available for several state
and union territories. To resolve this issue, the FDI data was proportionately distributed among the
states by weighing the combined inflow as per their GDP share.
Data
Transformation
As all the indicators are measured in different units, it is important to standardize them so that
they become comparable. Otherwise, a variable that has relatively less variance but is measured on
a larger scale as compared to other variables may appear to have much greater variation than it
actually does. Standardization helps to solve this problem by making all the indicators unitless as it
rescales using a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
Standardization 49India Innovation Index 202M
The indicator selection process includes those that best describe the concept of the pillars and
are conceptually linked to each other. The rigor of the India Innovation Index methodology is
strengthened by assessing multiple aspects of fit between those indicators. First, the exploratory
factor analysis is used to test the underlying factors among the set of selected indicators in each
pillar. In this process, the indicators that are statistically incompatible are removed.
Furthermore, the India Innovation Index methodology involves evaluating the fit between the
individual indicators by calculating Cronbach’s alpha for each pillar. Alpha was developed by Lee
Cronbach in 1951 to provide a measure of the internal consistency of a test or scale; it is expressed
as a number between 0 and 1 (Tavakol & Dennick 2011). Internal consistency describes the extent
to which all the items in a test measure the same concept or construct and hence it is connected to
the inter-relatedness of the items within the test. Internal consistency can be employed for research
or examination purposes to ensure validity. An applied practitioner’s rule of thumb is that the alpha
value should be above 0.7 for any logical grouping of variables (Cortina, 1993).
The alpha values are presented in Table 5.
Evaluating
the Fit 50India Innovation Index 2020
Table 5:
Dimension PillarALPHA
Enablers Human Capital0.78
Investment0.76
Knowledge Workers0.67
Business Environment0.79
Performance Safety & Legal Environment0.43
Knowledge Output0.84
Knowledge Diffusion0.76
Cronbach’s alpha values for Safety and Legal Environment (0.43) are significantly lower. We
acknowledge this shortcoming, but despite various attempts, we could not improve the pillar’s
performance.
The India Innovation Index uses the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for calculating the weights of indicators within a pillar.
2
The pillar values are calculated by summing up the weighted scores
using the following formula:
A complete list of indicator weights is available in Appendix D.
The last step of determining the pillar score involves transforming the values to a 0 to 100 scale.
This is done by calculating the scores using the best and worst-case scenario in addition to the
regional dataset. The best and worst-case scenario are the actual best, and worst-case values from
the dataset are considered.
See Appendix E for the worst and best-case scenarios.
This method enhances comparability as well as comprehensiveness across the dataset.
The calculation is done using the following formula:
Where, Xj represents the raw pillar values.
Aggregation
Pillar
s
= ∑ (w
i
* indicator)
(Xj-Worst Case)
(Best Case-Worst Case)
2
Principal Component Analysis is a multivariate technique which was developed in early 20
th
century for the purpose of aggregating
information. In economics, the method has been applied to the studies of cointegration and spatial convergence (Harris 1997, Drakos
2002), development (Caudill, Zanella and Mixon 2000), panel data (Bai 1993, Reichlin 2002), forecasting (Stock and Watson 2002),
simultaneous equations (Choi 2002) and economics of education (Webster 2001). Factor analysis uses variances to produce communalities
between variables and the goal is to remove the common variance. (Yong and Pearce 2013).
Alpha Values 51India Innovation Index 2020
Table 6:
Dimension PillarALPHA
Enablers Human Capital0.65
Investment0.67
Knowledge Workers0.62
Business Environment0.66
Performance Safety & Legal Environment0.54
Knowledge Output0.72
Knowledge Diffusion0.62
Dimension
d
= 1/i ∑ Pillar
c
India Innovation Index = 1/2 ∑ Dimension
d
3
The statistic is a measure of the proportion of variance among variables that might be common variance.
Each dimension score is taken to be a simple average of its pillars. The rationale being the absence
of any theoretical or empirical proof to weigh any of the pillars higher than the others.
The two dimensions (i.e. Enablers and Performance) are believed to reflect equally important
aspects of innovation. Therefore, while calculating the index no priority has been given to any
dimension. Equal weights have been assigned to each of them to highlight their roles.
After calculating each pillar, the goodness of fit is evaluated using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)
measure of sampling adequacy.
3
The KMO index ranges from 0 to 1, as a rule of thumb, KMO
scores should be above 0.5 (Williams, Onsman, and Brown 2010). The results of this analysis are
shown in Table 6. The KMO of all the pillars are above the set standards.
I=5 or 2
Dimension Scores
Index Scores
The absolute scores are unable to distinguish states on the basis of their economic development. In some cases, it is more insightful to compare a state’s performance with its economic peers. For instance, a state may score low on certain aspects, but its performance could exceed the scores for states with similar income levels. On the other hand, a high-income state may have a high absolute score on a pillar but still fall short of what is typical for comparably wealthy states.
Relative
Performance of States
KMO Values 52India Innovation Index 202M
For this reason, the India Innovation Index developed a methodology to assess the state’s strengths
and weaknesses on a relative rather than on an absolute basis.
Scorecards are used to depict the relative performance. The state-level scorecards portray a state’s
detailed absolute and relative analysis. They are color-coded to highlight relative strengths and
weaknesses. Red indicates performance below the peer group mean; yellow indicates performance
consistent with the peer group; green depicts relative strength.
To determine the relative strength and weakness of a state, the first step is to identify a peer group.
We define a state’s economic peers as 10 states closest in GDP. We then calculate mean innovation
scores for the peer group (overall, and by dimension, pillar, and indicator). A state’s performance
is then compared to its peer group’s mean innovation scores to identify its relative strengths and
weaknesses. Strength is a performance significantly greater than the mean score, while a weakness
is a performance significantly lower than the mean score. Neutral performance is neither strong nor
weak, but within the same range as the economic peers. Significance is determined by a score that
is greater than or less than the average absolute deviation from the mean of the comparator group.
The India Innovation Index 2020 framework calculates scores to access the innovation ecosystem across Indian states and union territories. The 2020 edition presents changes in the rankings over time.
It is important to understand that the scores and rankings are not directly comparable from
one year to another. Several factors affect the scores each year. Therefore, inferences about the
performance of the states and union territories based on a year-on-year ranking can be misleading.
Each year’s ranking reflects the relative positioning of a particular state or union territory based on
the conceptual framework and data coverage, for that given year, also reflecting changes in the
underlying indicators at source and in data availability.
Some factors that influence the scores and ranking every year are:
• The performance of the state or union territory
• Changes in the India Innovation Index framework
• Data source changes and treatment of missing values
• Movement of states and union territories across state categorization
Year-on-year
comparison between scores 53India Innovation Index 2020
It is important to
understand that the scores
and rankings are not
directly comparable from
one year to another. There
are a number of factors that
affect the scores each year.
Therefore, inferences about
the performance of the
states and union territories
based on a year-on-year
ranking can be misleading. 54India Innovation Index 2020
The India Innovation Index 2020 framework consists of 36 indicators, which includes hard data (32
indicators) and composite indicators (4 indicators). Following is the list of composite indicators in
the framework:
• Ease of Doing Business Ranking
• Cluster Strength
• Publications
• Citations
Technical
Notes
India Innovation Index 2019AdjustmentIndia Innovation Index 2020
State government expenditure on higher and technical education
Methodology change: Three-year average
Expenditure on higher and technical education
Expenditure on science, technology and environment
Methodology change: Three-year average
Expenditure on science, technology and environment
Ease of Doing Business: Implementation score
Indicator changed at sourceEase of Doing Business ranking
Number of industrial clustersReplacedCluster strength
Number of cyber and social media monitoring cells
Indicator changed at sourceCyber-crime police stations
Pendency of court cases (2-5 years)
Methodology change Pendency of court cases (10 years and above)
Number of publications Methodology change Publications
Number of citations Methodology change Citations
Changes in India Innovation Index 2020 framework
Composite Indicators 55India Innovation Index 2020
This section outlines
interesting insights
to help understand
the innovation
landscape of the
country.
India Innovation
Index: Key
Findings
06 56India Innovation Index 2020
The India Innovation Index is a combination of two dimensions
—Enablers and Performance—with seven pillars and 36
indicators between them. The findings from the index provide
some interesting insights that would help in understanding the
innovation landscape of the country at both national and sub-
national levels.
The country-level analysis offers a macroscopic view
of the Indian innovation ecosystem. The analysis presents an
overview of the country’s strengths and weaknesses on the
innovation front, which can help appraise policies, strategies and
related action plans at the national level.
Indian states have achieved an average score of 23.4 in the
Innovation Index that ranges from a scale of 0 (worst-case
scenario) to 100 (best-case scenario). The score shows that India
has immense scope for improvement in the space of innovation,
but it needs to be put into perspective by analysing the factors
making up the score.
The level of innovation in a country can be determined by its
innovation capabilities and the outcome of leveraging those
capabilities, which are categorised as Enablers and Performance
Figure 6:
Country-Level Analysis of India
Innovation Index
The country’s innovative
capabilities are mostly
carried by its Safety and
Legal Environment (60.3)
and Human Capital (score
of 42.3), while Investment
scores the lowest at 10.9.
Country-Level
Analysis
Scores
50
60
40
30
20
10
0
InnovationEnablersPerformance
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Knowledge
Diffusion 57India Innovation Index 2020
The rapid rise of the
IT industry since
liberalisation saw a
corresponding rise in the
number of engineering
and technology institutes
in the country, which
can also explain the high
innovation capabilities of
the country in terms of its
human capital.
in the index, respectively. The Innovation score of 23.4 is an
aggregation of the Enablers score of 29 and the Performance
score of 17.9. A score of 29 on the Enablers dimension
shows the level of India’s innovation capabilities, which are
measured by the five pillars of Human Capital, Investment,
Knowledge Workers, Business Environment, and Safety and
Legal Environment. Delving deeper shows that the country’s
innovative capabilities are mostly carried by its Safety and Legal
Environment (60.3) and Human Capital (score of 42.3), while
Investment scores the lowest at 10.9.
The robust and agile cybersecurity ecosystem in India could
be one of the reasons behind the high score for Safety and
Legal Environment. India’s National Cyber Security Policy 2013,
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), National
Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC),
and the National Cyber Security Coordinator together ensure
secure cyberspace for businesses and innovators. Evidently,
India was ranked 23rd above 164 countries in the UN’s Global
Cybersecurity Index (GCI) in 2017. Additionally, the enabling
policy framework and initial incentives that fostered the growth
of the Information Technology and IT-enabled Services (ITeS)
industry have also contributed toward creating an encouraging
environment for innovation in the country. With its huge young
population, India also does not fall short of a talent pool.
The sustained expansion in the higher education sector over
the decades implies a rise in skilled labour in the economy.
Further, the rapid rise of the IT industry since liberalisation
saw a corresponding rise in the number of engineering and
technology institutes in the country, which can also explain the
high innovation capabilities of the country in terms of its human
capital.
However, the Performance score of 17.9 falling below Enablers
indicates that the innovation capabilities of the country are
not utilised to their optimum level. For example, despite the
high number of engineering graduates in the country, their
low employability in the knowledge economy results in a level
of Knowledge Output and knowledge diffusion that does not
correspond with the level of human capital available to be
leveraged for innovation. Besides the deficiency in knowledge
workers, the low expenditure in R&D, higher education, science,
technology and environment, and the lack of venture capital
investment also thwart innovation in India. 58India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi scores the highest at
46.6 while Lakshadweep
finishes last with a score
of 11.7, leading to a score
range of 34.89.
State-Level
Analysis
The Indian states display a wide range of scores on the index. Delhi scores the highest at 46.6
while Lakshadweep finishes last with a score of 11.7, leading to a score range of 34.89. To ensure
a fair comparison, states have been categorised under three segments, viz. NE and Hill States, UT
and City States, and Major States. The first two categories are segregated
from the rest of the Indian states (or Major States) due to their geographical categories, varied
sizes and administrative capabilities.
Amongst the Major States, the average innovation score is 25.35. Karnataka tops at 42.5,
which is attributable to its strong number of venture capital deals, registered GIs and ICT
exports. Karnataka’s high FDI inflow has also enhanced the innovation capabilities of the state.
Maharashtra follows second at 38, while Bihar finishes last at 14.5. The case for the southern
states as the top performers has also become stronger as four of them occupy the top-five spots
within the Major States.
The NE and Hill states achieve an average innovation score of 17.89, with Himachal Pradesh
as the best performer with a score of 25, followed by Manipur (22.77) and Sikkim (22.28),
respectively. With 31.9% of its total employment generated being knowledge-intensive, Himachal
Pradesh benefits from a high number of knowledge workers. Another characteristic that boosts
the state’s level of innovation is its industry-friendly policies and incentives, which are reflected in
its high rank (7) in the Ease of Doing Business Index. However, Himachal Pradesh still has a lot of
untapped potential, since the high score gap of 23.4 between Enablers and Performance shows
that its innovation capabilities are not harnessed efficiently.
The innovation score of UT and City States averages at 26.01. Delhi, the best performer among
all groups, naturally tops the ranking in the group of union territories as well. Chandigarh follows
second with a score of 38.57, whereas Lakshadweep and Jammu and Kashmir occupy the last
two positions in the group respectively. Having recorded the highest number of trademark and
patent applications, along with the establishment of new start-ups and companies in the last
financial year, the national capital has managed to deliver superior results in the domain of 59India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Output. Delhi’s performance is attributable to its
conducive business environment, especially in terms of internet
penetration, which is the highest in the country. The national
capital also has 202.71 internet subscribers per 100 population.
Interestingly, many of the high-scoring states score higher on
Performance than on Enablers, suggesting that their innovation
output surpasses their ability. On the other hand, low-scoring
states reveal a pattern of scoring better on Enablers than on
Performance, suggesting that they are not able to translate
their innovation abilities into the desired outcome. It is
especially the case with NE and Hill States, for whom the gap
between the average Enablers score and the Performance score
is the highest at 21.41.
The innovation scores also show a positive correlation with the Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP), meaning higher economic growth leads to more innovation and vice-versa. Nevertheless,
there are exceptions in the form of states that are underperforming for their level of economic
growth, and therefore have the resources to improve their innovation capabilities and performance.
At the same time, there can be many factors causing high GDP growth for a state, resulting in
innovation efforts taking a backseat. Goa, for example, has a high per capita GDP, higher than Delhi,
despite having an innovation score of 24.92, which is much lower than Delhi’s. It is because Goa’s
large tourism sector contributes immensely to the state’s economy. Hence, it is not a perfectly
linear correlation, but there is a generally positive relationship between the level of innovation in
a state and its economic growth, suggesting that innovation is one of the essential elements for a
prosperous economy.
The innovation scores
also show a positive
correlation with the Gross
State Domestic Product
(GSDP), meaning higher
economic growth leads to
more innovation and vice-
versa.
Figure 7:
Correlation between states’ GDP and innovation scores 60India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor StatesScore
1 KARNATAKA42.50
2 MAHARASHTRA38.03
3 TAMIL NADU37.91
4 TELANGANA33.23
5 KERALA30.58
6 HARYANA25.81
7 ANDHRA PRADESH24.19
8 GUJARAT23.63
9 UTTAR PRADESH22.85
10 PUNJAB22.54
11 WEST BENGAL21.69
12 RAJASTHAN20.83
13 MADHYA PRADESH20.82
14 ODISHA18.94
15 JHARKHAND17.12
16 CHHATTISGARH15.77
17 BIHAR14.48
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI46.60
2 CHANDIGARH 38.57
3 DAMAN & DIU 26.76
4 PUDUCHERRY 25.23
5 GOA24.92
6 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
22.74
7 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
18.89
8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 18.62
9 LAKSHADWEEP 11.71
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 HIMACHAL PRADESH 25.06
2 UTTARAKHAND 23.50
3 MANIPUR22.78
4 SIKKIM20.28
5 MIZORAM16.93
6 ASSAM16.38
7 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
14.90
8 NAGALAND 14.11
9 TRIPURA12.84
10 MEGHALAYA 12.15
Innovation: 61India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 KERALA36.97
2 TAMIL NADU 36.57
3 KARNATAKA 34.81
4 MAHARASHTRA 34.71
5 ANDHRA PRADESH 33.14
6 HARYANA32.59
7 TELANGANA 31.00
8 PUNJAB30.03
9 GUJARAT29.28
10 CHHATTISGARH 25.76
11 RAJASTHAN 25.70
12 MADHYA PRADESH 25.40
13 JHARKHAND 22.63
14 ODISHA20.93
15 WEST BENGAL 18.25
16 UTTAR PRADESH 16.53
17 BIHAR14.43
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 SIKKIM38.98
2 MANIPUR37.32
3 HIMACHAL PRADESH 36.28
4 UTTARAKHAND 29.68
5 MIZORAM27.79
6 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
27.46
7 NAGALAND 26.11
8 TRIPURA23.37
9 ASSAM19.75
10 MEGHALAYA 19.23
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 CHANDIGARH 41.52
2 DELHI40.08
3 GOA39.76
4 PUDUCHERRY 34.83
5 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
30.16
6 JAMMU & KASHMIR 26.83
7 DAMAN & DIU 26.63
8 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
26.63
9 LAKSHADWEEP 21.70
RankMajor States Score
1 KARNATAKA 50.19
2 MAHARASHTRA 41.35
3 TAMIL NADU 39.25
4 TELANGANA 35.47
5 UTTAR PRADESH 29.18
6 WEST BENGAL 25.13
7 KERALA24.20
8 HARYANA19.03
9 GUJARAT17.98
10 ODISHA16.94
11 MADHYA PRADESH 16.24
12 RAJASTHAN 15.96
13 ANDHRA PRADESH 15.25
14 PUNJAB15.05
15 BIHAR14.53
16 JHARKHAND 11.60
17 CHHATTISGARH 5.78
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 UTTARAKHAND 17.31
2 HIMACHAL PRADESH 13.85
3 ASSAM13.00
4 MANIPUR8.23
5 MIZORAM6.08
6 MEGHALAYA 5.07
7 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
2.35
8 TRIPURA2.32
9 NAGALAND 2.11
10 SIKKIM1.58
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI53.12
2 CHANDIGARH 35.62
3 DAMAN & DIU 26.89
4 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
18.86
5 PUDUCHERRY 15.63
6 JAMMU & KASHMIR 10.41
7 GOA10.09
8 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
7.62
9 LAKSHADWEEP 1.71
EnablersPerformance 62India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 TAMIL NADU 62.80
2 KERALA59.72
3 KARNATAKA 54.27
4 PUNJAB53.09
5 ANDHRA PRADESH 47.43
6 HARYANA47.22
7 MAHARASHTRA 46.43
8 TELANGANA 45.90
9 GUJARAT44.97
10 ODISHA42.10
11 RAJASTHAN 41.65
12 CHHATTISGARH 35.77
13 MADHYA PRADESH 32.70
14 JHARKHAND 23.16
15 BIHAR20.98
16 WEST BENGAL 20.43
17 UTTAR PRADESH 18.23
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 SIKKIM45.76
2 HIMACHAL PRADESH 44.58
3 MIZORAM42.62
4 UTTARAKHAND 41.89
5 TRIPURA40.02
6 MANIPUR40.01
7 NAGALAND 36.01
8 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
35.08
9 ASSAM32.08
10 MEGHALAYA 30.73
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 CHANDIGARH 74.82
2 PUDUCHERRY 72.39
3 GOA55.84
4 DELHI49.81
5 DAMAN & DIU 42.27
6 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
41.32
7 LAKSHADWEEP 38.27
8 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
32.13
9 JAMMU & KASHMIR 31.04
RankMajor States Score
1 KARNATAKA 33.01
2 JHARKHAND 26.05
3 HARYANA16.49
4 MAHARASHTRA 13.04
5 TAMIL NADU 11.43
6 GUJARAT10.81
7 KERALA9.18
8 TELANGANA 7.90
9 MADHYA PRADESH 7.47
10 CHHATTISGARH 6.15
11 UTTAR PRADESH 5.21
12 PUNJAB5.10
13 RAJASTHAN 5.00
14 ANDHRA PRADESH 4.10
15 ODISHA3.24
16 WEST BENGAL 2.98
17 BIHAR2.49
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 MANIPUR41.18
2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
33.66
3 SIKKIM13.53
4 HIMACHAL PRADESH 10.49
5 MIZORAM10.00
6 UTTARAKHAND 7.01
7 NAGALAND 6.76
8 ASSAM5.44
9 MEGHALAYA 3.93
10 TRIPURA2.29
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI19.72
2 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
18.70
3 GOA13.43
4 JAMMU & KASHMIR 12.99
5 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
7.91
6 CHANDIGARH 6.62
7 LAKSHADWEEP 5.53
8 DAMAN & DIU 3.42
9 PUDUCHERRY 1.43
Human CapitalInvestment 63India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 MAHARASHTRA 22.81
2 KARNATAKA 22.58
3 GUJARAT21.16
4 ANDHRA PRADESH 20.86
5 TELANGANA 16.22
6 TAMIL NADU 16.09
7 HARYANA15.57
8 KERALA15.34
9 PUNJAB9.86
10 MADHYA PRADESH 8.36
11 RAJASTHAN 8.25
12 WEST BENGAL 7.33
13 UTTAR PRADESH 6.75
14 ODISHA5.66
15 CHHATTISGARH 4.28
16 BIHAR3.51
17 JHARKHAND 2.77
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 HIMACHAL PRADESH 36.86
2 SIKKIM32.67
3 MANIPUR29.87
4 UTTARAKHAND 22.62
5 MEGHALAYA 10.92
6 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
7.77
7 NAGALAND 6.58
8 TRIPURA6.22
9 ASSAM5.69
10 MIZORAM1.02
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 GOA33.52
2 CHANDIGARH 30.04
3 DELHI28.35
4 PUDUCHERRY 20.17
5 JAMMU & KASHMIR 16.84
6 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
13.11
7 DAMAN & DIU 9.81
8 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
1.18
9 LAKSHADWEEP 0.00
RankMajor States Score
1 KERALA37.12
2 TAMIL NADU 31.84
3 ANDHRA PRADESH 30.06
4 MAHARASHTRA 29.26
5 GUJARAT26.87
6 UTTAR PRADESH 26.35
7 TELANGANA 26.16
8 KARNATAKA 24.43
9 WEST BENGAL 20.16
10 HARYANA18.96
11 RAJASTHAN 17.21
12 CHHATTISGARH 15.17
13 MADHYA PRADESH 14.79
14 PUNJAB14.20
15 JHARKHAND 11.63
16 ODISHA8.94
17 BIHAR5.17
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 HIMACHAL PRADESH 22.91
2 UTTARAKHAND 14.83
3 ASSAM9.41
4 MIZORAM4.57
5 NAGALAND 4.36
6 MEGHALAYA 4.33
7 TRIPURA4.09
8 MANIPUR4.04
9 SIKKIM3.73
10 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
2.78
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI39.72
2 GOA36.90
3 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
23.72
4 LAKSHADWEEP 15.47
5 DAMAN & DIU 14.90
6 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
13.47
7 CHANDIGARH 10.03
8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 9.99
9 PUDUCHERRY 8.18
Knowledge Workers Business Environment 64India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor StatesScore
1 PUNJAB67.91
2 CHHATTISGARH67.46
3 HARYANA64.69
4 MADHYA PRADESH63.66
5 KERALA63.46
6 ANDHRA PRADESH63.24
7 MAHARASHTRA62.01
8 TAMIL NADU60.68
9 TELANGANA58.81
10 RAJASTHAN56.40
11 JHARKHAND49.54
12 ODISHA44.71
13 GUJARAT42.59
14 WEST BENGAL40.35
15 BIHAR40.02
16 KARNATAKA39.75
17 UTTAR PRADESH26.09
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 SIKKIM99.20
2 MIZORAM80.73
3 NAGALAND76.86
4 MANIPUR71.52
5 HIMACHAL PRADESH66.54
6 TRIPURA64.22
7 UTTARAKHAND62.04
8 ARUNACHAL PRADESH58.02
9 MEGHALAYA46.26
10 ASSAM46.15
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 CHANDIGARH86.11
2 PUDUCHERRY71.97
3 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI66.52
4 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS65.87
5 JAMMU & KASHMIR63.31
6 DELHI62.80
7 DAMAN & DIU62.75
8 GOA59.09
9 LAKSHADWEEP49.25
Safety and Legal Environment 65India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 MAHARASHTRA 34.57
2 TELANGANA 28.22
3 KARNATAKA 28.13
4 TAMIL NADU 25.77
5 HARYANA22.85
6 UTTAR PRADESH 21.37
7 KERALA17.86
8 WEST BENGAL 17.76
9 GUJARAT17.07
10 PUNJAB16.65
11 MADHYA PRADESH 13.74
12 BIHAR13.41
13 RAJASTHAN 12.85
14 JHARKHAND 12.60
15 ODISHA10.82
16 ANDHRA PRADESH 9.35
17 CHHATTISGARH 6.00
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 UTTARAKHAND 18.04
2 HIMACHAL PRADESH 14.39
3 MANIPUR13.97
4 ASSAM10.28
5 MIZORAM8.02
6 MEGHALAYA 4.35
7 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
4.07
8 TRIPURA4.01
9 NAGALAND 2.36
10 SIKKIM2.31
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI82.83
2 CHANDIGARH 55.10
3 DAMAN & DIU 43.48
4 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
19.96
5 PUDUCHERRY 19.21
6 GOA18.39
7 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
15.23
8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 8.90
9 LAKSHADWEEP 3.43
RankMajor States Score
1 KARNATAKA 72.26
2 TAMIL NADU 52.73
3 MAHARASHTRA 48.12
4 TELANGANA 42.71
5 UTTAR PRADESH 36.98
6 WEST BENGAL 32.51
7 KERALA30.54
8 ODISHA23.06
9 ANDHRA PRADESH 21.14
10 RAJASTHAN 19.07
11 GUJARAT18.90
12 MADHYA PRADESH 18.75
13 BIHAR15.66
14 HARYANA15.22
15 PUNJAB13.46
16 JHARKHAND 10.61
17 CHHATTISGARH 5.55
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 UTTARAKHAND 16.58
2 ASSAM15.73
3 HIMACHAL PRADESH 13.31
4 MEGHALAYA 5.79
5 MIZORAM4.13
6 MANIPUR2.48
7 NAGALAND 1.86
8 SIKKIM0.85
9 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
0.62
10 TRIPURA0.62
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI23.42
2 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
17.76
3 CHANDIGARH 16.14
4 PUDUCHERRY 12.05
5 JAMMU & KASHMIR 11.93
6 DAMAN & DIU 10.31
7 GOA1.79
8 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
0.00
9 LAKSHADWEEP 0.00
Knowledge Output Knowledge Diffusion 66India Innovation Index 2020
Pillar-Level
Analysis
Human Capital
Enablers
Figure 8:
Regional mapping of Human Capital scores
Highest scoring states: Chandigarh, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa
Lowest scoring states: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Meghalaya
Average pillar score: 42.3 67India Innovation Index 2020
Human capital has emerged as the second-best performing
pillar, among both Enablers and Performance, with an average
score of 42.3. Chandigarh emerged as the best performer with
a score of 74.82, owing to the high enrolment rate in PhD
programs and provision of quality education in schools and
colleges. Tamil Nadu scored the highest among the Major States
and Mizoram, among the NE and Hill States. Uttar Pradesh
(18.23) lagged behind the rest of the states, while Meghalaya
finished last among NE and Hill States. The newest union
territory, Jammu and Kashmir performed the lowest among the
UT and City States.
Looking at the distribution of scores across the subcontinent,
southern states have performed well overall. In fact, the more
developed states have predictably done better in human capital
development. The better-performing states are also noted to be
either union territories or high/upper-middle income states.
On the other hand, eastern parts of the country are lagging.
Given the potential workforce and demographic advantage,
there lies tremendous potential in states such as Bihar, West
Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, and thus urgent attention is needed
to enable improvement.
Human capital has been measured on the basis of seven
indicators, namely enrolment in PhD programs; enrolment
in engineering and technology, colleges connected through
the National Mission on Education through Information and
Communication Technology (NMEICT); higher education
institutions with National Assessment and Accreditation
Council (NAAC) grade A and above; pupil-teacher ratio (higher
education), schools with ICT labs and National Achievement
Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X).
Given the potential
workforce and
demographic advantage,
there lies tremendous
potential in states such
as Bihar, West Bengal and
Uttar Pradesh, and thus
urgent attention is needed
to allow improvement. 68India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 9:
Indicator scores under Human Capital
Among all pillars under Human Capital, the states have
performed the best on NAS scores (Class X), wherein the
average NAS score achieved by all states is 35.66. There is also a
low variance in scores seen among the states. The income-level
in a state also plays a major role as pupils belonging to middle
and higher-income groups are more likely to be studying in
private schools and having access to better learning options
outside of school. States ensuring good quality of education in
government-aided schools can also help raise the NAS score
significantly. Given Delhi’s high-income levels as well as the
landmark transformation of the government school system, the
national capital reported the highest NAS score (44.73). Since
the quality of education is also a function of the pupil-teacher
ratio, it was the second best-performing indicator under Human
Capital.
On the other hand, the pillar score was weighed down by the
low number of higher education institutions ensuring high-
quality education, wherein only 3.37% of the institutions had
a NAAC grade A and above. With 40.74% of institutions in
Chandigarh having grade A and above, the state topped the
ranking in that particular indicator. Enrolment in engineering
and technology also showed a drop across India, albeit
disproportionately. Data shows students enrolled in engineering
and technology programs are concentrated in southern parts
of the country, whereas the figures are low in the North-Eastern
states, which instead perform better in PhD enrolment rates.
Given Delhi’s high income
levels as well as the
landmark transformation
of the government school
system, the national
capital reported the
highest NAS score (44.73).
Colleges connected
through NMEICT
Higher education institutions with
NAAC grade A and above
NAS Scores (Class X, NCERT)
Pupil-teacher ratio in
Higher Education
Enrolment in Ph.D
Enrolment in Engineering
and Technology
Schools with ICT abs
200604080 100
48.17
12.67
79.70
68.53
29.88
24.29
35.31 69India Innovation Index 2020
Investment is the lowest scoring pillar in the index with an average score of 10.9, suggesting
that the country’s innovation capabilities are restricted heavily by lack of resources. Manipur
emerged as the best performer among all states with a score of 41.18, on the strength of its high
Investment
Figure 10:
Regional mapping of Investment scores
Highest scoring states: Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, DelhiLowest scoring states: Puducherry, Tripura, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha
Average pillar score: 10.9 70India Innovation Index 2020
expenditure on science, technology, and environment and high public expenditure on research
and development. Karnataka was the highest scorer among Major States, and Delhi among UT
and City States. Puducherry ranked at the bottom of the overall ranking; Bihar stood last among
Major States and Tripura among NE and Hill States.
Clearly, only a few states performed better in this pillar. Additionally, the states’ scores on the pillar
do not show any predictable pattern as even the more prosperous states have underperformed in
comparison to their less-developed counterparts, with the exception of Karnataka, which reported
high amounts of FDI inflows and ventures capital deals. Despite having adequate resources to
bring in investment, the majority of high/upper-middle income states’ underperformance on the
pillar is a cause of concern.
Other well-performing states are Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh. While Manipur has excelled in
spending on public R&D and also attracted a significant inflow of FDI, Arunachal Pradesh allotted
the highest proportionate expenditure for science, technology, and the environment. Jharkhand
emerged as an exceptional achiever in this pillar by managing to score better than Maharashtra
and Gujarat, which are considered to be the preferred destinations for investment. The state has
managed to create itself as an attractive FDI destination and has allotted significant amounts of
expenditure toward science, technology, and the environment.
The pillar score is measured on the basis of five indicators, namely expenditure on higher and
technical education, expenditure on research and development (state government), expenditure
on science, technology and environment, FDI inflow, and venture capital deals.
The states’ scores on
the pillar do not show
any predictable pattern
as even the more
prosperous states have
underperformed in
comparison to their less-
developed counterparts,
with the exception of
Karnataka, which reported
high amounts of FDI
inflows and venture
capital deals. 71India Innovation Index 2020
States have performed
relatively better in terms
of expenditure on higher
and technical education,
the benefits of which
have also seemed to carry
over to human capital
development, one of the
higher scoring pillars in
the index.
Figure 11:
Indicator scores under Investment
Since Investment is the lowest scoring pillar, the corresponding
indicators also demonstrate low scores, but the states’
performances are particularly concerning in terms of the volume
of Venture Capital Deals, which are negligible in majority of
the states. Karnataka is the only state to perform well on this
indicator, thanks to its strong start-up ecosystem that is driving
the country’s start-up growth story.
Data also shows low investment in R&D and science,
technology, and the environment, which the states can improve
upon to enhance their innovation capabilities. States have
performed relatively better in terms of expenditure on higher
and technical education, the benefits of which also seem to
carry over to human capital development, one of the higher
scoring pillars in the index. Andaman and Nicobar Islands and
Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as the overperformers in this
area, while states in the mainland underperformed, especially
Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and Rajasthan.
FDI inflow is another area that shows potential for greater
improvement. Although prosperous states like Delhi,
Maharashtra, and Karnataka have performed well on this
indicator, Jharkhand is leading the score. One of the richest
mineral zones in the country, Jharkhand’s high availability of
metals and minerals like steel and coal make it an attractive
destination for investment, thus endowing it with immense
potential to boost its innovation landscape.
Expenditure on Research and
Development (state government)
FDI inflow
Venture Capital Deals
Expenditure on Science, Technology
and Environment
Expenditure on Higher and
Technical Education
200604080 100
8.97
13.05
7.55
10.41
15.97 72India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge workers
Figure 12:
Regional mapping of Knowledge Workers scores
Highest scoring states: Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Sikkim, Chandigarh, Manipur
Lowest scoring states: Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Jharkhand, Bihar
Average pillar score: 14.46 73India Innovation Index 2020
The average score in Knowledge Workers (14.46) is significantly lesser than that in Human
Capital (42.32), indicating a vital gap between educational attainment and employability among
Indian graduates in knowledge-intensive activities. Among all the states, Himachal Pradesh has
performed the best in this pillar, with a score of 36.86, a major part of which is attributable to
its high number of state-funded R&D units. Among the Major States, Maharashtra is the best
performer, and among the UT and City States, Goa secured the highest score. Lakshadweep
finished last with a score of 0, while Jharkhand secured the lowest score among Major States and
Mizoram among NE and Hill States.
The regional mapping of scores shows a fairly visible regional disparity, wherein central and
north-east India have relatively lower scores than the rest of the states. Although they are not the
top scorers, the southern states show greater uniformity in their scores. Major States also do not
have a strong presence in the top states under this pillar. Maharashtra, which is the highest scorer
among Major States, is quite distant from the top-scorer, Himachal Pradesh. Better-performing
states mostly belong to UT and City States and a few of the NE and Hill States. However, the
success of such states must be read with caution as the data is only available for the organized
sector and, therefore, the proportionate presence of knowledge workers can inflate in states
where the presence of the organized sector is lesser in volume. This also makes cross-country
comparisons a major challenge.
Since it is one of the low-scoring pillars, the corresponding indicators also demonstrate low
scores. The pillar is made up of four indicators, namely knowledge-intensive employment,
NGOs involved in knowledge-intensive areas, private R&D units, and state-funded R&D units.
Amongst them, the states have performed relatively better in terms of private R&D units, wherein
0.43 private R&D units per lakh population were reported on average. UT and City States have
performed better than the rest, with Chandigarh at the top (2.27 private R&D units per lakh
population), followed by Delhi and Goa, respectively. However, in terms of state-funded R&D
units, these states have lagged, while Himachal Pradesh has emerged as the relatively better
performer with 0.50 state-funded R&D units per lakh population. It must be noted that the scores
of the bigger and more populous states are lower because of their high population, which deflates
the proportionate number of R&D units vis-à-vis the population.
Figure 13:
Indicator scores under Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment
State-funded R&D units
Private R&D units in the state
NGOs involved in
knowledge-intensive areas
200604080 100
13.82
17.46
19.01
8.79 74India Innovation Index 2020
The low expenditure in R&D and subsequent paucity of resources are bound to restrict businesses
from innovating and further expanding their activities. The low expenditure is also reflected in the
low involvement of NGOs in knowledge-intensive areas. Moreover, graduates of the country face
the issue of poor employability. All these factors result in low knowledge-intensive employment
generation, and the data reflects as much. It is especially concerning in light of India’s better
performance in human capital, which indicates that we are losing out on a lot of innovation
potential by not being able to utilize our human capital toward knowledge work.
The average score in
Knowledge Workers
(14.46) is significantly
lesser than that in Human
Capital (42.32), indicating
a vital gap between
educational attainment
and employability among
Indian graduates in
knowledge-intensive
activities. 75India Innovation Index 2020
India’s average score on the Business Environment pillar is 16.8, with Delhi yielding a score of 39.7,
placing it at the top spot. Kerala (37.1) has emerged as the best performer among Major States,
and Himachal Pradesh (22.9) among NE and Hill States. On the other hand, Arunachal Pradesh
(2.8) finished last overall and among NE and Hill States, Bihar (5.2) among Major States, and
Puducherry (8.2) among UT and City States.
Business Environment
Figure 14:
Regional mapping of Business Environment scores
Highest scoring states: Delhi, Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Andhra PradeshLowest scoring states: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya
Average pillar score: 16.8 76India Innovation Index 2020
The regional imbalance is clearly reflected in this pillar as all the North-east states except Assam
feature at the bottom. Most of these states don’t have any incubation centres or common facility
centres, which means that there is an absence of a business nurturing ecosystem where start-
ups can emerge and fledgling businesses can be provided necessary facilities. Delhi, Goa, Tamil
Nadu, and Kerala are strong performers and positively deviate from the means of their respective
categories.
The pillar score consists of six indicators, namely, the ease of doing business ranking, online
service transactions, internet subscribers, incubator centres, common facility centres, and cluster
strength.
The business environment of the country is particularly held back by the lack of incubator centres
and common facility centres. There is a significant gap between the scores of Major States and
that of the other two categories as the number of incubator centres per lakh of the population
is likely to get inflated in union territories and small states due to their low population. This is
why the range of scores is high, and all the Major States are concentrated at the bottom of the
ranking. As a result, it has brought down the average score on the pillar. Nevertheless, there is still
some room for improvement. As Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups are
already driving the growth engine of the economy, the establishment of more incubator centres
and common facility centres can catapult them to even greater heights.
On the positive side, India has significantly improved its position in the Ease of Doing Business
Index over the last five years, from a rank of 142 in 2014 to 63 in 2019, which it has maintained
in 2020. Hence, relatively better performance is seen in the corresponding indicator. Within the
country, Andhra Pradesh has secured the first rank, and interestingly, many of the historically
backward states have performed better than some of the more developed states. Uttar Pradesh,
Figure 15:
Indicator scores under Business Environment
Cluster Strength
Common facility centres in the state
Ease of doing business ranking
Internet subscribers in the state
Incubator centres in the state
Number of Online Services
transactions
200604080 100
29.22
7.24
40.27
16.98
5.39
14.93 77India Innovation Index 2020
Within the country,
Andhra Pradesh has
secured the first rank,
and interestingly, many of
the historically backward
states have performed
better than some of the
more developed states.
As MSMEs and start-ups
are already driving the
growth engine of the
economy, establishment
of more incubator centres
and common facility
centres can catapult them
to even greater heights.
Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand managed to secure the 2nd,
4th and 5th positions, respectively, which was possible because
they implemented many of the reforms recommended under
the Business Reforms Action Plan, such as the single-window
system, access to information, and practicing transparency,
labour reforms, etc.
India has also performed satisfactorily on cluster strength,
though the North-eastern states and some of the UT and City
States have lagged behind the rest. Endowed with natural
resources, Northeast India holds immense potential for
developing industrial clusters but also faces challenges in the
form of difficult geographical terrains, logistical challenges, and
in-adequate physical and financial infrastructure. Government
of India’s Act East Policy (AEP) has redirected development
efforts in the region, but there is still a lot of ground to cover. In
addition, for the development of clusters, states need to identify
potential areas of growth and handhold existing industries to
help them grow and expand.
In order to make the business environment more conducive,
internet penetration and digital literacy are another areas
that states can improve to ensure better facilitation of digital
activities and online transactions. 78India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment
Figure 16:
Regional mapping of Safety and Legal Environment scores
Highest scoring states: Sikkim, Chandigarh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Puducherry
Lowest scoring states: Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat
Average pillar score: 60.29 79India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment is the highest scoring amongst all the pillars. The country’s average
score stands at 60.29, with 14 states having scored below the national average. The regional
parity of this pillar is visible with most Indian states scoring higher than the national average.
Interestingly, this is the only pillar wherein the positive outliers emerge from three north-eastern
states, and Sikkim. The eastern states of Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar, along with the more
economically prosperous states of Karnataka and Gujarat have scored below the national average.
Uttar Pradesh is the only negative outlier in this mapping, having scored the lowest in this pillar.
The three indicators that determine the pillar’s score are the number of offenses against
Information Technology and Intellectual Property (IT/IP) related Acts, cyber-crime police stations,
and pendency of court cases.
The safety and legal environment of the country has been strengthened with a significantly low
proportion of pending court cases, and a higher number of offenses being registered under
relevant IT/IP Acts. This implies a strong law and order system, which is accessible to businesses
and society and has been used to resolve conflicts. However, a low score in the number of cyber-
crime police stations is troubling, especially with the increasing number of cyber-security attacks
that could potentially threaten the financial security of businesses.
The highest performing states such as Chandigarh, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Puducherry have
performed consistently well across these indicators. Sikkim secured the top position in indicators
such as the highest proportion of cyber-crime police stations, and lowest pendency of court cases.
This further evidences Sikkim as the only positive outlier in the pillar performance.
The performance of the lowest-scoring states, namely Karnataka, Bihar, West Bengal, and
Gujarat, with Uttar Pradesh at the bottom of the score table, cannot be attributed to any single
indicator. In the offenses under IT/IP related acts, Bihar has tied for the top position with the
lowest proportion of such offenses, which can be accrued to low reporting of such cases. Bihar
has, however, scored significantly less in this pillar, attributed to its lowest number of cyber-crime
police stations, and a high proportion of pending court cases.
Figure 17:
Indicator scores under Safety and Legal Environment
Pendency of court Cases
Cyber-crime police stations
IT/IP related acts
200604080 100
73.60
14.41
86.11 80India Innovation Index 2020
Karnataka, on the other hand, has tied for the top position in the number of cyber-crime police
stations. Despite this good performance, Karnataka also has one of the highest proportion of
offenses under IT/IP related Acts, and pending court cases. While the number of offenses can
be justified through higher reporting of such offenses (-9.1), the high pendency of court cases
is a matter of concern and can be a sign of reluctance in seeking legal relief because of its time-
consuming nature. The latter can be a detrimental factor in the innovation landscape.
Major top-performing states, such as Maharashtra, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Telangana do
not feature among the top in this pillar, which is a concern from an investment and business
standpoint. Traditional industrial hubs such as Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal occupy the
last positions in this pillar, which is also a matter of great concern.
In comparison to the 2019 India Innovation Index, the more economically developed regions have
scored below the national average in this pillar. Without a strong safety and legal environment,
which specifically focuses on deterring cyber crime, many emerging businesses and industries will
be discouraged from completely utilizing the resources available in the innovation landscape.
The safety and legal
environment of the
country has been
strengthened with
a significantly low
proportion of pending
court cases, and higher
number of offenses
being registered under
relevant IT/IP Acts. 81India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Output
Performance
Figure 18:
Regional mapping of Knowledge Output scores
Highest scoring states: Delhi, Chandigarh, Daman and Diu, Maharashtra, Telangana
Lowest scoring states: Sikkim, Nagaland, Lakshadweep, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh
Average pillar score: 18.3 82India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Output is one of the two performance pillars having the widest difference between
the highest-scoring state, Delhi (82.82) and the lowest-scoring state, Sikkim (2.31). This pillar also
observes three positive outliers, with union territories such as Delhi, Chandigarh, and Daman
and Diu securing the top positions. While the national average of this pillar stands at 18.23, the
majority of the states fall below this threshold. The north-eastern states, eastern states, and the
heartland region have scored the lowest in Knowledge Output. A comparatively higher score can
be observed in the economically prosperous southern and western states such as Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu.
The following seven indicators determine the Knowledge Output score:
a) Grassroots Innovation
b) Number of Trademark Applications filed
c) Number of Patents applications filed
d) Number of Industrial Design Applications filed
e) Number of Publications
f) Number of Start-ups in the State
g) Number of New Business Registrations
The Knowledge Output in the country can be mainly attributed to new business registrations,
start-ups, publications, and grassroots innovation. This development is an outcome of several
business-friendly policies that have encouraged many to undertake new ventures. The number of
publications is the highest contributing indicator to the pillar score and is indicative of research-
based activities in the domain. However, a significantly low score in the number of industrial-
design applications filed, and trademark applications imply a slow conversion of this research into
industrial products and processes that can be used in practice.
Figure 19:
Indicator scores under Knowledge Output
Number of business Registration
Start-ups in the state
Publications
Industrial-design application filed
Patent application filed
Trademark applications filed
Grassroots Innovation
200604080 100
25.42
23.69
29.44
20.30
9.91
4.55
22.93 83India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi has scored the highest in almost all indicators, with the highest numbers in trademark
applications, patent applications, start-ups, and new businesses registered in the last financial
year. This high score can be accrued to Delhi’s position as the national capital and administration
hub, which allows for the majority of patents and trademarks to be filed.
The other Major States that have also performed well include Chandigarh, Daman and Diu,
Maharashtra, and Telangana. Much of the high scores attained by these states can be attributed
to the good performance across all indicators, barring grassroots innovation. Daman and Diu
has also secured the highest score in the number of industrial design applications filed. This
performance is consistent with the states being major industrial hubs.
NE and Hill States such as Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Nagaland, have performed exceptionally
well in grassroots innovation and have secured the top scores, offering a contradictory trend
as they have not fared well when it comes to research and development expenditure and in
other indicators. With a low frequency of trademark and patent applications, industrial design
applications, start-ups, and new businesses, these states have secured a significantly low score in
Knowledge Output.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands have scored the highest in grassroots innovation and performed
well with new start-ups in the state. However, along with Lakshadweep islands, the states
are negative outliers, having scored the lowest in trademark applications, industrial design
applications and publications.
The knowledge
output in the
country can be
mainly attributed
to new business
registrations, start-
ups, publications
and grassroots
innovation. 84India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Diffusion
Figure 20:
Regional mapping of Knowledge Diffusion scores
Highest scoring states: Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh
Lowest scoring states: Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tripura,
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim
Average pillar score: 17.6 85India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Diffusion reflects a state’s ability to apply knowledge to increase the value-added
components of products and services and in general its aspiration toward an innovation-driven
economy. The pillar also indicates the extent to which a state’s economy has evolved from a
resource-driven to an innovation-driven one. The majority of Indian states, concentrated mostly in
the north-eastern and central parts of the country lie below the national average of 17.6. The top-
scorers in this pillar are the Major States, with three positive outliers, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and
Maharashtra. The performance of other states such as Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal
closely follow suit.
The indicators used for this pillar include hi-tech manufacturing entities, ICT exports, geographical
indications registered, and citations.
Knowledge diffusion across the country has been affected by the low levels of ICT exports and
hi-tech manufacturing entities. It appears that the levels of ICT exports and hi-tech manufacturing
have not permeated uniformly in different regions of the country, beyond the IT hubs. On the
other hand, a much higher score in geographical indications registered implies widened access to
knowledge, especially in the MSME sector. Citations appear to be the highest-scoring indicator in
this pillar, wherein it is indicative of quality research output in higher educational institutions.
Karnataka is the top scorer in this pillar and has the highest score in two indicators with the
highest margin it has a score of 44 at geographical indications registered (whose national average
is 9.66); and a score of 13.54 at ICT Exports (wherein the national average is 1.14). Tamil Nadu and
Maharashtra have performed more consistently, with Tamil Nadu securing the top position in the
number of citations, followed by Maharashtra. Both states are among the top performers in GI
registrations and ICT exports.
Figure 21:
Indicator scores under Knowledge Diffusion
Citations
Hi-tech manufacturing entities
ICT Exports
Geographical indications
registered
200604080 100
29.71
9.25
8.46
21.96 86India Innovation Index 2020
The top performers in this pillar are dominated by Major States, with nine out of ten
representatives. Of these nine states, there are three positive outliers, namely, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, and Maharashtra. Karnataka has recorded the highest number of registered GIs and ICT
exports, while Tamil Nadu has the highest number of citations.
States such as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu have performed well in the High
and Medium Hi-tech Manufacturing Entities indicator, but have a much poor performance in ICT
exports, and citations, thus affecting its overall score.
The scores in this pillar strongly reflect the regional imbalances in the development narrative
of the country. The lowest scorers in all the indicators of this pillar are the north-eastern states,
Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, specifically in ICT exports and High and Medium
Hi-tech Manufacturing Entities. This shows the absence of an export ecosystem in the states at the
bottom, and thus resulting in them missing out on long-term potential economic gains.
Another troubling issue noticed in this pilar is the absence of citations in almost one-third of
all the states, with 12 states constituting the negative outliers. This reflects the poor quality of
research output across the country and reiterates the need for a conducive environment for
research and development to further the innovation landscape.
Knowledge diffusion
across the country has
been affected by the low
levels of ICT exports and
High and Medium Hi-tech
Manufacturing Entities. 87India Innovation Index 2020
Profiles
of States
07
INDIA INNOVATION INDEX 2020 88India Innovation Index 2020
Andaman &
Nicobar Islands 89India Innovation Index 2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
18.89
30.16
41.32
18.70
1.18
23.72
65.87
7.62
15.23
0
Efficiency RatioGSDP* Per Capita
0.25 ₹ 1,30,670
Rank
07
Category
UT / City State
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion
Scores
*Gross/Net State Domestic Product 90India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ANDA MAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 91India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
41.32
1.18
18.89
Enablers
Performance30.16
7.62
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 21.58
Enrolment in engineering and technology 15.31
Colleges connected through NMEICT 32.47
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above35.06
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 73.47
Schools with ICT labs18.66
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 88.92
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.6
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output15.23
Grassroot innovations100
Patent applications filed6.67
Trademark applications filed2.96
Presence of startups57.48
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered14.75
Publications0
Investment18.70
Expenditure on higher and technical education100
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment23.72
Ease of doing business ranking25
Online services transactions7.48
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres100
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion0
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 65.87
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts89.01
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases100 92India Innovation Index 2020
Andhra Pradesh 93India Innovation Index 2020
21.14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
24.19
33.14
47.43
4.10
20.86
30.06
63.24
15.25
9.35
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.46 ₹ 1,07,241
Rank
07
Category
Major State
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion
Scores 94India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRAD ESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ANDHR A PRADESH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Andhra Pradesh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 95India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
47.43
20.86
24.19
Enablers
Performance33.14
15.25
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 12.29
Enrolment in engineering and technology 64.44
Colleges connected through NMEICT 38.44
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above9.27
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs17.91
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 94.11
Knowledge-intensive employment12.63
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.68
Private R&D units35.86
State funded R&D units34.96
Innovation
Knowledge Output9.35
Grassroot innovations0.37
Patent applications filed8.26
Trademark applications filed2.22
Presence of startups7.5
Industrial Design applications filed 0.31
New businesses registered15.25
Publications32.04
Investment4.10
Expenditure on higher and technical education4.71
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)11.92
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.36
FDI inflow3.07
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment30.06
Ease of doing business ranking100
Online services transactions55.25
Internet subscribers20.19
Incubator centres1.28
Common facility centres4.13
Cluster Strength38.21
Knowledge Diffusion21.14
ICT exports0.83
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities8.25
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 43.18
Citations30.84
Safety and Legal Environment 63.24
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts89.01
Cyber crime police stations1.23
Pendency of court cases91.07 96India Innovation Index 2020
Arunachal Pradesh 97India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.08 ₹ 93,191
Rank
07
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14.90
27.46
35.08
33.66
7.77
2.78
58.02
2.35
4.07
0.62
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 98India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ARUNACHAL PRADESH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Arunachal Pradesh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 99India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
35.08
7.77
14.9
Enablers
Performance27.46
2.35
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 59.89
Enrolment in engineering and technology 13.01
Colleges connected through NMEICT 7.27
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above9.09
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 61.22
Schools with ICT labs16.54
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 82.46
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 30.39
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output4.07
Grassroot innovations91.11
Patent applications filed4.59
Trademark applications filed0.61
Presence of startups6.15
Industrial Design applications filed 0.18
New businesses registered5.53
Publications0
Investment33.66
Expenditure on higher and technical education71.75
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment100
FDI inflow0.32
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment2.78
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions0.02
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion0.62
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 58.02
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts91.21
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases74.26 100India Innovation Index 2020
Assam 101India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.65 ₹ 60,695
Rank
06
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
16.38
19.75
32.08
5.44 5.69
9.41
46.15
13.00
10.28
15.73
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 102India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAMASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ASSA M".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Assam
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 103India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
32.08
5.69
16.38
Enablers
Performance19.75
13.0
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 19.41
Enrolment in engineering and technology 3.65
Colleges connected through NMEICT 32.21
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above6.84
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 61.22
Schools with ICT labs5.72
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 94.57
Knowledge-intensive employment1.83
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 6.15
Private R&D units1.83
State funded R&D units13.59
Innovation
Knowledge Output10.28
Grassroot innovations9.26
Patent applications filed4.44
Trademark applications filed1.29
Presence of startups12.09
Industrial Design applications filed 0.05
New businesses registered13.2
Publications45.69
Investment5.44
Expenditure on higher and technical education0.08
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)20.41
Expenditure on science, technology and environment3.82
FDI inflow0.2
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment9.41
Ease of doing business ranking32.14
Online services transactions2.94
Internet subscribers6.21
Incubator centres0.68
Common facility centres5.77
Cluster Strength21.95
Knowledge Diffusion15.73
ICT exports0.07
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 15.91
Citations45.71
Safety and Legal Environment 46.15
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts43.96
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases89.93 104India Innovation Index 2020
Bihar 105India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.0 ₹ 28,668
Rank
17
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14.48 14.43
20.98
2.49
3.51
5.17
40.02
14.53 13.41
15.65
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 106India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHARBIHAR
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "BIHAR".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Bihar
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 107India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
20.98
3.51
14.48
Enablers
Performance14.43
14.53
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 3.96
Enrolment in engineering and technology 4.15
Colleges connected through NMEICT 45.71
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.68
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 0
Schools with ICT labs10.7
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 78.77
Knowledge-intensive employment1.95
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.54
Private R&D units0.17
State funded R&D units7.37
Innovation
Knowledge Output13.41
Grassroot innovations11.48
Patent applications filed0.6
Trademark applications filed1.17
Presence of startups12.92
Industrial Design applications filed 0.02
New businesses registered35.15
Publications36.15
Investment2.49
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.22
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.15
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow0.37
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment5.17
Ease of doing business ranking10.71
Online services transactions1.32
Internet subscribers0
Incubator centres0.32
Common facility centres2.03
Cluster Strength22.76
Knowledge Diffusion15.66
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.17
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 29.55
Citations30.4
Safety and Legal Environment 40.02
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations0.59
Pendency of court cases10.64 108India Innovation Index 2020
Chandigarh 109India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.85 ₹ 2,34,998
Rank
02
Category
UT / City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
90
80
100
38.57
41.52
74.82
6.62
30.04
10.03
86.11
35.62
55.10
16.14
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 110India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "CHA NDIGARH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Chandigarh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 111India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
74.82
30.04
38.57
Enablers
Performance41.52
35.62
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 100
Enrolment in engineering and technology 25.81
Colleges connected through NMEICT 72.73
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above100
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 67.35
Schools with ICT labs65.8
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 95.81
Knowledge-intensive employment29.65
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.66
Private R&D units100
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output55.1
Grassroot innovations11.11
Patent applications filed91.44
Trademark applications filed62.94
Presence of startups65.82
Industrial Design applications filed 4.7
New businesses registered61.31
Publications34.78
Investment6.62
Expenditure on higher and technical education37.97
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow2.36
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment10.03
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions13.87
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres12.02
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength15.45
Knowledge Diffusion16.14
ICT exports15.82
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations45.42
Safety and Legal Environment 86.11
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts97.8
Cyber crime police stations57.85
Pendency of court cases98.86 112India Innovation Index 2020
Chhattisgarh 113India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.22 ₹ 69,500
Rank
16
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
15.77
25.76
35.77
6.15
4.28
15.17
67.46
5.78 6.0 5.55
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 114India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
CHHATTISGARHCHHATTISGARHCHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "CHHATTI SGARH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Chhattisgarh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 115India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
35.77
4.28
15.77
Enablers
Performance25.76
5.78
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 7.07
Enrolment in engineering and technology 13.67
Colleges connected through NMEICT 47.27
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.45
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 67.35
Schools with ICT labs33.58
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 80.84
Knowledge-intensive employment4.3
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.7
Private R&D units1.72
State funded R&D units7.11
Innovation
Knowledge Output6.0
Grassroot innovations11.85
Patent applications filed2.09
Trademark applications filed2.41
Presence of startups14.83
Industrial Design applications filed 0.2
New businesses registered12.49
Publications0
Investment6.15
Expenditure on higher and technical education17.57
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)12.77
Expenditure on science, technology and environment2.04
FDI inflow0
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment15.17
Ease of doing business ranking82.14
Online services transactions18.36
Internet subscribers7.49
Incubator centres1.32
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength17.07
Knowledge Diffusion5.55
ICT exports2.13
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities6.85
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 13.64
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 67.46
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts96.7
Cyber crime police stations2.39
Pendency of court cases94.29 116India Innovation Index 2020
Dadra and
Nagar Haveli 117India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency Ratio
0.70
Rank
06
Category
UT / City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.74
26.63
32.13
7.91
13.11 13.47
66.52
18.86 19.96
17.76
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 118India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELIDADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 119India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
32.13
13.11
22.74
Enablers
Performance26.63
18.86
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology 9.12
Colleges connected through NMEICT 0
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 65.31
Schools with ICT labs83.46
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 74.48
Knowledge-intensive employment8.46
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0
Private R&D units51.18
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output19.96
Grassroot innovations19.9
Patent applications filed7.39
Trademark applications filed4.91
Presence of startups65.21
Industrial Design applications filed 5.78
New businesses registered29.01
Publications0
Investment7.91
Expenditure on higher and technical education39.24
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow7.93
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment13.47
Ease of doing business ranking21.43
Online services transactions34.24
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength15.45
Knowledge Diffusion17.76
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities100
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 66.52
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases90.07 120India Innovation Index 2020
Daman and Diu 121India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency Ratio
1.00
Rank
03
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
26.76 26.63
42.27
3.42
9.81
14.90
62.75
26.89
43.48
10.31
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 122India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIUDAMAN & DIU
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "DAMAN & DIU".
Country Best
Daman and Diu
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 123India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
42.27
9.81
26.76
Enablers
Performance26.63
26.89
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology 21.18
Colleges connected through NMEICT 77.92
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 95.92
Schools with ICT labs21.14
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 79.54
Knowledge-intensive employment16.98
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.6
Private R&D units18.08
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output43.48
Grassroot innovations13.43
Patent applications filed10.44
Trademark applications filed16.59
Presence of startups94.63
Industrial Design applications filed 100
New businesses registered34.37
Publications0
Investment3.42
Expenditure on higher and technical education5.79
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.9
Ease of doing business ranking39.29
Online services transactions33.87
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength14.63
Knowledge Diffusion10.31
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities56.52
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 62.75
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases78.86 124India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi 125India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.32 ₹ 2,69,505
Rank
01
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
46.60
40.08
49.81
19.72
28.35
39.72
62.80
53.12
82.83
23.42
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 126India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "DELHI".
Enablers
Country Best
Delhi
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 127India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
49.81
28.35
46.6
Enablers
Performance40.08
53.12
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 68.72
Enrolment in engineering and technology 10.41
Colleges connected through NMEICT 42.34
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above62.01
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 18.37
Schools with ICT labs50
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 100
Knowledge-intensive employment13.23
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 24.89
Private R&D units87.23
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output82.83
Grassroot innovations5.56
Patent applications filed100
Trademark applications filed100
Presence of startups100
Industrial Design applications filed 22.75
New businesses registered100
Publications59.98
Investment19.72
Expenditure on higher and technical education12.85
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.17
FDI inflow70.43
Venture capital deals18.39
Business Environment39.72
Ease of doing business ranking60.71
Online services transactions13.81
Internet subscribers100
Incubator centres14.11
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength47.15
Knowledge Diffusion23.42
ICT exports2.08
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities40.09
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations61.51
Safety and Legal Environment 62.8
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts85.71
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases94.43 128India Innovation Index 2020
Goa 129India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.25 ₹ 3,68,685
Rank
05
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
24.92
39.76
55.84
13.43
33.52
36.90
59.09
10.09
18.39
1.79
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 130India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "GOA".
Enablers
Country Best
Goa
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 131India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
55.84
33.52
24.92
Enablers
Performance39.76
10.09
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 24.88
Enrolment in engineering and technology 35.82
Colleges connected through NMEICT 22.86
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above48.21
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 91.84
Schools with ICT labs71.39
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 94.95
Knowledge-intensive employment51.05
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.8
Private R&D units69.35
State funded R&D units13.84
Innovation
Knowledge Output18.39
Grassroot innovations4.81
Patent applications filed38.31
Trademark applications filed14.43
Presence of startups22.1
Industrial Design applications filed 0.85
New businesses registered26.76
Publications0
Investment13.43
Expenditure on higher and technical education38.36
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment25.14
FDI inflow8.66
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment36.9
Ease of doing business ranking17.86
Online services transactions8.81
Internet subscribers25.73
Incubator centres20.29
Common facility centres100
Cluster Strength36.59
Knowledge Diffusion1.79
ICT exports0.98
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.06
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 59.09
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts82.42
Cyber crime police stations41.86
Pendency of court cases49.36 132India Innovation Index 2020
Gujarat 133India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.61 ₹ 1,53,495
Rank
08
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
23.63
29.28
44.97
10.81
21.16
26.87
42.59
17.98 17.07
18.90
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 134India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "GUJARAT".
Enablers
Country Best
Gujarat
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 135India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
44.97
21.16
23.63
Enablers
Performance29.28
17.98
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 12
Enrolment in engineering and technology 25.53
Colleges connected through NMEICT 68.83
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.34
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 71.43
Schools with ICT labs58.21
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.53
Knowledge-intensive employment18.77
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.33
Private R&D units25.98
State funded R&D units38.42
Innovation
Knowledge Output17.07
Grassroot innovations28.89
Patent applications filed18.24
Trademark applications filed14.97
Presence of startups17.01
Industrial Design applications filed 4.89
New businesses registered21.75
Publications27.84
Investment10.81
Expenditure on higher and technical education3.43
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)9.53
Expenditure on science, technology and environment15.35
FDI inflow21.13
Venture capital deals3.25
Business Environment26.87
Ease of doing business ranking67.86
Online services transactions34.06
Internet subscribers19.97
Incubator centres2.24
Common facility centres4.22
Cluster Strength59.35
Knowledge Diffusion18.9
ICT exports1.67
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.06
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 36.36
Citations30.61
Safety and Legal Environment 42.59
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts92.31
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases27.14 136India Innovation Index 2020
Haryana 137India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.58 ₹ 1,69,409
Rank
06
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
25.81
32.59
47.22
16.49
15.57
18.96
64.69
19.03
22.85
15.22
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 138India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "HAR YANA".
Enablers
Country Best
Haryana
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 139India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
47.22
15.57
25.81
Enablers
Performance32.59
19.03
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 18.6
Enrolment in engineering and technology 35.17
Colleges connected through NMEICT 69.87
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above5.07
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 71.43
Schools with ICT labs52.49
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.53
Knowledge-intensive employment11.66
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.28
Private R&D units37.99
State funded R&D units14.34
Innovation
Knowledge Output22.85
Grassroot innovations24.81
Patent applications filed26.05
Trademark applications filed19.78
Presence of startups32.31
Industrial Design applications filed 4.02
New businesses registered40.97
Publications0
Investment16.49
Expenditure on higher and technical education14.79
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)8.8
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.89
FDI inflow15.15
Venture capital deals43.62
Business Environment18.96
Ease of doing business ranking46.43
Online services transactions14.77
Internet subscribers16.63
Incubator centres2.84
Common facility centres14.43
Cluster Strength34.15
Knowledge Diffusion15.22
ICT exports30.84
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities26.34
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 64.69
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts82.42
Cyber crime police stations4.82
Pendency of court cases99.29 140India Innovation Index 2020
Himachal Pradesh 141India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.38 ₹ 1,39,469
Rank
01
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
25.06
36.28
44.58
10.49
36.86
22.91
66.54
13.85 14.39 13.31
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 142India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESHHIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRAD ESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "HIMACHAL PRADESH".
Enablers
Country Best
Himachal Pradesh
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 143India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
44.58
36.86
25.06
Enablers
Performance36.28
13.85
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 34.2
Enrolment in engineering and technology 18.56
Colleges connected through NMEICT 52.73
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.29
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs62.69
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.15
Knowledge-intensive employment37.29
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.08
Private R&D units5.13
State funded R&D units100
Innovation
Knowledge Output14.39
Grassroot innovations15.93
Patent applications filed35.7
Trademark applications filed4.9
Presence of startups7.98
Industrial Design applications filed 2.39
New businesses registered12.07
Publications33.92
Investment10.49
Expenditure on higher and technical education38.65
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)17.61
Expenditure on science, technology and environment 0.29
FDI inflow1.18
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment22.91
Ease of doing business ranking78.57
Online services transactions20.61
Internet subscribers29.75
Incubator centres1.23
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength34.96
Knowledge Diffusion13.31
ICT exports0.05
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities1.61
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 20.45
Citations29.88
Safety and Legal Environment 66.54
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts87.91
Cyber crime police stations8.89
Pendency of court cases95.21 144India Innovation Index 2020
Jammu & Kashmir 145India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.38 ₹ 65,178
Rank
08
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
18.62
26.83
31.04
12.99
16.84
9.99
63.31
10.41
8.90
11.93
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 146India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "JAMMU & KASHMIR".
Enablers
Country Best
Jammu & Kashmir
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 147India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
31.04
16.84
18.62
Enablers
Performance26.83
10.41
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 26.22
Enrolment in engineering and technology 9.5
Colleges connected through NMEICT 38.7
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 53.06
Schools with ICT labs22.89
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 70.64
Knowledge-intensive employment12.26
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 9.71
Private R&D units0.35
State funded R&D units45.08
Innovation
Knowledge Output8.9
Grassroot innovations27.04
Patent applications filed4.05
Trademark applications filed2.9
Presence of startups14.85
Industrial Design applications filed 0.06
New businesses registered13.72
Publications21.19
Investment12.99
Expenditure on higher and technical education19.44
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)32.12
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.9
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment9.99
Ease of doing business ranking28.57
Online services transactions0.73
Internet subscribers15.13
Incubator centres1.01
Common facility centres9.87
Cluster Strength12.2
Knowledge Diffusion11.93
ICT exports0.03
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 20.45
Citations25.48
Safety and Legal Environment 63.31
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts94.51
Cyber crime police stations9.74
Pendency of court cases77.71 148India Innovation Index 2020
Jharkhand 149India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.51 ₹ 54,982
Rank
15
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
17.12
22.63 23.16
26.05
2.77
11.63
49.54
11.60 12.60
10.61
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 150India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHANDJHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "JHARKHAND".
Enablers
Country Best
Jharkhand
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 151India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
23.16
2.77
17.12
Enablers
Performance22.63
11.6
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 10.79
Enrolment in engineering and technology 8.35
Colleges connected through NMEICT 37.92
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.63
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 2.04
Schools with ICT labs20.9
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.19
Knowledge-intensive employment3.86
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.13
Private R&D units1.07
State funded R&D units2.45
Innovation
Knowledge Output12.6
Grassroot innovations12.59
Patent applications filed6.2
Trademark applications filed1.19
Presence of startups14.82
Industrial Design applications filed 0.13
New businesses registered20.72
Publications45.71
Investment26.05
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.95
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.73
Expenditure on science, technology and environment17.02
FDI inflow100
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment11.63
Ease of doing business ranking85.71
Online services transactions1.31
Internet subscribers0
Incubator centres0.64
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength22.76
Knowledge Diffusion10.61
ICT exports0.02
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities1.41
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations41.67
Safety and Legal Environment 49.54
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts79.12
Cyber crime police stations12.96
Pendency of court cases50.43 152India Innovation Index 2020
Karnataka 153India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.44 ₹ 1,53,276
Rank
01
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
42.50
34.81
54.27
33.01
22.58
24.43
39.75
50.19
28.13
72.26
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 154India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "KARNATAKA".
Enablers
Country Best
Karnataka
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 155India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
54.27
22.58
42.5
Enablers
Performance34.81
50.19
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 26.69
Enrolment in engineering and technology 40.52
Colleges connected through NMEICT 81.82
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above10.33
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 93.88
Schools with ICT labs28.86
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 97.56
Knowledge-intensive employment15.29
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.95
Private R&D units30.95
State funded R&D units43.95
Innovation
Knowledge Output28.13
Grassroot innovations1.11
Patent applications filed45.42
Trademark applications filed9.09
Presence of startups37.78
Industrial Design applications filed 1.78
New businesses registered36.46
Publications51.06
Investment33.01
Expenditure on higher and technical education4.82
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.81
Expenditure on science, technology and environment12.57
FDI inflow42.7
Venture capital deals100
Business Environment24.43
Ease of doing business ranking42.86
Online services transactions6.08
Internet subscribers22.46
Incubator centres4.29
Common facility centres18.26
Cluster Strength66.67
Knowledge Diffusion72.26
ICT exports100
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities9.12
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 100
Citations51.03
Safety and Legal Environment 39.75
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts0
Cyber crime police stations42.97
Pendency of court cases79.79 156India Innovation Index 2020
Kerala 157India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.65 ₹ 1,48,078
Rank
05
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
30.58
36.97
59.72
9.18
15.34
37.12
63.46
24.20
17.86
30.54
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 158India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "KERALA".
Enablers
Country Best
Kerala
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 159India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
59.72
15.34
30.58
Enablers
Performance36.97
24.2
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 24.53
Enrolment in engineering and technology 40.18
Colleges connected through NMEICT 85.97
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above18.13
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs77.24
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 89.91
Knowledge-intensive employment7.98
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.81
Private R&D units9.61
State funded R&D units44.72
Innovation
Knowledge Output17.86
Grassroot innovations11.48
Patent applications filed10.53
Trademark applications filed9.11
Presence of startups19.56
Industrial Design applications filed 0.98
New businesses registered32.74
Publications41.39
Investment9.18
Expenditure on higher and technical education7.39
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)3.59
Expenditure on science, technology and environment13.06
FDI inflow2.06
Venture capital deals19.47
Business Environment37.12
Ease of doing business ranking3.57
Online services transactions100
Internet subscribers25.91
Incubator centres3.54
Common facility centres32.37
Cluster Strength44.72
Knowledge Diffusion30.54
ICT exports4.35
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.11
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 68.18
Citations42.44
Safety and Legal Environment 63.46
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts86.81
Cyber crime police stations1.83
Pendency of court cases93.57 160India Innovation Index 2020
Lakshadweep 161India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency Ratio
0.07
Rank
09
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
11.71
21.70
38.27
5.53
0
15.47
49.25
1.71
3.43
0
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 162India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "LAKSHADWEEP".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Lakshadweep 163India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
38.27
0
11.71
Enablers 21.7
1.71
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology 0
Colleges connected through NMEICT 0
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 100
Schools with ICT labs100
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 78.7
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output3.43
Grassroot innovations7.04
Patent applications filed0
Trademark applications filed0
Presence of startups1.57
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered14.92
Publications0
Investment5.53
Expenditure on higher and technical education18.85
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment15.47
Ease of doing business ranking50
Online services transactions44.61
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion0
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 49.25
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts67.03
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases74.26
Performance 164India Innovation Index 2020
Madhya Pradesh 165India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.63 ₹ 56,498
Rank
13
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
20.82
25.40
32.70
7.47
8.36
14.79
63.66
16.25
13.74
18.75
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 166India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MADHYA PRADESH".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Madhya Pradesh 167India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
32.7
8.36
20.82
Enablers 25.4
16.24
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 6.91
Enrolment in engineering and technology 19.03
Colleges connected through NMEICT 46.49
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above3.64
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 57.14
Schools with ICT labs15.17
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 78.96
Knowledge-intensive employment11.71
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.79
Private R&D units3.15
State funded R&D units11.4
Innovation
Knowledge Output13.74
Grassroot innovations2.59
Patent applications filed3.41
Trademark applications filed3.79
Presence of startups23.23
Industrial Design applications filed 0.21
New businesses registered20.57
Publications43.88
Investment7.47
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.58
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)12.29
Expenditure on science, technology and environment11.94
FDI inflow2.86
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.79
Ease of doing business ranking89.29
Online services transactions5.8
Internet subscribers7.49
Incubator centres1.51
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength24.39
Knowledge Diffusion18.75
ICT exports0.87
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.09
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 25
Citations43.37
Safety and Legal Environment 63.66
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts93.41
Cyber crime police stations0.84
Pendency of court cases87.93
Performance 168India Innovation Index 2020
Maharashtra 169India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.19 ₹ 1,47,450
Rank
02
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
38.03
34.71
46.43
13.04
22.81
29.26
62.01
41.35
34.57
48.12
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 170India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MAHARASHTR A".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Maharashtra 171India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
46.43
22.81
38.03
Enablers 34.71
41.35
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 9.6
Enrolment in engineering and technology 29.02
Colleges connected through NMEICT 64.42
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above18.97
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs47.51
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 86.39
Knowledge-intensive employment21.01
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 10.2
Private R&D units45.59
State funded R&D units18.87
Innovation
Knowledge Output34.57
Grassroot innovations0
Patent applications filed48.11
Trademark applications filed18.03
Presence of startups32.97
Industrial Design applications filed 4.85
New businesses registered50.11
Publications68.17
Investment13.04
Expenditure on higher and technical education0.08
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)1.48
Expenditure on science, technology and environment4.57
FDI inflow34.85
Venture capital deals24.51
Business Environment29.26
Ease of doing business ranking57.14
Online services transactions3.88
Internet subscribers25.73
Incubator centres2.14
Common facility centres19.05
Cluster Strength88.62
Knowledge Diffusion48.12
ICT exports27.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities12.32
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 75
Citations69.32
Safety and Legal Environment 62.01
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts93.41
Cyber crime police stations23.36
Pendency of court cases62.79
Performance 172India Innovation Index 2020
Manipur 173India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.22 ₹ 51,180
Rank
03
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.78
37.32
40.01 41.18
29.87
4.04
71.52
8.23
13.97
2.48
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 174India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MANIPUR".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Manipur 175India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
40.01
29.87
22.78
Enablers 37.32
8.23
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 46.7
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2.7
Colleges connected through NMEICT 45.71
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.85
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 79.59
Schools with ICT labs24.75
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 84.59
Knowledge-intensive employment0.19
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 100
Private R&D units4.62
State funded R&D units14.14
Innovation
Knowledge Output13.97
Grassroot innovations77.78
Patent applications filed3.11
Trademark applications filed0.79
Presence of startups25.99
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered39.53
Publications0
Investment41.18
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.4
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)100
Expenditure on science, technology and environment73.7
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.04
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions0
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength8.13
Knowledge Diffusion2.48
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 9.09
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 71.52
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations21.38
Pendency of court cases85.79
Performance 176India Innovation Index 2020
Meghalaya 177India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.26 ₹ 66,223
Rank
10
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
12.15
19.23
30.73
3.93
10.92
4.33
46.26
5.07 4.35
5.79
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 178India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYAMEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MEGHALAYA".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Meghalaya 179India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
30.73
10.92
12.15
Enablers 19.23
5.07
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 47.64
Enrolment in engineering and technology 3.05
Colleges connected through NMEICT 20.26
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above11.69
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 71.43
Schools with ICT labs1.87
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 61.86
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 2.95
Private R&D units2.96
State funded R&D units40.83
Innovation
Knowledge Output4.35
Grassroot innovations55.56
Patent applications filed2.57
Trademark applications filed0.72
Presence of startups1.64
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered5.51
Publications17.83
Investment3.93
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.09
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.94
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.8
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.33
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions0.22
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength9.76
Knowledge Diffusion5.79
ICT exports0.25
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations18
Safety and Legal Environment 46.26
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts76.92
Cyber crime police stations20.58
Pendency of court cases36.21
Performance 180India Innovation Index 2020
Mizoram 181India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.21 ₹ 1,07,853
Rank
05
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
16.93
27.79
42.62
10.00
1.02
4.57
80.73
6.08
8.02
4.13
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 182India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MIZORAM".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Mizoram 183India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
42.62
1.02
16.93
Enablers 27.79
6.08
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 87.48
Enrolment in engineering and technology 3.86
Colleges connected through NMEICT 16.36
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above16.93
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs0
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 91.27
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.99
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output8.02
Grassroot innovations66.3
Patent applications filed28.93
Trademark applications filed0.4
Presence of startups1.12
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered5.19
Publications13.26
Investment10.00
Expenditure on higher and technical education7.57
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment28.69
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.57
Ease of doing business ranking14.29
Online services transactions2.88
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion4.13
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations14.12
Safety and Legal Environment 80.73
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts94.51
Cyber crime police stations55.65
Pendency of court cases88.36
Performance 184India Innovation Index 2020
Nagaland 185India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.08 ₹ 73,276
Rank
08
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14.11
26.11
36.01
6.76
6.58
4.36
76.86
2.11 2.36 1.86
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 186India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
NAGALANDNAGALANDNAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALANDNAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALAND
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "NAG ALAND".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Nagaland 187India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
36.01
6.58
14.11
Enablers 26.11
2.11
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 30.48
Enrolment in engineering and technology 5.32
Colleges connected through NMEICT 31.43
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above15.1
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 85.71
Schools with ICT labs13.81
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 71.6
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 14.61
Private R&D units2.22
State funded R&D units10.2
Innovation
Knowledge Output2.36
Grassroot innovations45.19
Patent applications filed3.21
Trademark applications filed0.46
Presence of startups7.52
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered0.08
Publications0
Investment6.76
Expenditure on higher and technical education3.85
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment16.67
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.36
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions1.2
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres2.14
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength6.5
Knowledge Diffusion1.86
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 6.82
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 76.86
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts98.9
Cyber crime police stations30.86
Pendency of court cases94.36
Performance 188India Innovation Index 2020
Odisha 189India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.80 ₹ 76,417
Rank
14
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
18.94
20.93
42.10
3.24
5.66
8.94
44.71
16.94
10.82
23.06
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 190India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ODI SHA".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Odisha 191India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
42.1
5.66
18.94
Enablers 20.93
16.94
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 10.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 26.99
Colleges connected through NMEICT 54.81
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above4.59
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs40.55
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 88.7
Knowledge-intensive employment1.54
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.36
Private R&D units3.25
State funded R&D units13.47
Innovation
Knowledge Output10.82
Grassroot innovations24.44
Patent applications filed4.96
Trademark applications filed1.29
Presence of startups9.37
Industrial Design applications filed 0.23
New businesses registered17.57
Publications43.58
Investment3.24
Expenditure on higher and technical education4.25
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.42
Expenditure on science, technology and environment5.84
FDI inflow0.33
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment8.94
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions5.94
Internet subscribers7.89
Incubator centres2.22
Common facility centres10.58
Cluster Strength24.39
Knowledge Diffusion23.06
ICT exports4.84
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities2.65
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 36.36
Citations45.01
Safety and Legal Environment 44.71
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts94.51
Cyber crime police stations5.82
Pendency of court cases25.86
Performance 192India Innovation Index 2020
Puducherry 193India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.44 ₹ 1,42,583
Rank
04
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
25.23
34.83
72.39
1.43
20.17
8.18
71.97
15.63
19.21
12.05
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 194India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "PUDUCHE RRY".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Puducherry 195India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
72.39
20.17
25.23
Enablers 34.83
15.63
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 78.78
Enrolment in engineering and technology 96.55
Colleges connected through NMEICT 87.79
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above11.69
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 97.96
Schools with ICT labs54.73
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 82.87
Knowledge-intensive employment21.04
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 8.42
Private R&D units56.38
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output19.21
Grassroot innovations5.19
Patent applications filed55.97
Trademark applications filed6.34
Presence of startups12.8
Industrial Design applications filed 0.2
New businesses registered18.78
Publications29.66
Investment1.43
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.87
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment4.95
FDI inflow0.22
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment8.18
Ease of doing business ranking7.14
Online services transactions8.68
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres3.39
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength14.63
Knowledge Diffusion12.05
ICT exports7.64
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.18
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations30.49
Safety and Legal Environment 71.97
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts89.01
Cyber crime police stations48.93
Pendency of court cases74.26
Performance 196India Innovation Index 2020
Punjab 197India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.50 ₹ 1,15,882
Rank
10
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.54
30.03
53.09
5.10
9.86
14.20
67.91
15.05
16.65
13.46
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 198India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "PUDUCHE RRY".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Punjab 199India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
53.09
9.86
22.54
Enablers 30.03
15.05
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 40.19
Enrolment in engineering and technology 35
Colleges connected through NMEICT 57.66
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above14.15
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs57.21
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 85.02
Knowledge-intensive employment10.48
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.55
Private R&D units10.62
State funded R&D units17.47
Innovation
Knowledge Output16.65
Grassroot innovations3.7
Patent applications filed30.21
Trademark applications filed13.7
Presence of startups7.69
Industrial Design applications filed 2.25
New businesses registered14.85
Publications43.94
Investment5.10
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.83
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)18.72
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.67
FDI inflow2.47
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.2
Ease of doing business ranking35.71
Online services transactions6.28
Internet subscribers30.81
Incubator centres1.68
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength17.89
Knowledge Diffusion13.46
ICT exports0.78
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities2.39
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations46.53
Safety and Legal Environment 67.91
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts92.31
Cyber crime police stations4.4
Pendency of court cases98.57
Performance 200India Innovation Index 2020
Rajasthan 201India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.62 ₹ 78,570
Rank
12
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
20.83
25.70
41.65
5.00
8.25
17.21
56.40
15.96
12.85
19.07
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 202India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "RAJASTHAN".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Rajasthan
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 203India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
41.65
8.25
20.83
Enablers
Performance 25.7
15.96
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 18.67
Enrolment in engineering and technology 12.5
Colleges connected through NMEICT 56.36
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.27
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 65.31
Schools with ICT labs45.9
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 96.47
Knowledge-intensive employment9.48
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.72
Private R&D units5
State funded R&D units14.43
Innovation
Knowledge Output12.85
Grassroot innovations6.3
Patent applications filed5.65
Trademark applications filed5.66
Presence of startups14.92
Industrial Design applications filed 1.08
New businesses registered22.75
Publications34.72
Investment5.00
Expenditure on higher and technical education0
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.35
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.03
FDI inflow3.44
Venture capital deals15.62
Business Environment17.21
Ease of doing business ranking75
Online services transactions9.51
Internet subscribers13.86
Incubator centres1.6
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength34.96
Knowledge Diffusion19.07
ICT exports1.08
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities4.11
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 34.09
Citations35.06
Safety and Legal Environment 56.4
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts86.81
Cyber crime police stations1.78
Pendency of court cases72.57 204India Innovation Index 2020
Sikkim 205India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.04 ₹ 2,42,002
Rank
04
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
90
80
100
20.28
38.98
45.76
13.53
32.67
3.73
99.20
1.58 2.31 0.85
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 206India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
SIKKIM
SIKKIMSIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "SIKKIM".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Sikkim
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 207India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
45.76
32.67
20.28
Enablers
Performance38.98
1.58
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 80.11
Enrolment in engineering and technology 23.02
Colleges connected through NMEICT 48.83
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs24.13
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 83.74
Knowledge-intensive employment100
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 2.87
Private R&D units7.2
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output2.31
Grassroot innovations61.48
Patent applications filed8.32
Trademark applications filed1.38
Presence of startups0
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered0
Publications0
Investment13.53
Expenditure on higher and technical education43.61
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment18.13
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment3.73
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions2.52
Internet subscribers12.04
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength4.07
Knowledge Diffusion0.85
ICT exports0.76
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 99.2
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts97.8
Cyber crime police stations100
Pendency of court cases100 208India Innovation Index 2020
Tamil Nadu 209India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.07 ₹ 1,42,941
Rank
03
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
37.91
36.57
62.80
11.43
16.09
31.84
60.68
39.25
25.77
52.73
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 210India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "TAMIL NADU".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Tamil Nadu
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 211India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
62.8
16.09
37.91
Enablers
Performance36.57
39.25
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 43.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 100
Colleges connected through NMEICT 78.7
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above17.44
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 89.8
Schools with ICT labs20.65
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 82.04
Knowledge-intensive employment9.92
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.91
Private R&D units28.71
State funded R&D units26.31
Innovation
Knowledge Output25.77
Grassroot innovations5.93
Patent applications filed42.08
Trademark applications filed8.2
Presence of startups14.03
Industrial Design applications filed 2.16
New businesses registered23.47
Publications100
Investment11.43
Expenditure on higher and technical education20.56
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)7.7
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.48
FDI inflow10.1
Venture capital deals21.44
Business Environment31.84
Ease of doing business ranking53.57
Online services transactions14.9
Internet subscribers20.99
Incubator centres4.16
Common facility centres33.95
Cluster Strength81.3
Knowledge Diffusion52.73
ICT exports22.39
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities6.61
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 72.73
Citations100
Safety and Legal Environment 60.68
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts91.21
Cyber crime police stations5.92
Pendency of court cases76.86 212India Innovation Index 2020
Telangana 213India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.14 ₹ 1,43,618
Rank
04
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8033.23
30.10
45.90
7.90
16.22
26.16
58.81
35.47
28.22
42.71
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 214India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "TELANGANA".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Telangana
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 215India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 58.81
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts80.22
Cyber crime police stations3.47
Pendency of court cases85.36
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
45.9
16.22
33.23
Enablers
Performance 31
35.47
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 11.95
Enrolment in engineering and technology 62.83
Colleges connected through NMEICT 44.16
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above6.11
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs14.05
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 87.21
Knowledge-intensive employment21.49
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.86
Private R&D units13.5
State funded R&D units25.24
Innovation
Knowledge Output28.22
Grassroot innovations3.7
Patent applications filed37.71
Trademark applications filed9
Presence of startups30.11
Industrial Design applications filed 0.99
New businesses registered51.11
Publications47.49
Investment7.90
Expenditure on higher and technical education2.22
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)6.74
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.63
FDI inflow17.05
Venture capital deals12.85
Business Environment26.16
Ease of doing business ranking92.86
Online services transactions36.89
Internet subscribers20.19
Incubator centres5.53
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength38.21
Knowledge Diffusion42.71
ICT exports61.2
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities19.11
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 34.09
Citations45.65 216India Innovation Index 2020
Tripura 217India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.09 ₹ 82,632
Rank
09
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
12.84
23.37
40.02
2.29
6.22
4.09
64.22
2.32
4.01
0.62
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 218India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "TRIPURA".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Tripura
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 219India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 64.22
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts93.41
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases90.36
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
40.02
6.22
12.84
Enablers
Performance23.37
2.32
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 7.54
Enrolment in engineering and technology 5.93
Colleges connected through NMEICT 100
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above5.11
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 57.14
Schools with ICT labs33.58
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 75.28
Knowledge-intensive employment0.17
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 9.06
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units16.49
Innovation
Knowledge Output4.01
Grassroot innovations28.52
Patent applications filed3.11
Trademark applications filed0.59
Presence of startups6.18
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered9.97
Publications0
Investment2.29
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.27
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment3.55
FDI inflow0.02
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.09
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions2.07
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres1.15
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength4.88
Knowledge Diffusion0.62
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0 220India Innovation Index 2020
Uttarakhand 221India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.58 ₹ 1,55,151
Rank
02
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
23.50
29.68
41.89
7.01
22.62
14.83
62.04
17.31 18.04
16.58
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 222India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "UTTAR AKHAND".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Uttarakhand
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 223India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 62.04
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts84.62
Cyber crime police stations6.05
Pendency of court cases87.93
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
41.89
22.62
23.5
Enablers
Performance29.68
17.31
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 56.66
Enrolment in engineering and technology 31.17
Colleges connected through NMEICT 39.48
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.14
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs11.19
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 86.66
Knowledge-intensive employment25.63
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 9.21
Private R&D units10.46
State funded R&D units44.04
Innovation
Knowledge Output18.04
Grassroot innovations28.15
Patent applications filed19.51
Trademark applications filed7.65
Presence of startups15.61
Industrial Design applications filed 0.49
New businesses registered21.9
Publications59.95
Investment7.01
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.93
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)19.56
Expenditure on science, technology and environment4.11
FDI inflow0.68
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.83
Ease of doing business ranking64.29
Online services transactions5.67
Internet subscribers4.77
Incubator centres1.68
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength43.09
Knowledge Diffusion16.58
ICT exports0.5
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities4.26
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations58.17 224India Innovation Index 2020
Uttar Pradesh 225India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.76 ₹ 44,421
Rank
09
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.85
16.53
18.23
5.21
6.75
26.35 26.09
29.18
21.37
36.98
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 226India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESHUTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "UTTAR PRADESH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Uttar Pradesh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 227India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 26.09
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts71.43
Cyber crime police stations0.61
Pendency of court cases0
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
18.23
6.75
22.85
Enablers
Performance16.53
29.18
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 11.73
Enrolment in engineering and technology 13.13
Colleges connected through NMEICT 47.79
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.22
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 30.61
Schools with ICT labs28.48
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 0
Knowledge-intensive employment10.32
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 6.86
Private R&D units3.85
State funded R&D units4.55
Innovation
Knowledge Output21.37
Grassroot innovations1.11
Patent applications filed6.18
Trademark applications filed3.76
Presence of startups31.07
Industrial Design applications filed 0.57
New businesses registered40.23
Publications62.26
Investment5.21
Expenditure on higher and technical education3.22
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.32
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.81
FDI inflow2.63
Venture capital deals12.89
Business Environment26.35
Ease of doing business ranking96.43
Online services transactions3.51
Internet subscribers4.77
Incubator centres0.85
Common facility centres1.56
Cluster Strength100
Knowledge Diffusion36.98
ICT exports12.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities4.56
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 61.36
Citations63.34 228India Innovation Index 2020
West Bengal 229India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.37 ₹ 67,300
Rank
11
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
21.69
18.25
20.43
2.98
7.33
20.16
40.35
25.13
17.76
32.51
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 230India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "WEST BENGAL".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
West Bengal
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 231India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 40.35
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts95.6
Cyber crime police stations4.01
Pendency of court cases13.29
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
20.43
7.33
21.69
Enablers
Performance18.25
25.13
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 15.75
Enrolment in engineering and technology 10.26
Colleges connected through NMEICT 38.96
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above9.11
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 53.06
Schools with ICT labs19.65
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 0
Knowledge-intensive employment7.65
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.93
Private R&D units10.65
State funded R&D units5.53
Innovation
Knowledge Output17.76
Grassroot innovations1.85
Patent applications filed7.36
Trademark applications filed3.72
Presence of startups14.16
Industrial Design applications filed 2.02
New businesses registered32.59
Publications65.44
Investment2.98
Expenditure on higher and technical education0
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment3.89
FDI inflow5.19
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment20.16
Ease of doing business ranking71.43
Online services transactions15.69
Internet subscribers12.04
Incubator centres0.51
Common facility centres4.74
Cluster Strength47.15
Knowledge Diffusion32.51
ICT exports6.67
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities6.59
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 47.73
Citations65.52 232India Innovation Index 2020 233India Innovation Index 2020
The efficiency
of states can be
measured by dividing
Performance scores
with Enablers scores.
Efficiency of
Innovation
08 234India Innovation Index 2020
It is crucial to assess how efficiently the states use available
resources to obtain innovative solutions. The figure below maps
the efficiency of the states with respect to their innovation
scores, which is measured for each state by dividing its
Performance scores with Enablers scores. The states that score
an efficiency of less than 1 are those that have not been able to
attain a level of performance proportionate to the strength of
their enabling factors.
The states that score an
efficiency of less than
1 are those which have
not been able to attain
a level of performance
proportionate to the
strength of their enabling
factors.
The average efficiency ratio of all the states comes down to 0.62,
with 27 states achieving a ratio below 1. This implies that most of
the states have not been able to efficiently convert their enabling
factors into performance. At the top, Uttar Pradesh leads with an
efficiency ratio of 1.77, followed by Karnataka at 1.44, and West
Bengal at 1.38.
The efficiency of the states can also be measured with respect
to the country average scores by plotting Enablers scores
against Performance scores. Figure 23 has been divided into
four quadrants. The top right quadrant shows the states with
both higher Enablers score and Performance score than their
respective national averages, the top-left quadrant represents
states with higher Performance score but lower Enablers score
than their respective national averages, the bottom right
quadrant shows higher Enablers score but lower Performance
score than their respective national averages, and the bottom left
quadrant shows groups that are a cause for concern as they are
performing poorly on both parameters. Most of the states fall
under this quadrant.
Figure 22:
Efficiency in Innovation of Indian States 235India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 23:
Efficiency in the Innovation of Indian States
Compared with National Average
States like Delhi, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Chandigarh have attained scores well
above the average in both Enablers and Performance. Currently, there are only four states in the
top left quadrant, which implies that these states did not have strong enabling conditions but
were able to convert them to a level of performance that scored above the national average. The
states in the figure below are also color-graded based on their income per capita. Predictably, the
majority of the richest states have been able to provide the best enabling conditions for innovation.
The innovation efficiency ratio must always be analyzed jointly with innovation, Enablers and
Performance scores of the India Innovation Index. Higher ratios can also be attributed to low
Enablers scores. As a result, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have a higher ratio even though their
performance across input pillars has been weak. Both these states score above average in only the
Knowledge Diffusion pillar.
Another way to analyze efficiency is to divide the states into their innovation quartiles, where
states are categorized based on their innovation scores. This will allow a comparison of states
among their innovation peers. In Figure 24, the states have been divided into four tiers, with Tier
1 consisting of the most innovative states. A downward trend in efficiency can be observed in the
tiers, which means that most innovative states are those that are highly efficient on average in
converting enabling factors into performance. 236India Innovation Index 2020
Once again, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal emerge as exceptions. However, these states rely on
strong performance rather than strong enabling conditions. If these states are provisioned with the
latter, their overall innovation scores will improve significantly.
Figure 24:
Efficiency in Innovation of Indian States
Based on Innovation Tiers 237India Innovation Index 2020
A peek into how
regions have changed
their rankings since
the last edition of the
index.
Evolution of
States
09 238India Innovation Index 202M
A comparison of the current rankings with the previous ones can
help track the progress of states and serve as an incentive for
local governments to continue working toward improving the
level of innovation in their states.
Overall, Delhi has retained the top rank while Chandigarh made a
big leap from 2019’s ranking and landed the in second place this
year. Two other union territories, Daman and Diu and Puducherry,
have also made huge leaps in their respective rankings since last
year, and finished in the top 10 scorers. As the top ranker for both
years, Delhi managed to improve even further. Last year, Delhi’s
achievement was mainly driven by its Performance score while
its Enablers scores ranked significantly lower, but in the 2020
index, it ranked at the top in both the dimensions, thus achieving
a more balanced score. At the other end, Lakshadweep achieved
the lowest score among all the regions.
Daman and Diu is ranked third after Delhi and Chandigarh by
jumping three positions since last year, whereas last year’s third
rank-holder, Goa slipped to the 5th position. Goa also lost the
top rank in Enablers to Delhi. Jammu and Kashmir, which has
now been categorized as a union territory, secured an overall
26th rank among all states and finished second to last under its
respective category.
Among major states, Karnataka retained its top position, but
Maharashtra replaced Tamil Nadu in the second rank, while the
latter slipped to the third position owing to its comparatively
lower score in Performance. The scores of the rest of the major
states have also fluctuated slightly. Another change in this year’s
index is that Bihar replaced Jharkhand as the lowest ranking state.
Among the NE/Hill states, Himachal Pradesh moved up from
the second position to emerge as the top ranker this year, while
last year’s top performer, Sikkim, slipped to the fourth position.
There has been little change in the rankings of the rest of the
states within this category, except for Mizoram and Tripura. While
Mizoram significantly improved its position, Tripura slipped even
lower in the rankings, only scoring higher than Meghalaya, which
remained at the bottom of the rankings for both the years.
Some of the states have made huge strides since the last edition
of index was published, some maintained their positions, while
some slipped to lower positions in the process. Hence, it can be
deduced that the level of competitiveness is high among the
states, which is essential for them to continually improve on their
enabling and performance factors.
Two other union
territories, Daman and Diu
and Puducherry have also
made huge leaps in the
rankings since last year,
and finished in the top 10
scorers. 239India Innovation Index 2020
Table 7:
Ranking Comparison
Innovation Rank
2019MAJOR STATES2020
1KARNATAKA1
2TAMIL NADU3
3MAHARASHTRA2
4TELANGANA4
5HARYANA6
6KERALA5
7UTTAR PRADESH9
8WEST BENGAL11
9GUJARAT8
10ANDHRA PRADESH7
11PUNJAB10
12ODISHA14
13RAJASTHAN12
14MADHYA PRADESH13
15CHHATTISGARH16
16BIHAR17
17JHARKHAND15 240India Innovation Index 202M
Innovation Rank
Innovation Rank
2019NE AND HILL STATES2020
1SIKKIM4
2HIMACHAL PRADESH1
3UTTARAKHAND2
4MANIPUR3
6TRIPURA9
7ARUNACHAL PRADESH7
8ASSAM6
9NAGALAND8
10MIZORAM5
11MEGHALAYA10
2019UT AND CITY STATES2020
1DELHI1
2CHANDIGARH2
3GOA5
4PUDUCHERRY4
5ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS7
6DAMAN & DIU3
7DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI6
8LAKSHADWEEP9
-JAMMU & KASHMIR8
Note: Category of Jammu and Kashmir has changed compared to India Innovation Index 2019. 241India Innovation Index 2020
10
States can learn from
their peers on some
components and be
the role models on
other components.
Learnings &
Recommendations 242India Innovation Index 202M
The India Innovation Index, while calculating overall scores on
innovation and performance, also highlights the components
in different pillars and dimensions that substantiate the said
score. As seen from the analyses, states do not score uniformly
well in all the components, so a state can learn from its peers on
some components and be the role models for other regions on
some components. The categorization based on geographical
characteristics and administrative capabilities further facilitates
fair comparisons and creates scope for valued learnings.
Following are some of the observations that pave the way for
learning and improvement:
1. States such as Delhi, Karnataka, and Maharashtra have
retained their top position in the 2020 index. Chandigarh is
the new entrant to the top ranks, replacing Tamil Nadu from
the 2019 index. The scores of the top four states are within
a comparable range in terms of innovation, with Chandigarh
and Maharashtra having a difference of 0.5. However, these
states have varied performance, which is further highlighted
in Figure 25. Chandigarh has outperformed the other states
in four indicators of Human Capital, Knowledge Workers and
Safety and Legal Environment, but has underperformed in
Knowledge Diffusion. Delhi, which had outperformed other
states in the 2019 index in at least five components, has
maintained consistent performance in 2020, with the highest
level of Knowledge Output in both 2019 and 2020. Karnataka,
on the other hand, continues to receive the highest score
in Investment and has the highest Knowledge Diffusion.
Maharashtra continues to retain its position from last year and
has increased significantly in Safety and Legal Environment
alongside Human Capital, and Knowledge Workers. It has,
however, declined in Investment since last year’s rankings.
.
2. In the case of the low-performing states, as shown in Figure
26, the major deficiency in innovation and performance
indicators can be accrued to low levels of investment,
Knowledge Workers, and an inadequate Business
Environment. Arunachal Pradesh, which ranks the second-
highest in pillars such as investment and Knowledge Workers,
has a Knowledge Diffusion score of less than 1. These states
are much closer to the top-performing states in Human
Capital but that has not translated into adequate Knowledge
Output or Knowledge Diffusion. The focus for these states
seem to be on improving investments, Knowledge Workers,
and the Business Environment, which could help create a
conducive ecosystem to generate more Knowledge Output
and Knowledge Diffusion.
As seen from the analyses,
states do not score
uniformly well in all the
components, so a state
can learn from its peers
on some components
and be the role models
to learn from on other
components. 243India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 25:
Figure 26:
Comparing Top-Ranking States across Pillars
Comparing Low-Performing States across Pillars
The analysis of the index observations provides us with two broad categories of issues, namely,
national-level issues and state-level issues. While these issues must be addressed by the
collaboration of central as well as state governments, this section will point out the underlying
issues under the said categories. The national-level issues can be further broken down into state-
specific issues, as the former’s occurrence can be attributed to the existing regional imbalance
across several pillars.
Underlying Issues at National and State Levels
National-level Issues
This edition of the Innovation Index saw improvement in the overall average score, thus presenting
a promising growth for the Indian innovation ecosystem. However, India needs to focus on its
performance across key pillars such as Knowledge Workers, Business Environment, and Knowledge
Output. To achieve this, a few steps can be taken: 244India Innovation Index 202M
State Innovation Cells: States are the major source to kickstart any form of grassroots innovation.
To achieve the same, special government-backed entities must be established, such as innovation
cells. The purpose of such cells must be to promote the culture of innovation and foster the spirit
of entrepreneurship at various levels. This must follow a bottom-up approach where the said
culture can be imbibed from the school level. For instance, Telangana established its innovation cell
in 2017, thus paving the way for other states to follow.
Create State-level Engagements to Showcase Best Practices: Based on the pillar-level analysis, it
is abundantly clear that states have varying strengths and weaknesses. To celebrate this strength
and to promote peer-to-peer learning, a platform must be established to allow the sharing of best
practices. This aligns with the democratic practice of cooperative federalism and allows states to
learn from the success of their peers. Such a platform also holds tremendous potential to eliminate
any form of regional disparity and thus pushes forward the overall innovative capacity of the
nation.
State-Level Issues
1. One of the major challenges observed was regional imbalance with respect to the presence of research institutions in most North-Eastern and Central States. Weaker representation of both private and public R&D units shows the inability to tap into the innovative tendencies of these states. The central government can bring in reforms to revive the research ecosystem across the nation.
To promote business sector R&D, the government could target specific areas under which top R&D-intensive domestic firms are eligible for tax incentives, low-interest loans, and priority procurement.
The government must consider providing direct R&D grants to companies. This is a deviation
from R&D funding mostly going to academic institutions, with the absence of any intention
to commercialize innovative concepts. Such practices have been heavily recommended by
the US and Israel.
2. Another problem that comes to light due to regional imbalance is the lack of incubator centres
that hurt the growth of young businesses and innovation ventures. To combat this, a tier-
based incubator ecosystem must be established. This must involve creating outcome-oriented
sustainable incubator models that foster the rise of competitive firms. While these businesses
may not be funded by venture capital deals, they will play a vital role in the health of local
economies and the innovation environment.
3. In terms of performance, limited grassroots innovations observed across the nation is a
major concern. Such innovations have been unanimously acknowledged as a cost-effective
route toward sustainable development. The innovations from grassroots at a state level can
set up precedents to push for a circular approach to nurture an innovation-driven economy
that is marked by limited wastage. Through successful outreach programs, the value chain of
grassroots innovation can be revived by the rural citizenry. This can be followed up by launching
a dedicated scale-up fund to allow grassroots innovations to transition into micro and small-
scale industries. 245India Innovation Index 2020
11
Innovation holds
the key to transition
any economy from
a developing one
toward the developed
category.
The Way
Forward 246India Innovation Index 2020
The objective of the index is to serve as an actionable tool for
policymakers to recognize challenges and address them to
improve the innovation ecosystem at both state and national
levels. This also allows states to carefully study and analyze
the performance of their peers and identify best practices. This
practice encourages cooperative and competitive federalism
amongst the states.
The current edition of the index is strengthened by its framework
when compared with the previous iteration, with the introduction
of new indicators across several pillars and also with the
modification of the methodology for certain indicators to
provide more accurate outcomes. To strengthen the core of the
index while successfully highlighting the results observed, the
following can be done in the successive editions:
• Showcase Best Practices: Under the ambit of cooperative
federalism, the best practices observed within the states
should be often documented and disseminated to
encourage peer-to-peer learning. For instance, based on the
exclusive challenges identified in the state scorecards, each
state can be pushed to emulate some of the best practices.
Practices such as low pendency of court cases observed
in Sikkim and the proportionately high number of online
services transactions as seen in Kerala can be showcased as
successful case studies.
• Focus on State-Specific Policies: To ensure that the index’s
framework is even more robust to capture the best picture
for the Indian innovative ecosystem, a micro-analysis of
the state-level policies must be done. The objective of
this reform is to focus on State innovation policies, local
innovation cells, and the Knowledge Output developing
from such entities. This will further delve into the state-level
nuances required to understand the underlying innovative
tendencies within a state.
As India heads into an uncertain future where the global
economy is still reeling from the pandemic, innovation holds the
key to transition any economy from a developing one toward the
developed category. India has the potential and capacity to be
such a nation that can transform its economic identity by relying
on innovation. The central Government consulted stakeholders
to formulate the STIP 2020. This is a crucial step to allow a
decentralized focus on innovation where policies are inclusive
and the benefits follow the bottom-up approach. A policy
such as the STIP holds the promise that would allow successful
leverage of the strengths of each state and thus convert their
Enablers into Performance.
As India heads into an
uncertain future where
the global economy is
still reeling from the
pandemic, innovation
holds the key to
transition any developing
economy toward the
developed category. 247India Innovation Index 202M
1. Chattopadhyay, D. (2020). Financing Innovation in India: Challenges and Opportunities. Global
Innovation Index 2020, (157-162)
2. Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO (2020). The Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will
Finance Innovation? Ithaca, Fontainebleau, and Geneva.
3. Fagerberg, J., Martin, B. R., & Andersen, E. S. (Eds.). (2013). Innovation studies: evolution and
future challenges. OUP Oxford.
4. Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C., & Nelson, R. R. (Eds.). (2005). The Oxford handbook of innovation.
Oxford university press.
5. Kapoor, A. & Goyal, S. (2020). “How Ministry of Textiles Developed the Indigenous Supply
Chain in India for Manufacturing of High-Quality PPEs and Testing Swabs during COVID-19
Pandemic Situation”. Institute for Competitiveness. https://competitiveness.in/report-on-
manufacturing-of-ppe/ (last accessed 15 December 2020)
6. Kurup, R. (2020, May 06). Delhi ranks top in Internet penetration, Kerala comes second. The
Hindu Business Line. Retrieved from https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/delhi-
ranks-top-in-internet-penetration-kerala-comes-second/article31516751.ece
7. Ministry of Human Resource and Development. (2019). All India Survey on Higher Education
2018-19. New Delhi.
8. Mukherjee, A. Bajaj, P & Gulati, S. (2019). “Demographic Changes and their Macroeconomic
Ramifications in India”. RBI Bulletin July 2019. https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/bulletin/
pdfs/01art11072019c6e50f97d88d48feb06d7056289dcd69.pdf (last accessed 15 December
2020)
9. Nair, A., Guldiken, O., Fainshmidt, S., & Pezeshkan, A. (2015). Innovation in India: A review of
past research and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(4), 925-958.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10490-015-9442-z (last accessed 15 December
2020)
10. Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010). Principal component analysis. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews:
computational statistics, 2(4), 433-459.
11. Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications.
Journal of applied psychology, 78(1), 98.
12. Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International journal of
medical education, 2, 53.
13. Vyas, S., & Kumaranayake, L. (2006). Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use
principal components analysis. Health policy and planning, 21(6), 459-468.
14. Williams, B., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for
novices. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8(3).
15. Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory
factor analysis. Tutorials in quantitative methods for psychology, 9(2), 79-94.
References: 248India Innovation Index 2020 249India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix
12 250India Innovation Index 2020
Dimension Indicator nameDefinitionSource
Enablers
Enrolment in PhDEnrolment in PhD in the state
(per lakh of population)
AISHE-All India Survey
of Higher Education
Enrolment in
engineering and
technology
Intake in Engineering and
Technology at UG, PG and
Diploma level (per lakh of
population between 18-23
years)
AICTE - All India
Council for Technical
Education
Colleges connected
through NMEICT
Number of colleges connected
through ICT (National Mission
in Education through ICT) (%
of total colleges)
AISHE-All India Survey
of Higher
Higher education
institutions with
NAAC grade A and
above
Number of higher education
institutions with NAAC grade
A and above (% of total
institutions graded by NAAC in
the state)
NAAC-National
Assessment and
Accreditation Council
Pupil-Teacher Ratio-
Higher Education
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR):
Average number of pupils
(students) per teacher at
regular university level
AISHE-All India Survey
of Higher Education
Schools with ICT
labs
Percentage of schools with
Information & Technology
Labs
U-DISE – Unified-
District Information
System for Education
National
Achievement Survey
(NAS) Scores (Class
X)
Assessment in modern
Indian language, English,
mathematics, science and
social studies (Class X NAS
Scores)- Average score
NCERT-National
Council for Education
Research and Training
Expenditure on
higher and technical
education
State government
expenditure on higher and
technical education (per
lakh of population) (Capital
Expenditure); Average of three
years
MHRD- Analysis of
Budgeted Expenditure
on Education
Expenditure on
Research and
Development (State
Govt.)
State government on Research
and Development (% of GSDP);
Average of three years
DST- Department of
Science & Technology,
Ministry of Science &
Technology
Expenditure on
Science, Technology
and Environment
Expenditure on Science,
Technology and Environment
by state government (% of
GSDP) (Revenue Expenditure);
Average of three years
RBI- State Finances- A
Study of State Budgets
Appendix A: Indicator definitions and sources
Human
Capital
Investment 251India Innovation Index 2020
FDI inflows Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI), (% of GSDP)
DPIIT-Department for
Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade
Venture capital
deals
Venture capital investment:
Number of deals (per crore of
GSDP)
DPIIT-Department for
Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade
Knowledge-
intensive
employment
Employment in Knowledge-
intensive services (employment
in aerospace vehicles and
defence, biopharmaceutical,
medical devices, information
technology and analytical
instruments, video production
and distribution and
production technology &
heavy machinery) (% of total
employment)
ASI- Annual Survey
of Industries,
Ministry of Statistics
and Programme
Implementation
NGOs involved in
knowledge intensive
areas
Number of NGOs involved
in knowledge intensive areas
(per lakh of population)
(following sectors-
biotechnology, information
and communication
technology, new & renewable
energy, Science & technology,
scientific and industrial
research, urban development
and poverty alleviation and
water resources.)
NGO Darpan
Private R&D unitsNumber of private R&D
units in the state (per lakh of
population)
DST- Department of
Science & Technology
State funded R&D
units
Number of R&D Institutions
funded by the state (per lakh
of population)
DST- Department of
Science & Technology
Ease of Doing
Business Ranking
Ease of Doing Business rankDPIIT-Department for
Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade
Online services
transaction
Total amount of online services
transactions (per thousand
population)
e-TAAL
Internet subscribersNumber of internet
subscribers per 100 population
TRAI- Telecom
Regulatory Authority
of India
Incubator centresNumber of Incubator centres
in the state (per lakh of
population)
DPIIT- Start-up India
Common Facility
Centres
Number of MSME Common
Facility Centres in the state
(per lakh of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises- MSME)
MSME- Ministry of
Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment 252India Innovation Index 2020
Cluster StrengthCluster strength represents
the potential of a region’s
cluster portfolio measured by
summing up the performance
across individual clusters.
PM-EAC, Clusters:
The Drivers of
Competitiveness
Information
Technology /
Intellectual Property
related Acts
Information Technology /
Intellectual Property related
Acts (Rate of offenses) (Total
Cases reported under IT and
IP/Total Population) x 10000
i.e., Incidence of crimes
relating to IT & IP per one lakh
of population
NCRB- National Crime
Records Bureau
Cyber-crime police
stations
Number of cybercrime special
police stations (per lakh of
population)
BPRD- Bureau of
Police Research &
Development
Pendency of court
cases
Percentage of court cases
pending (10 years and above)
NJDG- National
Judiciary Data Grid
Performance
Grassroots
innovations
Number of grassroots
innovations in the state (per
lakh of population)
NIF- National
Innovation Foundation
Patents applications
filed
Number of patent applications
filed in the state (per lakh of
population)
DPIIT- IP India
Trademark
application filed
Number of trademarks
applications filed in the state
(per lakh of population)
DPIIT- IP India
Industrial design
applications filed
Number of Industrial design
applications filed in the state
(per lakh of population)
DPIIT- IP India
Presence of startupsNumber of start-ups in the
state (per crore of GSDP)
DIPP- Start-up India
New businesses
registered
Number of new companies
and LLPs registered during
2019-20 (per crore of GSDP)
MCA- Ministry of
Corporate Affairs
Publications Composite score using
combined metric for
Publications (PU) and number
of colleges in NIRF Ranking
2020 (Top 100)
NIRF- National
Institute Ranking
Framework
ICT exports Telecommunications,
computers and information
services export (% of GSDP)
STPI- Software
Technology Parks of
India
High and medium
high-tech
manufacturing
entities
Number of high tech
and medium high-tech
manufacturing entities (per
crore of GSDP)- companies
with investment in plant and
machinery above ten crore
rupees- in the state
DPIIT
Geographical
Indications GI
registered
Number of registered
Geographical Indications in a
state
DPIIT- IP India
Safety
& Legal
Environment
Knowledge Output
Knowledge
Diffusion 253India Innovation Index 2020
Citations Composite score using
combined matric for Quality of
Publications (QP) and number
of colleges in NIRF Ranking
2020 (Top 100)
NIRF- National
Institute Ranking
Framework
Appendix B: Data availability
Indicator nameYear
Enrolment in PhD2018-19
Enrolment in engineering and technology2019-20
Colleges connected through NMEICT2018-19
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2019-20
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education2018-19
Schools with ICT labs2016-17
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 2017
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2017-18, 2016-17 and 2015-16
Expenditure on Research and Development (State Govt.)2017-18, 2016-17 and 2015-16
Expenditure on Science, Technology and Environment 2019-20, 2018-19 and 2017-18
FDI inflows2019-20 (Oct-19 to June 2020)
Venture capital deals2018
Knowledge-intensive employment2017-18
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas2020
Private R&D units2018
State funded R&D units2018
Ease of Doing Business Ranking2019
Online services transaction2019-20
Internet subscribers2019-20
Incubator centres2020
Common Facility Centres2020
Cluster Strength2018
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related Acts2018
Cyber-crime police stations2019
Pendency of court cases2020
Grassroots innovations2020
Patents applications filed2018-19
Trademark application filed2018-19
Industrial design applications filed2018-19
Presence of startups2020
New businesses registered2019-20
Publications2020
ICT exports2017-18
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities 2018
Geographical Indications GI registered2018-19
Citations2020 254India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix C: Inverted indicators
Appendix D: Weights
Inverted Indicators
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education
Ease of doing business ranking
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related Acts
Pendency of court cases
Indicator NameWeight
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.137346
Enrolment in engineering and technology0.163986
Colleges connected through NMEICT0.138516
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above 0.149776
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education0.143949
Schools with ICT labs0.126296
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)0.140132
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education0.170279
Expenditure on Research and Development (State Govt.) 0.208511
Expenditure on Science, Technology and Environment0.226097
FDI inflows0.19779
Venture capital deals0.197324
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.28947
Number of NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.232384
Private R&D units0.242728
State funded R&D units0.235419
Business Environment
Ease of Doing Business Ranking0.129336
Online services transaction0.171585
Internet subscribers0.188393
Incubator centres0.155574
Common Facility Centres0.179883
Cluster Strength0.175229
Safety and Legal Environment
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related acts 0.315309
Cyber-crime police stations0.299293
Pendency of court cases0.385398
Knowledge Output
Grassroots innovations0.013292 255India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix E: Best case and worst case scenarios
Indicator NameBest case Worst case
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD81.57658 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology6998.039 0
Colleges connected through NMEICT
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above40.74074 0
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education12 61
Schools with ICT labs86.6 6.2
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 44.7348 0
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education51044937 733405.1
Expenditure on Research and Development (State Govt.) 0.808495 0
Expenditure on Science, Technology and Environment 0.367294 0
FDI inflows7.995584 8.17E-05
Venture capital deals3.44193 0
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment81.22997 0
Number of NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 11.41539 0
Private R&D units2.273912 0
State funded R&D units0.495295 0
Business Environment
Ease of Doing Business Ranking1 29
Online services transaction35303.8 1000.5
Internet subscribers202.71 30.35
Incubator centres2.364805 0
Common Facility Centres1.428571 0
Cluster Strength123 0
Patents applications filed0.174702
Trademark application filed0.191848
Industrial design applications filed0.142278
Presence of start-ups0.176851
New businesses registered0.189757
Publications0.111271
Knowledge Diffusion
ICT exports0.282836
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.155677
Geographical Indications GI registered0.295961
Citations0.265526 256India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix F: Dimension and Pillar scores
State
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
ANDHRA
PRADESH
24.1933.1447.434.120.8630.0663.2415.259.3521.14
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
14.927.4635.0833.667.772.7858.022.354.070.62
ASSAM 16.3819.7532.085.445.699.4146.15 1310.2815.73
BIHAR 14.4814.4320.982.493.515.1740.0214.5313.4115.66
CHHATTIS-
GARH
15.7725.7635.776.154.2815.1767.465.78 6 5.55
DELHI 46.640.0849.8119.7228.3539.72 62.853.1282.8323.42
GOA 24.9239.7655.8413.4333.5236.959.0910.0918.391.79
GUJARAT 23.6329.2844.9710.8121.1626.8742.5917.9817.0718.9
HARYANA 25.8132.5947.2216.4915.5718.9664.6919.0322.8515.22
HIMACHAL
PRADESH
25.0636.2844.5810.4936.8622.9166.5413.8514.3913.31
Safety and Legal Environment
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related acts0 9.1
Cyber-crime police stations0.16378 0
Pendency of court cases0 14
Knowledge Output
Grassroots innovations276 6
Patents applications filed7.8747 0
Trademark application filed319.7176 0
Industrial design applications filed40.28827 0
Presence of start-ups0.023513 0.001335
New businesses registered0.030011 0.00035
Publications100 0
Knowledge Diffusion
ICT exports13.54296 0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities 0.00158 0
Geographical Indications GI registered44 0
Citations100 0 257India Innovation Index 2020
JAMMU &
KASHMIR
18.6226.8331.0412.9916.849.9963.3110.418.911.93
JHARKHAND 17.1222.6323.1626.052.7711.6349.5411.612.610.61
KARNATAKA 42.534.8154.2733.0122.5824.4339.7550.1928.1372.26
KERALA 30.5836.9759.729.1815.3437.1263.4624.217.8630.54
MADHYA
PRADESH
20.8225.432.7 7.478.3614.7963.66 16.2413.7418.75
MAHARASH-
TRA
38.0334.7146.4313.0422.8129.2662.01 41.3534.5748.12
MANIPUR 22.7837.3240.0141.1829.874.0471.52 8.2313.972.48
MEGHALAYA 12.1519.2330.733.9310.924.3346.26 5.074.355.79
MIZORAM 16.9327.7942.6210 1.024.5780.73 6.088.024.13
NAGALAND 14.1126.1136.016.766.584.3676.86 2.112.361.86
ODISHA 18.9420.9342.1 3.245.668.9444.71 16.9410.8223.06
PUNJAB 22.5430.0353.095.1 9.8614.267.91 15.0516.6513.46
RAJASTHAN 20.8325.741.655 8.2517.2156.4 15.9612.8519.07
SIKKIM 20.2838.9845.7613.5332.673.7399.2 1.582.310.85
TAMIL NADU 37.9136.5762.8 11.4316.0931.8460.68 39.2525.7752.73
TELANGANA 33.2331 45.9 7.9 16.2226.1658.81 35.4728.2242.71
TRIPURA 12.8423.3740.022.296.224.0964.22 2.324.010.62
UTTARA-
KHAND
23.529.6841.897.0122.6214.8362.04 17.3118.0416.58
UTTAR
PRADESH
22.8516.5318.235.216.7526.3526.09 29.1821.3736.98
WEST BENGAL 21.6918.2520.432.987.3320.1640.35 25.1317.7632.51
ANDAMAN
& NICOBAR
ISLANDS
18.8930.1641.3218.71.1823.7265.87 7.6215.230
CHANDIGARH 38.5741.5274.826.6230.0410.0386.11 35.6255.116.14
DADRA &
NAGAR HAVELI
22.7426.6332.137.9113.1113.4766.52 18.8619.9617.76
DAMAN & DIU 26.7626.6342.273.429.8114.962.75 26.8943.4810.31
LAKSHAD-
WEEP
11.7121.738.275.530 15.4749.25 1.713.430
PUDUCHERRY 25.2334.8372.391.4320.178.1871.97 15.6319.2112.05 258India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix G: Peer Groups
State Peer 1,Peer 2,Peer 3,Peer 4,Peer 5,Peer 6,Peer 7,Peer 8,Peer 9,Peer 10
Andhra PradeshTelangana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal,
Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
Arunachal PradeshNagaland, Sikkim, Mizoram, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Chandigarh
Assam Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Bihar, Odisha, Punjab, Goa, Tripura
Bihar Odisha, Punjab, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Haryana,
Uttarakhand, Kerala, Delhi
Chhattisgarh Assam, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Bihar, Odisha, Punjab, Goa, Tripura
Delhi Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
West Bengal, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
GoaTripura, Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland,
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Jammu & Kashmir
Gujarat Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
Haryana Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Delhi, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal
Himachal PradeshJammu & Kashmir, Goa, Uttarakhand, Tripura, Chandigarh, Meghalaya,
Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland
Jammu & KashmirHimachal Pradesh, Goa, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh, Meghalaya,
Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland
Jharkhand Chhattisgarh, Assam, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Bihar, Odisha, Goa, Punjab, Tripura
Karnataka Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
Kerala Haryana,Delhi,Madhya Pradesh,Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Punjab, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar
Madhya PradeshHaryana, Kerala, Delhi, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar,
Rajasthan, West Bengal
Maharashtra Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala
Manipur Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Puducherry, Meghalaya,
Chandigarh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman &
Diu
Meghalaya Puducherry, Chandigarh, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Tripura, Mizoram, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Mizoram Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Andaman & Nicobar
Islands, Puducherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Meghalaya, Daman & Diu,
Lakshadweep
Nagaland Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, Puducherry, Meghalaya,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman &
Diu 259India Innovation Index 2020
State Peer 1,Peer 2,Peer 3,Peer 4,Peer 5,Peer 6,Peer 7,Peer 8,Peer 9,Peer 10
Odisha Bihar, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Kerala, Uttarakhand, Delhi
Punjab Odisha,Bihar,Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Assam, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Delhi, Uttarakhand
Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha ,Bihar
Sikkim Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Puducherry, Meghalaya,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman &
Diu
Tamil Nadu Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
Telangana Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Kerala, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, West
Bengal, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
Tripura Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Goa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Uttarakhand Jharkhand ,Chhattisgarh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Goa,
Tripura, Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Puducherry
Uttar Pradesh Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
West Bengal Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
Andaman & Nico-
bar Islands
Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Arunachal
Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya
Chandigarh Meghalaya, Tripura, Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Dadra & Nagar
Haveli
Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Mizoram,
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya
Daman & Diu Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Mizoram,
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya
Lakshadweep Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,
Mizoram,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry,
Meghalaya
Puducherry Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim, Chandigarh, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Mizoram, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli 260India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix H: Indicator Data
Andhra Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD10.03
Enrolment in engineering and technology 4509.35
Colleges connected through NMEICT14.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
3.78
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs20.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.10
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 3104201.06
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.10
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0013
FDI inflow0.25
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment10.26
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.65
Private R&D units0.82
State funded R&D units0.17
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking1.00
Online services transactions19952.90
Internet subscribers65.15
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.06
Cluster Strength 47.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.00
Cyber crime police stations0.002
Pendency of court cases1.25
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations7.00
Patent applications filed0.65
Trademark applications filed7.11
Presence of startups0.003
Industrial Design applications filed 0.12
New businesses registered0.0049
Publications32.04
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.11
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00013
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 19.00
Citations30.84 261India Innovation Index 2020
Arunachal Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD48.85
Enrolment in engineering and technology 910.63
Colleges connected through NMEICT2.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
3.70
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 31.00
Schools with ICT labs19.50
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.89
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 36831205.38
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.37
FDI inflow0.03
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.47
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1006.00
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.80
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases3.60
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations252.00
Patent applications filed0.36
Trademark applications filed1.95
Presence of startups0.0027
Industrial Design applications filed 0.07
New businesses registered0.0019
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 262India Innovation Index 2020
Assam
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD15.83
Enrolment in engineering and technology 255.68
Colleges connected through NMEICT12.40
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.79
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 31.00
Schools with ICT labs10.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.30
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 775779.09
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.16
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment1.49
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.70
Private R&D units0.04
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking20.00
Online services transactions2007.50
Internet subscribers41.06
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.08
Cluster Strength 27.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
5.10
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases1.41
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations31.00
Patent applications filed0.35
Trademark applications filed4.11
Presence of startups0.004
Industrial Design applications filed 0.02
New businesses registered0.0042
Publications45.69
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 7.00
Citations45.71 263India Innovation Index 2020
Bihar
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD3.23
Enrolment in engineering and technology 290.41
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.60
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.09
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 61.00
Schools with ICT labs14.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.24
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5370193.82
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.03
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow0.03
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment1.59
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.52
Private R&D units0.0039
State funded R&D units0.04
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking26.00
Online services transactions1452.10
Internet subscribers30.35
Incubator centres0.01
Common facility centres0.03
Cluster Strength 28.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.0009
Pendency of court cases12.51
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations37.00
Patent applications filed0.05
Trademark applications filed3.74
Presence of startups0.0042
Industrial Design applications filed 0.01
New businesses registered0.01
Publications36.15
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.000008
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0000026
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 13.00
Citations30.40 264India Innovation Index 2020
Chhattisgarh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD5.77
Enrolment in engineering and technology 956.89
Colleges connected through NMEICT18.20
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 28.00
Schools with ICT labs33.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.16
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 9573841.11
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.10
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.000081
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment3.49
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.42
Private R&D units0.04
State funded R&D units0.04
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking6.00
Online services transactions7300.10
Internet subscribers43.26
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 21.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.30
Cyber crime police stations0.0039
Pendency of court cases0.80
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations38.00
Patent applications filed0.16
Trademark applications filed7.72
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.08
New businesses registered0.0040
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.29
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00010
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 6.00
Citations0.00 265India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD56.06
Enrolment in engineering and technology 728.58
Colleges connected through NMEICT16.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
25.26
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 52.00
Schools with ICT labs46.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)44.73
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 7198500.40
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0042
FDI inflow5.63
Venture capital deals0.63
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment10.75
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 2.84
Private R&D units1.98
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking12.00
Online services transactions5737.60
Internet subscribers202.71
Incubator centres0.33
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 58.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.30
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases0.78
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations21.00
Patent applications filed7.87
Trademark applications filed319.72
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 9.17
New businesses registered0.03
Publications59.98
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.28
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00063
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations61.51 266India Innovation Index 2020
Goa
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD20.29
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2507.00
Colleges connected through NMEICT8.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
19.64
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 16.00
Schools with ICT labs63.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.47
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 20034806.38
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.09
FDI inflow0.69
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment41.46
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.21
Private R&D units1.58
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking24.00
Online services transactions4021.40
Internet subscribers74.69
Incubator centres0.48
Common facility centres1.43
Cluster Strength 45.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.60
Cyber crime police stations0.07
Pendency of court cases7.09
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations19.00
Patent applications filed3.02
Trademark applications filed46.14
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.34
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.13
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000079
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 267India Innovation Index 2020
Gujarat
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD9.79
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1786.52
Colleges connected through NMEICT26.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.96
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 26.00
Schools with ICT labs53.00
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.47
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2459669.49
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.08
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.06
FDI inflow1.69
Venture capital deals0.11
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment15.25
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.49
Private R&D units0.59
State funded R&D units0.19
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking10.00
Online services transactions12683.70
Internet subscribers64.77
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.06
Cluster Strength 73.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.70
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases10.20
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations84.00
Patent applications filed1.44
Trademark applications filed47.85
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 1.97
New businesses registered0.01
Publications27.84
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.23
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00077
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 16.00
Citations30.61 268India Innovation Index 2020
Haryana
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD15.17
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2460.87
Colleges connected through NMEICT26.90
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.07
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 26.00
Schools with ICT labs48.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.47
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 8176221.42
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.07
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow1.21
Venture capital deals1.50
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment9.47
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.37
Private R&D units0.86
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking16.00
Online services transactions6067.60
Internet subscribers59.01
Incubator centres0.07
Common facility centres0.21
Cluster Strength 42.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.60
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases0.10
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations73.00
Patent applications filed2.05
Trademark applications filed63.24
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 1.62
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports4.18
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00041
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations0.00 269India Innovation Index 2020
Himachal Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD27.90
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1298.91
Colleges connected through NMEICT20.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.93
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs56.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.30
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 20180223.12
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.14
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0010
FDI inflow0.09
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment30.29
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.47
Private R&D units0.12
State funded R&D units0.50
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking7.00
Online services transactions8071.90
Internet subscribers81.62
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 43.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.10
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases0.67
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations49.00
Patent applications filed2.81
Trademark applications filed15.66
Presence of startups0.0031
Industrial Design applications filed 0.96
New businesses registered0.0039
Publications33.92
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000025
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 9.00
Citations29.88 270India Innovation Index 2020
Jammu & Kashmir
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD21.39
Enrolment in engineering and technology 664.91
Colleges connected through NMEICT14.90
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 35.00
Schools with ICT labs24.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)31.60
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 10514535.63
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.26
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0032
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment9.96
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.11
Private R&D units0.01
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking21.00
Online services transactions1250.30
Internet subscribers56.43
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.14
Cluster Strength 15.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.50
Cyber crime police stations0.02
Pendency of court cases3.12
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations79.00
Patent applications filed0.32
Trademark applications filed9.27
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.02
New businesses registered0.0044
Publications21.19
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.0034
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 9.00
Citations25.48 271India Innovation Index 2020
Jharkhand
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD8.80
Enrolment in engineering and technology 584.30
Colleges connected through NMEICT14.60
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.66
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 60.00
Schools with ICT labs23.00
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.32
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5737445.87
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.05
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.06
FDI inflow8.00
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment3.13
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.36
Private R&D units0.02
State funded R&D units0.01
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking5.00
Online services transactions1448.70
Internet subscribers30.35
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 28.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.90
Cyber crime police stations0.02
Pendency of court cases6.94
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations40.00
Patent applications filed0.49
Trademark applications filed3.81
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.05
New businesses registered0.01
Publications45.71
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.0029
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000022
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations41.67 272India Innovation Index 2020
Karnataka
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD21.77
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2835.61
Colleges connected through NMEICT31.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
4.21
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 15.00
Schools with ICT labs29.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)43.64
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 3157219.01
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.05
FDI inflow3.41
Venture capital deals3.44
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment12.42
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.56
Private R&D units0.70
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking17.00
Online services transactions3084.70
Internet subscribers69.06
Incubator centres0.10
Common facility centres0.26
Cluster Strength 82.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
9.10
Cyber crime police stations0.07
Pendency of court cases2.83
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations9.00
Patent applications filed3.58
Trademark applications filed29.07
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.72
New businesses registered0.01
Publications51.06
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports13.54
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00014
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 44.00
Citations51.03 273India Innovation Index 2020
Kerala
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD20.01
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2812.05
Colleges connected through NMEICT33.10
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
7.39
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs68.30
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)40.22
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 4453739.70
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.03
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.05
FDI inflow0.16
Venture capital deals0.67
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment6.48
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.21
Private R&D units0.22
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking28.00
Online services transactions35303.80
Internet subscribers75.01
Incubator centres0.08
Common facility centres0.46
Cluster Strength 55.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.20
Cyber crime police stations0.0029
Pendency of court cases0.90
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations37.00
Patent applications filed0.83
Trademark applications filed29.14
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.40
New businesses registered0.01
Publications41.39
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.59
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0000017
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 30.00
Citations42.44 274India Innovation Index 2020
Madhya Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD5.64
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1331.79
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.90
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.48
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 33.00
Schools with ICT labs18.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.32
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5551650.13
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.10
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.04
FDI inflow0.23
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment9.51
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.66
Private R&D units0.07
State funded R&D units0.06
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking4.00
Online services transactions2991.00
Internet subscribers43.26
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 30.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.60
Cyber crime police stations0.0013
Pendency of court cases1.69
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations13.00
Patent applications filed0.27
Trademark applications filed12.12
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.09
New businesses registered0.01
Publications43.88
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.12
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000080
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 11.00
Citations43.37 275India Innovation Index 2020
Maharashtra
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD7.83
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2031.08
Colleges connected through NMEICT24.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
7.73
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs44.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)38.65
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 776103.38
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.01
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow2.79
Venture capital deals0.84
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment17.07
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.16
Private R&D units1.04
State funded R&D units0.09
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking13.00
Online services transactions2333.10
Internet subscribers74.69
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.27
Cluster Strength 109.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.60
Cyber crime police stations0.04
Pendency of court cases5.21
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations6.00
Patent applications filed3.79
Trademark applications filed57.64
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 1.96
New businesses registered0.02
Publications68.17
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports3.66
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00019
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 33.00
Citations69.32 276India Innovation Index 2020
Manipur
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD38.10
Enrolment in engineering and technology 189.03
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.60
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.16
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 22.00
Schools with ICT labs26.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)37.84
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1437300.22
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.81
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.27
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.15
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 11.42
Private R&D units0.11
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1000.50
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 10.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.04
Pendency of court cases1.99
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations216.00
Patent applications filed0.25
Trademark applications filed2.52
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.00
Citations0.00 277India Innovation Index 2020
Meghalaya
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD38.86
Enrolment in engineering and technology 213.39
Colleges connected through NMEICT7.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
4.76
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 26.00
Schools with ICT labs7.70
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)27.67
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1280802.89
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0029
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.34
Private R&D units0.07
State funded R&D units0.20
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1075.90
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 12.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
2.10
Cyber crime police stations0.03
Pendency of court cases8.93
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations156.00
Patent applications filed0.20
Trademark applications filed2.29
Presence of startups0.0016
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0019
Publications17.83
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.03
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations18.00 278India Innovation Index 2020
Mizoram
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD71.36
Enrolment in engineering and technology 269.84
Colleges connected through NMEICT6.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
6.90
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs6.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)40.83
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 4542872.23
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.11
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.46
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking25.00
Online services transactions1989.60
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.50
Cyber crime police stations0.09
Pendency of court cases1.63
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations185.00
Patent applications filed2.28
Trademark applications filed1.28
Presence of startups0.0015
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0018
Publications13.26
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations14.12 279India Innovation Index 2020
Nagaland
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD24.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 372.02
Colleges connected through NMEICT12.10
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
6.15
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 19.00
Schools with ICT labs17.30
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)32.03
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2668769.94
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.06
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.67
Private R&D units0.05
State funded R&D units0.05
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1412.70
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 8.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.10
Cyber crime police stations0.05
Pendency of court cases0.79
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations128.00
Patent applications filed0.25
Trademark applications filed1.47
Presence of startups0.0030
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.00037
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 3.00
Citations0.00 280India Innovation Index 2020
Odisha
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD8.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1889.00
Colleges connected through NMEICT21.10
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.87
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs38.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)39.68
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2873960.23
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow0.03
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment1.25
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.61
Private R&D units0.07
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions3038.20
Internet subscribers43.95
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.15
Cluster Strength 30.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.50
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases10.38
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations72.00
Patent applications filed0.39
Trademark applications filed4.13
Presence of startups0.0034
Industrial Design applications filed 0.09
New businesses registered0.01
Publications43.58
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.66
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000041
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 16.00
Citations45.01 281India Innovation Index 2020
Punjab
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD32.78
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2449.61
Colleges connected through NMEICT22.20
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
5.77
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs52.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)38.03
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1655073.61
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.15
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0024
FDI inflow0.20
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment8.52
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.18
Private R&D units0.24
State funded R&D units0.09
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking19.00
Online services transactions3156.20
Internet subscribers83.45
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 22.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.70
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases0.20
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations16.00
Patent applications filed2.38
Trademark applications filed43.81
Presence of startups0.0030
Industrial Design applications filed 0.90
New businesses registered0.0047
Publications43.94
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.11
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000037
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations46.53 282India Innovation Index 2020
Rajasthan
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD15.23
Enrolment in engineering and technology 874.87
Colleges connected through NMEICT21.70
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.52
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 29.00
Schools with ICT labs43.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)43.16
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 735044.72
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0037
FDI inflow0.28
Venture capital deals0.54
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment7.70
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.42
Private R&D units0.11
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking8.00
Online services transactions4263.00
Internet subscribers54.24
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 43.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.20
Cyber crime police stations0.0029
Pendency of court cases3.84
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations23.00
Patent applications filed0.44
Trademark applications filed18.10
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.44
New businesses registered0.01
Publications34.72
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.15
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000064
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 15.00
Citations35.06 283India Innovation Index 2020
Sikkim
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD65.35
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1611.23
Colleges connected through NMEICT18.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs25.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)37.46
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 22672215.52
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.07
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment81.23
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.33
Private R&D units0.16
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1864.80
Internet subscribers51.10
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 5.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.20
Cyber crime police stations0.16
Pendency of court cases0.00
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations172.00
Patent applications filed0.66
Trademark applications filed4.42
Presence of startups0.0013
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.00034
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.10
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 284India Innovation Index 2020
Tamil Nadu
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD35.79
Enrolment in engineering and technology 6998.04
Colleges connected through NMEICT30.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
7.11
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 17.00
Schools with ICT labs22.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.70
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 11077401.71
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.06
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0017
FDI inflow0.81
Venture capital deals0.74
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment8.06
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.45
Private R&D units0.65
State funded R&D units0.13
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking14.00
Online services transactions6113.20
Internet subscribers66.53
Incubator centres0.10
Common facility centres0.49
Cluster Strength 100.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.80
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases3.24
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations22.00
Patent applications filed3.31
Trademark applications filed26.21
Presence of startups0.0044
Industrial Design applications filed 0.87
New businesses registered0.01
Publications100.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports3.03
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00010
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 32.00
Citations100.00 285India Innovation Index 2020
Telangana
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD9.75
Enrolment in engineering and technology 4396.53
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.49
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs17.50
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)39.01
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1851701.24
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.05
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0023
FDI inflow1.36
Venture capital deals0.44
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment17.46
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.44
Private R&D units0.31
State funded R&D units0.13
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking3.00
Online services transactions13654.90
Internet subscribers65.15
Incubator centres0.13
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 47.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.80
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases2.05
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations16.00
Patent applications filed2.97
Trademark applications filed28.77
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.40
New businesses registered0.02
Publications47.49
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports8.29
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00030
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 15.00
Citations45.65 286India Innovation Index 2020
Tripura
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD6.15
Enrolment in engineering and technology 414.97
Colleges connected through NMEICT38.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.08
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 33.00
Schools with ICT labs33.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)33.68
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5395050.21
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.0019
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.14
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.03
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.08
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1711.70
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 6.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.60
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases1.35
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations83.00
Patent applications filed0.24
Trademark applications filed1.88
Presence of startups0.0027
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0033
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 287India Innovation Index 2020
Uttarakhand
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD46.22
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2181.41
Colleges connected through NMEICT15.20
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.47
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs15.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)38.77
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5728077.94
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.16
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow0.05
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment20.82
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.05
Private R&D units0.24
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking11.00
Online services transactions2947.20
Internet subscribers38.58
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 53.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.40
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases1.69
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations82.00
Patent applications filed1.54
Trademark applications filed24.45
Presence of startups0.0047
Industrial Design applications filed 0.20
New businesses registered0.01
Publications59.95
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.07
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000067
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations58.17 288India Innovation Index 2020
Uttar Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD9.57
Enrolment in engineering and technology 919.01
Colleges connected through NMEICT18.40
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.50
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 46.00
Schools with ICT labs29.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)0.00
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2353410.86
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.21
Venture capital deals0.44
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment8.39
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.78
Private R&D units0.09
State funded R&D units0.02
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking2.00
Online services transactions2204.50
Internet subscribers38.58
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.02
Cluster Strength 123.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
2.60
Cyber crime police stations0.001
Pendency of court cases14.00
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations9.00
Patent applications filed0.49
Trademark applications filed12.03
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.23
New businesses registered0.01
Publications62.26
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports1.63
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000072
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 27.00
Citations63.34 289India Innovation Index 2020
West Bengal
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD12.85
Enrolment in engineering and technology 717.83
Colleges connected through NMEICT15.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
3.71
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 35.00
Schools with ICT labs22.00
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)0.00
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 733405.08
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.41
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment6.22
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.68
Private R&D units0.24
State funded R&D units0.03
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking9.00
Online services transactions6382.20
Internet subscribers51.10
Incubator centres0.01
Common facility centres0.07
Cluster Strength 58.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.40
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases12.14
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations11.00
Patent applications filed0.58
Trademark applications filed11.89
Presence of startups0.0044
Industrial Design applications filed 0.81
New businesses registered0.01
Publications65.44
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.90
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0001
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 21.00
Citations65.52 290India Innovation Index 2020
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD17.60
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1071.36
Colleges connected through NMEICT12.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
14.29
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 25.00
Schools with ICT labs21.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)39.78
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 51044937.43
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.53
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking22.00
Online services transactions3567.70
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres2.36
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases0.00
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations276.00
Patent applications filed0.53
Trademark applications filed9.46
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0047
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations0.00 291India Innovation Index 2020
Chandigarh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD81.58
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1805.94
Colleges connected through NMEICT28.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
40.74
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 28.00
Schools with ICT labs59.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.86
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 19837194.25
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow0.19
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment24.09
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.19
Private R&D units2.27
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions5758.90
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.28
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 19.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.20
Cyber crime police stations0.09
Pendency of court cases0.16
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations36.00
Patent applications filed7.20
Trademark applications filed201.24
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 1.89
New businesses registered0.02
Publications34.78
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports2.14
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations45.42 292India Innovation Index 2020
Dadar & Nagar Haveli
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.00
Enrolment in engineering and technology 638.40
Colleges connected through NMEICT0.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 29.00
Schools with ICT labs73.30
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)33.32
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 20477109.03
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow0.63
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment6.87
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.00
Private R&D units1.16
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking23.00
Online services transactions12747.10
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 19.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases1.39
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations59.73
Patent applications filed0.58
Trademark applications filed15.71
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 2.33
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0015
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 293India Innovation Index 2020
Daman & Diu
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.00
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1481.93
Colleges connected through NMEICT30.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 14.00
Schools with ICT labs23.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.58
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 3648691.80
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment13.80
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.41
Private R&D units0.41
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking18.00
Online services transactions12617.70
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 18.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases2.96
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations42.27
Patent applications filed0.82
Trademark applications filed53.03
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 40.29
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00089
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 294India Innovation Index 2020
Lakshadweep
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.00
Enrolment in engineering and technology 0.00
Colleges connected through NMEICT0.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 12.00
Schools with ICT labs86.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.22
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 10217196.86
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.00
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking15.00
Online services transactions16303.70
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
3.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases3.60
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations25.00
Patent applications filed0.00
Trademark applications filed0.00
Presence of startups0.00
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.00
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations0.00 295India Innovation Index 2020
Puducherry
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD64.27
Enrolment in engineering and technology 6756.45
Colleges connected through NMEICT33.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
4.76
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 13.00
Schools with ICT labs50.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)37.07
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1673754.27
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow0.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment17.09
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.96
Private R&D units1.28
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking27.00
Online services transactions3979.50
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.08
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 18.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.00
Cyber crime police stations0.08
Pendency of court cases3.60
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations20.00
Patent applications filed4.41
Trademark applications filed20.27
Presence of startups0.0041
Industrial Design applications filed 0.08
New businesses registered0.01
Publications29.66
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports1.04
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000081
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations30.49 296India Innovation Index 2020 297India Innovation Index 2020
Institute for Competitiveness, India is the Indian knot in the global network of the
Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School. Institute for
Competitiveness, India is an international initiative centered in India, dedicated to
enlarging and purposeful disseminating of the body of research and knowledge on
competition and strategy, as pioneered over the last 25 years by Professor Michael
Porter of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School.
Institute for Competitiveness, India conducts & supports indigenous research;
offers academic & executive courses; provides advisory services to the Corporate
& the Governments and organises events. The institute studies competition and its
implications for company strategy; the competitiveness of nations, regions & cities
and thus generate guidelines for businesses and those in governance; and suggests
& provides solutions for socio-economic problems.
www.competitiveness.in 298India Innovation Index 2020
Sansad Marg, New Delhi, India
www.niti.gov.in
INDIA
INNOVATION
INDEX INDIA
INNOVATION
INDEX
2020 As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic this year, the significance of innovation is
even more greatly felt. While innovation has always been pivotal for higher productivity and
economic growth, it is also crucial for bolstering a post-crisis economy. In this light, the foresight
of the central government in fostering a culture of innovation through initiatives like the Atal
Innovation Mission, Startup India, etc. is laudable.
To instil a culture of innovation amongst the states, NITI Aayog had introduced the first-ever
India Innovation Index in 2019. A year later, it is safe to say that we are on the right path toward
transforming India into an innovation-driven economy. The index has not only served as a useful
tool for governments to assess the innovation landscape in their states, but has also helped
strengthen competitive federalism and create synergies between different stakeholders in the
innovation ecosystem.
The second edition of the index will allow states to continue to evaluate their innovation
environment and assess their progress. The division of innovation into two dimensions, namely
innovation capabilities (Enablers) and innovation outcomes (Performance) will give the states a
better perspective for identifying the critical focus areas. To facilitate policymaking, the index also
highlights the challenges present in the way of improving innovation in the country and creates a
distinction between issues that can be tackled at the national and state levels.
I hope the second edition of the index continues to foster a competitive spirit among the states,
and enables them to learn from their peers.
I congratulate the Science and Technology Vertical of NITI Aayog for its effort in bringing out
the index. My compliments to the Central Ministries/Departments, the states’ Nodal Officers, the
Confederation of Indian Industry, and our knowledge partner, Institute for Competitiveness, for
their contribution in developing the India Innovation Index 2020.
DR. RAJIV KUMAR
VICE-CHAIRMAN
Phones : 23096677, 23096688
Fax : 23096699
E-mail : vch-niti@gov.in
डॉ. राजीव कुमार
उपाध्य�ॎ
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद मागर्
नई �दल्ली-110001
MESSAGE
Government of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street
New Delhi-110 001
(Dr. Rajiv Kumar) The rich cultural history of the Indian Subcontinent is dotted with illustrative instances of a dynamic past in
the fields of mathematics, science, arts, architecture, and metallurgy, to name a few. Much of this glorious
past is accredited to the ideas that were developed in the very heart of this soil, which were new at the time,
but led India to prosperity. A millennium hence, India continues ahead with the same determination to chalk
out a new destiny in the manner it wants.
In the 21st century, technology and science have played an indisputable role in helping India address the
challenges of droughts, poverty and hunger, among others. Innovation has been instrumental in ushering
in the Green, White, and Blue revolutions, and bringing millions out of poverty, generating livelihood
opportunities, and paving the way for a young and self-reliant nation.
The pandemic has confronted us with unprecedented challenges. We must use science and technology to
address these grave issues. But first, we must create a conducive culture, and reorient our education system
to encourage young minds to think out of the box. Policy interventions such as Atal Innovation Mission strives
to create a platform that not only generates new ideas, but also helps in making them more accessible to
help resolve societal challenges.
The India Innovation Index depicts the innovation landscape of the country at the sub-national level. It
portrays the innovative capabilities of the States, highlighting their strengths, which can be replicated in
others, and weaknesses, which can be rectified. It will also help states to assess their own capacities in
identifying areas that have the potential to boost the development of innovation-led entrepreneurship and
attract start-ups and hi-tech companies.
India’s innovation journey has been strictly restricted to certain regions that have been privileged with
economic growth and have a legacy of industrialization. This index, in the spirit of cooperative and
competitive federalism, will allow the sharing of good practices between States/UTs, to widen and replicate
the innovation landscape across the country, especially in the parts that have the potential to become hubs
of innovation. But most importantly, this index will help other important stakeholders to assess these areas
of the innovation landscape, and the value they holds for businesses so they can partake in this innovation
journey.
सदस्य
Member
Tele : 23096566, 23096567
Fax : 23096603
E-mail : vk.saraswat@gov.in
डॉ. वी. के. सारस्वत
DR. V.K. SARASWAT
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद मागर्
नई �दल्ली-110001
MESSAGE
Government of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street
New Delhi-110 001
(Dr. V.K. Saraswat)
Member, NITI Aayag MESSAGE
Innovation is at the forefront of India’s “Make in India” and “Aatmanirbhar Bharat” initiatives. The
aim is not only to make in India but also to innovate in India and transform the Indian economy.
With the thrust from innovation, India can scale-up its manufacturing and develop its export
competitiveness.
The ongoing pandemic has impacted nearly every aspect of life. It has, however, also created
significant new growth opportunities. As countries and firms around the world reevaluate
their manufacturing and trade strategies, India can serve as the economic engine of the world,
considering the inherent competitive advantages that it possesses.
The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) 2020, which will be announced soon, will
reorient priorities, sectoral focus and strategies of science, technology and innovation efforts
in the country. The focus is also to revisit and re-energize how research is conducted and
technologies are developed/deployed, targeting socio-economic progress and welfare.
Another major step in this direction is the release of the second edition of the India Innovation
Index. Building on the previous edition, which was released in 2019, the current index provides a
comprehensive framework to examine the sub-national innovation ecosystem across India. The
index’s learning can be useful for formulating policies and devising strategies at both the state
and the national levels. The index benchmarks the performance of the states and union territories
against their peers, to better understand the reasons for differential performance and the areas of
strengths and weaknesses.
I hope that the India Innovation Index 2020 can help the country in recognizing the key areas
of developmental intervention, with innovation as the central driver for growth. NITI Aayog
will continue to take such initiatives that play a significant role in promoting cooperative and
competitive federalism.
I congratulate the entire Science and Technology team at NITI Aayog, and the various Central
Ministries and Departments, for their efforts in bringing out this new index. I also compliment the
knowledge partner, the Institute for Competitiveness, for its invaluable contribution to the study.
Amitabh Kant
मुख्य कायर्कारी अिधकारी
Chief Executive Officer
अिमताभ कांत
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, संसद मागर्
नई �दल्ली-110001
Government of India
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Aayog, Parliament Street
New Delhi-110 001
Tel. : 23096576, 23096574 Fax : 23096575
E-mail : ceo-niti@gov.in, amitabh.kant@nic.in
(Amitabh Kant) NEERAJ SINHA
ADVISER (S&T)
नीरज ि सन्हा
सलाहकार (िव. एवम् प्रौ.)
MESSAGE
भारत सरकार
नीित आयोग, नीि त भवन
संसद मागर्, नई �दल्ली-110001
NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA
NITI Bhawan
Parliament Street, New Delhi-110 001
Telefax : 91-11-23096795
E-mail : npsa@nic.in
Website : http://www.niti.gov.in
In 2019, NITI Aayog, in collaboration with the Institute for Competitiveness, had embarked upon
a journey to develop a comprehensive tool for benchmarking the innovation ecosystem of the
country. The release of the second edition of the India Innovation Index, in these trying times, is a
testament to the Government of India’s continued commitment toward transforming the country
into an innovation-driven economy.
The index intends to create an environment where innovation factors are under constant re-
evaluation. The framework is designed in a way to distinguish between the inputs and outputs
of innovation. Five Enablers pillars capture the aspects of a conducive environment, while two
Performance pillars demonstrate the innovation results. It is expected that, over the years, the
index will evolve with the refinement of the indicators and improvement of the methodology.
The index aims to perform two objectives: first, to rank the states and the union territories based
on their relative performance, and second, to empower them to improve their innovation policies
by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The methodology of the ranking is designed in a
way that the states can draw lessons from the national leaders in innovation. Hopefully, this will
lead to a healthy competition amongst the states and the union territories, thereby catalysing
development and fostering competitive federalism.
The India Innovation Index 2020 is a collaborative effort, and there are many who have made
valuable contributions toward the success of this edition. The Science and Technology (S&T)
Vertical of NITI Aayog thanks all the relevant Ministries and Departments, and the knowledge
partner — the Institute for Competitiveness — for their support.
The S&T Vertical is indebted to the Vice-Chairman, Member (S&T) and Chief Executive Officer,
NITI Aayog, for their constant guidance and encouragement, without which this edition would not
have been possible.
It is hoped that the India Innovation Index 2020 will prove to be a potent tool for all the states and
union territories in their collective journey to make India an innovation-driven economy.
(NEERAJ SINHA) Dr. Amit Kapoor |
Honorary Chairman
Over the last decade, India has laid a policy emphasis on innovation as a growth strategy. The
fact that India has been instrumental in the development of the COVID-19 vaccine validates the
success of this policy focus. As we enter a new decade and explore ways of recovering from the
shock of a pandemic, it has become even more crucial to strengthen the economy’s innovative
capacity. The second edition of the India Innovation Index has been compiled keeping these new
realities in mind.
The study’s objective is to provide policymakers and other key stakeholders with a comprehensive
assessment of the spatial dynamics of the innovation ecosystem of India. It offers insights into
how Indian states can achieve the dual goals of economic and social development by focusing on
the innovation landscape. The findings from the study can also be used to identify the challenges
that persist across regional economies in maximizing their innovative capacities and provide
solutions to address them. The focus on regional economies becomes pertinent when it comes
to innovation since the level of development and industrial base vary significantly across Indian
states.
The 2020 edition of the index builds upon its maiden edition with the addition of new indicators
for a more robust assessment of the innovation ecosystem. The current set of indicators have
evolved as a result of extensive deliberations on possible means to better capture the innovation
landscape. For instance, R&D expenditure by the state governments has been added to better
understand the regional disparities in investment toward innovation.
I am grateful to NITI Aayog, who gave the Institute for Competitiveness the opportunity to take
this important body of work forward. I could never hope to name all those who have helped us,
but I would like to highlight the following individuals for their contributions. I would like to thank
Dr. Rajiv Kumar, Dr. VK Saraswat, Shri Amitabh Kant and Shri Neeraj Sinha for their guidance and
feedback.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support of my team at the Institute for Competitiveness,
including Harshula Sinha, Sreetama Basu, Jatin Nair, Aniruddh Duttaa, Adya Behera, Manisha
Kapoor, and Chirag Yadav in preparing this report.
I am certain that the study will enable change in India’s innovation landscape by helping the states
in identifying areas of strengths and weaknesses.
(Amit Kapoor)
U 24 / 8, DLF Phase 3, Gurgaon _ 122 002, Haryana, India
www.competitiveness.in | amit.kapoor@competitiveness.in | +91 9810402639 14India Innovation Index 202M
PREFACE
India’s vision of becoming a $5-trillion economy is intricately
linked with an innovation-oriented approach to economic
growth. In this present crisis-hit world, while most countries
are looking inward, India should use this opportunity to build
its innovative capabilities to meet future global demands by
producing a range of novel products, services, and processes.
Historically, economic crises often tend to curb the innovative
tendencies of a nation. For instance, post the Great Depression,
the United States of America witnessed a fall in the number of
both individual and firm-based patents, which took decades to
recover.
However, in the present scenario, India could avoid such an
outcome as the nation is fully prepared to usher in a new era of
innovation and development. Driven by ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’
and ‘Make in India’ initiatives, there is a strong push to empower
the local manufacturing sectors that would, in turn, contribute
to the production of innovative products at economical rates.
Along with improving the scale of production, India has also
aimed at enhancing its research capacities by introducing the
new Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2020. These
measures will play a crucial role in enabling the innovative
capacity of the country.
The India Innovation Index is a reliable benchmark that will
highlight the impact of the above measures at a sub-national
level. The first edition of the index has managed to guide and
support policymakers in improving local innovation ecosystems.
This drive to enhance the innovative tendencies has resulted in 15India Innovation Index 202M
India breaking into the top 50 nations of the Global Innovation
Index 2020, with the World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO) declaring India as one of the leading innovation
achievers of 2019-20 in the central and southern Asian region.
It is expected that the second iteration of the index will help
in providing detailed insights into and a vivid picture of the
innovation ecosystem at both the national and sub-national
levels. This would support in transforming India into an
innovation-driven economy, thereby cementing its position as
an emerging global leader. 16India Innovation Index 202M
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
The last edition of the India Innovation Index, released in
October 2019, was a first-of-its-kind metric for assessing the
innovation capabilities of Indian states and union territories.
Since then, India, and the world, have undergone a tectonic shift
due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With the pandemic triggering
an economic shutdown, the role of innovation to revitalize the
economy, has never been more important.
The 2020 edition builds on the previous year’s methodology
by introducing more metrics to provide a more holistic outlook
of the Indian economy. The framework is updated to include
globally considered parameters for measuring innovation, such
as the percentage of GDP spent on research and development,
while keeping them specific to the Indian economy.
The India Innovation Index is the outcome of extensive research
and analysis for evaluating India’s innovation readiness at
a sub-national level, highlighting the obstacles that deter
governments, businesses, and individuals from fully capturing
the benefits of innovation. The report broadly consists of four
thematic sections—the first talks about innovation and its
ability to drive economic growth; the crucial role it plays in
not only facilitating the country’s recovery but also sustaining
competitiveness during these times. Apart from this, a
comparison is drawn between India and select economies on
various parameters to give an idea of how the country fares
globally.
The next section lays out the unique framework of innovation
and the methodology used to calculate the index, followed
by key findings and rankings. Karnataka has maintained its
top position among the Major States, while Maharashtra has
leapfrogged Tamil Nadu to occupy the second place. Telangana,
Kerala, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and
Punjab complete the top ten in that order. Among Union
Territories and North-Eastern and Hill States, Delhi and Himachal 17India Innovation Index 202M
Pradesh occupy the top spots respectively. This section also
captures trends and provides a detailed analysis of various
factors that drive innovation at the country, state and pillar
level. It is hoped that these analyses will help policymakers
in identifying the catalysts and inhibitors of innovation at the
national and sub-national levels.
The third section provides learnings and recommendations
at the national and state level for policymakers to ponder on.
Also included are profiles of all the states and union territories,
providing a comprehensive snapshot of each region’s current
innovation landscape. Finally, the last section of the report
consists of detailed data tables for all the framework indicators,
along with sources and definitions.
The study aims to help relevant stakeholders track the regional
progress on innovation ecosystems and inform policy choices
that can address the identified gaps. 18India Innovation Index 2020 19
Preface
Executive Summary
Introduction
What is Innovation?
The Need to Innovate
India vs the World
India Innovation Index
India Innovation Index: Key Findings
Profiles of States
Efficiency of Innovation
Evolution of States
Learnings and Recommendations
The Way Forward
Appendix
CONTENTS
14
16
21
25
29
31
37
55
87
233
237
241
245
249 20India Innovation Index 2020
Table 1: India’s performance on the Global Innovation Index33
Table 2: Measures of India Innovation Index40
Table 3: Index calculation steps43
Table 4: India Innovation Index Framework44
Table 5: Alpha Values50
Table 6: KMO Values51
Table 7: Ranking Comparison239
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Research and Development Expenditure as percentage of GDP in 2018-1933
Figure 2: National R&D Expenditure and its percentage share of GDP (estimated)34
Figure 3: Researcher per million inhabitants, 2018-1934
Figure 4: National Research and Development Expenditure, 2017-1835
Figure 5: Sectoral distribution in R&D expenditure across countries in 2018-1936
Figure 6: Country-level Analysis of India Innovation Index56
Figure 7: Correlation between states’ GDP and innovation scores59
Figure 8: Regional mapping of Human Capital scores66
Figure 9: Indicator scores under Human Capital68
Figure 10: Regional mapping of Investment scores69
Figure 11: Indicator scores under Investment71
Figure 12: Regional mapping of Knowledge Workers scores72
Figure 13: Indicator scores under Knowledge Workers73
Figure 14: Regional mapping of Business Environment scores75
Figure 15: Indicator scores under Business Environment76
Figure 16: Regional mapping of Safety and Legal Environment scores78
Figure 17: Indicator scores of Safety and Legal Environment Indicators 79
Figure 18: Regional mapping of Knowledge Output scores81
Figure 19: Average scores of Knowledge Output Indicators82
Figure 20: Regional mapping of Knowledge Diffusion scores84
Figure 21: Average scores of Knowledge Diffusion Indicators85
Figure 22: Efficiency in Innovation of Indian States234
Figure 23: Efficiency in the innovation of Indian states compared with National Average235
Figure 24: Efficiency in Innovation of Indian states based on innovation tiers236
Figure 25: Comparing top-ranking states across pillars.243
Figure 26: Comparing low-performing states across pillars.243
Note: All images are for representation purpose only 21India Innovation Index 2020
01
Throughout history, the
need to innovate has
been central to economic
development for any
nation. But with the
COVID-19 pandemic,
innovation has become
even more pertinent for the
world as a driver of growth.
Introduction 22India Innovation Index 2020
Man is by nature a social animal. And yet, modern technology
has been able to revolutionize human interactions significantly.
This unprecedented surge in technological advancement is
known as the fourth industrial revolution for its ability to make
significant changes to economy and society within a short
span of time. The depth of this revolution lies in its speedy
permeation across different regions and income groups, due
to the globally intertwined nature of nation-states. This global
connectivity, spurring from the strongest wave of globalization
in the 20th century, has paved the way not only for the free
flow of capital and persons, but also for the exchange of ideas
in a truly transnational sense. But with the aid of modern
technology, this wave of globalization has helped materialize
these ideas into products and utilities in real time, helping both
businesses and society.
However, globalization has its own set of challenges. Not
all sections of society have benefited from the promises of
globalization and it has widened economic inequalities and
social cleavages over time. This discontent has manifested in the
form of restriction of cross-border flow of capital and labour, in
order to protect the domestic from the social, economic, and
cultural invasion of the global. But what happens when borders
are actually shut, and there is a restricted flow of capital and
labour? As COVID-19 spread across the world, nations sealed
borders overnight and went into lockdown to combat the
spread of the virus. While the pandemic has resulted in the loss
of lives, it has not dampened the human spirit. The development
of vaccines in a record 18-month period is a miraculous
achievement, and a testimony to the global connectivity
that has enabled the exchange of ideas, data and relevant
information from across the world. The cooperative competition
in the process of vaccine-development highlights the significant
role played by institutions across states, markets and society in
envisaging innovation in times of crisis. While affecting various
sectors of the economy in negative ways, such crises often
catalyse innovation and productivity. With conditions that are
specifically unique to the crisis at hand, it encourages leaders
and innovators to pave the way for such unique changes by
creative problem-solving. The development of an indigenous
supply-chain for manufacturing Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) kits in six weeks is an exemplification of this creative
problem-solving, through innovation.
During the onset of COVID-19 in March 2020, India was faced
with the tough challenge of keeping the pandemic under
control. At the time, India heavily relied on importing healthcare
equipment, testing kits, body overalls and masks from countries
By improving our
innovation landscape,
we can not only employ
and empower this labour
force, but also embrace
a gender-inclusive
approach. 23India Innovation Index 2020
such as China. With a growing number of
cases, a demand estimate prepared by the
Empowered Group headed by Dr. Vinod
Kumar Paul (Member, NITI Aayog) calculated
that more than 20 million PPE kits and 40
million N-95 masks would be needed by July
2020, translating to almost 20,000 PPE kits
and 400,000 N-95/FFP-2 class masks per day.
The Ministry of Textiles, under the “Vocal for
Local” initiative of the Government of India,
with support from the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, was able to create an end-
to-end indigenous supply chain set-up to
manufacture PPE kits as per WHO standards in
six weeks. The Indian PPE market, the second
largest in the world now, is expected to reach
beyond Rs 7.8 billion by the end of 2020, with a
compounded annual growth rate of 19%. More
importantly, this initiative has not only helped
healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients but
has also been a source of livelihood for low-
income individuals, small-scale manufacturers,
and textile companies (Kapoor and Goyal,
2020). The manufacturing of PPE kits during
the COVID-19 pandemic is a testament to the
fact that the innovative spirit can be furthered
at every level of society, with the support
of institutions across the state, market, and
society.
India enjoys a crucial competitive advantage
in the world, with its demographic dividend.
Theoretically, this demographic dividend
occurs when the proportion of the working
population within the total population is high,
which implies that more people have the
potential to be productive and contribute to
the economic growth of the country. As much
as 70% of India’s population is below 30 years
of age, as compared to the older population
of China, Japan and the US. According to
Mukherjee, Bajaj and Gulati, 2019, utilizing this
demographic dividend is however dependent
on India addressing its declining labour force
participation rate (LFPR). This essentially
implies that while India has a potentially high
working-age population, it is not necessarily
contributing to the economy. In fact, India also 24India Innovation Index 202M
has one of the lowest female LFPRs in the world. The key to harnessing this competitive advantage
lies in defining and expanding India’s innovative capabilities, by improving its innovation
landscape that can not only employ and empower this labour force but can also be gender-
inclusive in its approach.
The India Innovation Index 2020 examines the existing innovation landscape in India. In a
diverse country such as India, it must be understood that its innovative capabilities significantly
vary across different states and union territories. Through this index, the goal is to identify the
strengths and weaknesses of the Indian innovation landscape, that could provide an impetus to
different stakeholders to encapsulate these insights into decision-making. 25India Innovation Index 2020
02
02
Innovation is the
creation, development
and implementation of
a new product, process
or service, with the aim
of improving efficiency,
effectiveness or
competitive advantage.
What is
innovation? 26India Innovation Index 2020
The term ‘innovation’ invokes a sense of
originality, as it strives to improve the
mundaneness of everyday life. Innovation
essentially paves the way to creatively improve
the standard of living and satisfy the needs of
consumers.
The spirit of innovation by itself is not new,
for the virtue of curiosity that has mothered
the values of innovation is intrinsic to the
spirit of humanity. The earliest literature
on innovation can be traced back to Adam
Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes
of the Wealth of Nations, which explores
the role played by innovators in leading
technological improvements in factories and
society. However, it was Joseph Schumpeter
who accorded innovation the centrality in its
role of pushing economic growth and industry
transformation. Schumpeter conceptualized
innovation as “the introduction of new or
significantly improved products, processes,
organization methods, and marketing
methods in internal business practices or
the marketplace.” Under the wave theory
proposed by him, Schumpeter highlighted the
evolution of technologies in different phases
of industrialization and business cycles.
But to limit innovation to merely its ability
of industrial transformation posits a narrow
understanding, for its essence lies in its
basic value of generating, accepting, and
implementing new ideas, processes, products,
or services (Nair, Guldiken, Fainshmidt, and
Pezeshkan, 2015). Innovation permeates into
society and state, as both formal and informal
institutions evolve with changes in societal
interactions, culture, communication, and even
education structures, especially in this digital
era. But this relation is symbiotic, as changes
in society, economy, and the polity also play a
role in driving innovation.
Innovation is, thus, not only a process limited
to particular firms or industry, but is rather
a multisectoral process involving various
actors, institutions and organizations from 27India Innovation Index 2020
Interestingly, the
innovation ecosystem
is run by two parallel
economies, commercial
and research. While
fundamental research is
the key driver of research
economy, commercial
economy is primarily
driven by the marketplace. 28India Innovation Index 2020
the realm of the state, market and society. This large framework, dubbed as an “innovation
ecosystem”, works with the larger goal of driving and enabling an environment that is conducive
for innovation and technological advancement. The innovation ecosystem runs on both material
capital, such as funds, equipment, facilities, as well as human capital, which makes up the various
institutional actors and entities participating in the ecosystem. Interestingly, the innovation
ecosystem is run by two parallel economies, commercial economy and the research economy.
While fundamental research is the key driver of research economy, commercial economy is
primarily driven by the marketplace. This changes the manner in which innovation is understood,
pursued and even incentivized by different actors in the innovation ecosystem. While a firm
pursues innovation to expand its market presence, the state has to imbibe innovation with the
larger goals of economic growth and development in mind, and invest accordingly.
According to Michael Porter, the world’s foremost thinker on modern strategy, innovation is a key
component in the characterization of development strategy. The first stage of this development
strategy is factor-driven, wherein the competitive advantage is based exclusively on endowments
of labour and natural resources. In the second stage, which is investment-driven, the efficiency
of producing standard products and services becomes the dominant source of competitive
advantage. The focus of investment-driven economies is on manufacturing and outsourced
service exports. The wages in this stage are higher, but these economies are susceptible to
external sector-specific demand shocks. The third stage, which is innovation-driven, can produce
innovative products and services at the global technology frontier using the most advanced
methods, which becomes the dominant source of competitive advantage. At this stage, the
national business environment is characterized by the presence of deep clusters. Clusters become
critical motors, not only in generating productivity but also in encouraging innovation at the
global level. Institutions and incentives supporting innovation are also well developed, increasing
the efficiency of cluster interaction. Companies compete with unique strategies that are often
global in scope and invest strongly in advanced skills, the latest technology, and innovative
capacity.
An economy that is steered by innovation across all sectors also requires a conducive innovation
ecosystem, which is inclusive and sensitive to the aspirations and needs of the country. An
innovation-driven economy can thus be India’s key to cement its position as an emerging world
leader. 29India Innovation Index 2020
02
03
The need to innovate
is intrinsic for a
healthy economy to
harbour the spirit of
competition.
The need to
innovate 30India Innovation Index 2020
An attempt to understand the way different nation-states grow and prosper had led Adam Smith,
the father of modern economics, to write his treatise An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations. This enabled a traditional understanding of generating wealth as output (O), a
function of capital (K) and labour (L), which has dominated much of classical economics.
However, an increase in labour and capital could not entirely account for economic growth. As
Robert Solow pointed out in 1957 it was the technological change that in fact enhanced the
efficiency and productivity of factors of production such as labour and capital. Technological
change, thus, became a crucial factor that was added to this explanation.
Solow’s model on economic growth assumed perfect competition, constant returns to scale and
complete absence of externalities, wherein technological change was taken to be exogenous.
However, in 1986 Paul Romer challenged this assumption and argued that technology was a result
of explicit efforts in research and development (R&D), and human capital (HC).
Thus, economic growth was no longer defined through merely labour and capital, but rather
through aspects that directly influenced these factors of production such as research and
development, and human capital. Both R&D and human capital thus sought investment that could
further enhance a country’s economic growth. Innovation thus became a part of this new recipe
for the growth and prosperity of a nation.
The need to innovate is intrinsic for a robust economy in order to harbour the spirit of
competition. Through the medium of competition, different firms can utilize resources such as
land, labour and capital that has the power to create value through new products. The aspiration
of innovation can thus drive firms to increase their productivity and efficiency, thereby achieving
growth. And it is this ushering in of new ideas in material form that drives social and economic
transformation.
Q = f(K,L)
Q = A f(K,L)
A = f(R&D, HC) 31India Innovation Index 2020
02
04
The world economy
has changed with
the onset of the
fourth industrial
revolution.
India vs
the World 32India Innovation Index 2020
The post-liberalization economy in India witnessed rapid
growth, owing to the structural reforms initiated to attract
foreign investment and encourage competition in India’s
buoyant domestic market. Spearheading this process was
the National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship
Development Board (NSTEDB), established in 1982, and the
National Innovation Foundation (NIF) in 2000, both set up
under the aegis of the Department of Science and Technology,
Government of India. While NSTEDB was at the forefront
of promoting science and technology parks and incubators
through technology-based companies, NIF focused on
strengthening the evolution, sustenance, and diffusion of
grassroots innovation. The first annual innovation competition
in 2000, organized by NIF, received more than 1600 entries, with
the winning innovations including a bicycle made from bamboo
and a water pulley that allowed women to rest while drawing
water from a well (Nair, Guldiken, Fainshmidt, and Pezeshkan,
2015).
The innovation agenda has been furthered in recent times
through Atal Innovation Mission, DST-NIDHI’s PRAYAS
(PRomoting and Accelerating Young and ASpiring technology
entrepreneurs), Digital India, and Startup India. These initiatives
have encouraged the entrepreneurial spirit while enabling
access to the requisite resources to harness this youthful
energy. The goal has been to make innovation a part of India’s
policy agenda, in order to develop and strengthen the existing
innovation ecosystem that drives positive impact.
Standing at the 30-year mark of the economic reforms of 1991,
this milestone urges one to question the way the spirit of
innovation has been absorbed in the Indian economy. India has
made tremendous strides in the research and technology space,
but to ascertain how it performs at the global level is crucial to
shape the future aspirations of this young nation.
The Global Innovation Index (GII) is a joint collaborative effort
between the WIPO, Cornell University, and INSEAD that annually
ranks the innovation performance of more than 130 economies.
As of 2020, India’s rank as the 48th innovative nation is
a testament to the improvements made in its innovation
ecosystem. Additionally, India ranks the highest amongst central
and southern Asian countries and is a new entrant to the Top
3 innovation economies among the lower-middle-income
group nations with Vietnam and Ukraine. The significance of
this consistent progress is evident when compared to the 2015
rankings, wherein India occupied the 81st position.
While truly living up to
the spirit of grassroots
innovation, the world
economy has changed
with the onset of
the fourth industrial
revolution, decidedly
changing the way firms
function in the modern
world. 33India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 1 shows that India spends around 0.7% of its GDP on research and development, which
is much lower than the top spenders, such as Israel (4.95%), South Korea, Sweden, and Japan.
This relative ranking puts India at par with other developing countries, such as Mexico, and much
ahead of countries in the South and West Asian region. However, India lies below other BRICS
nations in terms of the percentage of GDP spent on R&D.
Table 1:
Figure 1:
Year GII Score GII Rank Total Countries
2015 31.7 81 141
2016 33.6 66 128
2017 35.5 60 127
2018 35.2 57 126
2019 36.58 52 129
2020 35.6 48 131
Research and Development
R&D Expenditure as
Percentage of GDP in 2018-19
Source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics, June 2020
0
Israel
South Korea
Sweden
Japan
Austria
Germany
Denmark
United States
Belgium
France
United Kingdom
Canada
UAE
Brazil
Russia
India
Mexico
Pakistan
1
2
3
4
5
4.95
4.81
3.33
3.26
3.17
3.09
3.06
2.83
2.82
2.2
1.7
1.56
1.3
1.2
0.98
0.64
0.31
0.23
India’s performance on the Global Innovation Index 34India Innovation Index 2020
However, in absolute terms, the Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) has consistently risen over the
years, tripling from Rs 39,437.77 crores in 2007-08 to Rs 1,13,825.03 crores in 2017-18, as shown
in Figure 2. For the year 2018-19, GERD in India is estimated to be Rs. 1,23,847.70.
Another important aspect of R&D is the number of personnel engaged in the process of research
itself. This involves the conception and creation of new knowledge, processes, methods, or
systems, and the management of projects, which form a crucial part of research and development.
As per Figure 3, countries such as Denmark, Sweden, and South Korea have a higher share
of researchers in relation to their population. In comparison, India has a much lower share of
researchers per million inhabitants.
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
National R&D Expenditure and
its Percentage with GDP
Research Per Million Inhabitants in 2018-19
Source: Research and Development Statistics at a Glance 2019-20, Department of Science and
Technology, Government of India
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, June 2020
130000
R&D as % of GDPR&D Expenditure
0.86
0.90
120000
0.82
110000
0.78
100000
0.74
90000
0.70
80000
0.66
70000
0.62
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
R&D Expenditure (Rs. crores)
GERD as Percentage of GDP
00.60
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2005-06
2010-11
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19*
2011-12
South Korea
Sweden
Japan
Austria
Germany
Denmark
Belgium
France
United
Kingdom
UAE
Russia
India
8065.88
7980.39
7536.47
5733.07
5331.15
5211.87
5023.26
4715.31
4603.31
2784.33
2738.88
252.7 35India Innovation Index 2020
In India, the gross expenditure on R&D is primarily driven by the government. According to Figure 4,
the central government holds the largest share at 45% of the total expenditure in 2017-18, followed
by state governments at 6.4%. The business sector accounts for 41% of the total share in R&D
expenditure, which is led by the private sector at 37% and public sector industries at 5%. The higher
education sector stands at almost 7%.
India’s break-up of GERD stands in contrast with other countries, wherein it is the business sector,
dominated by private enterprises, that lead the expenditure as shown in Figure 5. Countries such
as Israel have 88.26% participation of business enterprises in the country’s R&D expenditure, and
the United States has 72.57%. Countries that do share a higher level of government spending
in R&D are Russia at 34.43% and UAE at 25.42%. Most of the European countries have a higher
participation of the higher education sector in the research space, such as France, Germany,
Austria, Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In the case of Canada, the higher education
sector contributes 41.73% of the R&D expenditure but sees low participation of the government.
In India, central agencies such as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO),
Department of Space (DoS) take up the majority share at 31.6%, and 19% respectively.
Figure 4:
National R&D Expenditure
by Sector, 2017-18
Source: Research and Development Statistics at a Glance 2019-20, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
Central
Government
Higher
Education
Public Sector
Industry
State
Government
Private Sector
Industry
45%
7%5%
6%
37%
R&D
Expenditure 36India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 5:
Sectoral Distribution in R&D Expenditure
across Countries in 2018-19
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, June 2020
Israel
South Korea
Sweden
Japan
Austria
7.14
9.50
6.90
3.00
12.50
13.46
56.11
1.53
7.75
34.43
10.07
3.63
25.42
6.11
10.36
69.82
70.54
50.90
64.27
65.41
68.82
36.79
88.26
79.42
55.59
80.29
70.88
61.93
69.13
72.58
22.44
19.38
41.73
32.43
20.50
17.72
7.10
9.30
11.5
9.68
8.22
25.38
12.66
22.54
12.85
0.55
0.59
0.47
0.30
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.91
0.91
0.30
1.41
0.11
0.00
2.22
4.21
Germany
Denmark
United
States
Belgium
France
United
Kingdom
Canada
UAE
Russia
Federation
India
100
Private Non-Profit
90
Higher education
80706050
Business Enterprise
403020100
Government 37India Innovation Index 2020
This section provides
the methodology
followed to assess the
innovation capacities
and performance of
Indian states.
India
Innovation
Index
05 38India Innovation Index 2020
The objective of the India Innovation Index is to scrutinize
the innovation capacities and performance of Indian states.
The index provides an extensive framework for the constant
evaluation of the innovation ecosystem of the 28 Indian states
and 9 union territories. The index intends to accomplish the
following three functions:
The framework has been shaped post discussions with experts
in the domain of index creation and innovation. The consensus
was to include input and output as the main dimensions for the
index. Further, five inputs and two output pillars were created
consisting of indicators that enable and epitomize innovation in
India.
The India Innovation Index measures innovation inputs through
‘Enablers’ and innovation output as ‘Performance.’
Human Capital
Knowledge
Output
Investment
Knowledge
Diffusion
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Workers
• Rank all states and union territories based on their index score
• Identify opportunities and challenges
• Assist in modifying governmental policies to foster innovation
Five Enablers pillars
capture elements of
the state economy
that act as inputs
for the innovation
environment
Two Performance
pillars depict the
performance 39India Innovation Index 2020
Each pillar comprises relevant indicators. These indicators were carefully selected to ensure a
fair and accurate analysis of their respective pillars. The indicators cover both macroeconomic
(government) and microeconomic (private enterprise) aspects, by considering firms’ capabilities to
innovate as well as their activities and overall impact on innovation. Furthermore, this framework
is an improved edition of the index as it incorporates new indicators and has a modified
methodology for some indicators to capture accurate results.
There is a difference between the inputs and outputs while gauging innovation in an economy.
Inputs are variables that enable an economy to stimulate innovation while outputs are the outcomes
of innovative activities within the economy. The India Innovation Index considers both Enablers
(inputs) and Performance (outputs) as they are intricately related, and one drives the other.
• Enablers are the factors that reinforce innovative capacities, such as institutions and policies,
human capacity, infrastructure, technological adoption, and business markets and capital.
Enablers pillars define aspects of the environment instrumental in fostering innovation within a
State/UT. Together these pillars measure the degree to which a state has created an environment
conducive to innovation.
• Performance captures the benefits that a nation derives from the inputs in terms of knowledge
creation, competitiveness and wealth generation. This sub-index provides the results of
innovation within a State/UT.
The India Innovation Index intends to help in better understanding of a state’s innovation
ranking and relative performance. It incorporates key indicators relating to seven pillars that can
be used to understand the performance of a state with regard to innovation capabilities. The
pillar performance rankings can also serve to identify key areas where a state is under or over
performing.
• The India Innovation Index relies on two dimensions, ‘Enablers’ and ‘Performance’, and
within each dimension are pillars (see Figure1).
Four measures are calculated
• Enablers Score: Five input pillars capture elements of the economy that enable innovative
activities.
• Performance Score: Innovation outputs are the results of innovative activities within the
economy. Although this dimension includes only two pillars, it has the same weight in
calculating the overall Innovation scores as the Enablers dimension.
• The overall Innovation Score: The overall Innovation score is the simple average of the two
dimensions.
• Innovation Efficiency Ratio: This is the ratio of the two scores. It indicates the state’s ability
to efficiently leverage its investments and infrastructure to produce successful innovation
output.
Categorizing Inputs and Outputs
Conceptual
Framework 40India Innovation Index 2020
Table 2:
Measures of India Innovation Index
• The index consists of two dimensions, Enablers and Performance, and within each dimension
are pillars - distinct but related concepts that together make up each dimension.
• Human Capital: The level and quality of education and research capability are important
determinants of the innovation capacity of that region. This pillar tries to gauge the
human capital of the states through five key indicators. Human resources of a country are
a significant factor in the development of innovative ideas. Therefore, it is crucial to have
good-quality institutions of learning and R&D centres. A static, stagnant education system
cannot support innovation. An environment that encourages to ask critical questions is
the one that can foster innovation. The mere gathering of information is not sufficient, it is
far more crucial to see what one does with that information garnered in school. Investing
in education leads to long-term benefits by improving human capacity and, in turn, the
innovation capabilities of a nation.
• Investment: Public and private funding gauges the financial standing of a state and the
amount it spends on R&D. The ability to attract public and private funds sustains the
unparalleled capacity of individuals and organizations in the state to engage in the most
forward-looking R&D efforts. Access to financial institutions and investors willing to support
entrepreneurial ventures and business expansion are vital to encourage innovative business
activities. An efficient market is the one that ensures ready access to credit for business and
a steady flow of foreign direct investment (FDI).
• Knowledge Workers: Businesses strengthen their productivity, competitiveness, and
innovation potential through the employment of highly skilled professionals. This pillar tries
to capture the level of business sophistication to gauge how conducive the firms are to
innovation activities.
Pillars
Pillars
Indicators
per pillar
Indicators
per pillar
Indicators
Indicators
5 =
=
2
3-6
4-6
25
11
Enablers
Performance
Innovation Score = Average of Enablers and Performance Score
Enablers Score = Average of first five Pillars
Performance Score = Average of two Pillars 41India Innovation Index 2020
• Further, the indicators were selected considering the state of the Indian economy, for instance,
the fact that India is dominated by low-cost or frugal innovations, has been captured by
incorporating the number of grassroots innovations.
• Business Environment: Nurturing an environment that attracts business and enables
growth by providing good governance and the correct levels of protection and incentives
is essential to innovation. This pillar assesses the business environment in Indian states by
considering the ease of doing business ranking and governmental technological adoption.
The Business Environment Pillar expands on aspects that affect private entrepreneurial
endeavours and also measures the ability of the state to provide a supportive environment
for innovation.
• Safety and Legal Environment: Governments that enact and enforce open and fair
procedures, regulate markets efficiently, protect property rights, and lower the burden of
regulations are more likely to see higher levels of innovative entrepreneurial activity.
• Knowledge Output: As companies and individuals invest in R&D and develop innovative
products and services, their appeal increases across markets. This, in turn, benefits the
region through enhanced competitiveness. The objective of adding variables like number
of patents and trademarks filed is to capture the fruits of innovation. The scientific and
technological output is reflected by the number of scientific articles published.
• Knowledge Diffusion: This pillar reflects the degree to which a state can develop and
apply knowledge to increase the value-added components in products and services, as well
as a more general move toward an innovation-driven economy. Knowledge Output pillar
manifests itself particularly in hi-tech and manufacturing exports, commercialization of
intellectual property, handicraft, handloom and Geographical Indications sales in the states.
This pillar reflects the extent to which the state’s economy has grown from been resource-
driven to innovation driven. 42India Innovation Index 2020
The Index is calculated for the Indian states. India comprises twenty-eight states and nine union
territories, which are further sub-divided into districts and cities. The scope of this project covers all
the twenty-eight states and nine union territories.
1
For a country as large as India where her states have been divided based on language, their
geographical sizes are highly varied. The size of state of the Uttar Pradesh, for instance,
approximately matches that of the United Kingdom as a whole. On the other hand, the state of
Sikkim measures just 65 km by 115 km in size; approximately the size of the nation of Switzerland.
Union territories, which have been formed for administrative ease are even smaller.
Given the difference in geographical sizes of Indian states and union territories, comparing them
without spatial segregation introduces complexities. This is because the states vastly differ in terms
of innovative capacities, and policy implications for large states are different from small ones. The
states and union territories have thus been classified into three categories: Major States; NE and
Hill States; and UT and City States. These regions are categorized based on the area, as spatial
homogeneity across states makes for fair comparison for innovative capacity.
It must be noted that due to the aforementioned challenges of comparability across regions, the
state of Goa has been incorporated into the category of “UT and City States” despite being a state as
per the Indian Constitution. The north-eastern and hill states from northern India have been clubbed
under the same category due to their geographical similarities. Also, this year, Jammu and Kashmir is
categorized under “UT and City States” rather than “NE and Hill States”.
Geographic
Coverage
Major StatesNE and Hill States UT and City States
Andhra PradeshArunachal Pradesh Andaman & Nicobar Islands
BiharAssamChandigarh
ChhattisgarhHimachal Pradesh Dadra & Nagar Haveli
GujaratManipurDaman & Diu
HaryanaMeghalayaDelhi
JharkhandMizoramGoa
KarnatakaNagalandJammu & Kashmir
KeralaSikkimLakshadweep
Madhya PradeshTripuraPuducherry
MaharashtraUttarakhand
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
States Categorization
1
The data for the union territory of Ladakh is included in Jammu and Kashmir due to lack of availability of separate data. 43India Innovation Index 2020
The indicators for index were selected following discussions with NITI Aayog. Furthermore, the
credibility of sources, expert feedback, and data availability were also considered. All the data used
in the index was compiled from government sources, or from sources endorsed by NITI Aayog.
This year’s India Innovation Index framework builds on its previous edition while incorporating
newly available data for a more holistic assessment of innovation in India. The following three
indicators have been added to this year’s framework:
• National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)
• Expenditure on R&D (state government)
• New businesses registered
Detailed information on the indicators is available in Appendix A. A detailed table with data
availability for each indicator is available in Appendix B. The final framework has been presented in
Table 4.
After this, a descriptive analysis was performed on the selected set of indicators. A descriptive
analysis can inform decisions on which variables to include in the analysis, and highlight data
management issues, such as coding of variables and missing values (Vyas and Kumaranayake,
2006).
Calculating the India Innovation Index involves a multistage process, which has been depicted in
Table 3 and outlined below.
Index
Calculation
Table 3:
Index calculation steps
Indicator selection
and data collection
Dealing with
missing values
Dealing with
missing values
Data
transformation
Data
transformation
01 02
05 0304
Indicator Selection
and Data Collection 44India Innovation Index 2020
Table 4:
India Innovation Index Framework
Performance
Enablers
• Enrolment in PhD.
• Enrolment in engineering and
technology
• Colleges connected through NMEICT
• Higher education institutions with
NAAC grade A and above
• Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education
• Schools with ICT labs
• National Achievement Survey (NAS)
Scores (Class X)
• Grassroot innovations
• Patent applications filed
• Trademark applications filed
• Presence of start-ups
• Industrial design applications filed
• New businesses registered
• Publications
• Expenditure on higher and
technical education
• Expenditure on research
and development (state
government)
• Expenditure on science,
technology and
environment
• FDI inflow
• Venture capital deals
• ICT exports
• High and medium hi-tech
manufacturing entities
• Geographical Indications
(GI) registered
• Citations
• Knowledge-intensive
employment
• NGOs involved in
knowledge intensive areas
• Private R&D units
• State funded R&D units
• Ease of doing business
ranking
• Online services transactions
• Internet subscribers
• Incubator centres
• Common facility centres
• Cluster Strength
• Information Technology/
Intellectual Property
related acts
• Cyber crime police
stations
• Pendency of court cases
Human Capital
Knowledge
Output
Investment
Knowledge
Diffusion
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment 45India Innovation Index 2020
This edition of the index
is an improvement on
the existing framework
by incorporating new
indicators and modified
methodology for some of
the indicators to capture
accurate results. 46India Innovation Index 2020
To address the problem of missing values, the worst possible value was assigned to the indicator
for the state in question. This implies that positive indicators were given a value of zero, and
negative indicators were awarded the value of the worst-performing state.
There were a few indicators where updated data was not available. In such cases, the data was used
from the previous edition of the index. The issue was experienced for the following indicators:
• Venture capital deals
• Private R&D units
• State-funded R&D units
• High and medium hi-tech manufacturing entities
The union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, and Lakshadweep are missing
data for the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the computation of this data the per capita
GDP of India was multiplied with the state/union territory population to arrive at an estimate.
(source: GSDP Central Statistical Organisation, Population Census 2011).
Dealing with
Missing Values
Indicator/Dimension Missing Value Estimation
ENABLERS
Enrolment in engineering and technology
The union territory of Lakshadweep is missing value for enrolment in engineering and technology. Zero was used to impute missing data.
Enrolment in PhD Enrolment in PhD data is not available for the following union territories: Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, and Lakshadweep.Zero was used to impute missing data.
National Achievement Survey (NAS) scores
Modern language scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya and West Bengal.English scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Mathematics scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Science scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Social Studies scores are missing for the following states: Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.Zero was used to impute the missing value.
Expenditure on science, technology, and environment
For the following union territories, expenditure on science, technology and environment data is not available for any year: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, and Lakshadweep.And for 2016-17 and 2017-18, the data for Bihar is also not available.Zero was used to impute missing data for all the above states. 47India Innovation Index 2020
Expenditure on research
and development (State
govt.)
For the following states and union territories, expenditure on
research and development data is not available for any year:
Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Goa, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli,
Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and Puducherry
Zero was used to impute missing data for all the above states.
FDI inflows Data for Lakshadweep is not available for FDI inflow indicator.
Zero for each year was used to impute the missing value.
Knowledge-intensive
employment
Data for knowledge-intensive employment is not available for the
state Mizoram and union territory of Lakshadweep as Annual Survey
of Industries (ASI) does not cover these regions.
Zero was used to impute the missing value
Internet subscribers in the
state
Number of internet subscribers data is missing for the union
territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra &
Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep.
The all-India average was used to impute the missing values.
Cluster Strength Data for Cluster Strength is not available for the following states:
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and
Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute the missing values
Pendency of court casesPercentage pendency of court cases was missing for the states of
Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland and union territories of Puducherry
and Lakshadweep.
The all-India highest value was used to impute the missing value.
PERFORMANCE
Patents filed from stateData for patents filed from state rates is not available for
Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute missing data.
Trademark applications
filed
Data for patents filed from state rates is not available for
Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute missing data.
Industrial design
applications filed
Industrial designs applications data is missing for the following states
and union territories: Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,
Sikkim, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute missing data.
Geographical Indications
(GI) registered
Data for Geographical Indications (GI) registered is not available
for the following states: Jharkhand, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,
Chandigarh and Lakshadweep.
Zero was used to impute the missing values 48India Innovation Index 2020
All the indicators in the final set are modified so that a greater value means a higher score for
the state. For instance, the pendency of court cases will have an adverse impact on the index.
Therefore, transformations are applied to make its impact positive. The list of the inverted
indicators is available in Appendix C.
In addition, for the case of FDI inflow into states, combined data was available for several state
and union territories. To resolve this issue, the FDI data was proportionately distributed among the
states by weighing the combined inflow as per their GDP share.
Data
Transformation
As all the indicators are measured in different units, it is important to standardize them so that
they become comparable. Otherwise, a variable that has relatively less variance but is measured on
a larger scale as compared to other variables may appear to have much greater variation than it
actually does. Standardization helps to solve this problem by making all the indicators unitless as it
rescales using a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
Standardization 49India Innovation Index 202M
The indicator selection process includes those that best describe the concept of the pillars and
are conceptually linked to each other. The rigor of the India Innovation Index methodology is
strengthened by assessing multiple aspects of fit between those indicators. First, the exploratory
factor analysis is used to test the underlying factors among the set of selected indicators in each
pillar. In this process, the indicators that are statistically incompatible are removed.
Furthermore, the India Innovation Index methodology involves evaluating the fit between the
individual indicators by calculating Cronbach’s alpha for each pillar. Alpha was developed by Lee
Cronbach in 1951 to provide a measure of the internal consistency of a test or scale; it is expressed
as a number between 0 and 1 (Tavakol & Dennick 2011). Internal consistency describes the extent
to which all the items in a test measure the same concept or construct and hence it is connected to
the inter-relatedness of the items within the test. Internal consistency can be employed for research
or examination purposes to ensure validity. An applied practitioner’s rule of thumb is that the alpha
value should be above 0.7 for any logical grouping of variables (Cortina, 1993).
The alpha values are presented in Table 5.
Evaluating
the Fit 50India Innovation Index 2020
Table 5:
Dimension PillarALPHA
Enablers Human Capital0.78
Investment0.76
Knowledge Workers0.67
Business Environment0.79
Performance Safety & Legal Environment0.43
Knowledge Output0.84
Knowledge Diffusion0.76
Cronbach’s alpha values for Safety and Legal Environment (0.43) are significantly lower. We
acknowledge this shortcoming, but despite various attempts, we could not improve the pillar’s
performance.
The India Innovation Index uses the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for calculating the weights of indicators within a pillar.
2
The pillar values are calculated by summing up the weighted scores
using the following formula:
A complete list of indicator weights is available in Appendix D.
The last step of determining the pillar score involves transforming the values to a 0 to 100 scale.
This is done by calculating the scores using the best and worst-case scenario in addition to the
regional dataset. The best and worst-case scenario are the actual best, and worst-case values from
the dataset are considered.
See Appendix E for the worst and best-case scenarios.
This method enhances comparability as well as comprehensiveness across the dataset.
The calculation is done using the following formula:
Where, Xj represents the raw pillar values.
Aggregation
Pillar
s
= ∑ (w
i
* indicator)
(Xj-Worst Case)
(Best Case-Worst Case)
2
Principal Component Analysis is a multivariate technique which was developed in early 20
th
century for the purpose of aggregating
information. In economics, the method has been applied to the studies of cointegration and spatial convergence (Harris 1997, Drakos
2002), development (Caudill, Zanella and Mixon 2000), panel data (Bai 1993, Reichlin 2002), forecasting (Stock and Watson 2002),
simultaneous equations (Choi 2002) and economics of education (Webster 2001). Factor analysis uses variances to produce communalities
between variables and the goal is to remove the common variance. (Yong and Pearce 2013).
Alpha Values 51India Innovation Index 2020
Table 6:
Dimension PillarALPHA
Enablers Human Capital0.65
Investment0.67
Knowledge Workers0.62
Business Environment0.66
Performance Safety & Legal Environment0.54
Knowledge Output0.72
Knowledge Diffusion0.62
Dimension
d
= 1/i ∑ Pillar
c
India Innovation Index = 1/2 ∑ Dimension
d
3
The statistic is a measure of the proportion of variance among variables that might be common variance.
Each dimension score is taken to be a simple average of its pillars. The rationale being the absence
of any theoretical or empirical proof to weigh any of the pillars higher than the others.
The two dimensions (i.e. Enablers and Performance) are believed to reflect equally important
aspects of innovation. Therefore, while calculating the index no priority has been given to any
dimension. Equal weights have been assigned to each of them to highlight their roles.
After calculating each pillar, the goodness of fit is evaluated using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)
measure of sampling adequacy.
3
The KMO index ranges from 0 to 1, as a rule of thumb, KMO
scores should be above 0.5 (Williams, Onsman, and Brown 2010). The results of this analysis are
shown in Table 6. The KMO of all the pillars are above the set standards.
I=5 or 2
Dimension Scores
Index Scores
The absolute scores are unable to distinguish states on the basis of their economic development. In some cases, it is more insightful to compare a state’s performance with its economic peers. For instance, a state may score low on certain aspects, but its performance could exceed the scores for states with similar income levels. On the other hand, a high-income state may have a high absolute score on a pillar but still fall short of what is typical for comparably wealthy states.
Relative
Performance of States
KMO Values 52India Innovation Index 202M
For this reason, the India Innovation Index developed a methodology to assess the state’s strengths
and weaknesses on a relative rather than on an absolute basis.
Scorecards are used to depict the relative performance. The state-level scorecards portray a state’s
detailed absolute and relative analysis. They are color-coded to highlight relative strengths and
weaknesses. Red indicates performance below the peer group mean; yellow indicates performance
consistent with the peer group; green depicts relative strength.
To determine the relative strength and weakness of a state, the first step is to identify a peer group.
We define a state’s economic peers as 10 states closest in GDP. We then calculate mean innovation
scores for the peer group (overall, and by dimension, pillar, and indicator). A state’s performance
is then compared to its peer group’s mean innovation scores to identify its relative strengths and
weaknesses. Strength is a performance significantly greater than the mean score, while a weakness
is a performance significantly lower than the mean score. Neutral performance is neither strong nor
weak, but within the same range as the economic peers. Significance is determined by a score that
is greater than or less than the average absolute deviation from the mean of the comparator group.
The India Innovation Index 2020 framework calculates scores to access the innovation ecosystem across Indian states and union territories. The 2020 edition presents changes in the rankings over time.
It is important to understand that the scores and rankings are not directly comparable from
one year to another. Several factors affect the scores each year. Therefore, inferences about the
performance of the states and union territories based on a year-on-year ranking can be misleading.
Each year’s ranking reflects the relative positioning of a particular state or union territory based on
the conceptual framework and data coverage, for that given year, also reflecting changes in the
underlying indicators at source and in data availability.
Some factors that influence the scores and ranking every year are:
• The performance of the state or union territory
• Changes in the India Innovation Index framework
• Data source changes and treatment of missing values
• Movement of states and union territories across state categorization
Year-on-year
comparison between scores 53India Innovation Index 2020
It is important to
understand that the scores
and rankings are not
directly comparable from
one year to another. There
are a number of factors that
affect the scores each year.
Therefore, inferences about
the performance of the
states and union territories
based on a year-on-year
ranking can be misleading. 54India Innovation Index 2020
The India Innovation Index 2020 framework consists of 36 indicators, which includes hard data (32
indicators) and composite indicators (4 indicators). Following is the list of composite indicators in
the framework:
• Ease of Doing Business Ranking
• Cluster Strength
• Publications
• Citations
Technical
Notes
India Innovation Index 2019AdjustmentIndia Innovation Index 2020
State government expenditure on higher and technical education
Methodology change: Three-year average
Expenditure on higher and technical education
Expenditure on science, technology and environment
Methodology change: Three-year average
Expenditure on science, technology and environment
Ease of Doing Business: Implementation score
Indicator changed at sourceEase of Doing Business ranking
Number of industrial clustersReplacedCluster strength
Number of cyber and social media monitoring cells
Indicator changed at sourceCyber-crime police stations
Pendency of court cases (2-5 years)
Methodology change Pendency of court cases (10 years and above)
Number of publications Methodology change Publications
Number of citations Methodology change Citations
Changes in India Innovation Index 2020 framework
Composite Indicators 55India Innovation Index 2020
This section outlines
interesting insights
to help understand
the innovation
landscape of the
country.
India Innovation
Index: Key
Findings
06 56India Innovation Index 2020
The India Innovation Index is a combination of two dimensions
—Enablers and Performance—with seven pillars and 36
indicators between them. The findings from the index provide
some interesting insights that would help in understanding the
innovation landscape of the country at both national and sub-
national levels.
The country-level analysis offers a macroscopic view
of the Indian innovation ecosystem. The analysis presents an
overview of the country’s strengths and weaknesses on the
innovation front, which can help appraise policies, strategies and
related action plans at the national level.
Indian states have achieved an average score of 23.4 in the
Innovation Index that ranges from a scale of 0 (worst-case
scenario) to 100 (best-case scenario). The score shows that India
has immense scope for improvement in the space of innovation,
but it needs to be put into perspective by analysing the factors
making up the score.
The level of innovation in a country can be determined by its
innovation capabilities and the outcome of leveraging those
capabilities, which are categorised as Enablers and Performance
Figure 6:
Country-Level Analysis of India
Innovation Index
The country’s innovative
capabilities are mostly
carried by its Safety and
Legal Environment (60.3)
and Human Capital (score
of 42.3), while Investment
scores the lowest at 10.9.
Country-Level
Analysis
Scores
50
60
40
30
20
10
0
InnovationEnablersPerformance
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Knowledge
Diffusion 57India Innovation Index 2020
The rapid rise of the
IT industry since
liberalisation saw a
corresponding rise in the
number of engineering
and technology institutes
in the country, which
can also explain the high
innovation capabilities of
the country in terms of its
human capital.
in the index, respectively. The Innovation score of 23.4 is an
aggregation of the Enablers score of 29 and the Performance
score of 17.9. A score of 29 on the Enablers dimension
shows the level of India’s innovation capabilities, which are
measured by the five pillars of Human Capital, Investment,
Knowledge Workers, Business Environment, and Safety and
Legal Environment. Delving deeper shows that the country’s
innovative capabilities are mostly carried by its Safety and Legal
Environment (60.3) and Human Capital (score of 42.3), while
Investment scores the lowest at 10.9.
The robust and agile cybersecurity ecosystem in India could
be one of the reasons behind the high score for Safety and
Legal Environment. India’s National Cyber Security Policy 2013,
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), National
Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC),
and the National Cyber Security Coordinator together ensure
secure cyberspace for businesses and innovators. Evidently,
India was ranked 23rd above 164 countries in the UN’s Global
Cybersecurity Index (GCI) in 2017. Additionally, the enabling
policy framework and initial incentives that fostered the growth
of the Information Technology and IT-enabled Services (ITeS)
industry have also contributed toward creating an encouraging
environment for innovation in the country. With its huge young
population, India also does not fall short of a talent pool.
The sustained expansion in the higher education sector over
the decades implies a rise in skilled labour in the economy.
Further, the rapid rise of the IT industry since liberalisation
saw a corresponding rise in the number of engineering and
technology institutes in the country, which can also explain the
high innovation capabilities of the country in terms of its human
capital.
However, the Performance score of 17.9 falling below Enablers
indicates that the innovation capabilities of the country are
not utilised to their optimum level. For example, despite the
high number of engineering graduates in the country, their
low employability in the knowledge economy results in a level
of Knowledge Output and knowledge diffusion that does not
correspond with the level of human capital available to be
leveraged for innovation. Besides the deficiency in knowledge
workers, the low expenditure in R&D, higher education, science,
technology and environment, and the lack of venture capital
investment also thwart innovation in India. 58India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi scores the highest at
46.6 while Lakshadweep
finishes last with a score
of 11.7, leading to a score
range of 34.89.
State-Level
Analysis
The Indian states display a wide range of scores on the index. Delhi scores the highest at 46.6
while Lakshadweep finishes last with a score of 11.7, leading to a score range of 34.89. To ensure
a fair comparison, states have been categorised under three segments, viz. NE and Hill States, UT
and City States, and Major States. The first two categories are segregated
from the rest of the Indian states (or Major States) due to their geographical categories, varied
sizes and administrative capabilities.
Amongst the Major States, the average innovation score is 25.35. Karnataka tops at 42.5,
which is attributable to its strong number of venture capital deals, registered GIs and ICT
exports. Karnataka’s high FDI inflow has also enhanced the innovation capabilities of the state.
Maharashtra follows second at 38, while Bihar finishes last at 14.5. The case for the southern
states as the top performers has also become stronger as four of them occupy the top-five spots
within the Major States.
The NE and Hill states achieve an average innovation score of 17.89, with Himachal Pradesh
as the best performer with a score of 25, followed by Manipur (22.77) and Sikkim (22.28),
respectively. With 31.9% of its total employment generated being knowledge-intensive, Himachal
Pradesh benefits from a high number of knowledge workers. Another characteristic that boosts
the state’s level of innovation is its industry-friendly policies and incentives, which are reflected in
its high rank (7) in the Ease of Doing Business Index. However, Himachal Pradesh still has a lot of
untapped potential, since the high score gap of 23.4 between Enablers and Performance shows
that its innovation capabilities are not harnessed efficiently.
The innovation score of UT and City States averages at 26.01. Delhi, the best performer among
all groups, naturally tops the ranking in the group of union territories as well. Chandigarh follows
second with a score of 38.57, whereas Lakshadweep and Jammu and Kashmir occupy the last
two positions in the group respectively. Having recorded the highest number of trademark and
patent applications, along with the establishment of new start-ups and companies in the last
financial year, the national capital has managed to deliver superior results in the domain of 59India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Output. Delhi’s performance is attributable to its
conducive business environment, especially in terms of internet
penetration, which is the highest in the country. The national
capital also has 202.71 internet subscribers per 100 population.
Interestingly, many of the high-scoring states score higher on
Performance than on Enablers, suggesting that their innovation
output surpasses their ability. On the other hand, low-scoring
states reveal a pattern of scoring better on Enablers than on
Performance, suggesting that they are not able to translate
their innovation abilities into the desired outcome. It is
especially the case with NE and Hill States, for whom the gap
between the average Enablers score and the Performance score
is the highest at 21.41.
The innovation scores also show a positive correlation with the Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP), meaning higher economic growth leads to more innovation and vice-versa. Nevertheless,
there are exceptions in the form of states that are underperforming for their level of economic
growth, and therefore have the resources to improve their innovation capabilities and performance.
At the same time, there can be many factors causing high GDP growth for a state, resulting in
innovation efforts taking a backseat. Goa, for example, has a high per capita GDP, higher than Delhi,
despite having an innovation score of 24.92, which is much lower than Delhi’s. It is because Goa’s
large tourism sector contributes immensely to the state’s economy. Hence, it is not a perfectly
linear correlation, but there is a generally positive relationship between the level of innovation in
a state and its economic growth, suggesting that innovation is one of the essential elements for a
prosperous economy.
The innovation scores
also show a positive
correlation with the Gross
State Domestic Product
(GSDP), meaning higher
economic growth leads to
more innovation and vice-
versa.
Figure 7:
Correlation between states’ GDP and innovation scores 60India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor StatesScore
1 KARNATAKA42.50
2 MAHARASHTRA38.03
3 TAMIL NADU37.91
4 TELANGANA33.23
5 KERALA30.58
6 HARYANA25.81
7 ANDHRA PRADESH24.19
8 GUJARAT23.63
9 UTTAR PRADESH22.85
10 PUNJAB22.54
11 WEST BENGAL21.69
12 RAJASTHAN20.83
13 MADHYA PRADESH20.82
14 ODISHA18.94
15 JHARKHAND17.12
16 CHHATTISGARH15.77
17 BIHAR14.48
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI46.60
2 CHANDIGARH 38.57
3 DAMAN & DIU 26.76
4 PUDUCHERRY 25.23
5 GOA24.92
6 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
22.74
7 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
18.89
8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 18.62
9 LAKSHADWEEP 11.71
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 HIMACHAL PRADESH 25.06
2 UTTARAKHAND 23.50
3 MANIPUR22.78
4 SIKKIM20.28
5 MIZORAM16.93
6 ASSAM16.38
7 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
14.90
8 NAGALAND 14.11
9 TRIPURA12.84
10 MEGHALAYA 12.15
Innovation: 61India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 KERALA36.97
2 TAMIL NADU 36.57
3 KARNATAKA 34.81
4 MAHARASHTRA 34.71
5 ANDHRA PRADESH 33.14
6 HARYANA32.59
7 TELANGANA 31.00
8 PUNJAB30.03
9 GUJARAT29.28
10 CHHATTISGARH 25.76
11 RAJASTHAN 25.70
12 MADHYA PRADESH 25.40
13 JHARKHAND 22.63
14 ODISHA20.93
15 WEST BENGAL 18.25
16 UTTAR PRADESH 16.53
17 BIHAR14.43
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 SIKKIM38.98
2 MANIPUR37.32
3 HIMACHAL PRADESH 36.28
4 UTTARAKHAND 29.68
5 MIZORAM27.79
6 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
27.46
7 NAGALAND 26.11
8 TRIPURA23.37
9 ASSAM19.75
10 MEGHALAYA 19.23
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 CHANDIGARH 41.52
2 DELHI40.08
3 GOA39.76
4 PUDUCHERRY 34.83
5 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
30.16
6 JAMMU & KASHMIR 26.83
7 DAMAN & DIU 26.63
8 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
26.63
9 LAKSHADWEEP 21.70
RankMajor States Score
1 KARNATAKA 50.19
2 MAHARASHTRA 41.35
3 TAMIL NADU 39.25
4 TELANGANA 35.47
5 UTTAR PRADESH 29.18
6 WEST BENGAL 25.13
7 KERALA24.20
8 HARYANA19.03
9 GUJARAT17.98
10 ODISHA16.94
11 MADHYA PRADESH 16.24
12 RAJASTHAN 15.96
13 ANDHRA PRADESH 15.25
14 PUNJAB15.05
15 BIHAR14.53
16 JHARKHAND 11.60
17 CHHATTISGARH 5.78
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 UTTARAKHAND 17.31
2 HIMACHAL PRADESH 13.85
3 ASSAM13.00
4 MANIPUR8.23
5 MIZORAM6.08
6 MEGHALAYA 5.07
7 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
2.35
8 TRIPURA2.32
9 NAGALAND 2.11
10 SIKKIM1.58
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI53.12
2 CHANDIGARH 35.62
3 DAMAN & DIU 26.89
4 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
18.86
5 PUDUCHERRY 15.63
6 JAMMU & KASHMIR 10.41
7 GOA10.09
8 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
7.62
9 LAKSHADWEEP 1.71
EnablersPerformance 62India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 TAMIL NADU 62.80
2 KERALA59.72
3 KARNATAKA 54.27
4 PUNJAB53.09
5 ANDHRA PRADESH 47.43
6 HARYANA47.22
7 MAHARASHTRA 46.43
8 TELANGANA 45.90
9 GUJARAT44.97
10 ODISHA42.10
11 RAJASTHAN 41.65
12 CHHATTISGARH 35.77
13 MADHYA PRADESH 32.70
14 JHARKHAND 23.16
15 BIHAR20.98
16 WEST BENGAL 20.43
17 UTTAR PRADESH 18.23
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 SIKKIM45.76
2 HIMACHAL PRADESH 44.58
3 MIZORAM42.62
4 UTTARAKHAND 41.89
5 TRIPURA40.02
6 MANIPUR40.01
7 NAGALAND 36.01
8 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
35.08
9 ASSAM32.08
10 MEGHALAYA 30.73
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 CHANDIGARH 74.82
2 PUDUCHERRY 72.39
3 GOA55.84
4 DELHI49.81
5 DAMAN & DIU 42.27
6 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
41.32
7 LAKSHADWEEP 38.27
8 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
32.13
9 JAMMU & KASHMIR 31.04
RankMajor States Score
1 KARNATAKA 33.01
2 JHARKHAND 26.05
3 HARYANA16.49
4 MAHARASHTRA 13.04
5 TAMIL NADU 11.43
6 GUJARAT10.81
7 KERALA9.18
8 TELANGANA 7.90
9 MADHYA PRADESH 7.47
10 CHHATTISGARH 6.15
11 UTTAR PRADESH 5.21
12 PUNJAB5.10
13 RAJASTHAN 5.00
14 ANDHRA PRADESH 4.10
15 ODISHA3.24
16 WEST BENGAL 2.98
17 BIHAR2.49
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 MANIPUR41.18
2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
33.66
3 SIKKIM13.53
4 HIMACHAL PRADESH 10.49
5 MIZORAM10.00
6 UTTARAKHAND 7.01
7 NAGALAND 6.76
8 ASSAM5.44
9 MEGHALAYA 3.93
10 TRIPURA2.29
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI19.72
2 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
18.70
3 GOA13.43
4 JAMMU & KASHMIR 12.99
5 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
7.91
6 CHANDIGARH 6.62
7 LAKSHADWEEP 5.53
8 DAMAN & DIU 3.42
9 PUDUCHERRY 1.43
Human CapitalInvestment 63India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 MAHARASHTRA 22.81
2 KARNATAKA 22.58
3 GUJARAT21.16
4 ANDHRA PRADESH 20.86
5 TELANGANA 16.22
6 TAMIL NADU 16.09
7 HARYANA15.57
8 KERALA15.34
9 PUNJAB9.86
10 MADHYA PRADESH 8.36
11 RAJASTHAN 8.25
12 WEST BENGAL 7.33
13 UTTAR PRADESH 6.75
14 ODISHA5.66
15 CHHATTISGARH 4.28
16 BIHAR3.51
17 JHARKHAND 2.77
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 HIMACHAL PRADESH 36.86
2 SIKKIM32.67
3 MANIPUR29.87
4 UTTARAKHAND 22.62
5 MEGHALAYA 10.92
6 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
7.77
7 NAGALAND 6.58
8 TRIPURA6.22
9 ASSAM5.69
10 MIZORAM1.02
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 GOA33.52
2 CHANDIGARH 30.04
3 DELHI28.35
4 PUDUCHERRY 20.17
5 JAMMU & KASHMIR 16.84
6 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
13.11
7 DAMAN & DIU 9.81
8 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
1.18
9 LAKSHADWEEP 0.00
RankMajor States Score
1 KERALA37.12
2 TAMIL NADU 31.84
3 ANDHRA PRADESH 30.06
4 MAHARASHTRA 29.26
5 GUJARAT26.87
6 UTTAR PRADESH 26.35
7 TELANGANA 26.16
8 KARNATAKA 24.43
9 WEST BENGAL 20.16
10 HARYANA18.96
11 RAJASTHAN 17.21
12 CHHATTISGARH 15.17
13 MADHYA PRADESH 14.79
14 PUNJAB14.20
15 JHARKHAND 11.63
16 ODISHA8.94
17 BIHAR5.17
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 HIMACHAL PRADESH 22.91
2 UTTARAKHAND 14.83
3 ASSAM9.41
4 MIZORAM4.57
5 NAGALAND 4.36
6 MEGHALAYA 4.33
7 TRIPURA4.09
8 MANIPUR4.04
9 SIKKIM3.73
10 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
2.78
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI39.72
2 GOA36.90
3 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
23.72
4 LAKSHADWEEP 15.47
5 DAMAN & DIU 14.90
6 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
13.47
7 CHANDIGARH 10.03
8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 9.99
9 PUDUCHERRY 8.18
Knowledge Workers Business Environment 64India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor StatesScore
1 PUNJAB67.91
2 CHHATTISGARH67.46
3 HARYANA64.69
4 MADHYA PRADESH63.66
5 KERALA63.46
6 ANDHRA PRADESH63.24
7 MAHARASHTRA62.01
8 TAMIL NADU60.68
9 TELANGANA58.81
10 RAJASTHAN56.40
11 JHARKHAND49.54
12 ODISHA44.71
13 GUJARAT42.59
14 WEST BENGAL40.35
15 BIHAR40.02
16 KARNATAKA39.75
17 UTTAR PRADESH26.09
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 SIKKIM99.20
2 MIZORAM80.73
3 NAGALAND76.86
4 MANIPUR71.52
5 HIMACHAL PRADESH66.54
6 TRIPURA64.22
7 UTTARAKHAND62.04
8 ARUNACHAL PRADESH58.02
9 MEGHALAYA46.26
10 ASSAM46.15
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 CHANDIGARH86.11
2 PUDUCHERRY71.97
3 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI66.52
4 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS65.87
5 JAMMU & KASHMIR63.31
6 DELHI62.80
7 DAMAN & DIU62.75
8 GOA59.09
9 LAKSHADWEEP49.25
Safety and Legal Environment 65India Innovation Index 2020
RankMajor States Score
1 MAHARASHTRA 34.57
2 TELANGANA 28.22
3 KARNATAKA 28.13
4 TAMIL NADU 25.77
5 HARYANA22.85
6 UTTAR PRADESH 21.37
7 KERALA17.86
8 WEST BENGAL 17.76
9 GUJARAT17.07
10 PUNJAB16.65
11 MADHYA PRADESH 13.74
12 BIHAR13.41
13 RAJASTHAN 12.85
14 JHARKHAND 12.60
15 ODISHA10.82
16 ANDHRA PRADESH 9.35
17 CHHATTISGARH 6.00
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 UTTARAKHAND 18.04
2 HIMACHAL PRADESH 14.39
3 MANIPUR13.97
4 ASSAM10.28
5 MIZORAM8.02
6 MEGHALAYA 4.35
7 ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
4.07
8 TRIPURA4.01
9 NAGALAND 2.36
10 SIKKIM2.31
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI82.83
2 CHANDIGARH 55.10
3 DAMAN & DIU 43.48
4 DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI
19.96
5 PUDUCHERRY 19.21
6 GOA18.39
7 ANDAMAN &
NICOBAR ISLANDS
15.23
8 JAMMU & KASHMIR 8.90
9 LAKSHADWEEP 3.43
RankMajor States Score
1 KARNATAKA 72.26
2 TAMIL NADU 52.73
3 MAHARASHTRA 48.12
4 TELANGANA 42.71
5 UTTAR PRADESH 36.98
6 WEST BENGAL 32.51
7 KERALA30.54
8 ODISHA23.06
9 ANDHRA PRADESH 21.14
10 RAJASTHAN 19.07
11 GUJARAT18.90
12 MADHYA PRADESH 18.75
13 BIHAR15.66
14 HARYANA15.22
15 PUNJAB13.46
16 JHARKHAND 10.61
17 CHHATTISGARH 5.55
RankNE and Hill StatesScore
1 UTTARAKHAND 16.58
2 ASSAM15.73
3 HIMACHAL PRADESH 13.31
4 MEGHALAYA 5.79
5 MIZORAM4.13
6 MANIPUR2.48
7 NAGALAND 1.86
8 SIKKIM0.85
9 ARUNACHAL PRADESH
0.62
10 TRIPURA0.62
RankUT and City StatesScore
1 DELHI23.42
2 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
17.76
3 CHANDIGARH 16.14
4 PUDUCHERRY 12.05
5 JAMMU & KASHMIR 11.93
6 DAMAN & DIU 10.31
7 GOA1.79
8 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
0.00
9 LAKSHADWEEP 0.00
Knowledge Output Knowledge Diffusion 66India Innovation Index 2020
Pillar-Level
Analysis
Human Capital
Enablers
Figure 8:
Regional mapping of Human Capital scores
Highest scoring states: Chandigarh, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa
Lowest scoring states: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Meghalaya
Average pillar score: 42.3 67India Innovation Index 2020
Human capital has emerged as the second-best performing
pillar, among both Enablers and Performance, with an average
score of 42.3. Chandigarh emerged as the best performer with
a score of 74.82, owing to the high enrolment rate in PhD
programs and provision of quality education in schools and
colleges. Tamil Nadu scored the highest among the Major States
and Mizoram, among the NE and Hill States. Uttar Pradesh
(18.23) lagged behind the rest of the states, while Meghalaya
finished last among NE and Hill States. The newest union
territory, Jammu and Kashmir performed the lowest among the
UT and City States.
Looking at the distribution of scores across the subcontinent,
southern states have performed well overall. In fact, the more
developed states have predictably done better in human capital
development. The better-performing states are also noted to be
either union territories or high/upper-middle income states.
On the other hand, eastern parts of the country are lagging.
Given the potential workforce and demographic advantage,
there lies tremendous potential in states such as Bihar, West
Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, and thus urgent attention is needed
to enable improvement.
Human capital has been measured on the basis of seven
indicators, namely enrolment in PhD programs; enrolment
in engineering and technology, colleges connected through
the National Mission on Education through Information and
Communication Technology (NMEICT); higher education
institutions with National Assessment and Accreditation
Council (NAAC) grade A and above; pupil-teacher ratio (higher
education), schools with ICT labs and National Achievement
Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X).
Given the potential
workforce and
demographic advantage,
there lies tremendous
potential in states such
as Bihar, West Bengal and
Uttar Pradesh, and thus
urgent attention is needed
to allow improvement. 68India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 9:
Indicator scores under Human Capital
Among all pillars under Human Capital, the states have
performed the best on NAS scores (Class X), wherein the
average NAS score achieved by all states is 35.66. There is also a
low variance in scores seen among the states. The income-level
in a state also plays a major role as pupils belonging to middle
and higher-income groups are more likely to be studying in
private schools and having access to better learning options
outside of school. States ensuring good quality of education in
government-aided schools can also help raise the NAS score
significantly. Given Delhi’s high-income levels as well as the
landmark transformation of the government school system, the
national capital reported the highest NAS score (44.73). Since
the quality of education is also a function of the pupil-teacher
ratio, it was the second best-performing indicator under Human
Capital.
On the other hand, the pillar score was weighed down by the
low number of higher education institutions ensuring high-
quality education, wherein only 3.37% of the institutions had
a NAAC grade A and above. With 40.74% of institutions in
Chandigarh having grade A and above, the state topped the
ranking in that particular indicator. Enrolment in engineering
and technology also showed a drop across India, albeit
disproportionately. Data shows students enrolled in engineering
and technology programs are concentrated in southern parts
of the country, whereas the figures are low in the North-Eastern
states, which instead perform better in PhD enrolment rates.
Given Delhi’s high income
levels as well as the
landmark transformation
of the government school
system, the national
capital reported the
highest NAS score (44.73).
Colleges connected
through NMEICT
Higher education institutions with
NAAC grade A and above
NAS Scores (Class X, NCERT)
Pupil-teacher ratio in
Higher Education
Enrolment in Ph.D
Enrolment in Engineering
and Technology
Schools with ICT abs
200604080 100
48.17
12.67
79.70
68.53
29.88
24.29
35.31 69India Innovation Index 2020
Investment is the lowest scoring pillar in the index with an average score of 10.9, suggesting
that the country’s innovation capabilities are restricted heavily by lack of resources. Manipur
emerged as the best performer among all states with a score of 41.18, on the strength of its high
Investment
Figure 10:
Regional mapping of Investment scores
Highest scoring states: Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, DelhiLowest scoring states: Puducherry, Tripura, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha
Average pillar score: 10.9 70India Innovation Index 2020
expenditure on science, technology, and environment and high public expenditure on research
and development. Karnataka was the highest scorer among Major States, and Delhi among UT
and City States. Puducherry ranked at the bottom of the overall ranking; Bihar stood last among
Major States and Tripura among NE and Hill States.
Clearly, only a few states performed better in this pillar. Additionally, the states’ scores on the pillar
do not show any predictable pattern as even the more prosperous states have underperformed in
comparison to their less-developed counterparts, with the exception of Karnataka, which reported
high amounts of FDI inflows and ventures capital deals. Despite having adequate resources to
bring in investment, the majority of high/upper-middle income states’ underperformance on the
pillar is a cause of concern.
Other well-performing states are Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh. While Manipur has excelled in
spending on public R&D and also attracted a significant inflow of FDI, Arunachal Pradesh allotted
the highest proportionate expenditure for science, technology, and the environment. Jharkhand
emerged as an exceptional achiever in this pillar by managing to score better than Maharashtra
and Gujarat, which are considered to be the preferred destinations for investment. The state has
managed to create itself as an attractive FDI destination and has allotted significant amounts of
expenditure toward science, technology, and the environment.
The pillar score is measured on the basis of five indicators, namely expenditure on higher and
technical education, expenditure on research and development (state government), expenditure
on science, technology and environment, FDI inflow, and venture capital deals.
The states’ scores on
the pillar do not show
any predictable pattern
as even the more
prosperous states have
underperformed in
comparison to their less-
developed counterparts,
with the exception of
Karnataka, which reported
high amounts of FDI
inflows and venture
capital deals. 71India Innovation Index 2020
States have performed
relatively better in terms
of expenditure on higher
and technical education,
the benefits of which
have also seemed to carry
over to human capital
development, one of the
higher scoring pillars in
the index.
Figure 11:
Indicator scores under Investment
Since Investment is the lowest scoring pillar, the corresponding
indicators also demonstrate low scores, but the states’
performances are particularly concerning in terms of the volume
of Venture Capital Deals, which are negligible in majority of
the states. Karnataka is the only state to perform well on this
indicator, thanks to its strong start-up ecosystem that is driving
the country’s start-up growth story.
Data also shows low investment in R&D and science,
technology, and the environment, which the states can improve
upon to enhance their innovation capabilities. States have
performed relatively better in terms of expenditure on higher
and technical education, the benefits of which also seem to
carry over to human capital development, one of the higher
scoring pillars in the index. Andaman and Nicobar Islands and
Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as the overperformers in this
area, while states in the mainland underperformed, especially
Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and Rajasthan.
FDI inflow is another area that shows potential for greater
improvement. Although prosperous states like Delhi,
Maharashtra, and Karnataka have performed well on this
indicator, Jharkhand is leading the score. One of the richest
mineral zones in the country, Jharkhand’s high availability of
metals and minerals like steel and coal make it an attractive
destination for investment, thus endowing it with immense
potential to boost its innovation landscape.
Expenditure on Research and
Development (state government)
FDI inflow
Venture Capital Deals
Expenditure on Science, Technology
and Environment
Expenditure on Higher and
Technical Education
200604080 100
8.97
13.05
7.55
10.41
15.97 72India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge workers
Figure 12:
Regional mapping of Knowledge Workers scores
Highest scoring states: Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Sikkim, Chandigarh, Manipur
Lowest scoring states: Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Jharkhand, Bihar
Average pillar score: 14.46 73India Innovation Index 2020
The average score in Knowledge Workers (14.46) is significantly lesser than that in Human
Capital (42.32), indicating a vital gap between educational attainment and employability among
Indian graduates in knowledge-intensive activities. Among all the states, Himachal Pradesh has
performed the best in this pillar, with a score of 36.86, a major part of which is attributable to
its high number of state-funded R&D units. Among the Major States, Maharashtra is the best
performer, and among the UT and City States, Goa secured the highest score. Lakshadweep
finished last with a score of 0, while Jharkhand secured the lowest score among Major States and
Mizoram among NE and Hill States.
The regional mapping of scores shows a fairly visible regional disparity, wherein central and
north-east India have relatively lower scores than the rest of the states. Although they are not the
top scorers, the southern states show greater uniformity in their scores. Major States also do not
have a strong presence in the top states under this pillar. Maharashtra, which is the highest scorer
among Major States, is quite distant from the top-scorer, Himachal Pradesh. Better-performing
states mostly belong to UT and City States and a few of the NE and Hill States. However, the
success of such states must be read with caution as the data is only available for the organized
sector and, therefore, the proportionate presence of knowledge workers can inflate in states
where the presence of the organized sector is lesser in volume. This also makes cross-country
comparisons a major challenge.
Since it is one of the low-scoring pillars, the corresponding indicators also demonstrate low
scores. The pillar is made up of four indicators, namely knowledge-intensive employment,
NGOs involved in knowledge-intensive areas, private R&D units, and state-funded R&D units.
Amongst them, the states have performed relatively better in terms of private R&D units, wherein
0.43 private R&D units per lakh population were reported on average. UT and City States have
performed better than the rest, with Chandigarh at the top (2.27 private R&D units per lakh
population), followed by Delhi and Goa, respectively. However, in terms of state-funded R&D
units, these states have lagged, while Himachal Pradesh has emerged as the relatively better
performer with 0.50 state-funded R&D units per lakh population. It must be noted that the scores
of the bigger and more populous states are lower because of their high population, which deflates
the proportionate number of R&D units vis-à-vis the population.
Figure 13:
Indicator scores under Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment
State-funded R&D units
Private R&D units in the state
NGOs involved in
knowledge-intensive areas
200604080 100
13.82
17.46
19.01
8.79 74India Innovation Index 2020
The low expenditure in R&D and subsequent paucity of resources are bound to restrict businesses
from innovating and further expanding their activities. The low expenditure is also reflected in the
low involvement of NGOs in knowledge-intensive areas. Moreover, graduates of the country face
the issue of poor employability. All these factors result in low knowledge-intensive employment
generation, and the data reflects as much. It is especially concerning in light of India’s better
performance in human capital, which indicates that we are losing out on a lot of innovation
potential by not being able to utilize our human capital toward knowledge work.
The average score in
Knowledge Workers
(14.46) is significantly
lesser than that in Human
Capital (42.32), indicating
a vital gap between
educational attainment
and employability among
Indian graduates in
knowledge-intensive
activities. 75India Innovation Index 2020
India’s average score on the Business Environment pillar is 16.8, with Delhi yielding a score of 39.7,
placing it at the top spot. Kerala (37.1) has emerged as the best performer among Major States,
and Himachal Pradesh (22.9) among NE and Hill States. On the other hand, Arunachal Pradesh
(2.8) finished last overall and among NE and Hill States, Bihar (5.2) among Major States, and
Puducherry (8.2) among UT and City States.
Business Environment
Figure 14:
Regional mapping of Business Environment scores
Highest scoring states: Delhi, Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Andhra PradeshLowest scoring states: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya
Average pillar score: 16.8 76India Innovation Index 2020
The regional imbalance is clearly reflected in this pillar as all the North-east states except Assam
feature at the bottom. Most of these states don’t have any incubation centres or common facility
centres, which means that there is an absence of a business nurturing ecosystem where start-
ups can emerge and fledgling businesses can be provided necessary facilities. Delhi, Goa, Tamil
Nadu, and Kerala are strong performers and positively deviate from the means of their respective
categories.
The pillar score consists of six indicators, namely, the ease of doing business ranking, online
service transactions, internet subscribers, incubator centres, common facility centres, and cluster
strength.
The business environment of the country is particularly held back by the lack of incubator centres
and common facility centres. There is a significant gap between the scores of Major States and
that of the other two categories as the number of incubator centres per lakh of the population
is likely to get inflated in union territories and small states due to their low population. This is
why the range of scores is high, and all the Major States are concentrated at the bottom of the
ranking. As a result, it has brought down the average score on the pillar. Nevertheless, there is still
some room for improvement. As Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups are
already driving the growth engine of the economy, the establishment of more incubator centres
and common facility centres can catapult them to even greater heights.
On the positive side, India has significantly improved its position in the Ease of Doing Business
Index over the last five years, from a rank of 142 in 2014 to 63 in 2019, which it has maintained
in 2020. Hence, relatively better performance is seen in the corresponding indicator. Within the
country, Andhra Pradesh has secured the first rank, and interestingly, many of the historically
backward states have performed better than some of the more developed states. Uttar Pradesh,
Figure 15:
Indicator scores under Business Environment
Cluster Strength
Common facility centres in the state
Ease of doing business ranking
Internet subscribers in the state
Incubator centres in the state
Number of Online Services
transactions
200604080 100
29.22
7.24
40.27
16.98
5.39
14.93 77India Innovation Index 2020
Within the country,
Andhra Pradesh has
secured the first rank,
and interestingly, many of
the historically backward
states have performed
better than some of the
more developed states.
As MSMEs and start-ups
are already driving the
growth engine of the
economy, establishment
of more incubator centres
and common facility
centres can catapult them
to even greater heights.
Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand managed to secure the 2nd,
4th and 5th positions, respectively, which was possible because
they implemented many of the reforms recommended under
the Business Reforms Action Plan, such as the single-window
system, access to information, and practicing transparency,
labour reforms, etc.
India has also performed satisfactorily on cluster strength,
though the North-eastern states and some of the UT and City
States have lagged behind the rest. Endowed with natural
resources, Northeast India holds immense potential for
developing industrial clusters but also faces challenges in the
form of difficult geographical terrains, logistical challenges, and
in-adequate physical and financial infrastructure. Government
of India’s Act East Policy (AEP) has redirected development
efforts in the region, but there is still a lot of ground to cover. In
addition, for the development of clusters, states need to identify
potential areas of growth and handhold existing industries to
help them grow and expand.
In order to make the business environment more conducive,
internet penetration and digital literacy are another areas
that states can improve to ensure better facilitation of digital
activities and online transactions. 78India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment
Figure 16:
Regional mapping of Safety and Legal Environment scores
Highest scoring states: Sikkim, Chandigarh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Puducherry
Lowest scoring states: Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat
Average pillar score: 60.29 79India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment is the highest scoring amongst all the pillars. The country’s average
score stands at 60.29, with 14 states having scored below the national average. The regional
parity of this pillar is visible with most Indian states scoring higher than the national average.
Interestingly, this is the only pillar wherein the positive outliers emerge from three north-eastern
states, and Sikkim. The eastern states of Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar, along with the more
economically prosperous states of Karnataka and Gujarat have scored below the national average.
Uttar Pradesh is the only negative outlier in this mapping, having scored the lowest in this pillar.
The three indicators that determine the pillar’s score are the number of offenses against
Information Technology and Intellectual Property (IT/IP) related Acts, cyber-crime police stations,
and pendency of court cases.
The safety and legal environment of the country has been strengthened with a significantly low
proportion of pending court cases, and a higher number of offenses being registered under
relevant IT/IP Acts. This implies a strong law and order system, which is accessible to businesses
and society and has been used to resolve conflicts. However, a low score in the number of cyber-
crime police stations is troubling, especially with the increasing number of cyber-security attacks
that could potentially threaten the financial security of businesses.
The highest performing states such as Chandigarh, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Puducherry have
performed consistently well across these indicators. Sikkim secured the top position in indicators
such as the highest proportion of cyber-crime police stations, and lowest pendency of court cases.
This further evidences Sikkim as the only positive outlier in the pillar performance.
The performance of the lowest-scoring states, namely Karnataka, Bihar, West Bengal, and
Gujarat, with Uttar Pradesh at the bottom of the score table, cannot be attributed to any single
indicator. In the offenses under IT/IP related acts, Bihar has tied for the top position with the
lowest proportion of such offenses, which can be accrued to low reporting of such cases. Bihar
has, however, scored significantly less in this pillar, attributed to its lowest number of cyber-crime
police stations, and a high proportion of pending court cases.
Figure 17:
Indicator scores under Safety and Legal Environment
Pendency of court Cases
Cyber-crime police stations
IT/IP related acts
200604080 100
73.60
14.41
86.11 80India Innovation Index 2020
Karnataka, on the other hand, has tied for the top position in the number of cyber-crime police
stations. Despite this good performance, Karnataka also has one of the highest proportion of
offenses under IT/IP related Acts, and pending court cases. While the number of offenses can
be justified through higher reporting of such offenses (-9.1), the high pendency of court cases
is a matter of concern and can be a sign of reluctance in seeking legal relief because of its time-
consuming nature. The latter can be a detrimental factor in the innovation landscape.
Major top-performing states, such as Maharashtra, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Telangana do
not feature among the top in this pillar, which is a concern from an investment and business
standpoint. Traditional industrial hubs such as Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal occupy the
last positions in this pillar, which is also a matter of great concern.
In comparison to the 2019 India Innovation Index, the more economically developed regions have
scored below the national average in this pillar. Without a strong safety and legal environment,
which specifically focuses on deterring cyber crime, many emerging businesses and industries will
be discouraged from completely utilizing the resources available in the innovation landscape.
The safety and legal
environment of the
country has been
strengthened with
a significantly low
proportion of pending
court cases, and higher
number of offenses
being registered under
relevant IT/IP Acts. 81India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Output
Performance
Figure 18:
Regional mapping of Knowledge Output scores
Highest scoring states: Delhi, Chandigarh, Daman and Diu, Maharashtra, Telangana
Lowest scoring states: Sikkim, Nagaland, Lakshadweep, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh
Average pillar score: 18.3 82India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Output is one of the two performance pillars having the widest difference between
the highest-scoring state, Delhi (82.82) and the lowest-scoring state, Sikkim (2.31). This pillar also
observes three positive outliers, with union territories such as Delhi, Chandigarh, and Daman
and Diu securing the top positions. While the national average of this pillar stands at 18.23, the
majority of the states fall below this threshold. The north-eastern states, eastern states, and the
heartland region have scored the lowest in Knowledge Output. A comparatively higher score can
be observed in the economically prosperous southern and western states such as Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu.
The following seven indicators determine the Knowledge Output score:
a) Grassroots Innovation
b) Number of Trademark Applications filed
c) Number of Patents applications filed
d) Number of Industrial Design Applications filed
e) Number of Publications
f) Number of Start-ups in the State
g) Number of New Business Registrations
The Knowledge Output in the country can be mainly attributed to new business registrations,
start-ups, publications, and grassroots innovation. This development is an outcome of several
business-friendly policies that have encouraged many to undertake new ventures. The number of
publications is the highest contributing indicator to the pillar score and is indicative of research-
based activities in the domain. However, a significantly low score in the number of industrial-
design applications filed, and trademark applications imply a slow conversion of this research into
industrial products and processes that can be used in practice.
Figure 19:
Indicator scores under Knowledge Output
Number of business Registration
Start-ups in the state
Publications
Industrial-design application filed
Patent application filed
Trademark applications filed
Grassroots Innovation
200604080 100
25.42
23.69
29.44
20.30
9.91
4.55
22.93 83India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi has scored the highest in almost all indicators, with the highest numbers in trademark
applications, patent applications, start-ups, and new businesses registered in the last financial
year. This high score can be accrued to Delhi’s position as the national capital and administration
hub, which allows for the majority of patents and trademarks to be filed.
The other Major States that have also performed well include Chandigarh, Daman and Diu,
Maharashtra, and Telangana. Much of the high scores attained by these states can be attributed
to the good performance across all indicators, barring grassroots innovation. Daman and Diu
has also secured the highest score in the number of industrial design applications filed. This
performance is consistent with the states being major industrial hubs.
NE and Hill States such as Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Nagaland, have performed exceptionally
well in grassroots innovation and have secured the top scores, offering a contradictory trend
as they have not fared well when it comes to research and development expenditure and in
other indicators. With a low frequency of trademark and patent applications, industrial design
applications, start-ups, and new businesses, these states have secured a significantly low score in
Knowledge Output.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands have scored the highest in grassroots innovation and performed
well with new start-ups in the state. However, along with Lakshadweep islands, the states
are negative outliers, having scored the lowest in trademark applications, industrial design
applications and publications.
The knowledge
output in the
country can be
mainly attributed
to new business
registrations, start-
ups, publications
and grassroots
innovation. 84India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Diffusion
Figure 20:
Regional mapping of Knowledge Diffusion scores
Highest scoring states: Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh
Lowest scoring states: Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tripura,
Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim
Average pillar score: 17.6 85India Innovation Index 2020
Knowledge Diffusion reflects a state’s ability to apply knowledge to increase the value-added
components of products and services and in general its aspiration toward an innovation-driven
economy. The pillar also indicates the extent to which a state’s economy has evolved from a
resource-driven to an innovation-driven one. The majority of Indian states, concentrated mostly in
the north-eastern and central parts of the country lie below the national average of 17.6. The top-
scorers in this pillar are the Major States, with three positive outliers, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and
Maharashtra. The performance of other states such as Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal
closely follow suit.
The indicators used for this pillar include hi-tech manufacturing entities, ICT exports, geographical
indications registered, and citations.
Knowledge diffusion across the country has been affected by the low levels of ICT exports and
hi-tech manufacturing entities. It appears that the levels of ICT exports and hi-tech manufacturing
have not permeated uniformly in different regions of the country, beyond the IT hubs. On the
other hand, a much higher score in geographical indications registered implies widened access to
knowledge, especially in the MSME sector. Citations appear to be the highest-scoring indicator in
this pillar, wherein it is indicative of quality research output in higher educational institutions.
Karnataka is the top scorer in this pillar and has the highest score in two indicators with the
highest margin it has a score of 44 at geographical indications registered (whose national average
is 9.66); and a score of 13.54 at ICT Exports (wherein the national average is 1.14). Tamil Nadu and
Maharashtra have performed more consistently, with Tamil Nadu securing the top position in the
number of citations, followed by Maharashtra. Both states are among the top performers in GI
registrations and ICT exports.
Figure 21:
Indicator scores under Knowledge Diffusion
Citations
Hi-tech manufacturing entities
ICT Exports
Geographical indications
registered
200604080 100
29.71
9.25
8.46
21.96 86India Innovation Index 2020
The top performers in this pillar are dominated by Major States, with nine out of ten
representatives. Of these nine states, there are three positive outliers, namely, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, and Maharashtra. Karnataka has recorded the highest number of registered GIs and ICT
exports, while Tamil Nadu has the highest number of citations.
States such as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu have performed well in the High
and Medium Hi-tech Manufacturing Entities indicator, but have a much poor performance in ICT
exports, and citations, thus affecting its overall score.
The scores in this pillar strongly reflect the regional imbalances in the development narrative
of the country. The lowest scorers in all the indicators of this pillar are the north-eastern states,
Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, specifically in ICT exports and High and Medium
Hi-tech Manufacturing Entities. This shows the absence of an export ecosystem in the states at the
bottom, and thus resulting in them missing out on long-term potential economic gains.
Another troubling issue noticed in this pilar is the absence of citations in almost one-third of
all the states, with 12 states constituting the negative outliers. This reflects the poor quality of
research output across the country and reiterates the need for a conducive environment for
research and development to further the innovation landscape.
Knowledge diffusion
across the country has
been affected by the low
levels of ICT exports and
High and Medium Hi-tech
Manufacturing Entities. 87India Innovation Index 2020
Profiles
of States
07
INDIA INNOVATION INDEX 2020 88India Innovation Index 2020
Andaman &
Nicobar Islands 89India Innovation Index 2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
18.89
30.16
41.32
18.70
1.18
23.72
65.87
7.62
15.23
0
Efficiency RatioGSDP* Per Capita
0.25 ₹ 1,30,670
Rank
07
Category
UT / City State
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion
Scores
*Gross/Net State Domestic Product 90India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ANDA MAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 91India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
41.32
1.18
18.89
Enablers
Performance30.16
7.62
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 21.58
Enrolment in engineering and technology 15.31
Colleges connected through NMEICT 32.47
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above35.06
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 73.47
Schools with ICT labs18.66
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 88.92
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.6
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output15.23
Grassroot innovations100
Patent applications filed6.67
Trademark applications filed2.96
Presence of startups57.48
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered14.75
Publications0
Investment18.70
Expenditure on higher and technical education100
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment23.72
Ease of doing business ranking25
Online services transactions7.48
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres100
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion0
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 65.87
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts89.01
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases100 92India Innovation Index 2020
Andhra Pradesh 93India Innovation Index 2020
21.14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
24.19
33.14
47.43
4.10
20.86
30.06
63.24
15.25
9.35
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.46 ₹ 1,07,241
Rank
07
Category
Major State
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion
Scores 94India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRAD ESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ANDHR A PRADESH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Andhra Pradesh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 95India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
47.43
20.86
24.19
Enablers
Performance33.14
15.25
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 12.29
Enrolment in engineering and technology 64.44
Colleges connected through NMEICT 38.44
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above9.27
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs17.91
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 94.11
Knowledge-intensive employment12.63
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.68
Private R&D units35.86
State funded R&D units34.96
Innovation
Knowledge Output9.35
Grassroot innovations0.37
Patent applications filed8.26
Trademark applications filed2.22
Presence of startups7.5
Industrial Design applications filed 0.31
New businesses registered15.25
Publications32.04
Investment4.10
Expenditure on higher and technical education4.71
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)11.92
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.36
FDI inflow3.07
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment30.06
Ease of doing business ranking100
Online services transactions55.25
Internet subscribers20.19
Incubator centres1.28
Common facility centres4.13
Cluster Strength38.21
Knowledge Diffusion21.14
ICT exports0.83
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities8.25
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 43.18
Citations30.84
Safety and Legal Environment 63.24
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts89.01
Cyber crime police stations1.23
Pendency of court cases91.07 96India Innovation Index 2020
Arunachal Pradesh 97India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.08 ₹ 93,191
Rank
07
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14.90
27.46
35.08
33.66
7.77
2.78
58.02
2.35
4.07
0.62
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 98India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ARUNACHAL PRADESH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Arunachal Pradesh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 99India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
35.08
7.77
14.9
Enablers
Performance27.46
2.35
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 59.89
Enrolment in engineering and technology 13.01
Colleges connected through NMEICT 7.27
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above9.09
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 61.22
Schools with ICT labs16.54
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 82.46
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 30.39
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output4.07
Grassroot innovations91.11
Patent applications filed4.59
Trademark applications filed0.61
Presence of startups6.15
Industrial Design applications filed 0.18
New businesses registered5.53
Publications0
Investment33.66
Expenditure on higher and technical education71.75
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment100
FDI inflow0.32
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment2.78
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions0.02
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion0.62
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 58.02
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts91.21
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases74.26 100India Innovation Index 2020
Assam 101India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.65 ₹ 60,695
Rank
06
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
16.38
19.75
32.08
5.44 5.69
9.41
46.15
13.00
10.28
15.73
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 102India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAMASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
ASSAM
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps 37 of 37 m embers.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ASSA M".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Assam
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 103India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
32.08
5.69
16.38
Enablers
Performance19.75
13.0
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 19.41
Enrolment in engineering and technology 3.65
Colleges connected through NMEICT 32.21
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above6.84
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 61.22
Schools with ICT labs5.72
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 94.57
Knowledge-intensive employment1.83
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 6.15
Private R&D units1.83
State funded R&D units13.59
Innovation
Knowledge Output10.28
Grassroot innovations9.26
Patent applications filed4.44
Trademark applications filed1.29
Presence of startups12.09
Industrial Design applications filed 0.05
New businesses registered13.2
Publications45.69
Investment5.44
Expenditure on higher and technical education0.08
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)20.41
Expenditure on science, technology and environment3.82
FDI inflow0.2
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment9.41
Ease of doing business ranking32.14
Online services transactions2.94
Internet subscribers6.21
Incubator centres0.68
Common facility centres5.77
Cluster Strength21.95
Knowledge Diffusion15.73
ICT exports0.07
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 15.91
Citations45.71
Safety and Legal Environment 46.15
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts43.96
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases89.93 104India Innovation Index 2020
Bihar 105India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.0 ₹ 28,668
Rank
17
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14.48 14.43
20.98
2.49
3.51
5.17
40.02
14.53 13.41
15.65
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 106India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHAR
BIHARBIHAR
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "BIHAR".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Bihar
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 107India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
20.98
3.51
14.48
Enablers
Performance14.43
14.53
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 3.96
Enrolment in engineering and technology 4.15
Colleges connected through NMEICT 45.71
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.68
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 0
Schools with ICT labs10.7
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 78.77
Knowledge-intensive employment1.95
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.54
Private R&D units0.17
State funded R&D units7.37
Innovation
Knowledge Output13.41
Grassroot innovations11.48
Patent applications filed0.6
Trademark applications filed1.17
Presence of startups12.92
Industrial Design applications filed 0.02
New businesses registered35.15
Publications36.15
Investment2.49
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.22
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.15
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow0.37
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment5.17
Ease of doing business ranking10.71
Online services transactions1.32
Internet subscribers0
Incubator centres0.32
Common facility centres2.03
Cluster Strength22.76
Knowledge Diffusion15.66
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.17
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 29.55
Citations30.4
Safety and Legal Environment 40.02
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations0.59
Pendency of court cases10.64 108India Innovation Index 2020
Chandigarh 109India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.85 ₹ 2,34,998
Rank
02
Category
UT / City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
90
80
100
38.57
41.52
74.82
6.62
30.04
10.03
86.11
35.62
55.10
16.14
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 110India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "CHA NDIGARH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Chandigarh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 111India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
74.82
30.04
38.57
Enablers
Performance41.52
35.62
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 100
Enrolment in engineering and technology 25.81
Colleges connected through NMEICT 72.73
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above100
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 67.35
Schools with ICT labs65.8
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 95.81
Knowledge-intensive employment29.65
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.66
Private R&D units100
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output55.1
Grassroot innovations11.11
Patent applications filed91.44
Trademark applications filed62.94
Presence of startups65.82
Industrial Design applications filed 4.7
New businesses registered61.31
Publications34.78
Investment6.62
Expenditure on higher and technical education37.97
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow2.36
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment10.03
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions13.87
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres12.02
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength15.45
Knowledge Diffusion16.14
ICT exports15.82
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations45.42
Safety and Legal Environment 86.11
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts97.8
Cyber crime police stations57.85
Pendency of court cases98.86 112India Innovation Index 2020
Chhattisgarh 113India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.22 ₹ 69,500
Rank
16
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
15.77
25.76
35.77
6.15
4.28
15.17
67.46
5.78 6.0 5.55
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 114India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
CHHATTISGARHCHHATTISGARHCHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
CHHATTISGARH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "CHHATTI SGARH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Chhattisgarh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 115India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
35.77
4.28
15.77
Enablers
Performance25.76
5.78
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 7.07
Enrolment in engineering and technology 13.67
Colleges connected through NMEICT 47.27
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.45
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 67.35
Schools with ICT labs33.58
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 80.84
Knowledge-intensive employment4.3
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.7
Private R&D units1.72
State funded R&D units7.11
Innovation
Knowledge Output6.0
Grassroot innovations11.85
Patent applications filed2.09
Trademark applications filed2.41
Presence of startups14.83
Industrial Design applications filed 0.2
New businesses registered12.49
Publications0
Investment6.15
Expenditure on higher and technical education17.57
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)12.77
Expenditure on science, technology and environment2.04
FDI inflow0
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment15.17
Ease of doing business ranking82.14
Online services transactions18.36
Internet subscribers7.49
Incubator centres1.32
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength17.07
Knowledge Diffusion5.55
ICT exports2.13
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities6.85
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 13.64
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 67.46
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts96.7
Cyber crime police stations2.39
Pendency of court cases94.29 116India Innovation Index 2020
Dadra and
Nagar Haveli 117India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency Ratio
0.70
Rank
06
Category
UT / City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.74
26.63
32.13
7.91
13.11 13.47
66.52
18.86 19.96
17.76
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 118India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELIDADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 119India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
32.13
13.11
22.74
Enablers
Performance26.63
18.86
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology 9.12
Colleges connected through NMEICT 0
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 65.31
Schools with ICT labs83.46
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 74.48
Knowledge-intensive employment8.46
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0
Private R&D units51.18
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output19.96
Grassroot innovations19.9
Patent applications filed7.39
Trademark applications filed4.91
Presence of startups65.21
Industrial Design applications filed 5.78
New businesses registered29.01
Publications0
Investment7.91
Expenditure on higher and technical education39.24
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow7.93
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment13.47
Ease of doing business ranking21.43
Online services transactions34.24
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength15.45
Knowledge Diffusion17.76
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities100
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 66.52
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases90.07 120India Innovation Index 2020
Daman and Diu 121India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency Ratio
1.00
Rank
03
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
26.76 26.63
42.27
3.42
9.81
14.90
62.75
26.89
43.48
10.31
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 122India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIU
DAMAN & DIUDAMAN & DIU
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "DAMAN & DIU".
Country Best
Daman and Diu
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 123India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
42.27
9.81
26.76
Enablers
Performance26.63
26.89
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology 21.18
Colleges connected through NMEICT 77.92
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 95.92
Schools with ICT labs21.14
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 79.54
Knowledge-intensive employment16.98
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.6
Private R&D units18.08
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output43.48
Grassroot innovations13.43
Patent applications filed10.44
Trademark applications filed16.59
Presence of startups94.63
Industrial Design applications filed 100
New businesses registered34.37
Publications0
Investment3.42
Expenditure on higher and technical education5.79
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.9
Ease of doing business ranking39.29
Online services transactions33.87
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength14.63
Knowledge Diffusion10.31
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities56.52
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 62.75
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases78.86 124India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi 125India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.32 ₹ 2,69,505
Rank
01
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
46.60
40.08
49.81
19.72
28.35
39.72
62.80
53.12
82.83
23.42
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 126India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
DELHI
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "DELHI".
Enablers
Country Best
Delhi
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 127India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
49.81
28.35
46.6
Enablers
Performance40.08
53.12
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 68.72
Enrolment in engineering and technology 10.41
Colleges connected through NMEICT 42.34
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above62.01
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 18.37
Schools with ICT labs50
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 100
Knowledge-intensive employment13.23
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 24.89
Private R&D units87.23
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output82.83
Grassroot innovations5.56
Patent applications filed100
Trademark applications filed100
Presence of startups100
Industrial Design applications filed 22.75
New businesses registered100
Publications59.98
Investment19.72
Expenditure on higher and technical education12.85
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.17
FDI inflow70.43
Venture capital deals18.39
Business Environment39.72
Ease of doing business ranking60.71
Online services transactions13.81
Internet subscribers100
Incubator centres14.11
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength47.15
Knowledge Diffusion23.42
ICT exports2.08
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities40.09
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations61.51
Safety and Legal Environment 62.8
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts85.71
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases94.43 128India Innovation Index 2020
Goa 129India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.25 ₹ 3,68,685
Rank
05
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
24.92
39.76
55.84
13.43
33.52
36.90
59.09
10.09
18.39
1.79
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 130India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
GOA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "GOA".
Enablers
Country Best
Goa
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 131India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
55.84
33.52
24.92
Enablers
Performance39.76
10.09
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 24.88
Enrolment in engineering and technology 35.82
Colleges connected through NMEICT 22.86
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above48.21
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 91.84
Schools with ICT labs71.39
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 94.95
Knowledge-intensive employment51.05
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.8
Private R&D units69.35
State funded R&D units13.84
Innovation
Knowledge Output18.39
Grassroot innovations4.81
Patent applications filed38.31
Trademark applications filed14.43
Presence of startups22.1
Industrial Design applications filed 0.85
New businesses registered26.76
Publications0
Investment13.43
Expenditure on higher and technical education38.36
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment25.14
FDI inflow8.66
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment36.9
Ease of doing business ranking17.86
Online services transactions8.81
Internet subscribers25.73
Incubator centres20.29
Common facility centres100
Cluster Strength36.59
Knowledge Diffusion1.79
ICT exports0.98
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.06
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 59.09
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts82.42
Cyber crime police stations41.86
Pendency of court cases49.36 132India Innovation Index 2020
Gujarat 133India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.61 ₹ 1,53,495
Rank
08
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
23.63
29.28
44.97
10.81
21.16
26.87
42.59
17.98 17.07
18.90
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 134India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
GUJARAT
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "GUJARAT".
Enablers
Country Best
Gujarat
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 135India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
44.97
21.16
23.63
Enablers
Performance29.28
17.98
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 12
Enrolment in engineering and technology 25.53
Colleges connected through NMEICT 68.83
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.34
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 71.43
Schools with ICT labs58.21
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.53
Knowledge-intensive employment18.77
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.33
Private R&D units25.98
State funded R&D units38.42
Innovation
Knowledge Output17.07
Grassroot innovations28.89
Patent applications filed18.24
Trademark applications filed14.97
Presence of startups17.01
Industrial Design applications filed 4.89
New businesses registered21.75
Publications27.84
Investment10.81
Expenditure on higher and technical education3.43
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)9.53
Expenditure on science, technology and environment15.35
FDI inflow21.13
Venture capital deals3.25
Business Environment26.87
Ease of doing business ranking67.86
Online services transactions34.06
Internet subscribers19.97
Incubator centres2.24
Common facility centres4.22
Cluster Strength59.35
Knowledge Diffusion18.9
ICT exports1.67
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.06
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 36.36
Citations30.61
Safety and Legal Environment 42.59
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts92.31
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases27.14 136India Innovation Index 2020
Haryana 137India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.58 ₹ 1,69,409
Rank
06
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
25.81
32.59
47.22
16.49
15.57
18.96
64.69
19.03
22.85
15.22
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 138India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
HARY ANA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "HAR YANA".
Enablers
Country Best
Haryana
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 139India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
47.22
15.57
25.81
Enablers
Performance32.59
19.03
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 18.6
Enrolment in engineering and technology 35.17
Colleges connected through NMEICT 69.87
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above5.07
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 71.43
Schools with ICT labs52.49
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.53
Knowledge-intensive employment11.66
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.28
Private R&D units37.99
State funded R&D units14.34
Innovation
Knowledge Output22.85
Grassroot innovations24.81
Patent applications filed26.05
Trademark applications filed19.78
Presence of startups32.31
Industrial Design applications filed 4.02
New businesses registered40.97
Publications0
Investment16.49
Expenditure on higher and technical education14.79
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)8.8
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.89
FDI inflow15.15
Venture capital deals43.62
Business Environment18.96
Ease of doing business ranking46.43
Online services transactions14.77
Internet subscribers16.63
Incubator centres2.84
Common facility centres14.43
Cluster Strength34.15
Knowledge Diffusion15.22
ICT exports30.84
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities26.34
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 64.69
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts82.42
Cyber crime police stations4.82
Pendency of court cases99.29 140India Innovation Index 2020
Himachal Pradesh 141India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.38 ₹ 1,39,469
Rank
01
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
25.06
36.28
44.58
10.49
36.86
22.91
66.54
13.85 14.39 13.31
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 142India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESHHIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRAD ESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "HIMACHAL PRADESH".
Enablers
Country Best
Himachal Pradesh
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 143India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
44.58
36.86
25.06
Enablers
Performance36.28
13.85
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 34.2
Enrolment in engineering and technology 18.56
Colleges connected through NMEICT 52.73
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.29
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs62.69
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.15
Knowledge-intensive employment37.29
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.08
Private R&D units5.13
State funded R&D units100
Innovation
Knowledge Output14.39
Grassroot innovations15.93
Patent applications filed35.7
Trademark applications filed4.9
Presence of startups7.98
Industrial Design applications filed 2.39
New businesses registered12.07
Publications33.92
Investment10.49
Expenditure on higher and technical education38.65
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)17.61
Expenditure on science, technology and environment 0.29
FDI inflow1.18
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment22.91
Ease of doing business ranking78.57
Online services transactions20.61
Internet subscribers29.75
Incubator centres1.23
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength34.96
Knowledge Diffusion13.31
ICT exports0.05
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities1.61
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 20.45
Citations29.88
Safety and Legal Environment 66.54
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts87.91
Cyber crime police stations8.89
Pendency of court cases95.21 144India Innovation Index 2020
Jammu & Kashmir 145India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.38 ₹ 65,178
Rank
08
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
18.62
26.83
31.04
12.99
16.84
9.99
63.31
10.41
8.90
11.93
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 146India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JAMMU & KASHMIR
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "JAMMU & KASHMIR".
Enablers
Country Best
Jammu & Kashmir
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 147India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
31.04
16.84
18.62
Enablers
Performance26.83
10.41
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 26.22
Enrolment in engineering and technology 9.5
Colleges connected through NMEICT 38.7
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 53.06
Schools with ICT labs22.89
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 70.64
Knowledge-intensive employment12.26
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 9.71
Private R&D units0.35
State funded R&D units45.08
Innovation
Knowledge Output8.9
Grassroot innovations27.04
Patent applications filed4.05
Trademark applications filed2.9
Presence of startups14.85
Industrial Design applications filed 0.06
New businesses registered13.72
Publications21.19
Investment12.99
Expenditure on higher and technical education19.44
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)32.12
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.9
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment9.99
Ease of doing business ranking28.57
Online services transactions0.73
Internet subscribers15.13
Incubator centres1.01
Common facility centres9.87
Cluster Strength12.2
Knowledge Diffusion11.93
ICT exports0.03
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 20.45
Citations25.48
Safety and Legal Environment 63.31
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts94.51
Cyber crime police stations9.74
Pendency of court cases77.71 148India Innovation Index 2020
Jharkhand 149India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.51 ₹ 54,982
Rank
15
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
17.12
22.63 23.16
26.05
2.77
11.63
49.54
11.60 12.60
10.61
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 150India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
JHARKHANDJHARKHAND
JHARKHAND
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "JHARKHAND".
Enablers
Country Best
Jharkhand
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 151India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
23.16
2.77
17.12
Enablers
Performance22.63
11.6
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 10.79
Enrolment in engineering and technology 8.35
Colleges connected through NMEICT 37.92
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.63
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 2.04
Schools with ICT labs20.9
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 81.19
Knowledge-intensive employment3.86
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.13
Private R&D units1.07
State funded R&D units2.45
Innovation
Knowledge Output12.6
Grassroot innovations12.59
Patent applications filed6.2
Trademark applications filed1.19
Presence of startups14.82
Industrial Design applications filed 0.13
New businesses registered20.72
Publications45.71
Investment26.05
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.95
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.73
Expenditure on science, technology and environment17.02
FDI inflow100
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment11.63
Ease of doing business ranking85.71
Online services transactions1.31
Internet subscribers0
Incubator centres0.64
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength22.76
Knowledge Diffusion10.61
ICT exports0.02
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities1.41
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations41.67
Safety and Legal Environment 49.54
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts79.12
Cyber crime police stations12.96
Pendency of court cases50.43 152India Innovation Index 2020
Karnataka 153India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.44 ₹ 1,53,276
Rank
01
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
42.50
34.81
54.27
33.01
22.58
24.43
39.75
50.19
28.13
72.26
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 154India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
KARNATAKA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "KARNATAKA".
Enablers
Country Best
Karnataka
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 155India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
54.27
22.58
42.5
Enablers
Performance34.81
50.19
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 26.69
Enrolment in engineering and technology 40.52
Colleges connected through NMEICT 81.82
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above10.33
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 93.88
Schools with ICT labs28.86
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 97.56
Knowledge-intensive employment15.29
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 4.95
Private R&D units30.95
State funded R&D units43.95
Innovation
Knowledge Output28.13
Grassroot innovations1.11
Patent applications filed45.42
Trademark applications filed9.09
Presence of startups37.78
Industrial Design applications filed 1.78
New businesses registered36.46
Publications51.06
Investment33.01
Expenditure on higher and technical education4.82
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.81
Expenditure on science, technology and environment12.57
FDI inflow42.7
Venture capital deals100
Business Environment24.43
Ease of doing business ranking42.86
Online services transactions6.08
Internet subscribers22.46
Incubator centres4.29
Common facility centres18.26
Cluster Strength66.67
Knowledge Diffusion72.26
ICT exports100
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities9.12
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 100
Citations51.03
Safety and Legal Environment 39.75
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts0
Cyber crime police stations42.97
Pendency of court cases79.79 156India Innovation Index 2020
Kerala 157India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.65 ₹ 1,48,078
Rank
05
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
30.58
36.97
59.72
9.18
15.34
37.12
63.46
24.20
17.86
30.54
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 158India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
KERALA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "KERALA".
Enablers
Country Best
Kerala
Human Capital
Investment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
Innovation
100
80
60
40
20
0 159India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
59.72
15.34
30.58
Enablers
Performance36.97
24.2
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 24.53
Enrolment in engineering and technology 40.18
Colleges connected through NMEICT 85.97
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above18.13
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs77.24
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 89.91
Knowledge-intensive employment7.98
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.81
Private R&D units9.61
State funded R&D units44.72
Innovation
Knowledge Output17.86
Grassroot innovations11.48
Patent applications filed10.53
Trademark applications filed9.11
Presence of startups19.56
Industrial Design applications filed 0.98
New businesses registered32.74
Publications41.39
Investment9.18
Expenditure on higher and technical education7.39
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)3.59
Expenditure on science, technology and environment13.06
FDI inflow2.06
Venture capital deals19.47
Business Environment37.12
Ease of doing business ranking3.57
Online services transactions100
Internet subscribers25.91
Incubator centres3.54
Common facility centres32.37
Cluster Strength44.72
Knowledge Diffusion30.54
ICT exports4.35
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.11
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 68.18
Citations42.44
Safety and Legal Environment 63.46
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts86.81
Cyber crime police stations1.83
Pendency of court cases93.57 160India Innovation Index 2020
Lakshadweep 161India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency Ratio
0.07
Rank
09
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
11.71
21.70
38.27
5.53
0
15.47
49.25
1.71
3.43
0
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 162India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
LAKSHADWEEP
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "LAKSHADWEEP".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Lakshadweep 163India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
38.27
0
11.71
Enablers 21.7
1.71
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology 0
Colleges connected through NMEICT 0
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 100
Schools with ICT labs100
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 78.7
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output3.43
Grassroot innovations7.04
Patent applications filed0
Trademark applications filed0
Presence of startups1.57
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered14.92
Publications0
Investment5.53
Expenditure on higher and technical education18.85
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment15.47
Ease of doing business ranking50
Online services transactions44.61
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion0
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 49.25
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts67.03
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases74.26
Performance 164India Innovation Index 2020
Madhya Pradesh 165India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.63 ₹ 56,498
Rank
13
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
20.82
25.40
32.70
7.47
8.36
14.79
63.66
16.25
13.74
18.75
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 166India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MADHYA PRADESH".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Madhya Pradesh 167India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
32.7
8.36
20.82
Enablers 25.4
16.24
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 6.91
Enrolment in engineering and technology 19.03
Colleges connected through NMEICT 46.49
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above3.64
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 57.14
Schools with ICT labs15.17
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 78.96
Knowledge-intensive employment11.71
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.79
Private R&D units3.15
State funded R&D units11.4
Innovation
Knowledge Output13.74
Grassroot innovations2.59
Patent applications filed3.41
Trademark applications filed3.79
Presence of startups23.23
Industrial Design applications filed 0.21
New businesses registered20.57
Publications43.88
Investment7.47
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.58
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)12.29
Expenditure on science, technology and environment11.94
FDI inflow2.86
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.79
Ease of doing business ranking89.29
Online services transactions5.8
Internet subscribers7.49
Incubator centres1.51
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength24.39
Knowledge Diffusion18.75
ICT exports0.87
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.09
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 25
Citations43.37
Safety and Legal Environment 63.66
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts93.41
Cyber crime police stations0.84
Pendency of court cases87.93
Performance 168India Innovation Index 2020
Maharashtra 169India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.19 ₹ 1,47,450
Rank
02
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
38.03
34.71
46.43
13.04
22.81
29.26
62.01
41.35
34.57
48.12
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 170India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
MAHARASHT RA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MAHARASHTR A".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Maharashtra 171India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
46.43
22.81
38.03
Enablers 34.71
41.35
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 9.6
Enrolment in engineering and technology 29.02
Colleges connected through NMEICT 64.42
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above18.97
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs47.51
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 86.39
Knowledge-intensive employment21.01
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 10.2
Private R&D units45.59
State funded R&D units18.87
Innovation
Knowledge Output34.57
Grassroot innovations0
Patent applications filed48.11
Trademark applications filed18.03
Presence of startups32.97
Industrial Design applications filed 4.85
New businesses registered50.11
Publications68.17
Investment13.04
Expenditure on higher and technical education0.08
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)1.48
Expenditure on science, technology and environment4.57
FDI inflow34.85
Venture capital deals24.51
Business Environment29.26
Ease of doing business ranking57.14
Online services transactions3.88
Internet subscribers25.73
Incubator centres2.14
Common facility centres19.05
Cluster Strength88.62
Knowledge Diffusion48.12
ICT exports27.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities12.32
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 75
Citations69.32
Safety and Legal Environment 62.01
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts93.41
Cyber crime police stations23.36
Pendency of court cases62.79
Performance 172India Innovation Index 2020
Manipur 173India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.22 ₹ 51,180
Rank
03
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.78
37.32
40.01 41.18
29.87
4.04
71.52
8.23
13.97
2.48
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 174India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
MANIPUR
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MANIPUR".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Manipur 175India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
40.01
29.87
22.78
Enablers 37.32
8.23
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 46.7
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2.7
Colleges connected through NMEICT 45.71
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2.85
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 79.59
Schools with ICT labs24.75
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 84.59
Knowledge-intensive employment0.19
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 100
Private R&D units4.62
State funded R&D units14.14
Innovation
Knowledge Output13.97
Grassroot innovations77.78
Patent applications filed3.11
Trademark applications filed0.79
Presence of startups25.99
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered39.53
Publications0
Investment41.18
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.4
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)100
Expenditure on science, technology and environment73.7
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.04
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions0
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength8.13
Knowledge Diffusion2.48
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 9.09
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 71.52
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts100
Cyber crime police stations21.38
Pendency of court cases85.79
Performance 176India Innovation Index 2020
Meghalaya 177India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.26 ₹ 66,223
Rank
10
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
12.15
19.23
30.73
3.93
10.92
4.33
46.26
5.07 4.35
5.79
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 178India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYAMEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
MEGHALAYA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MEGHALAYA".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Meghalaya 179India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
30.73
10.92
12.15
Enablers 19.23
5.07
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 47.64
Enrolment in engineering and technology 3.05
Colleges connected through NMEICT 20.26
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above11.69
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 71.43
Schools with ICT labs1.87
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 61.86
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 2.95
Private R&D units2.96
State funded R&D units40.83
Innovation
Knowledge Output4.35
Grassroot innovations55.56
Patent applications filed2.57
Trademark applications filed0.72
Presence of startups1.64
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered5.51
Publications17.83
Investment3.93
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.09
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.94
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.8
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.33
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions0.22
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength9.76
Knowledge Diffusion5.79
ICT exports0.25
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations18
Safety and Legal Environment 46.26
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts76.92
Cyber crime police stations20.58
Pendency of court cases36.21
Performance 180India Innovation Index 2020
Mizoram 181India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.21 ₹ 1,07,853
Rank
05
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
16.93
27.79
42.62
10.00
1.02
4.57
80.73
6.08
8.02
4.13
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 182India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
MIZORA M
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "MIZORAM".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Mizoram 183India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
42.62
1.02
16.93
Enablers 27.79
6.08
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 87.48
Enrolment in engineering and technology 3.86
Colleges connected through NMEICT 16.36
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above16.93
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs0
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 91.27
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.99
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output8.02
Grassroot innovations66.3
Patent applications filed28.93
Trademark applications filed0.4
Presence of startups1.12
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered5.19
Publications13.26
Investment10.00
Expenditure on higher and technical education7.57
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment28.69
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.57
Ease of doing business ranking14.29
Online services transactions2.88
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength0
Knowledge Diffusion4.13
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations14.12
Safety and Legal Environment 80.73
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts94.51
Cyber crime police stations55.65
Pendency of court cases88.36
Performance 184India Innovation Index 2020
Nagaland 185India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.08 ₹ 73,276
Rank
08
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14.11
26.11
36.01
6.76
6.58
4.36
76.86
2.11 2.36 1.86
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 186India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
NAGALANDNAGALANDNAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALANDNAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALAND
NAGALAND
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "NAG ALAND".
Country Best
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Nagaland 187India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
36.01
6.58
14.11
Enablers 26.11
2.11
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 30.48
Enrolment in engineering and technology 5.32
Colleges connected through NMEICT 31.43
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above15.1
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 85.71
Schools with ICT labs13.81
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 71.6
Knowledge-intensive employment0
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 14.61
Private R&D units2.22
State funded R&D units10.2
Innovation
Knowledge Output2.36
Grassroot innovations45.19
Patent applications filed3.21
Trademark applications filed0.46
Presence of startups7.52
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered0.08
Publications0
Investment6.76
Expenditure on higher and technical education3.85
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment16.67
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.36
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions1.2
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres2.14
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength6.5
Knowledge Diffusion1.86
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 6.82
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 76.86
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts98.9
Cyber crime police stations30.86
Pendency of court cases94.36
Performance 188India Innovation Index 2020
Odisha 189India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.80 ₹ 76,417
Rank
14
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
18.94
20.93
42.10
3.24
5.66
8.94
44.71
16.94
10.82
23.06
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 190India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
ODISHA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "ODI SHA".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Odisha 191India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
42.1
5.66
18.94
Enablers 20.93
16.94
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 10.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 26.99
Colleges connected through NMEICT 54.81
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above4.59
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs40.55
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 88.7
Knowledge-intensive employment1.54
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.36
Private R&D units3.25
State funded R&D units13.47
Innovation
Knowledge Output10.82
Grassroot innovations24.44
Patent applications filed4.96
Trademark applications filed1.29
Presence of startups9.37
Industrial Design applications filed 0.23
New businesses registered17.57
Publications43.58
Investment3.24
Expenditure on higher and technical education4.25
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.42
Expenditure on science, technology and environment5.84
FDI inflow0.33
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment8.94
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions5.94
Internet subscribers7.89
Incubator centres2.22
Common facility centres10.58
Cluster Strength24.39
Knowledge Diffusion23.06
ICT exports4.84
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities2.65
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 36.36
Citations45.01
Safety and Legal Environment 44.71
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts94.51
Cyber crime police stations5.82
Pendency of court cases25.86
Performance 192India Innovation Index 2020
Puducherry 193India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.44 ₹ 1,42,583
Rank
04
Category
UT/ City State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
25.23
34.83
72.39
1.43
20.17
8.18
71.97
15.63
19.21
12.05
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 194India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "PUDUCHE RRY".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Puducherry 195India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
72.39
20.17
25.23
Enablers 34.83
15.63
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 78.78
Enrolment in engineering and technology 96.55
Colleges connected through NMEICT 87.79
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above11.69
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 97.96
Schools with ICT labs54.73
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 82.87
Knowledge-intensive employment21.04
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 8.42
Private R&D units56.38
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output19.21
Grassroot innovations5.19
Patent applications filed55.97
Trademark applications filed6.34
Presence of startups12.8
Industrial Design applications filed 0.2
New businesses registered18.78
Publications29.66
Investment1.43
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.87
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment4.95
FDI inflow0.22
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment8.18
Ease of doing business ranking7.14
Online services transactions8.68
Internet subscribers14.37
Incubator centres3.39
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength14.63
Knowledge Diffusion12.05
ICT exports7.64
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities5.18
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations30.49
Safety and Legal Environment 71.97
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts89.01
Cyber crime police stations48.93
Pendency of court cases74.26
Performance 196India Innovation Index 2020
Punjab 197India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.50 ₹ 1,15,882
Rank
10
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.54
30.03
53.09
5.10
9.86
14.20
67.91
15.05
16.65
13.46
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 198India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
PUDUCHERRY
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "PUDUCHE RRY".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0
Punjab 199India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
53.09
9.86
22.54
Enablers 30.03
15.05
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 40.19
Enrolment in engineering and technology 35
Colleges connected through NMEICT 57.66
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above14.15
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs57.21
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 85.02
Knowledge-intensive employment10.48
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.55
Private R&D units10.62
State funded R&D units17.47
Innovation
Knowledge Output16.65
Grassroot innovations3.7
Patent applications filed30.21
Trademark applications filed13.7
Presence of startups7.69
Industrial Design applications filed 2.25
New businesses registered14.85
Publications43.94
Investment5.10
Expenditure on higher and technical education1.83
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)18.72
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.67
FDI inflow2.47
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.2
Ease of doing business ranking35.71
Online services transactions6.28
Internet subscribers30.81
Incubator centres1.68
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength17.89
Knowledge Diffusion13.46
ICT exports0.78
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities2.39
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations46.53
Safety and Legal Environment 67.91
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts92.31
Cyber crime police stations4.4
Pendency of court cases98.57
Performance 200India Innovation Index 2020
Rajasthan 201India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.62 ₹ 78,570
Rank
12
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
20.83
25.70
41.65
5.00
8.25
17.21
56.40
15.96
12.85
19.07
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 202India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
RAJASTHAN
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "RAJASTHAN".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Rajasthan
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 203India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
41.65
8.25
20.83
Enablers
Performance 25.7
15.96
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 18.67
Enrolment in engineering and technology 12.5
Colleges connected through NMEICT 56.36
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.27
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 65.31
Schools with ICT labs45.9
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 96.47
Knowledge-intensive employment9.48
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.72
Private R&D units5
State funded R&D units14.43
Innovation
Knowledge Output12.85
Grassroot innovations6.3
Patent applications filed5.65
Trademark applications filed5.66
Presence of startups14.92
Industrial Design applications filed 1.08
New businesses registered22.75
Publications34.72
Investment5.00
Expenditure on higher and technical education0
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)4.35
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.03
FDI inflow3.44
Venture capital deals15.62
Business Environment17.21
Ease of doing business ranking75
Online services transactions9.51
Internet subscribers13.86
Incubator centres1.6
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength34.96
Knowledge Diffusion19.07
ICT exports1.08
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities4.11
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 34.09
Citations35.06
Safety and Legal Environment 56.4
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts86.81
Cyber crime police stations1.78
Pendency of court cases72.57 204India Innovation Index 2020
Sikkim 205India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.04 ₹ 2,42,002
Rank
04
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
90
80
100
20.28
38.98
45.76
13.53
32.67
3.73
99.20
1.58 2.31 0.85
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 206India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
SIKKIM
SIKKIMSIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
SIKKIM
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "SIKKIM".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Sikkim
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 207India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
45.76
32.67
20.28
Enablers
Performance38.98
1.58
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 80.11
Enrolment in engineering and technology 23.02
Colleges connected through NMEICT 48.83
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above0
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs24.13
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 83.74
Knowledge-intensive employment100
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 2.87
Private R&D units7.2
State funded R&D units0
Innovation
Knowledge Output2.31
Grassroot innovations61.48
Patent applications filed8.32
Trademark applications filed1.38
Presence of startups0
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered0
Publications0
Investment13.53
Expenditure on higher and technical education43.61
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment18.13
FDI inflow12.75
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment3.73
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions2.52
Internet subscribers12.04
Incubator centres0
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength4.07
Knowledge Diffusion0.85
ICT exports0.76
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0
Safety and Legal Environment 99.2
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts97.8
Cyber crime police stations100
Pendency of court cases100 208India Innovation Index 2020
Tamil Nadu 209India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.07 ₹ 1,42,941
Rank
03
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
37.91
36.57
62.80
11.43
16.09
31.84
60.68
39.25
25.77
52.73
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 210India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
TAMIL NADU
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "TAMIL NADU".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Tamil Nadu
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 211India Innovation Index 2020
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
62.8
16.09
37.91
Enablers
Performance36.57
39.25
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 43.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 100
Colleges connected through NMEICT 78.7
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above17.44
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 89.8
Schools with ICT labs20.65
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 82.04
Knowledge-intensive employment9.92
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.91
Private R&D units28.71
State funded R&D units26.31
Innovation
Knowledge Output25.77
Grassroot innovations5.93
Patent applications filed42.08
Trademark applications filed8.2
Presence of startups14.03
Industrial Design applications filed 2.16
New businesses registered23.47
Publications100
Investment11.43
Expenditure on higher and technical education20.56
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)7.7
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.48
FDI inflow10.1
Venture capital deals21.44
Business Environment31.84
Ease of doing business ranking53.57
Online services transactions14.9
Internet subscribers20.99
Incubator centres4.16
Common facility centres33.95
Cluster Strength81.3
Knowledge Diffusion52.73
ICT exports22.39
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities6.61
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 72.73
Citations100
Safety and Legal Environment 60.68
Information Technology/Intellectual Property related acts91.21
Cyber crime police stations5.92
Pendency of court cases76.86 212India Innovation Index 2020
Telangana 213India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.14 ₹ 1,43,618
Rank
04
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8033.23
30.10
45.90
7.90
16.22
26.16
58.81
35.47
28.22
42.71
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 214India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
TELANGANA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "TELANGANA".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Telangana
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 215India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 58.81
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts80.22
Cyber crime police stations3.47
Pendency of court cases85.36
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
45.9
16.22
33.23
Enablers
Performance 31
35.47
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 11.95
Enrolment in engineering and technology 62.83
Colleges connected through NMEICT 44.16
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above6.11
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 87.76
Schools with ICT labs14.05
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 87.21
Knowledge-intensive employment21.49
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.86
Private R&D units13.5
State funded R&D units25.24
Innovation
Knowledge Output28.22
Grassroot innovations3.7
Patent applications filed37.71
Trademark applications filed9
Presence of startups30.11
Industrial Design applications filed 0.99
New businesses registered51.11
Publications47.49
Investment7.90
Expenditure on higher and technical education2.22
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)6.74
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.63
FDI inflow17.05
Venture capital deals12.85
Business Environment26.16
Ease of doing business ranking92.86
Online services transactions36.89
Internet subscribers20.19
Incubator centres5.53
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength38.21
Knowledge Diffusion42.71
ICT exports61.2
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities19.11
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 34.09
Citations45.65 216India Innovation Index 2020
Tripura 217India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.09 ₹ 82,632
Rank
09
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
12.84
23.37
40.02
2.29
6.22
4.09
64.22
2.32
4.01
0.62
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 218India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
TRIPURA
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "TRIPURA".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Tripura
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 219India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 64.22
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts93.41
Cyber crime police stations0
Pendency of court cases90.36
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
40.02
6.22
12.84
Enablers
Performance23.37
2.32
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 7.54
Enrolment in engineering and technology 5.93
Colleges connected through NMEICT 100
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above5.11
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 57.14
Schools with ICT labs33.58
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 75.28
Knowledge-intensive employment0.17
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 9.06
Private R&D units0
State funded R&D units16.49
Innovation
Knowledge Output4.01
Grassroot innovations28.52
Patent applications filed3.11
Trademark applications filed0.59
Presence of startups6.18
Industrial Design applications filed 0
New businesses registered9.97
Publications0
Investment2.29
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.27
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)0
Expenditure on science, technology and environment3.55
FDI inflow0.02
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment4.09
Ease of doing business ranking0
Online services transactions2.07
Internet subscribers12.56
Incubator centres1.15
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength4.88
Knowledge Diffusion0.62
ICT exports0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.27
Citations0 220India Innovation Index 2020
Uttarakhand 221India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
0.58 ₹ 1,55,151
Rank
02
Category
North East and Hill State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
23.50
29.68
41.89
7.01
22.62
14.83
62.04
17.31 18.04
16.58
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 222India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "UTTAR AKHAND".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Uttarakhand
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 223India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 62.04
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts84.62
Cyber crime police stations6.05
Pendency of court cases87.93
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
41.89
22.62
23.5
Enablers
Performance29.68
17.31
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 56.66
Enrolment in engineering and technology 31.17
Colleges connected through NMEICT 39.48
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.14
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 69.39
Schools with ICT labs11.19
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 86.66
Knowledge-intensive employment25.63
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 9.21
Private R&D units10.46
State funded R&D units44.04
Innovation
Knowledge Output18.04
Grassroot innovations28.15
Patent applications filed19.51
Trademark applications filed7.65
Presence of startups15.61
Industrial Design applications filed 0.49
New businesses registered21.9
Publications59.95
Investment7.01
Expenditure on higher and technical education9.93
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)19.56
Expenditure on science, technology and environment4.11
FDI inflow0.68
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment14.83
Ease of doing business ranking64.29
Online services transactions5.67
Internet subscribers4.77
Incubator centres1.68
Common facility centres0
Cluster Strength43.09
Knowledge Diffusion16.58
ICT exports0.5
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities4.26
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.55
Citations58.17 224India Innovation Index 2020
Uttar Pradesh 225India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.76 ₹ 44,421
Rank
09
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22.85
16.53
18.23
5.21
6.75
26.35 26.09
29.18
21.37
36.98
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 226India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESHUTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTAR PRADESH
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "UTTAR PRADESH".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
Uttar Pradesh
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 227India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 26.09
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts71.43
Cyber crime police stations0.61
Pendency of court cases0
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
18.23
6.75
22.85
Enablers
Performance16.53
29.18
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 11.73
Enrolment in engineering and technology 13.13
Colleges connected through NMEICT 47.79
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above1.22
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 30.61
Schools with ICT labs28.48
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 0
Knowledge-intensive employment10.32
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 6.86
Private R&D units3.85
State funded R&D units4.55
Innovation
Knowledge Output21.37
Grassroot innovations1.11
Patent applications filed6.18
Trademark applications filed3.76
Presence of startups31.07
Industrial Design applications filed 0.57
New businesses registered40.23
Publications62.26
Investment5.21
Expenditure on higher and technical education3.22
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.32
Expenditure on science, technology and environment1.81
FDI inflow2.63
Venture capital deals12.89
Business Environment26.35
Ease of doing business ranking96.43
Online services transactions3.51
Internet subscribers4.77
Incubator centres0.85
Common facility centres1.56
Cluster Strength100
Knowledge Diffusion36.98
ICT exports12.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities4.56
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 61.36
Citations63.34 228India Innovation Index 2020
West Bengal 229India Innovation Index 2020
Efficiency RatioGSDP Per Capita
1.37 ₹ 67,300
Rank
11
Category
Major State
Scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
21.69
18.25
20.43
2.98
7.33
20.16
40.35
25.13
17.76
32.51
Innovation
Enablers
Human
Capital
Investment
Knowledge
Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Knowledge
Output
Performance
Knowledge
Diffusion 230India Innovation Index 2020
Country Comparison
Relative Performance
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Scores
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
WEST BENGAL
B&W
Sum of Pivo t Field Values for each Pivo t Field Nam es. The marks are labeled by s tate. Details are shown for state. The view is filtered on state, which keeps multiple members.
The view is highligh ted where state contains "WEST BENGAL".
Innovation
Enablers
Country Best
West Bengal
Human Capital
InvestmentPerformance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
Knowledge Workers
Safety and Legal
Environment
Business
Environment
100
80
60
40
20
0 231India Innovation Index 2020
Safety and Legal Environment 40.35
Information Technology/Intellectual Property
related acts95.6
Cyber crime police stations4.01
Pendency of court cases13.29
How to read the scorecard: All the values are scores on a scale of 0-100. So, higher score represents better performance. For instance, a score of
97 on pupil teacher ratio will depict high score of the indicator
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
All the indicators have been treated using relevant denominators eg. population, GDP etc.
Human Capital
Knowledge Workers
20.43
7.33
21.69
Enablers
Performance18.25
25.13
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
Enrolment in Ph.D. 15.75
Enrolment in engineering and technology 10.26
Colleges connected through NMEICT 38.96
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above9.11
Pupil teacher ratio- Higher education 53.06
Schools with ICT labs19.65
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 0
Knowledge-intensive employment7.65
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 5.93
Private R&D units10.65
State funded R&D units5.53
Innovation
Knowledge Output17.76
Grassroot innovations1.85
Patent applications filed7.36
Trademark applications filed3.72
Presence of startups14.16
Industrial Design applications filed 2.02
New businesses registered32.59
Publications65.44
Investment2.98
Expenditure on higher and technical education0
Expenditure on research and development (State govt.)5.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment3.89
FDI inflow5.19
Venture capital deals0
Business Environment20.16
Ease of doing business ranking71.43
Online services transactions15.69
Internet subscribers12.04
Incubator centres0.51
Common facility centres4.74
Cluster Strength47.15
Knowledge Diffusion32.51
ICT exports6.67
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities6.59
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 47.73
Citations65.52 232India Innovation Index 2020 233India Innovation Index 2020
The efficiency
of states can be
measured by dividing
Performance scores
with Enablers scores.
Efficiency of
Innovation
08 234India Innovation Index 2020
It is crucial to assess how efficiently the states use available
resources to obtain innovative solutions. The figure below maps
the efficiency of the states with respect to their innovation
scores, which is measured for each state by dividing its
Performance scores with Enablers scores. The states that score
an efficiency of less than 1 are those that have not been able to
attain a level of performance proportionate to the strength of
their enabling factors.
The states that score an
efficiency of less than
1 are those which have
not been able to attain
a level of performance
proportionate to the
strength of their enabling
factors.
The average efficiency ratio of all the states comes down to 0.62,
with 27 states achieving a ratio below 1. This implies that most of
the states have not been able to efficiently convert their enabling
factors into performance. At the top, Uttar Pradesh leads with an
efficiency ratio of 1.77, followed by Karnataka at 1.44, and West
Bengal at 1.38.
The efficiency of the states can also be measured with respect
to the country average scores by plotting Enablers scores
against Performance scores. Figure 23 has been divided into
four quadrants. The top right quadrant shows the states with
both higher Enablers score and Performance score than their
respective national averages, the top-left quadrant represents
states with higher Performance score but lower Enablers score
than their respective national averages, the bottom right
quadrant shows higher Enablers score but lower Performance
score than their respective national averages, and the bottom left
quadrant shows groups that are a cause for concern as they are
performing poorly on both parameters. Most of the states fall
under this quadrant.
Figure 22:
Efficiency in Innovation of Indian States 235India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 23:
Efficiency in the Innovation of Indian States
Compared with National Average
States like Delhi, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Chandigarh have attained scores well
above the average in both Enablers and Performance. Currently, there are only four states in the
top left quadrant, which implies that these states did not have strong enabling conditions but
were able to convert them to a level of performance that scored above the national average. The
states in the figure below are also color-graded based on their income per capita. Predictably, the
majority of the richest states have been able to provide the best enabling conditions for innovation.
The innovation efficiency ratio must always be analyzed jointly with innovation, Enablers and
Performance scores of the India Innovation Index. Higher ratios can also be attributed to low
Enablers scores. As a result, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have a higher ratio even though their
performance across input pillars has been weak. Both these states score above average in only the
Knowledge Diffusion pillar.
Another way to analyze efficiency is to divide the states into their innovation quartiles, where
states are categorized based on their innovation scores. This will allow a comparison of states
among their innovation peers. In Figure 24, the states have been divided into four tiers, with Tier
1 consisting of the most innovative states. A downward trend in efficiency can be observed in the
tiers, which means that most innovative states are those that are highly efficient on average in
converting enabling factors into performance. 236India Innovation Index 2020
Once again, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal emerge as exceptions. However, these states rely on
strong performance rather than strong enabling conditions. If these states are provisioned with the
latter, their overall innovation scores will improve significantly.
Figure 24:
Efficiency in Innovation of Indian States
Based on Innovation Tiers 237India Innovation Index 2020
A peek into how
regions have changed
their rankings since
the last edition of the
index.
Evolution of
States
09 238India Innovation Index 202M
A comparison of the current rankings with the previous ones can
help track the progress of states and serve as an incentive for
local governments to continue working toward improving the
level of innovation in their states.
Overall, Delhi has retained the top rank while Chandigarh made a
big leap from 2019’s ranking and landed the in second place this
year. Two other union territories, Daman and Diu and Puducherry,
have also made huge leaps in their respective rankings since last
year, and finished in the top 10 scorers. As the top ranker for both
years, Delhi managed to improve even further. Last year, Delhi’s
achievement was mainly driven by its Performance score while
its Enablers scores ranked significantly lower, but in the 2020
index, it ranked at the top in both the dimensions, thus achieving
a more balanced score. At the other end, Lakshadweep achieved
the lowest score among all the regions.
Daman and Diu is ranked third after Delhi and Chandigarh by
jumping three positions since last year, whereas last year’s third
rank-holder, Goa slipped to the 5th position. Goa also lost the
top rank in Enablers to Delhi. Jammu and Kashmir, which has
now been categorized as a union territory, secured an overall
26th rank among all states and finished second to last under its
respective category.
Among major states, Karnataka retained its top position, but
Maharashtra replaced Tamil Nadu in the second rank, while the
latter slipped to the third position owing to its comparatively
lower score in Performance. The scores of the rest of the major
states have also fluctuated slightly. Another change in this year’s
index is that Bihar replaced Jharkhand as the lowest ranking state.
Among the NE/Hill states, Himachal Pradesh moved up from
the second position to emerge as the top ranker this year, while
last year’s top performer, Sikkim, slipped to the fourth position.
There has been little change in the rankings of the rest of the
states within this category, except for Mizoram and Tripura. While
Mizoram significantly improved its position, Tripura slipped even
lower in the rankings, only scoring higher than Meghalaya, which
remained at the bottom of the rankings for both the years.
Some of the states have made huge strides since the last edition
of index was published, some maintained their positions, while
some slipped to lower positions in the process. Hence, it can be
deduced that the level of competitiveness is high among the
states, which is essential for them to continually improve on their
enabling and performance factors.
Two other union
territories, Daman and Diu
and Puducherry have also
made huge leaps in the
rankings since last year,
and finished in the top 10
scorers. 239India Innovation Index 2020
Table 7:
Ranking Comparison
Innovation Rank
2019MAJOR STATES2020
1KARNATAKA1
2TAMIL NADU3
3MAHARASHTRA2
4TELANGANA4
5HARYANA6
6KERALA5
7UTTAR PRADESH9
8WEST BENGAL11
9GUJARAT8
10ANDHRA PRADESH7
11PUNJAB10
12ODISHA14
13RAJASTHAN12
14MADHYA PRADESH13
15CHHATTISGARH16
16BIHAR17
17JHARKHAND15 240India Innovation Index 202M
Innovation Rank
Innovation Rank
2019NE AND HILL STATES2020
1SIKKIM4
2HIMACHAL PRADESH1
3UTTARAKHAND2
4MANIPUR3
6TRIPURA9
7ARUNACHAL PRADESH7
8ASSAM6
9NAGALAND8
10MIZORAM5
11MEGHALAYA10
2019UT AND CITY STATES2020
1DELHI1
2CHANDIGARH2
3GOA5
4PUDUCHERRY4
5ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS7
6DAMAN & DIU3
7DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI6
8LAKSHADWEEP9
-JAMMU & KASHMIR8
Note: Category of Jammu and Kashmir has changed compared to India Innovation Index 2019. 241India Innovation Index 2020
10
States can learn from
their peers on some
components and be
the role models on
other components.
Learnings &
Recommendations 242India Innovation Index 202M
The India Innovation Index, while calculating overall scores on
innovation and performance, also highlights the components
in different pillars and dimensions that substantiate the said
score. As seen from the analyses, states do not score uniformly
well in all the components, so a state can learn from its peers on
some components and be the role models for other regions on
some components. The categorization based on geographical
characteristics and administrative capabilities further facilitates
fair comparisons and creates scope for valued learnings.
Following are some of the observations that pave the way for
learning and improvement:
1. States such as Delhi, Karnataka, and Maharashtra have
retained their top position in the 2020 index. Chandigarh is
the new entrant to the top ranks, replacing Tamil Nadu from
the 2019 index. The scores of the top four states are within
a comparable range in terms of innovation, with Chandigarh
and Maharashtra having a difference of 0.5. However, these
states have varied performance, which is further highlighted
in Figure 25. Chandigarh has outperformed the other states
in four indicators of Human Capital, Knowledge Workers and
Safety and Legal Environment, but has underperformed in
Knowledge Diffusion. Delhi, which had outperformed other
states in the 2019 index in at least five components, has
maintained consistent performance in 2020, with the highest
level of Knowledge Output in both 2019 and 2020. Karnataka,
on the other hand, continues to receive the highest score
in Investment and has the highest Knowledge Diffusion.
Maharashtra continues to retain its position from last year and
has increased significantly in Safety and Legal Environment
alongside Human Capital, and Knowledge Workers. It has,
however, declined in Investment since last year’s rankings.
.
2. In the case of the low-performing states, as shown in Figure
26, the major deficiency in innovation and performance
indicators can be accrued to low levels of investment,
Knowledge Workers, and an inadequate Business
Environment. Arunachal Pradesh, which ranks the second-
highest in pillars such as investment and Knowledge Workers,
has a Knowledge Diffusion score of less than 1. These states
are much closer to the top-performing states in Human
Capital but that has not translated into adequate Knowledge
Output or Knowledge Diffusion. The focus for these states
seem to be on improving investments, Knowledge Workers,
and the Business Environment, which could help create a
conducive ecosystem to generate more Knowledge Output
and Knowledge Diffusion.
As seen from the analyses,
states do not score
uniformly well in all the
components, so a state
can learn from its peers
on some components
and be the role models
to learn from on other
components. 243India Innovation Index 2020
Figure 25:
Figure 26:
Comparing Top-Ranking States across Pillars
Comparing Low-Performing States across Pillars
The analysis of the index observations provides us with two broad categories of issues, namely,
national-level issues and state-level issues. While these issues must be addressed by the
collaboration of central as well as state governments, this section will point out the underlying
issues under the said categories. The national-level issues can be further broken down into state-
specific issues, as the former’s occurrence can be attributed to the existing regional imbalance
across several pillars.
Underlying Issues at National and State Levels
National-level Issues
This edition of the Innovation Index saw improvement in the overall average score, thus presenting
a promising growth for the Indian innovation ecosystem. However, India needs to focus on its
performance across key pillars such as Knowledge Workers, Business Environment, and Knowledge
Output. To achieve this, a few steps can be taken: 244India Innovation Index 202M
State Innovation Cells: States are the major source to kickstart any form of grassroots innovation.
To achieve the same, special government-backed entities must be established, such as innovation
cells. The purpose of such cells must be to promote the culture of innovation and foster the spirit
of entrepreneurship at various levels. This must follow a bottom-up approach where the said
culture can be imbibed from the school level. For instance, Telangana established its innovation cell
in 2017, thus paving the way for other states to follow.
Create State-level Engagements to Showcase Best Practices: Based on the pillar-level analysis, it
is abundantly clear that states have varying strengths and weaknesses. To celebrate this strength
and to promote peer-to-peer learning, a platform must be established to allow the sharing of best
practices. This aligns with the democratic practice of cooperative federalism and allows states to
learn from the success of their peers. Such a platform also holds tremendous potential to eliminate
any form of regional disparity and thus pushes forward the overall innovative capacity of the
nation.
State-Level Issues
1. One of the major challenges observed was regional imbalance with respect to the presence of research institutions in most North-Eastern and Central States. Weaker representation of both private and public R&D units shows the inability to tap into the innovative tendencies of these states. The central government can bring in reforms to revive the research ecosystem across the nation.
To promote business sector R&D, the government could target specific areas under which top R&D-intensive domestic firms are eligible for tax incentives, low-interest loans, and priority procurement.
The government must consider providing direct R&D grants to companies. This is a deviation
from R&D funding mostly going to academic institutions, with the absence of any intention
to commercialize innovative concepts. Such practices have been heavily recommended by
the US and Israel.
2. Another problem that comes to light due to regional imbalance is the lack of incubator centres
that hurt the growth of young businesses and innovation ventures. To combat this, a tier-
based incubator ecosystem must be established. This must involve creating outcome-oriented
sustainable incubator models that foster the rise of competitive firms. While these businesses
may not be funded by venture capital deals, they will play a vital role in the health of local
economies and the innovation environment.
3. In terms of performance, limited grassroots innovations observed across the nation is a
major concern. Such innovations have been unanimously acknowledged as a cost-effective
route toward sustainable development. The innovations from grassroots at a state level can
set up precedents to push for a circular approach to nurture an innovation-driven economy
that is marked by limited wastage. Through successful outreach programs, the value chain of
grassroots innovation can be revived by the rural citizenry. This can be followed up by launching
a dedicated scale-up fund to allow grassroots innovations to transition into micro and small-
scale industries. 245India Innovation Index 2020
11
Innovation holds
the key to transition
any economy from
a developing one
toward the developed
category.
The Way
Forward 246India Innovation Index 2020
The objective of the index is to serve as an actionable tool for
policymakers to recognize challenges and address them to
improve the innovation ecosystem at both state and national
levels. This also allows states to carefully study and analyze
the performance of their peers and identify best practices. This
practice encourages cooperative and competitive federalism
amongst the states.
The current edition of the index is strengthened by its framework
when compared with the previous iteration, with the introduction
of new indicators across several pillars and also with the
modification of the methodology for certain indicators to
provide more accurate outcomes. To strengthen the core of the
index while successfully highlighting the results observed, the
following can be done in the successive editions:
• Showcase Best Practices: Under the ambit of cooperative
federalism, the best practices observed within the states
should be often documented and disseminated to
encourage peer-to-peer learning. For instance, based on the
exclusive challenges identified in the state scorecards, each
state can be pushed to emulate some of the best practices.
Practices such as low pendency of court cases observed
in Sikkim and the proportionately high number of online
services transactions as seen in Kerala can be showcased as
successful case studies.
• Focus on State-Specific Policies: To ensure that the index’s
framework is even more robust to capture the best picture
for the Indian innovative ecosystem, a micro-analysis of
the state-level policies must be done. The objective of
this reform is to focus on State innovation policies, local
innovation cells, and the Knowledge Output developing
from such entities. This will further delve into the state-level
nuances required to understand the underlying innovative
tendencies within a state.
As India heads into an uncertain future where the global
economy is still reeling from the pandemic, innovation holds the
key to transition any economy from a developing one toward the
developed category. India has the potential and capacity to be
such a nation that can transform its economic identity by relying
on innovation. The central Government consulted stakeholders
to formulate the STIP 2020. This is a crucial step to allow a
decentralized focus on innovation where policies are inclusive
and the benefits follow the bottom-up approach. A policy
such as the STIP holds the promise that would allow successful
leverage of the strengths of each state and thus convert their
Enablers into Performance.
As India heads into an
uncertain future where
the global economy is
still reeling from the
pandemic, innovation
holds the key to
transition any developing
economy toward the
developed category. 247India Innovation Index 202M
1. Chattopadhyay, D. (2020). Financing Innovation in India: Challenges and Opportunities. Global
Innovation Index 2020, (157-162)
2. Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO (2020). The Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will
Finance Innovation? Ithaca, Fontainebleau, and Geneva.
3. Fagerberg, J., Martin, B. R., & Andersen, E. S. (Eds.). (2013). Innovation studies: evolution and
future challenges. OUP Oxford.
4. Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C., & Nelson, R. R. (Eds.). (2005). The Oxford handbook of innovation.
Oxford university press.
5. Kapoor, A. & Goyal, S. (2020). “How Ministry of Textiles Developed the Indigenous Supply
Chain in India for Manufacturing of High-Quality PPEs and Testing Swabs during COVID-19
Pandemic Situation”. Institute for Competitiveness. https://competitiveness.in/report-on-
manufacturing-of-ppe/ (last accessed 15 December 2020)
6. Kurup, R. (2020, May 06). Delhi ranks top in Internet penetration, Kerala comes second. The
Hindu Business Line. Retrieved from https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/delhi-
ranks-top-in-internet-penetration-kerala-comes-second/article31516751.ece
7. Ministry of Human Resource and Development. (2019). All India Survey on Higher Education
2018-19. New Delhi.
8. Mukherjee, A. Bajaj, P & Gulati, S. (2019). “Demographic Changes and their Macroeconomic
Ramifications in India”. RBI Bulletin July 2019. https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/bulletin/
pdfs/01art11072019c6e50f97d88d48feb06d7056289dcd69.pdf (last accessed 15 December
2020)
9. Nair, A., Guldiken, O., Fainshmidt, S., & Pezeshkan, A. (2015). Innovation in India: A review of
past research and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(4), 925-958.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10490-015-9442-z (last accessed 15 December
2020)
10. Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010). Principal component analysis. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews:
computational statistics, 2(4), 433-459.
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Journal of applied psychology, 78(1), 98.
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principal components analysis. Health policy and planning, 21(6), 459-468.
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References: 248India Innovation Index 2020 249India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix
12 250India Innovation Index 2020
Dimension Indicator nameDefinitionSource
Enablers
Enrolment in PhDEnrolment in PhD in the state
(per lakh of population)
AISHE-All India Survey
of Higher Education
Enrolment in
engineering and
technology
Intake in Engineering and
Technology at UG, PG and
Diploma level (per lakh of
population between 18-23
years)
AICTE - All India
Council for Technical
Education
Colleges connected
through NMEICT
Number of colleges connected
through ICT (National Mission
in Education through ICT) (%
of total colleges)
AISHE-All India Survey
of Higher
Higher education
institutions with
NAAC grade A and
above
Number of higher education
institutions with NAAC grade
A and above (% of total
institutions graded by NAAC in
the state)
NAAC-National
Assessment and
Accreditation Council
Pupil-Teacher Ratio-
Higher Education
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR):
Average number of pupils
(students) per teacher at
regular university level
AISHE-All India Survey
of Higher Education
Schools with ICT
labs
Percentage of schools with
Information & Technology
Labs
U-DISE – Unified-
District Information
System for Education
National
Achievement Survey
(NAS) Scores (Class
X)
Assessment in modern
Indian language, English,
mathematics, science and
social studies (Class X NAS
Scores)- Average score
NCERT-National
Council for Education
Research and Training
Expenditure on
higher and technical
education
State government
expenditure on higher and
technical education (per
lakh of population) (Capital
Expenditure); Average of three
years
MHRD- Analysis of
Budgeted Expenditure
on Education
Expenditure on
Research and
Development (State
Govt.)
State government on Research
and Development (% of GSDP);
Average of three years
DST- Department of
Science & Technology,
Ministry of Science &
Technology
Expenditure on
Science, Technology
and Environment
Expenditure on Science,
Technology and Environment
by state government (% of
GSDP) (Revenue Expenditure);
Average of three years
RBI- State Finances- A
Study of State Budgets
Appendix A: Indicator definitions and sources
Human
Capital
Investment 251India Innovation Index 2020
FDI inflows Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI), (% of GSDP)
DPIIT-Department for
Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade
Venture capital
deals
Venture capital investment:
Number of deals (per crore of
GSDP)
DPIIT-Department for
Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade
Knowledge-
intensive
employment
Employment in Knowledge-
intensive services (employment
in aerospace vehicles and
defence, biopharmaceutical,
medical devices, information
technology and analytical
instruments, video production
and distribution and
production technology &
heavy machinery) (% of total
employment)
ASI- Annual Survey
of Industries,
Ministry of Statistics
and Programme
Implementation
NGOs involved in
knowledge intensive
areas
Number of NGOs involved
in knowledge intensive areas
(per lakh of population)
(following sectors-
biotechnology, information
and communication
technology, new & renewable
energy, Science & technology,
scientific and industrial
research, urban development
and poverty alleviation and
water resources.)
NGO Darpan
Private R&D unitsNumber of private R&D
units in the state (per lakh of
population)
DST- Department of
Science & Technology
State funded R&D
units
Number of R&D Institutions
funded by the state (per lakh
of population)
DST- Department of
Science & Technology
Ease of Doing
Business Ranking
Ease of Doing Business rankDPIIT-Department for
Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade
Online services
transaction
Total amount of online services
transactions (per thousand
population)
e-TAAL
Internet subscribersNumber of internet
subscribers per 100 population
TRAI- Telecom
Regulatory Authority
of India
Incubator centresNumber of Incubator centres
in the state (per lakh of
population)
DPIIT- Start-up India
Common Facility
Centres
Number of MSME Common
Facility Centres in the state
(per lakh of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises- MSME)
MSME- Ministry of
Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment 252India Innovation Index 2020
Cluster StrengthCluster strength represents
the potential of a region’s
cluster portfolio measured by
summing up the performance
across individual clusters.
PM-EAC, Clusters:
The Drivers of
Competitiveness
Information
Technology /
Intellectual Property
related Acts
Information Technology /
Intellectual Property related
Acts (Rate of offenses) (Total
Cases reported under IT and
IP/Total Population) x 10000
i.e., Incidence of crimes
relating to IT & IP per one lakh
of population
NCRB- National Crime
Records Bureau
Cyber-crime police
stations
Number of cybercrime special
police stations (per lakh of
population)
BPRD- Bureau of
Police Research &
Development
Pendency of court
cases
Percentage of court cases
pending (10 years and above)
NJDG- National
Judiciary Data Grid
Performance
Grassroots
innovations
Number of grassroots
innovations in the state (per
lakh of population)
NIF- National
Innovation Foundation
Patents applications
filed
Number of patent applications
filed in the state (per lakh of
population)
DPIIT- IP India
Trademark
application filed
Number of trademarks
applications filed in the state
(per lakh of population)
DPIIT- IP India
Industrial design
applications filed
Number of Industrial design
applications filed in the state
(per lakh of population)
DPIIT- IP India
Presence of startupsNumber of start-ups in the
state (per crore of GSDP)
DIPP- Start-up India
New businesses
registered
Number of new companies
and LLPs registered during
2019-20 (per crore of GSDP)
MCA- Ministry of
Corporate Affairs
Publications Composite score using
combined metric for
Publications (PU) and number
of colleges in NIRF Ranking
2020 (Top 100)
NIRF- National
Institute Ranking
Framework
ICT exports Telecommunications,
computers and information
services export (% of GSDP)
STPI- Software
Technology Parks of
India
High and medium
high-tech
manufacturing
entities
Number of high tech
and medium high-tech
manufacturing entities (per
crore of GSDP)- companies
with investment in plant and
machinery above ten crore
rupees- in the state
DPIIT
Geographical
Indications GI
registered
Number of registered
Geographical Indications in a
state
DPIIT- IP India
Safety
& Legal
Environment
Knowledge Output
Knowledge
Diffusion 253India Innovation Index 2020
Citations Composite score using
combined matric for Quality of
Publications (QP) and number
of colleges in NIRF Ranking
2020 (Top 100)
NIRF- National
Institute Ranking
Framework
Appendix B: Data availability
Indicator nameYear
Enrolment in PhD2018-19
Enrolment in engineering and technology2019-20
Colleges connected through NMEICT2018-19
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above2019-20
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education2018-19
Schools with ICT labs2016-17
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 2017
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2017-18, 2016-17 and 2015-16
Expenditure on Research and Development (State Govt.)2017-18, 2016-17 and 2015-16
Expenditure on Science, Technology and Environment 2019-20, 2018-19 and 2017-18
FDI inflows2019-20 (Oct-19 to June 2020)
Venture capital deals2018
Knowledge-intensive employment2017-18
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas2020
Private R&D units2018
State funded R&D units2018
Ease of Doing Business Ranking2019
Online services transaction2019-20
Internet subscribers2019-20
Incubator centres2020
Common Facility Centres2020
Cluster Strength2018
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related Acts2018
Cyber-crime police stations2019
Pendency of court cases2020
Grassroots innovations2020
Patents applications filed2018-19
Trademark application filed2018-19
Industrial design applications filed2018-19
Presence of startups2020
New businesses registered2019-20
Publications2020
ICT exports2017-18
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities 2018
Geographical Indications GI registered2018-19
Citations2020 254India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix C: Inverted indicators
Appendix D: Weights
Inverted Indicators
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education
Ease of doing business ranking
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related Acts
Pendency of court cases
Indicator NameWeight
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.137346
Enrolment in engineering and technology0.163986
Colleges connected through NMEICT0.138516
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above 0.149776
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education0.143949
Schools with ICT labs0.126296
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)0.140132
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education0.170279
Expenditure on Research and Development (State Govt.) 0.208511
Expenditure on Science, Technology and Environment0.226097
FDI inflows0.19779
Venture capital deals0.197324
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.28947
Number of NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.232384
Private R&D units0.242728
State funded R&D units0.235419
Business Environment
Ease of Doing Business Ranking0.129336
Online services transaction0.171585
Internet subscribers0.188393
Incubator centres0.155574
Common Facility Centres0.179883
Cluster Strength0.175229
Safety and Legal Environment
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related acts 0.315309
Cyber-crime police stations0.299293
Pendency of court cases0.385398
Knowledge Output
Grassroots innovations0.013292 255India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix E: Best case and worst case scenarios
Indicator NameBest case Worst case
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD81.57658 0
Enrolment in engineering and technology6998.039 0
Colleges connected through NMEICT
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and above40.74074 0
Pupil-Teacher Ratio- Higher Education12 61
Schools with ICT labs86.6 6.2
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X) 44.7348 0
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education51044937 733405.1
Expenditure on Research and Development (State Govt.) 0.808495 0
Expenditure on Science, Technology and Environment 0.367294 0
FDI inflows7.995584 8.17E-05
Venture capital deals3.44193 0
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment81.22997 0
Number of NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 11.41539 0
Private R&D units2.273912 0
State funded R&D units0.495295 0
Business Environment
Ease of Doing Business Ranking1 29
Online services transaction35303.8 1000.5
Internet subscribers202.71 30.35
Incubator centres2.364805 0
Common Facility Centres1.428571 0
Cluster Strength123 0
Patents applications filed0.174702
Trademark application filed0.191848
Industrial design applications filed0.142278
Presence of start-ups0.176851
New businesses registered0.189757
Publications0.111271
Knowledge Diffusion
ICT exports0.282836
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.155677
Geographical Indications GI registered0.295961
Citations0.265526 256India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix F: Dimension and Pillar scores
State
Innovation
Enablers
Human Capital
Investment
Knowledge Workers
Business
Environment
Safety and Legal
Environment
Performance
Knowledge Output
Knowledge Diffusion
ANDHRA
PRADESH
24.1933.1447.434.120.8630.0663.2415.259.3521.14
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
14.927.4635.0833.667.772.7858.022.354.070.62
ASSAM 16.3819.7532.085.445.699.4146.15 1310.2815.73
BIHAR 14.4814.4320.982.493.515.1740.0214.5313.4115.66
CHHATTIS-
GARH
15.7725.7635.776.154.2815.1767.465.78 6 5.55
DELHI 46.640.0849.8119.7228.3539.72 62.853.1282.8323.42
GOA 24.9239.7655.8413.4333.5236.959.0910.0918.391.79
GUJARAT 23.6329.2844.9710.8121.1626.8742.5917.9817.0718.9
HARYANA 25.8132.5947.2216.4915.5718.9664.6919.0322.8515.22
HIMACHAL
PRADESH
25.0636.2844.5810.4936.8622.9166.5413.8514.3913.31
Safety and Legal Environment
Information Technology / Intellectual Property related acts0 9.1
Cyber-crime police stations0.16378 0
Pendency of court cases0 14
Knowledge Output
Grassroots innovations276 6
Patents applications filed7.8747 0
Trademark application filed319.7176 0
Industrial design applications filed40.28827 0
Presence of start-ups0.023513 0.001335
New businesses registered0.030011 0.00035
Publications100 0
Knowledge Diffusion
ICT exports13.54296 0
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities 0.00158 0
Geographical Indications GI registered44 0
Citations100 0 257India Innovation Index 2020
JAMMU &
KASHMIR
18.6226.8331.0412.9916.849.9963.3110.418.911.93
JHARKHAND 17.1222.6323.1626.052.7711.6349.5411.612.610.61
KARNATAKA 42.534.8154.2733.0122.5824.4339.7550.1928.1372.26
KERALA 30.5836.9759.729.1815.3437.1263.4624.217.8630.54
MADHYA
PRADESH
20.8225.432.7 7.478.3614.7963.66 16.2413.7418.75
MAHARASH-
TRA
38.0334.7146.4313.0422.8129.2662.01 41.3534.5748.12
MANIPUR 22.7837.3240.0141.1829.874.0471.52 8.2313.972.48
MEGHALAYA 12.1519.2330.733.9310.924.3346.26 5.074.355.79
MIZORAM 16.9327.7942.6210 1.024.5780.73 6.088.024.13
NAGALAND 14.1126.1136.016.766.584.3676.86 2.112.361.86
ODISHA 18.9420.9342.1 3.245.668.9444.71 16.9410.8223.06
PUNJAB 22.5430.0353.095.1 9.8614.267.91 15.0516.6513.46
RAJASTHAN 20.8325.741.655 8.2517.2156.4 15.9612.8519.07
SIKKIM 20.2838.9845.7613.5332.673.7399.2 1.582.310.85
TAMIL NADU 37.9136.5762.8 11.4316.0931.8460.68 39.2525.7752.73
TELANGANA 33.2331 45.9 7.9 16.2226.1658.81 35.4728.2242.71
TRIPURA 12.8423.3740.022.296.224.0964.22 2.324.010.62
UTTARA-
KHAND
23.529.6841.897.0122.6214.8362.04 17.3118.0416.58
UTTAR
PRADESH
22.8516.5318.235.216.7526.3526.09 29.1821.3736.98
WEST BENGAL 21.6918.2520.432.987.3320.1640.35 25.1317.7632.51
ANDAMAN
& NICOBAR
ISLANDS
18.8930.1641.3218.71.1823.7265.87 7.6215.230
CHANDIGARH 38.5741.5274.826.6230.0410.0386.11 35.6255.116.14
DADRA &
NAGAR HAVELI
22.7426.6332.137.9113.1113.4766.52 18.8619.9617.76
DAMAN & DIU 26.7626.6342.273.429.8114.962.75 26.8943.4810.31
LAKSHAD-
WEEP
11.7121.738.275.530 15.4749.25 1.713.430
PUDUCHERRY 25.2334.8372.391.4320.178.1871.97 15.6319.2112.05 258India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix G: Peer Groups
State Peer 1,Peer 2,Peer 3,Peer 4,Peer 5,Peer 6,Peer 7,Peer 8,Peer 9,Peer 10
Andhra PradeshTelangana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal,
Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
Arunachal PradeshNagaland, Sikkim, Mizoram, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Chandigarh
Assam Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Bihar, Odisha, Punjab, Goa, Tripura
Bihar Odisha, Punjab, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Haryana,
Uttarakhand, Kerala, Delhi
Chhattisgarh Assam, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Bihar, Odisha, Punjab, Goa, Tripura
Delhi Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
West Bengal, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
GoaTripura, Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland,
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Jammu & Kashmir
Gujarat Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
Haryana Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Delhi, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal
Himachal PradeshJammu & Kashmir, Goa, Uttarakhand, Tripura, Chandigarh, Meghalaya,
Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland
Jammu & KashmirHimachal Pradesh, Goa, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh, Meghalaya,
Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland
Jharkhand Chhattisgarh, Assam, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Bihar, Odisha, Goa, Punjab, Tripura
Karnataka Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
Kerala Haryana,Delhi,Madhya Pradesh,Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Punjab, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar
Madhya PradeshHaryana, Kerala, Delhi, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar,
Rajasthan, West Bengal
Maharashtra Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala
Manipur Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Puducherry, Meghalaya,
Chandigarh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman &
Diu
Meghalaya Puducherry, Chandigarh, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Tripura, Mizoram, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Mizoram Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Andaman & Nicobar
Islands, Puducherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Meghalaya, Daman & Diu,
Lakshadweep
Nagaland Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, Puducherry, Meghalaya,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman &
Diu 259India Innovation Index 2020
State Peer 1,Peer 2,Peer 3,Peer 4,Peer 5,Peer 6,Peer 7,Peer 8,Peer 9,Peer 10
Odisha Bihar, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Kerala, Uttarakhand, Delhi
Punjab Odisha,Bihar,Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Assam, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Delhi, Uttarakhand
Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha ,Bihar
Sikkim Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Puducherry, Meghalaya,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman &
Diu
Tamil Nadu Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
Telangana Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Kerala, Rajasthan, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, West
Bengal, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
Tripura Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Goa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Uttarakhand Jharkhand ,Chhattisgarh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Goa,
Tripura, Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Puducherry
Uttar Pradesh Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana
West Bengal Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Delhi, Kerala, Haryana, Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Bihar
Andaman & Nico-
bar Islands
Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Arunachal
Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya
Chandigarh Meghalaya, Tripura, Puducherry, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Dadra & Nagar
Haveli
Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Mizoram,
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya
Daman & Diu Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Mizoram,
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry, Meghalaya
Lakshadweep Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,
Mizoram,Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Puducherry,
Meghalaya
Puducherry Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim, Chandigarh, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh,
Mizoram, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli 260India Innovation Index 2020
Appendix H: Indicator Data
Andhra Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD10.03
Enrolment in engineering and technology 4509.35
Colleges connected through NMEICT14.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
3.78
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs20.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.10
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 3104201.06
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.10
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0013
FDI inflow0.25
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment10.26
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.65
Private R&D units0.82
State funded R&D units0.17
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking1.00
Online services transactions19952.90
Internet subscribers65.15
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.06
Cluster Strength 47.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.00
Cyber crime police stations0.002
Pendency of court cases1.25
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations7.00
Patent applications filed0.65
Trademark applications filed7.11
Presence of startups0.003
Industrial Design applications filed 0.12
New businesses registered0.0049
Publications32.04
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.11
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00013
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 19.00
Citations30.84 261India Innovation Index 2020
Arunachal Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD48.85
Enrolment in engineering and technology 910.63
Colleges connected through NMEICT2.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
3.70
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 31.00
Schools with ICT labs19.50
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.89
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 36831205.38
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.37
FDI inflow0.03
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 3.47
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1006.00
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.80
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases3.60
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations252.00
Patent applications filed0.36
Trademark applications filed1.95
Presence of startups0.0027
Industrial Design applications filed 0.07
New businesses registered0.0019
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 262India Innovation Index 2020
Assam
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD15.83
Enrolment in engineering and technology 255.68
Colleges connected through NMEICT12.40
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.79
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 31.00
Schools with ICT labs10.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.30
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 775779.09
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.16
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment1.49
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.70
Private R&D units0.04
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking20.00
Online services transactions2007.50
Internet subscribers41.06
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.08
Cluster Strength 27.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
5.10
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases1.41
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations31.00
Patent applications filed0.35
Trademark applications filed4.11
Presence of startups0.004
Industrial Design applications filed 0.02
New businesses registered0.0042
Publications45.69
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 7.00
Citations45.71 263India Innovation Index 2020
Bihar
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD3.23
Enrolment in engineering and technology 290.41
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.60
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.09
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 61.00
Schools with ICT labs14.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.24
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5370193.82
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.03
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow0.03
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment1.59
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.52
Private R&D units0.0039
State funded R&D units0.04
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking26.00
Online services transactions1452.10
Internet subscribers30.35
Incubator centres0.01
Common facility centres0.03
Cluster Strength 28.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.0009
Pendency of court cases12.51
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations37.00
Patent applications filed0.05
Trademark applications filed3.74
Presence of startups0.0042
Industrial Design applications filed 0.01
New businesses registered0.01
Publications36.15
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.000008
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0000026
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 13.00
Citations30.40 264India Innovation Index 2020
Chhattisgarh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD5.77
Enrolment in engineering and technology 956.89
Colleges connected through NMEICT18.20
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 28.00
Schools with ICT labs33.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.16
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 9573841.11
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.10
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.000081
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment3.49
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.42
Private R&D units0.04
State funded R&D units0.04
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking6.00
Online services transactions7300.10
Internet subscribers43.26
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 21.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.30
Cyber crime police stations0.0039
Pendency of court cases0.80
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations38.00
Patent applications filed0.16
Trademark applications filed7.72
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.08
New businesses registered0.0040
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.29
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00010
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 6.00
Citations0.00 265India Innovation Index 2020
Delhi
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD56.06
Enrolment in engineering and technology 728.58
Colleges connected through NMEICT16.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
25.26
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 52.00
Schools with ICT labs46.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)44.73
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 7198500.40
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0042
FDI inflow5.63
Venture capital deals0.63
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment10.75
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 2.84
Private R&D units1.98
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking12.00
Online services transactions5737.60
Internet subscribers202.71
Incubator centres0.33
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 58.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.30
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases0.78
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations21.00
Patent applications filed7.87
Trademark applications filed319.72
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 9.17
New businesses registered0.03
Publications59.98
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.28
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00063
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations61.51 266India Innovation Index 2020
Goa
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD20.29
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2507.00
Colleges connected through NMEICT8.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
19.64
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 16.00
Schools with ICT labs63.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.47
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 20034806.38
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.09
FDI inflow0.69
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment41.46
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.21
Private R&D units1.58
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking24.00
Online services transactions4021.40
Internet subscribers74.69
Incubator centres0.48
Common facility centres1.43
Cluster Strength 45.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.60
Cyber crime police stations0.07
Pendency of court cases7.09
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations19.00
Patent applications filed3.02
Trademark applications filed46.14
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.34
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.13
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000079
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 267India Innovation Index 2020
Gujarat
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD9.79
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1786.52
Colleges connected through NMEICT26.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.96
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 26.00
Schools with ICT labs53.00
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.47
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2459669.49
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.08
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.06
FDI inflow1.69
Venture capital deals0.11
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment15.25
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.49
Private R&D units0.59
State funded R&D units0.19
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking10.00
Online services transactions12683.70
Internet subscribers64.77
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.06
Cluster Strength 73.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.70
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases10.20
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations84.00
Patent applications filed1.44
Trademark applications filed47.85
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 1.97
New businesses registered0.01
Publications27.84
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.23
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00077
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 16.00
Citations30.61 268India Innovation Index 2020
Haryana
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD15.17
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2460.87
Colleges connected through NMEICT26.90
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.07
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 26.00
Schools with ICT labs48.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.47
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 8176221.42
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.07
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow1.21
Venture capital deals1.50
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment9.47
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.37
Private R&D units0.86
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking16.00
Online services transactions6067.60
Internet subscribers59.01
Incubator centres0.07
Common facility centres0.21
Cluster Strength 42.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.60
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases0.10
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations73.00
Patent applications filed2.05
Trademark applications filed63.24
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 1.62
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports4.18
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00041
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations0.00 269India Innovation Index 2020
Himachal Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD27.90
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1298.91
Colleges connected through NMEICT20.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.93
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs56.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.30
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 20180223.12
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.14
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0010
FDI inflow0.09
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment30.29
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.47
Private R&D units0.12
State funded R&D units0.50
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking7.00
Online services transactions8071.90
Internet subscribers81.62
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 43.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.10
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases0.67
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations49.00
Patent applications filed2.81
Trademark applications filed15.66
Presence of startups0.0031
Industrial Design applications filed 0.96
New businesses registered0.0039
Publications33.92
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.01
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000025
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 9.00
Citations29.88 270India Innovation Index 2020
Jammu & Kashmir
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD21.39
Enrolment in engineering and technology 664.91
Colleges connected through NMEICT14.90
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 35.00
Schools with ICT labs24.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)31.60
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 10514535.63
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.26
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0032
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment9.96
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.11
Private R&D units0.01
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking21.00
Online services transactions1250.30
Internet subscribers56.43
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.14
Cluster Strength 15.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.50
Cyber crime police stations0.02
Pendency of court cases3.12
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations79.00
Patent applications filed0.32
Trademark applications filed9.27
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.02
New businesses registered0.0044
Publications21.19
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.0034
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 9.00
Citations25.48 271India Innovation Index 2020
Jharkhand
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD8.80
Enrolment in engineering and technology 584.30
Colleges connected through NMEICT14.60
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.66
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 60.00
Schools with ICT labs23.00
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.32
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5737445.87
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.05
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.06
FDI inflow8.00
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment3.13
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.36
Private R&D units0.02
State funded R&D units0.01
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking5.00
Online services transactions1448.70
Internet subscribers30.35
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 28.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.90
Cyber crime police stations0.02
Pendency of court cases6.94
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations40.00
Patent applications filed0.49
Trademark applications filed3.81
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.05
New businesses registered0.01
Publications45.71
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.0029
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000022
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations41.67 272India Innovation Index 2020
Karnataka
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD21.77
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2835.61
Colleges connected through NMEICT31.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
4.21
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 15.00
Schools with ICT labs29.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)43.64
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 3157219.01
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.05
FDI inflow3.41
Venture capital deals3.44
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment12.42
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.56
Private R&D units0.70
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking17.00
Online services transactions3084.70
Internet subscribers69.06
Incubator centres0.10
Common facility centres0.26
Cluster Strength 82.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
9.10
Cyber crime police stations0.07
Pendency of court cases2.83
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations9.00
Patent applications filed3.58
Trademark applications filed29.07
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.72
New businesses registered0.01
Publications51.06
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports13.54
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00014
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 44.00
Citations51.03 273India Innovation Index 2020
Kerala
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD20.01
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2812.05
Colleges connected through NMEICT33.10
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
7.39
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs68.30
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)40.22
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 4453739.70
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.03
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.05
FDI inflow0.16
Venture capital deals0.67
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment6.48
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.21
Private R&D units0.22
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking28.00
Online services transactions35303.80
Internet subscribers75.01
Incubator centres0.08
Common facility centres0.46
Cluster Strength 55.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.20
Cyber crime police stations0.0029
Pendency of court cases0.90
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations37.00
Patent applications filed0.83
Trademark applications filed29.14
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.40
New businesses registered0.01
Publications41.39
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.59
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0000017
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 30.00
Citations42.44 274India Innovation Index 2020
Madhya Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD5.64
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1331.79
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.90
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.48
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 33.00
Schools with ICT labs18.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.32
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5551650.13
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.10
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.04
FDI inflow0.23
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment9.51
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.66
Private R&D units0.07
State funded R&D units0.06
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking4.00
Online services transactions2991.00
Internet subscribers43.26
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 30.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.60
Cyber crime police stations0.0013
Pendency of court cases1.69
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations13.00
Patent applications filed0.27
Trademark applications filed12.12
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.09
New businesses registered0.01
Publications43.88
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.12
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000080
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 11.00
Citations43.37 275India Innovation Index 2020
Maharashtra
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD7.83
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2031.08
Colleges connected through NMEICT24.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
7.73
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs44.40
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)38.65
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 776103.38
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.01
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow2.79
Venture capital deals0.84
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment17.07
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.16
Private R&D units1.04
State funded R&D units0.09
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking13.00
Online services transactions2333.10
Internet subscribers74.69
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.27
Cluster Strength 109.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.60
Cyber crime police stations0.04
Pendency of court cases5.21
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations6.00
Patent applications filed3.79
Trademark applications filed57.64
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 1.96
New businesses registered0.02
Publications68.17
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports3.66
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00019
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 33.00
Citations69.32 276India Innovation Index 2020
Manipur
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD38.10
Enrolment in engineering and technology 189.03
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.60
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.16
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 22.00
Schools with ICT labs26.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)37.84
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1437300.22
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.81
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.27
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.15
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 11.42
Private R&D units0.11
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1000.50
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 10.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.04
Pendency of court cases1.99
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations216.00
Patent applications filed0.25
Trademark applications filed2.52
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 4.00
Citations0.00 277India Innovation Index 2020
Meghalaya
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD38.86
Enrolment in engineering and technology 213.39
Colleges connected through NMEICT7.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
4.76
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 26.00
Schools with ICT labs7.70
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)27.67
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1280802.89
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0029
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.34
Private R&D units0.07
State funded R&D units0.20
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1075.90
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 12.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
2.10
Cyber crime police stations0.03
Pendency of court cases8.93
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations156.00
Patent applications filed0.20
Trademark applications filed2.29
Presence of startups0.0016
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0019
Publications17.83
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.03
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations18.00 278India Innovation Index 2020
Mizoram
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD71.36
Enrolment in engineering and technology 269.84
Colleges connected through NMEICT6.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
6.90
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs6.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)40.83
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 4542872.23
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.11
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.46
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking25.00
Online services transactions1989.60
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.50
Cyber crime police stations0.09
Pendency of court cases1.63
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations185.00
Patent applications filed2.28
Trademark applications filed1.28
Presence of startups0.0015
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0018
Publications13.26
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations14.12 279India Innovation Index 2020
Nagaland
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD24.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 372.02
Colleges connected through NMEICT12.10
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
6.15
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 19.00
Schools with ICT labs17.30
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)32.03
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2668769.94
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.06
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.67
Private R&D units0.05
State funded R&D units0.05
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1412.70
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 8.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.10
Cyber crime police stations0.05
Pendency of court cases0.79
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations128.00
Patent applications filed0.25
Trademark applications filed1.47
Presence of startups0.0030
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.00037
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 3.00
Citations0.00 280India Innovation Index 2020
Odisha
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD8.87
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1889.00
Colleges connected through NMEICT21.10
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
1.87
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs38.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)39.68
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2873960.23
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow0.03
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment1.25
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.61
Private R&D units0.07
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions3038.20
Internet subscribers43.95
Incubator centres0.05
Common facility centres0.15
Cluster Strength 30.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.50
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases10.38
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations72.00
Patent applications filed0.39
Trademark applications filed4.13
Presence of startups0.0034
Industrial Design applications filed 0.09
New businesses registered0.01
Publications43.58
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.66
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000041
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 16.00
Citations45.01 281India Innovation Index 2020
Punjab
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD32.78
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2449.61
Colleges connected through NMEICT22.20
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
5.77
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs52.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)38.03
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1655073.61
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.15
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0024
FDI inflow0.20
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment8.52
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.18
Private R&D units0.24
State funded R&D units0.09
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking19.00
Online services transactions3156.20
Internet subscribers83.45
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 22.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.70
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases0.20
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations16.00
Patent applications filed2.38
Trademark applications filed43.81
Presence of startups0.0030
Industrial Design applications filed 0.90
New businesses registered0.0047
Publications43.94
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.11
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000037
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations46.53 282India Innovation Index 2020
Rajasthan
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD15.23
Enrolment in engineering and technology 874.87
Colleges connected through NMEICT21.70
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.52
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 29.00
Schools with ICT labs43.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)43.16
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 735044.72
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0037
FDI inflow0.28
Venture capital deals0.54
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment7.70
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.42
Private R&D units0.11
State funded R&D units0.07
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking8.00
Online services transactions4263.00
Internet subscribers54.24
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 43.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.20
Cyber crime police stations0.0029
Pendency of court cases3.84
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations23.00
Patent applications filed0.44
Trademark applications filed18.10
Presence of startups0.0046
Industrial Design applications filed 0.44
New businesses registered0.01
Publications34.72
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.15
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000064
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 15.00
Citations35.06 283India Innovation Index 2020
Sikkim
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD65.35
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1611.23
Colleges connected through NMEICT18.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs25.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)37.46
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 22672215.52
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.07
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment81.23
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.33
Private R&D units0.16
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1864.80
Internet subscribers51.10
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 5.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.20
Cyber crime police stations0.16
Pendency of court cases0.00
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations172.00
Patent applications filed0.66
Trademark applications filed4.42
Presence of startups0.0013
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.00034
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.10
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 284India Innovation Index 2020
Tamil Nadu
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD35.79
Enrolment in engineering and technology 6998.04
Colleges connected through NMEICT30.30
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
7.11
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 17.00
Schools with ICT labs22.80
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)36.70
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 11077401.71
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.06
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0017
FDI inflow0.81
Venture capital deals0.74
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment8.06
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.45
Private R&D units0.65
State funded R&D units0.13
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking14.00
Online services transactions6113.20
Internet subscribers66.53
Incubator centres0.10
Common facility centres0.49
Cluster Strength 100.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.80
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases3.24
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations22.00
Patent applications filed3.31
Trademark applications filed26.21
Presence of startups0.0044
Industrial Design applications filed 0.87
New businesses registered0.01
Publications100.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports3.03
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00010
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 32.00
Citations100.00 285India Innovation Index 2020
Telangana
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD9.75
Enrolment in engineering and technology 4396.53
Colleges connected through NMEICT17.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.49
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 18.00
Schools with ICT labs17.50
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)39.01
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1851701.24
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.05
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.0023
FDI inflow1.36
Venture capital deals0.44
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment17.46
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.44
Private R&D units0.31
State funded R&D units0.13
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking3.00
Online services transactions13654.90
Internet subscribers65.15
Incubator centres0.13
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 47.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.80
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases2.05
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations16.00
Patent applications filed2.97
Trademark applications filed28.77
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.40
New businesses registered0.02
Publications47.49
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports8.29
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00030
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 15.00
Citations45.65 286India Innovation Index 2020
Tripura
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD6.15
Enrolment in engineering and technology 414.97
Colleges connected through NMEICT38.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
2.08
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 33.00
Schools with ICT labs33.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)33.68
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5395050.21
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.0019
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.14
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.03
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.08
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions1711.70
Internet subscribers51.99
Incubator centres0.03
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 6.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.60
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases1.35
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations83.00
Patent applications filed0.24
Trademark applications filed1.88
Presence of startups0.0027
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0033
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 287India Innovation Index 2020
Uttarakhand
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD46.22
Enrolment in engineering and technology 2181.41
Colleges connected through NMEICT15.20
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.47
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 27.00
Schools with ICT labs15.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)38.77
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 5728077.94
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.16
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow0.05
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment20.82
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 1.05
Private R&D units0.24
State funded R&D units0.22
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking11.00
Online services transactions2947.20
Internet subscribers38.58
Incubator centres0.04
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 53.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.40
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases1.69
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations82.00
Patent applications filed1.54
Trademark applications filed24.45
Presence of startups0.0047
Industrial Design applications filed 0.20
New businesses registered0.01
Publications59.95
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.07
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000067
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations58.17 288India Innovation Index 2020
Uttar Pradesh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD9.57
Enrolment in engineering and technology 919.01
Colleges connected through NMEICT18.40
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.50
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 46.00
Schools with ICT labs29.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)0.00
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 2353410.86
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.21
Venture capital deals0.44
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment8.39
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.78
Private R&D units0.09
State funded R&D units0.02
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking2.00
Online services transactions2204.50
Internet subscribers38.58
Incubator centres0.02
Common facility centres0.02
Cluster Strength 123.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
2.60
Cyber crime police stations0.001
Pendency of court cases14.00
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations9.00
Patent applications filed0.49
Trademark applications filed12.03
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.23
New businesses registered0.01
Publications62.26
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports1.63
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000072
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 27.00
Citations63.34 289India Innovation Index 2020
West Bengal
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD12.85
Enrolment in engineering and technology 717.83
Colleges connected through NMEICT15.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
3.71
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 35.00
Schools with ICT labs22.00
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)0.00
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 733405.08
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.04
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.01
FDI inflow0.41
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment6.22
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.68
Private R&D units0.24
State funded R&D units0.03
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking9.00
Online services transactions6382.20
Internet subscribers51.10
Incubator centres0.01
Common facility centres0.07
Cluster Strength 58.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.40
Cyber crime police stations0.01
Pendency of court cases12.14
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations11.00
Patent applications filed0.58
Trademark applications filed11.89
Presence of startups0.0044
Industrial Design applications filed 0.81
New businesses registered0.01
Publications65.44
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.90
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0001
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 21.00
Citations65.52 290India Innovation Index 2020
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD17.60
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1071.36
Colleges connected through NMEICT12.50
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
14.29
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 25.00
Schools with ICT labs21.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)39.78
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 51044937.43
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.53
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking22.00
Online services transactions3567.70
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres2.36
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases0.00
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations276.00
Patent applications filed0.53
Trademark applications filed9.46
Presence of startups0.01
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.0047
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations0.00 291India Innovation Index 2020
Chandigarh
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD81.58
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1805.94
Colleges connected through NMEICT28.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
40.74
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 28.00
Schools with ICT labs59.10
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)42.86
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 19837194.25
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow0.19
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment24.09
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.19
Private R&D units2.27
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking29.00
Online services transactions5758.90
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.28
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 19.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.20
Cyber crime police stations0.09
Pendency of court cases0.16
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations36.00
Patent applications filed7.20
Trademark applications filed201.24
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 1.89
New businesses registered0.02
Publications34.78
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports2.14
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations45.42 292India Innovation Index 2020
Dadar & Nagar Haveli
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.00
Enrolment in engineering and technology 638.40
Colleges connected through NMEICT0.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 29.00
Schools with ICT labs73.30
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)33.32
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 20477109.03
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow0.63
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment6.87
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.00
Private R&D units1.16
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking23.00
Online services transactions12747.10
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 19.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases1.39
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations59.73
Patent applications filed0.58
Trademark applications filed15.71
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 2.33
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.0015
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 293India Innovation Index 2020
Daman & Diu
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.00
Enrolment in engineering and technology 1481.93
Colleges connected through NMEICT30.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 14.00
Schools with ICT labs23.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.58
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 3648691.80
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment13.80
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.41
Private R&D units0.41
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking18.00
Online services transactions12617.70
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 18.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
0.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases2.96
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations42.27
Patent applications filed0.82
Trademark applications filed53.03
Presence of startups0.02
Industrial Design applications filed 40.29
New businesses registered0.01
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00089
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 1.00
Citations0.00 294India Innovation Index 2020
Lakshadweep
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD0.00
Enrolment in engineering and technology 0.00
Colleges connected through NMEICT0.00
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
0.00
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 12.00
Schools with ICT labs86.60
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)35.22
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 10217196.86
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.00
FDI inflow1.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment0.00
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.00
Private R&D units0.00
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking15.00
Online services transactions16303.70
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.00
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 0.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
3.00
Cyber crime police stations0.00
Pendency of court cases3.60
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations25.00
Patent applications filed0.00
Trademark applications filed0.00
Presence of startups0.00
Industrial Design applications filed 0.00
New businesses registered0.00
Publications0.00
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports0.00
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.00
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 0.00
Citations0.00 295India Innovation Index 2020
Puducherry
Pillars IndicatorData
Human Capital
Enrolment in PhD64.27
Enrolment in engineering and technology 6756.45
Colleges connected through NMEICT33.80
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
4.76
Pupil teacher ratio - Higher education 13.00
Schools with ICT labs50.20
National Achievement Survey (NAS) Scores (Class X)37.07
Investment
Expenditure on higher and technical education 1673754.27
Expenditure on research and development (State
government)
0.00
Expenditure on science, technology and environment0.02
FDI inflow0.02
Venture capital deals0.00
Knowledge Workers
Knowledge-intensive employment17.09
NGOs involved in knowledge intensive areas 0.96
Private R&D units1.28
State funded R&D units0.00
Business
Environment
Ease of doing business ranking27.00
Online services transactions3979.50
Internet subscribers55.12
Incubator centres0.08
Common facility centres0.00
Cluster Strength 18.00
Safety and Legal
Environment
Information Technology/ Intellectual Property related
acts
1.00
Cyber crime police stations0.08
Pendency of court cases3.60
Knowledge Output
Grassroot innovations20.00
Patent applications filed4.41
Trademark applications filed20.27
Presence of startups0.0041
Industrial Design applications filed 0.08
New businesses registered0.01
Publications29.66
Knowledge
Diffusion
ICT exports1.04
High and medium high-tech manufacturing entities0.000081
Geographical Indications (GI) registered 2.00
Citations30.49 296India Innovation Index 2020 297India Innovation Index 2020
Institute for Competitiveness, India is the Indian knot in the global network of the
Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School. Institute for
Competitiveness, India is an international initiative centered in India, dedicated to
enlarging and purposeful disseminating of the body of research and knowledge on
competition and strategy, as pioneered over the last 25 years by Professor Michael
Porter of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School.
Institute for Competitiveness, India conducts & supports indigenous research;
offers academic & executive courses; provides advisory services to the Corporate
& the Governments and organises events. The institute studies competition and its
implications for company strategy; the competitiveness of nations, regions & cities
and thus generate guidelines for businesses and those in governance; and suggests
& provides solutions for socio-economic problems.
www.competitiveness.in 298India Innovation Index 2020
Sansad Marg, New Delhi, India
www.niti.gov.in