India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025

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INDIA ELECTRIC
MOBILITY INDEX
Tracking Electric Mobility
Trends in Indian States

Disclaimer:
1. This document is not a Statement of policy by the National Institution for Transforming India (hereinafter referred
to as NITI Aayog). It has been prepared by WRI India in partnership with NITI Aayog, for the purpose of independent
policy-oriented research.
2. Unless otherwise Stated, NITI Aayog, in this regard, has not made any representation or warranty, express or implied,
as to the completeness or reliability of the information, data, findings, or methodology presented in this document.
While due care has been taken in the preparation of this publication, the content is based on information and analysis
available at the time of writing and may not reflect the most current policy developments or datasets.
3. NITI Aayog shall not be liable under any circumstances, in law or equity, for any loss, damage, liability, or expense
incurred or suffered as a result of the use of or reliance upon the contents of this document. Any reference to specific
organisations, products, services, or data sources does not constitute or imply an endorsement by NITI Aayog. Readers
are encouraged to independently verify the data and conduct their analysis before forming conclusions or taking any
policy, academic, or commercial decisions.
 

India
Electric Mobility
Index 2025
Tracking Electric Mobility Trends
in Indian States

FOREWORDS

II
Forewords

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States III

IV
Forewords

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
V

MESSAGES

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States VII

VIII
Messages

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025 is the outcome of the collective efforts and support
of several institutions and individuals. I am grateful to the Hon’ble Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog,
for his leadership and continued support for this initiative. I sincerely acknowledge the guidance
and insights of Shri Rajiv Gauba, Hon’ble Member, NITI Aayog, during the preparation of this
edition. The support of Shri Anurag Jain, CEO, NITI Aayog, in sustaining the IEMI and its
further development has been invaluable. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. O. P. Agarwal,
Distinguished Fellow, NITI Aayog for his valuable contribution to this work.
I am thankful to Ministry of Road Transport and Highways; Bureau of Energy Efficiency and
Central Electricity Authority under Ministry of Power; Ministry of Heavy Industries; Office of
the Controller General of Patents under Ministry of Commerce and Industry; and other relevant
Ministries and Departments whose policies, programmes and publicly available data have
provided an important foundation for this assessment. Their sustained efforts and initiatives
have also contributed significantly to advancing electric mobility in the country.
I am grateful to the nodal agencies of the States and Union Territories, concerned transport/
energy/industry/urban development departments, electricity distribution companies etc. for their
inputs and engagement during the preparation of the Index. Their participation helped capture
the diverse on-ground realities and varying levels of preparedness for electric mobility across
States and Union Territories. The valuable feedback and suggestions received from the States
and Union Territories further helped strengthen the framework and methodology of IEMI 2025.
The key role played by WRI India in development of the first edition of the IEMI and in further
refining it in the second edition is sincerely acknowledged. The guidance and leadership of Shri
Madhav Pai, CEO, WRI India and Shri Pawan Mulukutla, Executive Director, WRI India, have
been instrumental in shaping this edition of the Index. The support extended by the WRI India
team, particularly Chaitanya Kanuri, Arvind Manickam, Ankita Rajeshwari and Iranna Koppad,
in working closely with NITI Aayog to refine the framework and methodology for this year’s
assessment is deeply appreciated. The technical support provided by Trupti Deshpande and
Priyadarshini Alok of Energiva Ventures also made a valuable contribution to the development
of the Index.
Finally, this endeavour would not have been possible without the commitment and efforts of the
team from Electric Mobility Division. The significant contributions made by Dr. Shikha Juyal
and Gaurav Nemade are appreciated, and the valuable support provided by Amarjeet Singh,
Amit Kumar Yadav, Ghanshyam Thakur, and Rahul Kumar in reviewing the report is acknowledged.
Archana Mittal
Programme Director (Electric Mobility)
NITI Aayog
X
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTENTS

1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 5
2. India's E-Mobility Ecosystem......................................................................................................7
2.1 Status of EV Growth.......................................................................................................................................8
2.2 E-Mobility Policy Framework......................................................................................................................9
2.3 Importance of State Action.........................................................................................................................9
3. About IEMI...................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Need for the Index.........................................................................................................................................12
3.2 Objectives..........................................................................................................................................................12
3.3 Key Features.....................................................................................................................................................13
4. IEMI Framework............................................................................................................................14
4.1 Transport Electrification Progress...........................................................................................................15
4.2 Charging Infrastructure Readiness..........................................................................................................17
4.3 EV Research and Innovation Status........................................................................................................19
5. Methodology Overview.............................................................................................................20
5.1 Technical Notes...............................................................................................................................................21
5.2 Scoring...............................................................................................................................................................22
5.3 The IEMI Score................................................................................................................................................23
5.4 Theme Score....................................................................................................................................................23
5.5 Indicator Score...............................................................................................................................................24
5.6 Summary of Changes in IEMI 2025........................................................................................................24
6. IEMI Results 2025.......................................................................................................................26
6.1 IEMI Score.........................................................................................................................................................27
6.2 Transport Electrification Progress..........................................................................................................29
6.3 Charging Infrastructure Readiness.........................................................................................................33
6.4 EV Research and Innovation Status.......................................................................................................35
6.5 State and UT Ranking (2024 vs. 2025).................................................................................................36
7. State and Union Territory Profiles 2025................................................................................38
7.1 Andaman & Nicobar Islands.....................................................................................................................40
7.2 Andhra Pradesh..............................................................................................................................................42
7.3 Arunachal Pradesh.......................................................................................................................................44
XII
Contents

7.4 Assam.................................................................................................................................................................46
7.5 Bihar....................................................................................................................................................................48
7.6 Chandigarh......................................................................................................................................................50
7.7 Chhattisgarh....................................................................................................................................................52
7.8 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.....................................................................................54
7.9 Delhi....................................................................................................................................................................56
7.10 Goa......................................................................................................................................................................58
7.11 Gujarat ..............................................................................................................................................................60
7.12 Haryana .............................................................................................................................................................62
7.13 Himachal Pradesh..........................................................................................................................................64
7.14 Jammu & Kashmir..........................................................................................................................................66
7.15 Jharkhand.........................................................................................................................................................68
7.16 Karnataka..........................................................................................................................................................70
7.17 Keralam..............................................................................................................................................................72
7.18 Ladakh...............................................................................................................................................................74
7.19 Lakshadweep..................................................................................................................................................76
7.20 Madhya Pradesh.............................................................................................................................................78
7.21 Maharashtra....................................................................................................................................................80
7.22 Manipur..............................................................................................................................................................82
7.23 Meghalaya.........................................................................................................................................................84
7.24 Mizoram.............................................................................................................................................................86
7.25 Nagaland...........................................................................................................................................................88
7.26 Odisha...............................................................................................................................................................90
7.27 Puducherry.......................................................................................................................................................92
7.28 Punjab................................................................................................................................................................94
7.29 Rajasthan..........................................................................................................................................................96
7.30 Sikkim.................................................................................................................................................................98
7.31 Tamil Nadu......................................................................................................................................................100
7.32 Telangana........................................................................................................................................................102
7.33 Tripura..............................................................................................................................................................104India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
XIII

7.34 Uttar Pradesh................................................................................................................................................106
7.35 Uttarakhand...................................................................................................................................................108
7.36 West Bengal....................................................................................................................................................110
8. Annexure 1: Indicator Values for 2025...................................................................................112
8.1 Transport Electrification Progress.........................................................................................................113
8.2 Charging Infrastructure Readiness........................................................................................................115
8.3 EV Research and Innovation Status......................................................................................................118
9. Annexure 2: Methodology Documentation 2025...............................................................120
9.1 Terminologies and Definitions..................................................................................................................121
9.2 Index Structure: Themes, Indicators and Sources ..........................................................................122
9.3 Transport Electrification Progress........................................................................................................124
9.4 Charging Infrastructure Readiness.......................................................................................................132
9.5 EV Research & Innovation Status...........................................................................................................137
References.......................................................................................................................................................................141
XIV
Contents

TABLES
Table 1. Theme Weightages and Theme Score Notations.................................................................................23
Table 2. Indicator Weightage Notations..................................................................................................................23
Table 3. State-Wise Indicator Values for the Transport Electrification Progress Theme......................24
Table 4. State-Wise Indicator Values for the Charging Infrastructure Readiness Theme...................113
Table 5. State-Wise Indicator Values for the EV Research and Innovation Status Theme..................115
Table 6. IEMI Structure...................................................................................................................................................118
Table 7. Mode-Wise Classification of Private Vehicle Types............................................................................122
Table 8. Mode-Wise Classification of Commercial Vehicle Types................................................................124
Table 9. List of Datapoints...........................................................................................................................................125
FIGURES
Figure 1. Electric Vehicle Adoption Rate for the Derived Vehicle Segments, 2018–25
(source: Vahan Dashboard)............................................................................................................................................8
Figure 2. Electric Vehicle Policy Status of the States and Union Territories..............................................10
Figure 3. The India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) Theme Structure..............................................................15
Figure 4.Transport Electrification Progress Theme Structure..........................................................................16
Figure 5. Charging Infrastructure Readiness Theme Structure.......................................................................17
Figure 6. Electric Vehicle Research and Innovation Status Theme Structure............................................19
Figure 7. IEMI Theme and Indicator Weightages..................................................................................................22
Figure 8. IEMI Score for all States and Union Territories, by Category.......................................................28
Figure 9. Transport Electrification ProgressScore for all States and Union Territories, by category......30
Figure 10. Charging Infrastructure Readiness Score for all States and Union
Territories, by Category..................................................................................................................................................33
Figure 11. Electric Vehicle Research and Innovation Status Score for all States and Union
Territories, by Category..................................................................................................................................................35
Figure 12. IEMI 2024 vs. IEMI 2025: Comparison of State Rankings.............................................................36
Figure 13. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Andaman and Nicobar Islands......40
Figure 14. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Andhra Pradesh...............................42India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
XV

Figure 15. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Arunachal Pradesh.........................44
Figure 16. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Assam..................................................46
Figure 17. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Bihar......................................................48
Figure 18. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Chandigarh.......................................50
Figure 19. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Chhattisgarh......................................52
Figure 20. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Dadra and Nagar Haveli and
Daman and Diu..................................................................................................................................................................54
Figure 21. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Delhi......................................................56
Figure 22. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Goa.......................................................58
Figure 23. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Gujarat...............................................60
Figure 24. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Haryana..............................................62
Figure 25. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Himachal Pradesh...........................64
Figure 26. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Jammu and Kashmir.....................66
Figure 27. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Jharkhand..........................................68
Figure 28. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Karnataka..........................................70
Figure 29. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Keralam..............................................72
Figure 30. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Ladakh................................................74
Figure 31. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Lakshadweep....................................76
Figure 32. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Madhya Pradesh..............................78
Figure 33. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Maharashtra.....................................80
Figure 34. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Manipur..............................................82
Figure 35. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Meghalaya.........................................84
Figure 36. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Mizoram..............................................86
Figure 37. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Nagaland............................................88
Figure 38. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Odisha................................................90
Figure 39. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Puducherry.......................................92
Figure 40. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Punjab................................................94
Figure 41. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Rajasthan............................................96
Figure 42. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Sikkim.................................................98
XVI
Contents

Figure 43. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Tamil Nadu......................................100
Figure 44. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Telangana........................................102
Figure 45. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Tripura...............................................104
Figure 46. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Uttar Pradesh.................................106
Figure 47. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for Uttarakhand....................................108
Figure 48. IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator Scores for West Bengal....................................110India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
XVII

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
2W Two-wheeler
3W Three-wheeler
4W Four-wheeler
BEE Bureau of Energy Efficiency
BOV Battery Operated Vehicle
CEA Central Electricity Authority
CGPDTM Controller General Patents, Designs & Trade Marks
CoE Centre of Excellence
DD & DNH Daman & Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli
e-2W Electric 2-wheeler
e-3W Electric 3-wheeler
e-4W Electric 4-wheeler
e-HGVs Electric Heavy Goods Vehicle
e-LGV Electric Light Goods Vehicle
e-MGV Electric Medium Goods Vehicle
e-mobility Electric mobility
e-taxi Electric Taxi
EV Electric Vehicle
FAME
Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles
in India
FY Financial Year
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle
ICE Internal Combustion Engine
IEMI India Electric Mobility Index
INR Indian Rupee
LGV Light Goods Vehicle
XVIII
Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
MGV Medium Goods Vehicle
MoSPI Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
NT Non-transport
PM Particulate Matter
PM e-DRIVE
Pradhan Mantri Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle
Enhancement
R&D Research and Development
RBI Reserve Bank of India
RE Renewable Energy
UT Union Territory
USP Unique Selling Point
XIX
India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background
Electric mobility (e-mobility) represents an important decarbonisation and sustainability pathway for
India’s transport sector. Road transport is responsible for roughly 12% of the country’s energy-related
carbon dioxide emissions
1
and an estimated 18% of total nitrogen oxide emissions.Meanwhile, the
automotive sector is one of the largest sectors in the national economy. It accounts for about 7.1% of
national gross domestic product and nearly half of the country’s total manufacturing output
3
, while
simultaneously employing about 19 million people. In 2018, electric vehicles (EVs) constituted only
about 0.5% of all vehicle sales. However, by 2025-26, the share had reached 8.25%, with more than 8.7
million EVs on the road. In fact, EV sales in 2025-26 had grown by around 25% from 2024-25
4
.
Much of this increase in sales can be attributed to Central Government initiatives such as the Faster
Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric Vehicles scheme (FAME), Pradhan Mantri
Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement Scheme (PM E-DRIVE), and Production-
Linked Incentive scheme for auto components and battery cells. Charging infrastructure has expanded
rapidly as well, with public charging stations growing from about 5,151 in December 2022 to over
29,000 by June 2025.
5
The continued momentum of this transition now rests primarily with subnational governments. States
and Union Territories (UTs) govern the transport, power, industry and urban planning sectors, which
underpin the development of the EV ecosystem. By December 2025, 26 of India’s 36 States and UTs had
active EV policies. As the ecosystem matures, how well those policies are designed and implemented
will determine how quickly the transition advances and how much it delivers. A shared, transparent
framework for assessing subnational performance enables States and UTs to benchmark their progress,
identify areas for improvement and learn from effective approaches to facilitating e-mobility.
Objective of the Study
The India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) is a composite Index assessing both the policy framework
and implementation outcomes for e-mobility at the subnational level. NITI Aayog developed the IEMI
in collaboration with WRI India. IEMI 2025 is the Index’s second edition and measures the progress
of the Indian States and UTs toward e-mobility transition during the year 2025 (January to December).
The IEMI serves four purposes: recognising States and UTs that perform strongly, pinpointing
factors that most significantly influence the transition, prompting more ambitious action by States
and UTs, and reinforcing evidence-based policymaking. These objectives promote cooperative and
competitive federalism, allowing States and UTs to learn from one another, share effective practices
and strengthen their own approaches.
Methodology
The IEMI consists of three themes, each weighted in accordance with its importance to the e-mobility
transition. First, Transport Electrification Progress carries the greatest weight at 50% and captures
the extent of EV adoption across States and UTs, together with the enabling initiatives that support
this uptake. Second, Charging Infrastructure Readiness, weighted at 30%, evaluates the availability
of charging infrastructure and the broader conditions supporting its deployment and utilisation.
Finally, EV Research and Innovation Status has a weight of 20% and measures the innovation
system supporting the transition. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
2

These themes comprise 16 indicators, broadly classified into two categories: outcomes and enablers.
Outcome indicators track observed progress and collectively account for 50% of the overall
score. Enabler indicators cover the policies, institutional mechanisms and underlying conditions
contributing to these outcomes. Depending on the indicator, scoring is based on either relative
performance or absolute values.
Scores are expressed on a scale of 0 to 100 at the indicator, theme and overall Index levels. The
assessment draws on datasets from government platforms and dashboards, and it is updated annually
with the latest available information. Based on overall scores, States and UTs were classified into
four performance categories: Top Performers (≥65), Frontrunners (50–64), Emerging Performers
(35–49) and Aspirants (<35).
States and UTs were requested to provide feedback on the framework and methodology adopted
for IEMI 2024. Feedback was received from eleven States and UTs, namely, Bihar, Chhattisgarh,
Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab and
Uttarakhand. The feedback was duly examined and incorporated into the framework for IEMI 2025
to the extent possible.  This process led to the introduction of peer grouping into three categories
(Large States, UTs and City States, and Hilly and Northeastern States), expansion of data points,
use of more reliable datasets and better normalisation of indicators. This made the Index more
comprehensive, context-sensitive and reflective of the evolving e-mobility landscape.
Key Findings
Delhi recorded the highest overall score in the country at 84, followed by Maharashtra (78), Karnataka
(73), Chandigarh (71) and Goa (65). These five jurisdictions were classified as Top Performers. Among
the Large States, Maharashtra and Karnataka were the leading performers, while Manipur (46) ranked
highest among the Hilly and Northeastern States. Delhi, Chandigarh and Goa performed substantially
better than their peers among the UTs and City States, with the category exhibiting the widest internal
variation—the highest- and lowest-ranked territories were separated by more than 70 points.
Results also differed across the three themes. In Transport Electrification Progress, three States and
UTs—Delhi, Chandigarh and Maharashtra—were in the Top Performer category, while 14 of the 36
jurisdictions were in the Aspirants category. Charging Infrastructure Readiness presented comparatively
stronger performance, with Karnataka recording the highest score nationally at 97 and six States and
Union Territories achieving Top Performer status. EV Research and Innovation Status exhibited the
widest variation, with nine States and UTs classified as Top Performers and 17 as Aspirants.
Comparing the 2025 performance with that of 2024 showed that the top performing States and Union
Territories—Delhi, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Chandigarh—were consistent top rankers. Among
the remaining States and UTs, five showed improvement in rank by more than seven positions, while
three showed a decline by more than seven positions. The substantial ranking changes are attributable
partly to the actions by States and UTs, such as notification of EV policies, and partly to changes made
to the Index methodology. Some jurisdictions experienced a decline in rank despite maintaining or
improving their scores, reflecting broader improvements in performance nationally. Madhya Pradesh
recorded a substantial improvement in ranking, moving from 23
rd
to the seventh position.
3
Executive Summary

Conclusion
The second edition of the IEMI shows broad improvements in e-mobility performance across India,
while indicating considerable variation in levels of preparedness and progress across the States
and UTs. The IEMI scores for 2025 ranged from 10 to 84, with a median score of 40. The overall
performance of the States and UTs has improved compared with 2024, with the top score increasing
from 77 in 2024 to 84 in 2025 and the median score increasing from 36 to 40.
Progress remains uneven, with disparities between the metropolitan and remote regions and between
more industrialised States and the Hilly and Northeastern States. Limited charging infrastructure,
dispersed settlements and a nascent innovation ecosystem are some of the identified barriers
to progress.
For most States and UTs, Transport Electrification Progress remains the largest opportunity for
improving overall performance, with only three qualifying for the Top Performer Category in
this theme. Charging rollout and EV adoption are moving at different speeds across the country,
a sign that the transition is uneven. With the foundational EV policy in place for most States and
UTs, the focus must shift from policy formulation to effective implementation. With IEMI 2025
demonstrating the progress of each jurisdiction compared with the 2024 edition, policymakers can
see how each jurisdiction has progressed, benchmark performance against peers, set priorities and
adopt evidence-based action. Through these efforts, the IEMI can help accelerate India’s transition
to cleaner and more inclusive mobility.
4
India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States

INTRODUCTION
1

6
1 Introduction
Electric mobility (e-mobility) provides a viable pathway to a more energy-secure and decarbonised
transport sector in India. Road transport accounts for roughly 12% of the country’s energy-
related carbon dioxide emissions
7
. It is also a major driver of urban air pollution, responsible for
an estimated 18% of total nitrogen oxide emissions in India, while internal combustion engine
vehicles (ICEVs) release particulate matter and other pollutants that strain public health in cities
8
.
Vehicle registrations are also increasing rapidly, rising from 2 crore vehicles in 2020 to 3.1 crore in
2025-26
9
. This has increased crude oil imports, which reached 249 million metric tonnes by 2025
10
.
Road transport accounts for 70% of diesel and 99.6% of petrol consumption in the country, strengthening
the case for clean mobility
11
.
At the same time, India’s automotive sector accounts for 7.1% of the national gross domestic product
and close to half of the manufacturing gross domestic product
12
, while supporting nearly 19 million
jobs through direct and indirect employment. Globally, the country ranks first in the manufacture
of three-wheelers, second in two-wheelers and third in passenger vehicles
13
. Given that electric
vehicles (EVs) represented more than a quarter of all passenger vehicles sold globally in 2025
14
,
decarbonising the transport sector is no longer a trade-off between environmental and industrial
ambition, as the two agendas are increasingly converging.
The Government of India has set an ambitious target of 30% EV sales by 2030 and pursued it through a
coordinated set of measures. The Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric Vehicles
(FAME) and Pradhan Mantri Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM
E-DRIVE) schemes have together funded EV purchase incentives and public charging infrastructure
deployment for over a decade. The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes support domestic
production of advanced chemistry cells and auto components, recognising that electrification without
localisation would transfer import dependence from oil to batteries.
States have also assumed a substantial share of this responsibility. By December 2025, 26 of India’s
36 States and UTs had active EV policies covering adoption, charging infrastructure, research and
innovation, and manufacturing investments. However, policy notification is no longer an adequate
measure of progress. The more consequential question concerns policy design and whether States
are advancing beyond purchase subsidies and road tax waivers toward regulatory measures, charging
infrastructure, startup support, manufacturing-linked incentives and the broader ecosystem enabling
e-mobility to accelerate within their jurisdictions.
To support this transition, the India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025 builds on the 2024 edition
to track ecosystem progress across States and Union Territories. This second edition of the IEMI
applies the rationale and approach introduced in IEMI 2024, with methodological improvements to
better assess the performance of India’s 28 States and eight UTs over the past year. Through a year-
on-year comparison, the analysis identifies which States have sustained momentum and which have
narrowed the gap. By making that trajectory visible and comparable, IEMI 2025 intends to encourage
cooperative federalism, facilitate peer learning and inform the next round of policy and regulatory
intervention, thus supporting India’s transition to e-mobility.
India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States

INDIA’S E-MOBILITY
ECOSYSTEM
2

8
2.1 Status of EV Growth

India’s EV transition has gained momentum, driven by steady government support and industrial
growth. By 2025-26, EV penetration in India reached 8.25%, up from 0.5% in 2018. By 2025-26,
more than 8.7 million EVs were running on Indian roads
15
, and close to 2.5 million were registered
during 2025-26 alone, a rise of about 25% over the previous financial year
16
. Two-wheelers accounted
for most of this volume at 1.3 million units, followed by passenger three-wheelers, while passenger
cars held a modest and rising share of the total
17
. Commercial goods vehicles saw the sharpest
growth across the electric light, medium and heavy-duty segments, where penetration climbed
from 0.6% in 2024 to 1.4% in 2025
18
. E-bus adoption in India also gained momentum since 2021,
driven initially by FAME-II and more recently by PM E-DRIVE and Pradhan Mantri Electric Bus
Sewa (PM-eBus Sewa) scheme. As shown in Figure 1, the adoption of e-buses stood at 8.75% in
2021. However, continued assistance from the government and the interest of State Governments
kept the momentum going, with the adoption rate of e-buses sustaining 6.4% by 2025.

Figure 1: Electric Vehicle Adoption Rate for the Derived Vehicle Segments (Vahan Dashboard, 2018-25 ).
Notes: W: = wheeler; L5M = L5-category passenger carrier.
Charging infrastructure has expanded simultaneously, with the number of public charging stations
reaching 29,000 by June 2025. Moreover, vehicle assembly has scaled quickly, with established
manufacturers and newer entrants expanding their EV lineups across segments and price points.
Localisation of the component supply chain is also deepening, although the development of
domestic cell manufacturing has progressed slowly. Startups are working at the technical frontier
on cell chemistries suited to Indian ambient temperatures, motor and power-electronics design,
battery management systems, swapping networks and financing models for commercial fleets.
India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States

2.2 E-Mobility Policy Framework
The Government of India has committed more than ₹90,000 crore, spread across several ministries
and multiple fiscal years, towards public investment in demand incentives, charging infrastructure,
bus electrification, manufacturing support and research. The above amount comprises ₹24,000 crore
across the FAME-I, FAME-II and PM E-DRIVE schemes; ₹20,000 crore as central assistance through
PM-eBus Sewa; ₹44,000 crore for the PLIs on the National Programme on Advanced Chemistry Cell
Battery Storage and on the Automobile and Auto Component Industry in India; ₹3,435.33 crore for the
PM-eBus Sewa Payment Security Mechanism; and ₹1,150 crore for e-mobility-related research and
development (R&D)
19
.
States and UTs have added to this central effort. Besides the central subsidies, States and UTs have
committed ₹37,613 crore under PM-eBus Sewa
20
for public transport electrification, layered their own
EV purchase incentives onto the central FAME and PM E-DRIVE support, exempted EVs from road
taxes and registration fees, eased commercial permit requirements, and backed charging infrastructure
through fiscal and regulatory measures. Many have also offered capital subsidies, concessional land and
tax exemptions to attract EV and battery manufacturing investments to their regions.
With the central policy architecture providing a strong foundation, the actions taken by States and UTs
will shape the country’s trajectory as a leader in the global e-mobility transition.

2.3 Importance of State Action
States hold much of the authority to shape India’s move to e-mobility. They govern road transport,
power distribution, manufacturing and urban planning—sectors that together underpin the EV
ecosystem. Whether the transition succeeds depends heavily on how States design local policy, deploy
the required infrastructure and institutionalise the governance structure for e-mobility.
Several State departments play a critical role in enabling these transitions, including transport
departments, power departments, electricity regulatory commissions, distribution companies, industry
departments and skill development departments. Strong institutional capacity and coordination are
needed to stimulate consumer EV demand through holistic policies, close gaps in infrastructure, widen
access to skilling and improve affordability, while keeping the transition inclusive so that its benefits
reach all sections of the society.
In India, the first State EV policy was implemented by Karnataka in September 2017 with the launch
of the Karnataka Electric Vehicle and Energy Storage Policy
21
. Other States and UTs followed in rapid
succession, and by December 2025, 29 of them had notified their EV policies. Today, 26 States and
UTs have active EV policies, six have draft or expired policies, and only four States and UTs never
had an EV policy. These policies cover several parts of the e-mobility ecosystem, including demand
generation, supply-side support, skilling, employment and innovation, delivered through a mix of
fiscal and non-fiscal incentives. Each brings together incentives, programmes, partnerships and an
implementation plan to guide the shift toward e-mobility. Figure 2 shows the status of EV policies
across India’s States and UTs.
9
India’s E-Mobility Ecosystem

10
Figure 2: Electric Vehicle Policy Status of the States and Union Territories (UTs)
Several States are also revising their EV policies as they expire, making them more ambitious and
better matched to a maturing EV ecosystem. Through their renewed policies, Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra pioneered strong support for electric trucks in the wake of the PM E-DRIVE scheme.
In June 2026, Delhi notified a revised EV policy that became the first to set electrification mandates
for two-wheelers, three-wheelers and light commercial vehicles.
The approaches States and UTs are adopting vary widely and evolve quickly, making mutual
exchanges of knowledge and practice valuable. When States learn from peers about innovative and
proven policy initiatives and implementation strategies, they can adopt measures that accelerate
their own progress. Evidence-based decision-making also depends on a feedback mechanism that
assesses the impact of deployed policies, and it helps policymakers craft region-specific strategies,
use resources well and keep EV adoption equitable and inclusive.
M
Status of the EV policy
as of June 1, 2025
No policy
Draft policy
Policy notified
Expired
India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States

ABOUT IEMI
3

12

The IEMI is a composite Index assessing the policy framework and implementation outcomes for
e-mobility across India’s States and Union Territories (UTs). As the first government initiative of its
kind, it captures the pace and direction of the country’s transition while reflecting how progress varies
from one State to the next.
The IEMI rests on the principles of comprehensiveness, data-driven assessment, actionability,
inclusivity and transparency. It identifies the enablers and outcomes defining the e-mobility ecosystem,
and it measures how States and UTs perform against these metrics across successive editions. The
resulting picture lets governments benchmark where they stand and can inform how public funding
for clean mobility is allocated. Making performance visible in this way supports peer learning and
strengthens cooperative federalism. For private investors, it identifies States and UTs with the strongest
performance and the biggest room for growth.
IEMI 2025 is the second edition of the Index and captures a snapshot of subnational progress toward
e-mobility in 2025. Building on the 2024 edition, it adds a longitudinal dimension, showing how
individual States and UTs are progressing over time. These insights can guide targeted policy action
and help accelerate the transition to clean mobility.

3.1 Need for the Index

The IEMI is a dynamic platform to evaluate the progress of States and UTs in their endeavours to
accelerate the shift towards e-mobility. Globally, the IEMI is the first subnational-level e-mobility
Index, providing a comparative and ongoing evaluation of e-mobility development in Indian States
and UTs.
This Index evaluates the advancement of e-mobility and identifies key factors contributing to
a successful transition. It is designed to serve government officials, manufacturers, investors and
researchers with real-time data and clear analysis, aligning State and national efforts across the
planning, implementation and tracking stages. The Index facilitates peer learning among States, which
helps them make informed policy decisions, drive impactful interventions and attract private sector
investment. The assessments undertaken can help policymakers craft region-specific strategies, use
resources well and keep EV adoption equitable and inclusive.

3.2 Objectives
i. To recognise States performing well in this sector: The IEMI aims to highlight States that have
made significant progress in adopting and promoting e-mobility. This includes achievements in EV
sales, charging infrastructure deployment and financial incentives. By identifying top-performing
States, the Index provides benchmarks for others to follow and fosters a spirit of healthy competition.
India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States

ii. To identify key success factors with an outsized impact on e-mobility development: The Index
helps determine the most critical elements driving e-mobility adoption, such as policy frameworks,
financial incentives and infrastructure investments. Understanding these success factors allows
policymakers and industry stakeholders to prioritise their efforts effectively. It also helps States
learn from the best practices and adapt strategies to accelerate EV adoption.
iii. To encourage States to take a more proactive approach to e-mobility: By assessing and ranking
States, the Index creates a sense of accountability and motivates States to improve their policies
and implementation strategies. It serves as an instrument to identify areas that need additional
focus and investment. Additionally, the Index facilitates knowledge sharing and collaboration
among States, helping lagging regions adopt the best practices.
iv. To support evidence-based policymaking for sustainable EV growth: The Index provides
data-driven insights that enable State governments to design more effective e-mobility policies.
It helps policymakers understand regional gaps, infrastructure gaps and market readiness, leading
to targeted interventions. By promoting transparency and data-backed decision-making, the IEMI
contributes to a more structured and sustainable EV ecosystem in India.

3.3 Key Features

The IEMI is a dynamic platform assessing the performance of India’s 28 States and eight UTs along
with their ambitions and progress in accelerating the e-mobility transition.
The IEMI tracks and evaluates 16 indicators across three themes: Transport Electrification Progress,
Charging Infrastructure Readiness, and EV Research and Innovation Status. The IEMI is designed as
a simple and transparent Index, allowing for adaptation and enabling the addition or modification of
indicators based on the evolving e-mobility environment. The indicators are selected based on data
availability, and the reliability and consistency of the data. The selection process aims to minimise bias,
ensuring a fair and evidence-based assessment of e-mobility across States.
The Index provides a comparative analysis of Indian States and UTs so they can engage in peer learning
and deploy policy and regulatory interventions with a demonstrated impact. This enables more private
sector investments based on States’ performance and increases the potential for future growth.
The Index provides recommendations to States and UTs based on their initiatives and performance.
These recommendations outline the critical actions they must take to advance e-mobility.
The IEMI platform provides a library of external tools for analysis, including total cost of ownership
calculators, EV market insights, EV charging tools and other resources, all aimed at assisting users and
investors make informed decisions.
13
About IEMI

IEMI FRAMEWORK
4

4.1 Transport Electrification Progress
The Transport Electrification Progress theme primarily addresses the market absorption of EVs,
capturing critical metrics that reflect adoption and utilisation. As the most significant theme within
the IEMI, it is assigned the highest weight and plays a pivotal role in determining the overall success
of electrification efforts.
This theme’s importance stems from the fact that widespread EV adoption, both private and
commercial, is the ultimate indicator of consumer acceptance, market readiness and effectiveness
of policy interventions. Thus, EV adoption stimulates the manufacturing industry, and investments
in R&D. Moreover, the EV adoption rate directly influences the economic viability of EV
manufacturing and infrastructure development, creating a reinforcing cycle of demand and supply.
A robust demand for EVs drives economies of scale, technological innovation and cost reductions,
thereby accelerating the transition from ICEVs to sustainable alternatives.
By combining measurable outcomes with enablers such as governance initiatives, and financial and
non-financial incentives, this theme provides a comprehensive view of how demand-side factors
catalyse the electrification of transport. Figure 4 presents the Transport Electrification Progress
theme structure.

The IEMI is a collaborative initiative that fosters both competitive and cooperative federalism. While
the framework for the inaugural edition (IEMI 2024) was developed through consultations with Central
Government ministries, State government departments, industry stakeholders, and domestic and global
e-mobility experts, the second edition builds upon this foundation through a structured review of State
feedback. For IEMI 2025, feedback from States and Union Territories was systematically solicited,
documented and incorporated into the methodology. This process led to the introduction of State
categories (Large States, UTs and City States, and Hilly and Northeastern States), expansion of data
points, use of more reliable datasets and better normalisation of indicators. This made the Index more
comprehensive, context-sensitive and reflective of the evolving e-mobility landscape.
The IEMI themes comprise the demand drivers (Transport Electrification Progress), supply-side
ecosystem (EV Research and Innovation Status) and allied infrastructure (Charging Infrastructure
Readiness) required to support e-mobility progress. The three themes encompass 16 performance
indicators (parameters), categorised as outcomes and enablers. Outcomes are metrics that measure the
tangible results or impacts of policies, actions and initiatives aimed at promoting e-mobility. Enablers
refer to the conditions, resources, policies, actions and initiatives supporting and driving e-mobility.
Figure 3 presents the IEMI theme structure.
Transport
Electrification
Progress
Charging
Infrastructure
Readiness
EV Research
and Innovation
Status
Figure 3: The India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) Theme Structure. EV: Electric Vehicle
15
IEMI Framework

Figure 4: Transport Electrification Progress Theme Structure. EV: electric vehicle.
The Transport Electrification Progress theme includes the following indicators:
1. Private EV adoption refers to the share of private EVs in the total number of private vehicles
registered in the State during the assessment period. The assessment considers two vehicle types:
two-wheelers and four-wheelers.
2. Commercial EV adoption refers to the share of commercial EVs in the total number of commercial
vehicles registered in the State during the assessment period. The assessment considers six vehicle
types: commercial three-wheelers (excluding e-rickshaws), taxis, buses, light goods vehicles,
medium goods vehicles and heavy goods vehicles.
3. Governance initiatives are substantial initiatives taken at the governance level to plan, regulate
and accelerate EV adoption in the State. They are measured by verifying the following:
a. State EV policy was notified and is currently active (yes/no).
b. The State EV policy mandates an interdepartmental committee for e-mobility (yes/no).
c. A State website or portal for EV awareness is available (yes/no).
4. Purchase incentives are financial incentives to create demand and encourage EV adoption
by reducing upfront costs, making them more competitive than ICEVs. This indicator denotes
the annual per capita subsidy allocation, determined by the maximum subsidy per vehicle and
maximum limit on the number of vehicles. Purchase incentives include purchase subsidies on EVs
and are measured in ₹ per capita (based on the State population). They do not include road tax or
registration fee exemptions.
5. Transition initiatives are fiscal incentives offered by State governments to encourage the scrapping
of ICEVs in exchange for EVs and stimulate demand for converting and retrofitting existing ICEVs
into EVs. The indicators are measured as the number of initiatives present in the EV policy to
promote EV transition and are verified as follows:
a. The EV policy mandates the provision of vehicle scrapping incentives for EVs (yes/no).
b. The EV policy mandates the provision of an EV conversion kit or retrofitting incentives
(yes/no).
Private EV
Adoption ​
Commercial
EV Adoption ​
OUTCOMES
ENABLERS
Governance
Initiatives​
Purchase
Incentives​
Transition
Incentives​ Transport
Electrification
Progress
Operational Support
Initiatives​
Fuel Price
Parity​India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
16

6. Operational support initiatives are government initiatives to ease the usage of EVs in the State.
They are measured as the number of initiatives present in the EV policy to support EV operations.
They are measured by verifying the following:
a. The EV policy mandates the provision of reserved parking spaces or parking charge exemptions
(yes/no).
b. The EV policy mandates the development of low-emission zones in the State (yes/no).
c. The EV policy mandates permit exemptions for commercial EVs (yes/no).
d. The EV policy mandates interest subvention for financing of EVs (yes/no).
7. Fuel price parity is the ratio of petrol cost per litre to the public EV charging electricity cost per unit.
It indicates the units of electricity that can be purchased at the cost of one litre of petrol in the State.
4.2 Charging Infrastructure Readiness

The Charging Infrastructure Readiness theme evaluates the progress made in developing and
integrating public and semi-public charging infrastructure across States in India. It encompasses State-
driven initiatives and incentives aimed at facilitating the establishment of robust charging networks.
Additionally, it emphasises the promotion of renewable energy sources to ensure the sustainability of
e-mobility solutions.
Development of an accessible and reliable charging infrastructure network is pivotal for accelerating
the adoption of EVs in India. A well-established charging network not only addresses range anxiety but
also encourages a shift away from conventional ICEVs.
Furthermore, States that implement supportive policies and incentives for charging infrastructure attract
investments, stimulate local economies and create jobs in the clean energy sector. Figure 5 presents the
Charging Infrastructure Readiness theme structure. at implement supportive p
Figure 5: Charging Infrastructure Readiness Theme Structure. RE: renewable energy.
17
IEMI Framework

The Charging Infrastructure Readiness theme includes the following indicators:
1. Charger-to-vehicle ratio is the total number of public charging points per lakh vehicles registered
in the State.
2. Capital subsidies for public charging infrastructure refer to financial support from State
Governments to set up public charging infrastructure. The indicator is evaluated based on EV
policy mandates for the provision of capital subsidies to set up public chargers in the State.
3. Charging infrastructure development initiatives refer to steps taken by State Governments to
accelerate the approval process (and incentives) for setting up public chargers in the State. The
indicator evaluates the presence of the following State initiatives:
a. The EV policy mandates a single-window system or fixed lead time for approvals for charging
infrastructure connections (yes/no).
b. The EV policy mandates the provision of concessional rates for land for public charging
(yes/no).
c. The State or UT has a nodal agency for charging infrastructure (yes/no).

4. Building bye-laws and mandates refer to government initiatives to promote and integrate
public and private EV charging with the State’s development control regulations. It is measured by
verifying the following:
a. The EV policy mandates building bye-laws for the integration of EV charging in new buildings
(yes/no).
b. The EV policy recommends installation of EV charging stations in existing buildings (yes/no).
5. Share of renewable energy generation capacity is the ratio of a State’s renewable energy
generation capacity to its total installed electricity generation capacity.
6. Power availability is measured in terms of the deficit between power demand and power supply
for States and UTs. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
18

Figure 6: Electric Vehicle (EV) Research and Innovation Status Theme Structure. R&D: research and development.
The EV Research and Innovation Status theme includes the following indicators:
1. The total number of startups in the State recognised as EV startups by Startup India is normalised
against gross State domestic product (GSDP). The indicator is measured as startups per trillion GSDP.
2. R&D initiatives are the State Government’s actions to promote R&D in e-mobility through fiscal
and non-fiscal measures. They are measured by verifying the following:
a. The EV policy mandates initiatives on setting up R&D centres for skill development (yes/no).
b. The EV policy mandates the establishment of Centres of Excellence in the State (yes/no).
c. The EV policy mandates the setting up of polytechnic or short-term courses on e-mobility
(yes/no).
3. The total number of EV-related patents filed by Intellectual Property India is normalised with
GSDP. The indicator is measured as the number of patents per trillion GSDP.
Chapter 5 presents the assessment framework and overview of the Index methodology. Detailed
data sources and evaluation methodologies for all indicators listed across the three themes are
documented in Annexure 2.
4.3 EV Research and Innovation

The EV Research and Innovation Status theme evaluates the efforts of States to foster R&D and
innovation in the e-mobility ecosystem. This theme emphasises the role of local innovation ecosystems,
research collaborations and skill development programmes in driving technological advancements and
enhancing the adoption of EVs.
By fostering collaborations between academic institutions, research organisations and industry
stakeholders, States can accelerate breakthroughs in battery technology, charging solutions and EV
manufacturing processes.
Additionally, initiatives such as innovation hubs, skill development programmes and State-funded
research grants ensure that the local talent is equipped to meet the growing demands of the EV
sector. Figure 6 presents the EV Research and Innovation Status theme structure.
OUTCOMES
ENABLERS
EV Research
and Innovation
Status
R&D Initiatives Patent
EV Startups
19
IEMI Framework

METHODOLOGY
OVERVIEW
5

The IEMI methodology involves the selection of data points, data collection processes and evaluation
methods for outcome and enabler indicators across States and UTs. This section details the technical
notes, scoring methodology and key enhancements introduced in IEMI 2025 compared with IEMI 2024.
States and UTs were requested to provide feedback on the framework and methodology adopted
for IEMI 2024. Feedback was received from eleven States and UTs, namely, Bihar, Chhattisgarh,
Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab
and Uttarakhand. The feedback was duly examined and incorporated into the framework for
IEMI 2025 to the extent possible.  This process led to the introduction of peer grouping into three
categories (Large States, UTs and City States, and Hilly and Northeastern States), expansion of
data points, use of more reliable datasets and better normalisation of indicators. This made the
Index more comprehensive, context-sensitive and reflective of the evolving e-mobility landscape.
5.1 Technical Notes
5.1.1 Selecting Indicators
The selection of indicators focused on demand, supporting infrastructure and innovation. Indicators
were chosen based on their relevance, alignment with the local context and availability of reliable
data. They were designed to evaluate State-level efforts and outcomes across various dimensions of
the e-mobility ecosystem. Each indicator was assessed using one or more data points to ensure a
comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem’s performance.
The indicators were developed through multiple stakeholder consultations with government and industry
stakeholders as well as e-mobility researchers and experts. Key stakeholders included Central Government
ministries; State Government and UT departments; industry representatives including auto manufacturers,
fleet operators and charge point operators; and experts from academic institutions and research think tanks.
In 2023, the pilot Index was tested in five States: Delhi, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and
Tamil Nadu. The IEMI framework was further developed through insights from State-level workshops,
assessment of data availability and extensive feedback from multiple stakeholders.
In August 2025, IEMI 2024 was launched, in which all States and UTs were evaluated using the refined
methodology. Detailed information on the indicators is available in Annexure 2.
5.1.2 Collecting Data
Data were sourced from government dashboards and portals, government agencies and institutions,
and official government documents, including the Central Electricity Authority Dashboard; Controller
General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks; Electricity Tariff Orders; Petroleum Planning & Analysis
Cell; Startup India; State EV Policies; and Vahan Dashboard. These datasets are updated on an annual
basis for the evaluation. This approach ensured continuous monitoring and evaluation and helped build
a more robust and comprehensive dataset. The data sources for IEMI 2025 were further refined based
on IEMI 2024 following an assessment of feedback on data comprehensiveness and reliability.
21
Methodology Overview

5.1.3 Dealing with Missing Values
In the IEMI, values missing in the dataset were addressed using a combination of strategies to ensure
data integrity and consistency. When missing data points were identified for a specific indicator or State,
efforts were made to retrieve the information from alternative secondary sources. These sources include
open-source platforms, Central Government databases and other reliable third-party sources that could
provide the most up-to-date and relevant data.
In instances where alternative sources for missing data were not available, the previous period’s
datasets were used. For example, the previous year’s GSDP was used for eight States and UTs:
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Goa, Gujarat, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and
Sikkim. This approach ensured that the dataset remained as comprehensive and reliable
as possible, supporting accurate evaluations of State progress in the e-mobility transition.
5.2 Scoring

The evaluation involved calculating the indicator, theme and Index composite scores for each State.
Each theme comprises indicators that can be categorised into outcome or enabler indicators. Each
indicator was scored based on the number of initiatives undertaken or the relative scoring. The indicator
weightages were designed such that the outcome indicators accounted for 50% of the overall Index
score. Figure 7 presents the detailed weightage distribution of the themes and indicators.
Figure 7: India Electric Mobility Index Theme and Indicator Weightages. EV: electric vehicle;
R&D: research and development. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
22

The States and UTs were evaluated at three levels: the IEMI, theme and indicator scores, assessed on
a 0-100 scale. The following sections present the scoring methodology for the three levels in detail.
5.3 The IEMI Score

The IEMI score is a composite score indicating the overall performance and efforts of the State or UT in
the e-mobility ecosystem’s development. The IEMI score was ascertained based on the theme score and
weightages assigned to themes of the Index. The IEMI structure includes three themes. Table 1 serves as
a reference for the variable notations related to the theme weightages and theme scores.
Table 1: Theme Weightages and Theme Score Notations
Theme Theme Weightage Theme Score
Transport Electrification Progress 50% (T
1
) S
1
Charging Infrastructure Readiness 30% (T
2
) S
2
EV Research and Innovation 20% (T
3
) S
3
For any State or UT,
IEMI score = T
1
S
1
+ T
2
S
2
+ T
3
S
3

5.4 Theme Score

The themes include a varying number of indicators, categorised as enablers or outcomes. The theme
score is assessed based on the indicator score and weightage assigned to the indicators. Table 2 serves
as a reference for the notations related to indicator weightages and indicator scores within a theme.
Table 2: Indicator Weightage Notations
Indicator Indicator Weightage Indicator score
Indicator 1 (I
1
) K
1
Indicator 2 (I
2
) K
2
Indicator n (I
n
) K
n

For any State or UT,
Here,
W
T
is the theme weightage of theme T and
I
i
єT represents indicator i belonging to theme T.
23
Methodology Overview

5.5 Indicator Score

The indicators were evaluated based on two scoring methods: absolute and relative scoring. In the
absolute scoring method, a State was scored based on the number of given initiatives it implements. In
the relative scoring method, a State was scored compared with the performance of other States and UTs.
Relative scoring indicators include private EV adoption, commercial EV adoption, purchase incentives,
fuel price parity, chargers per lakh vehicles, share of renewable energy generation capacity, power
availability, EV startups and EV patents. Absolute scoring indicators include governance initiatives,
transition initiatives, operational support initiatives, charging infrastructure development initiatives,
building bye-laws and mandates, and R&D initiatives. Each indicator’s scoring method was tailored to
rationalise the evaluation process. Annexure 2 describes the indicator scoring methods.
5.6 Summary of Changes in IEMI 2025

IEMI 2025 introduces several methodological enhancements, including updated data sources,
introduction of separate categories for States and UTs, refined indicator assessment, inclusion of
additional data points, improvements to the estimation and normalisation methodologies to minimise
bias and revisions to better reflect the current e-mobility landscape. Changes to the IEMI structure
are detailed in Table 3.
Table 3: Changes Made in India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025
Component Changes in IEMI 2025 Rationale
Assessment
categories
Separate assessment categories
were introduced for States and
union territories:
i. Large States
ii. Union Territories and City States
iii. Hilly and Northeastern States
To enable fairer benchmarking
by accounting for differences
in administrative and
geographical characteristics
Data
sources
Sources were updated as follows to
incorporate more reliable datasets and
the latest available government and
open-source data:
i. For power supply and demand datasets,
the ‘Annual Handbook of Statistics on
Indian States’ of the Reserve Bank of
India (2024) was changed to the Central
Electricity Authority (2025).
To enhance data quality and
coverage and reflect the latest
developments in the
EV ecosystemIndia Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
24

Component Changes in IEMI 2025 Rationale
ii. For petrol prices, Indian Oil Corporation
(2024) was changed to the Petroleum
Planning & Analysis Cell (2025).
iii. For charger datasets, the Electric
Vehicle (EV) Yatra Portal (2024) was
changed to the Bureau of Energy
Efficiency (2025).
Indicator time
period
For fuel price parity, the average electricity
and petrol prices were estimated over
a 365-day period, compared with data
points obtained on a single day on
December 31, 2024, as in IEMI 2024.
To reduce the influence of
short-term price fluctuations
and provide a more
representative estimate of
the year.
Indicator time
period
All indicators were derived from the State
EV policy and scored on a pro-rata basis,
proportional to the number of months the
policy was active during the assessment
year. For example, a policy active for three
out of 12 months received a score of 0.25.
In 2024, binary marking was done.
To reflect the duration of
policy applicability during the
assessment year and prevent
full credit for policies that were
only partially active.
Indicator
assessment
The indicator was renamed from
‘EVs per EV charger’ to the
‘Chargers to Vehicles Ratio’.
To avoid adoption bias during
charging infrastructure
evaluation
Indicator
assessment
The evaluation of e-rickshaws was
removed from the commercial vehicle
adoption rate.
To avoid market dynamics
and unique characteristics
of e-rickshaws that differ
significantly from other
commercial vehicle segments
Data point
inclusion
An additional data point was included
in the Operational Support Initiatives:
whether the policy mandates an interest
subvention on the purchase of EVs.
Availability of interest
subvention added, to reflect
improved affordability and
easier access to EV financing
for consumers and fleet
operators.
25
Methodology Overview

IEMI RESULTS 2025
6

The IEMI results provide a holistic overview of the performance and progress of States and UTs
in advancing their e-mobility transitions. The overall IEMI score indicates performance across
the EV ecosystem, while scores for the three themes highlight performances in specific aspects of
e-mobility. Outcome indicator scores provide quantitative measures of subnational performance
on key indicators such as EV adoption rates, EV charging infrastructure availability and levels of
innovation in the e-mobility ecosystem. This chapter details the IEMI-, thematic- and outcome-level
scores for States and UTs.
To enable fair comparison among peers, the 36 States and Union Territories are assessed in three
categories: Large States (17), Hilly and Northeastern States (12), and UTs and City States (7). Each
indicator, theme and the composite IEMI were scored out of 100. Based on the score, each State or UT
was classified into one of the following classes:
a. Top Performers: score ≥65
b. Frontrunners: score of 50–64
c. Emerging Performers: score of 35–49
d. Aspirants: score <35
The thresholds were set at uniform 15-point intervals (35, 50 and 65), giving each band a consistent
width and avoiding arbitrary boundaries. The cut-off for Top Performers was set at 65 to keep the
top tier selective. For 2025, five States met this threshold.

6.1 IEMI Score

The IEMI score was determined by analysing the performance of each State and UT across all
indicators, alongside the weightage attributed to the indicators and overarching themes of the Index.
This score reflects a State’s progress in advancing its e-mobility ecosystem. A higher IEMI score
indicates a stronger performance across the three themes, with higher rates of EV adoption, charging
infrastructure availability and EV startups in the region. Figure 8 presents the IEMI score across the
three categories.
6.1.1 Large States
Maharashtra (78) ranked first in the Large States category, followed by Karnataka (73). These two
States were the only Top Performers among the Large States. Eight States qualified as Frontrunners:
Tamil Nadu (61), Madhya Pradesh (59), Odisha (55), Andhra Pradesh (52), Telangana (51),
Haryana (51), Rajasthan (51) and Uttar Pradesh (51). The remaining seven States were Emerging
Performers: Chhattisgarh (49), West Bengal (42), Bihar (40), Keralam (40), Jharkhand (40),
Punjab (39) and Gujarat (38). No State from this category appeared within the Aspirant tier.
27
IEMI Results 2025

Figure 8: India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) Score for all States and Union Territories, by Category. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
28

The results in this category further illustrate that similar composite scores may conceal substantially
different performance profiles. Haryana, for instance, recorded one of the highest Charging
Infrastructure Readiness scores in India alongside one of the lowest Transport Electrification
Progress scores among Large States. This underscores that the composite score should be interpreted
in conjunction with the underlying theme scores.
6.1.2 Hilly and Northeastern States
Manipur recorded the highest score at 46, followed by Tripura (36) and Assam (35); these three
States were the category’s only Emerging Performers. The remaining nine States were Aspirants:
Ladakh (32), Meghalaya (32), Jammu & Kashmir (31), Himachal Pradesh (28), Uttarakhand (26),
Mizoram (24), Arunachal Pradesh (21), Sikkim (16) and Nagaland (14). The principal constraint in
Hilly and Northeastern States was research and innovation: half of these States scored 10 or below
on the EV Research and Innovation Status theme.
6.1.3 UTs and City States
UTs and City States exhibited the widest internal variation. Delhi (84) recorded the highest score in
the country, with Chandigarh (71) and Goa (65) also attaining Top Performer status. Puducherry (41)
was the sole Emerging Performer. The remaining three UTs fell within the Aspirant tier: Lakshadweep
(22), Andaman & Nicobar Islands (15), and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (10).
The gap of more than 70 points between Delhi and the lowest-ranked UT reflects the structural
divide between metropolitan UTs and the smaller island and frontier territories, in which nascent
vehicle markets, limited charging networks and absence of research institutions are mutually
reinforcing constraints.

6.2 Transport Electrification Progress

The Transport Electrification Progress score was determined by analysing the performance of
each State and UT across indicators under the theme, along with the weight attributed to the seven
indicators. Figure 9 presents the Transport Electrification Progress score across the three States
and UT categories.
This theme remains one of the key opportunities for States and UTs to improve their performance on
the Index. The UTs of Delhi (77) and Chandigarh (75) led the country, reflecting the combined effect
of concentrated urban demand, sustained fleet electrification mandates and early policy support.
Among States, only Maharashtra (68) reached Top Performer status. Fourteen of the 36 States and
UTs fell within the Aspirant category on this theme. The theme thus represents the single largest
opportunity for improving overall Index performance.
29
IEMI Results 2025

Figure 9: Transport Electrification Progress Score for all States and Union Territories, by category. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
30

6.2.1 Large States
Among the Large States, Maharashtra (68) was the only Top Performer in the category. Six States
qualified as Frontrunners: Madhya Pradesh (62), Odisha (58), Uttar Pradesh (58), Karnataka (55),
Chhattisgarh (55) and Andhra Pradesh (53). Eight States were Emerging performers: Telangana (49),
Tamil Nadu (48), Rajasthan (44), Bihar (43), Punjab (36), Keralam (36), Jharkhand (36) and West
Bengal (35). Only two States fell within the Aspirant tier: Gujarat (33) and Haryana (19). Haryana’s
position is particularly noteworthy: despite recording one of the highest Charging Infrastructure
Readiness scores in India, its Transport Electrification Progress score was the lowest in the category,
indicating that the availability of charging infrastructure has yet to translate into EV adoption.
6.2.2 Hilly and Northeastern States
Hilly and Northeastern States did not rise above the Emerging Performer tier in this theme. Assam (47),
Tripura (44) and Manipur (42) were the category’s three Emerging Performers, while the remaining
nine States were Aspirants: Jammu & Kashmir (33), Ladakh (29), Uttarakhand (27), Meghalaya
(26), Mizoram (24), Himachal Pradesh (19), Sikkim (9), Arunachal Pradesh (6) and Nagaland (4).
Manipur, Tripura and Assam performed comparatively well on commercial EV adoption but lagged
behind in private EV adoption. Dispersed settlements and limited charging networks continue to
constrain EV uptake across Hilly and Northeastern States, suggesting that electrification strategies
of these States may need to differ materially from those of the Large States.
6.2.3 UTs and City States
Performance of the UTs and City States was strongly polarised. Delhi (77) and Chandigarh
(75) were Top Performers—the only two UTs and City States in the country to reach that tier—
reflecting their concentrated urban demand, sustained fleet electrification mandates and early
policy support. Goa (53) was the sole Frontrunner, and Puducherry (38) was the sole Emerging
Performer. The remaining three UTs and City States were Aspirants: Lakshadweep (30), Dadra
and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (8), and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (7). These island and
remote territories face structural constraints similar to those of the Hilly and Northeastern States.
6.3 Charging Infrastructure Readiness
The Charging Infrastructure Readiness score was determined by analysing the performance of each
State and UT across indicators under the theme, along with the weightage attributed to the six
indicators. Figure 10 presents the Charging Infrastructure Readiness score across the three categories.
States and UTs registered stronger results for this theme, compared to Transport Electrification
Progress. Six States and UTs reached the Top Performer status, double the number for the Transport
Electrification Progress theme, and seven more were Frontrunners. Another 15 States and UTs were
31
IEMI Results 2025

Emerging Performers, and the remaining eight were Aspirants. Even so, nearly two-thirds of the
country scored below the Frontrunner threshold, indicating that charging networks in most States
remain at a relatively early stage of development.
6.3.1 Large States
Karnataka (97) ranked first in the country, followed closely by Maharashtra (91) and Haryana (91),
with Tamil Nadu (73) rounding out the four Top Performers. Four States were Frontrunners: Rajasthan
(64), Andhra Pradesh (62), Odisha (57) and Keralam (55). The remaining nine States were Emerging
Performers, ranging from Madhya Pradesh (48) down to Uttar Pradesh (36). No Large State fell within
the aspirant tier on this theme.
Haryana sat among the highest-scoring Large States on Charging Infrastructure Readiness (91). Yet,
it recorded the lowest Transport Electrification Progress score among Large States (19), indicating
that the availability of charging infrastructure has not yet translated into vehicle adoption. Uttar Pradesh
showed the reverse pattern: it was a Frontrunner on Transport Electrification Progress (58) but the
lowest-scoring Large State on Charging Infrastructure Readiness (36). Thus, charging infrastructure
and vehicle adoption are progressing at different speeds in different States.
6.3.2 Hilly and Northeastern States
Manipur (61) and Meghalaya (56) led the category and were its only Frontrunners. Six States were
Emerging Performers: Arunachal Pradesh (45), Himachal Pradesh (45), Tripura (40), Sikkim (39),
Nagaland (39) and Ladakh (36). The remaining four were Aspirants: Uttarakhand (32), Jammu &
Kashmir (32), Mizoram (27) and Assam (24). Notably, Assam, the regional leader in Transport
Electrification Progress, ranked last in the category on Charging Infrastructure Readiness (24),
suggesting that its EV adoption has so far outpaced the development of its charging network.
6.3.3 UTs and City States
Goa (92) and Delhi (88) were the only Top Performers among the UTs and City States and ranked
among the leading regions nationally, consistent with Delhi’s position in Transport Electrification
Progress. Chandigarh (52) was the only Frontrunner, and the remaining four UTs and City States were
Aspirants: Puducherry (29), Lakshadweep (25), Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (18) and
Andaman & Nicobar Islands (17). Chandigarh’s position is striking: despite being a Top Performer on
Transport Electrification Progress (75), it was only a Frontrunner on Charging Infrastructure Readiness
(52), mirroring in reverse the pattern observed in Haryana.
India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
32

Figure 10: Charging Infrastructure Readiness Score for all States and Union Territories, by Category.
33
IEMI Results 2025

6.4 EV Research and Innovation Status
The EV Research and Innovation Status score was determined by analysing the performance of
each State and UT across indicators under the theme, along with weights attributed to the three
indicators. Figure 11 presents the EV Research and Innovation Status score across the three categories.

Nine States and UTs were Top Performers, the highest under any theme; however, 17 were
Aspirants, among which four recorded a score of zero. Research and innovation capacity was
heavily concentrated in a small number of industrialised States and urban regions, while large
parts of the country have yet to establish a measurable presence in this domain.
6.4.1 Large States
Maharashtra (85) ranked first among the Large States, followed by Karnataka (82) and Tamil Nadu
(77). Six States were Top Performers, with Haryana (74), Telangana (71) and Madhya Pradesh (65)
completing the list. Broadly, these States host the country’s principal automotive manufacturing and
technology clusters. Two of the States were Frontrunners: Uttar Pradesh (54) and West Bengal (51).
Seven States were Emerging Performers, ranging from Rajasthan (49) to Chhattisgarh (36). The
remaining two States were Aspirants: Bihar (32) and Keralam (29). Keralam’s position is notable:
despite having strong human-capital indicators, it ranked last among the Large States on this theme,
suggesting that its research ecosystem has yet to orient itself toward e-mobility.
6.4.2 Hilly and Northeastern States
All Hilly and Northeastern States were Aspirants, and their scores were the lowest on this theme
compared with the other themes. Manipur (34) led the region, followed by Ladakh (30), Jammu
& Kashmir (25), Himachal Pradesh (24) and Arunachal Pradesh (24), while Sikkim and Nagaland
recorded no measurable activity, with scores of zero. The near absence of EV Research and
Innovation Status activity in the region reflects the limited presence of the automotive industry,
technical institutions focused on e-mobility and related start-up activity.
6.4.3 UTs and City States
Delhi (94) recorded the highest score in the country, followed by Chandigarh (90) and Puducherry
(66), all three qualifying as Top Performers. Goa (51) was the group’s sole Frontrunner. The
remaining three UTs and City States were Aspirants: Andaman & Nicobar Islands (33) along with
Lakshadweep and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu at zero. Research institutions,
industry headquarters and start-up activities are concentrated in Delhi, while the smaller and remote
territories have little institutional base or start-up presence to support research activity.India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
34

Figure 11: Electric Vehicle (EV) Research and Innovation Readiness Status Score
for all States and Union Territories, by Category.
35
IEMI Results 2025

6.5 State and UT Ranking (2024 vs. 2025)
A comparison of IEMI ranks between 2024 and 2025 revealed considerable changes among the
States and UTs below the stable upper tier. Across the three categories of States and UTs, the leading
positions remained unchanged, while the middle and lower ranks underwent substantial reordering.
It is noteworthy that several States and UTs registered declines in rank and scores, indicating that
progress in e-mobility has been uneven across the country. Figure 12 compares the IEMI rankings for
2024 and 2025.
Figure 12: India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2024 vs. IEMI 2025: Comparison of State Rankings.
Notes: DD & DNH = Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
36

6.5.1 Overall Ranking Trends (2024-25)
Delhi retained its leadership position in the IEMI, improving its score from 77 to 84, followed by
Maharashtra, which increased its score from 68 to 78 while maintaining second place. Karnataka
emerged as the third-ranked top performer, moving up one position with a score of 73, overtaking
Chandigarh, which slipped to fourth despite an increase in score from 65 to 71. Tamil Nadu, by
contrast, slipped one place to sixth despite improving its score from 59 to 61, as fast-rising Goa
moved ahead of it.
The most significant improvement in rankings was recorded by Madhya Pradesh, which advanced
16 positions, from 23rd (31) to seventh (59). This improvement reflects substantial progress
across multiple indicators, including policy, charging infrastructure and ecosystem development.
Other notable gainers include Goa, which climbed 10 positions to fifth (65); Puducherry, which
also advanced 10 places to 17th (41); Bihar, which rose eight positions to 18th (40); Jammu &
Kashmir, which rose seven places to 27th (31); and Assam, which moved up three places to 24th
(35). Manipur, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand also recorded modest improvements in their relative
rankings.
Several jurisdictions experienced declines despite maintaining or improving their scores,
reflecting stronger overall performance across the country. The largest decline was recorded by
Ladakh, which fell 12 positions, from 13th (45) to 25th (32), which the report attributes primarily
to the revised charging infrastructure assessment methodology introduced in this edition. Punjab
and Mizoram each fell seven places, while Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh each
dropped six positions. Haryana declined by four places and Rajasthan fell by two, while Uttar
Pradesh held its position at 10th place. At the lower end of the rankings, Nagaland and Dadra
and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu remained in the last two positions, with scores of 14 and
10, respectively.
Overall, the 2025 edition highlights a broad-based improvement in e-mobility performance
across India, with several States making substantial gains while competition among leading
performers has become increasingly close.
37
IEMI Results 2025

STATE AND
UNION TERRITORY
PROFILES 2025
7

The State and UT profiles provide a detailed overview of electric mobility performance across
all States and UTs for 2025. They highlight State ranks and scores, theme and indicator scores,
recommendations and unique selling points (USPs). This section offers a comprehensive,data-
driven assessment of each State and UT’s progress in advancing electric mobility. It also presents
comparisons with IEMI 2024 to track momentum over time and assess consistency of implementation
efforts. Furthermore, each profile highlights key aspects of the State’s approach to promoting electric
mobility and offers targeted recommendations to identify areas with potential for further improvement.
Together, these insights offer a holistic view of each State’s strengths, challenges, and trajectory toward
building a robust electric mobility ecosystem.
Recommendations for States and UTs are tailored based on an analysis of their IEMI thematic and
indicator scores.The insights and potential of each State and UT are framed as recommendations to
scale up EV adoption, expand public and private charging infrastructure, and accelerate innovation
and integration within the electric mobility ecosystem.
39
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.1 Andaman & Nicobar Islands
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands cover an area of 8,249 km², with a population of 4 lakh as per the
National Commission on Population (NCP) in the year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 8126 crore
in the year 2023-24 according to MoSPI.
Figure 13: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Andaman & Nicobar Islands India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
40

Highlights and USPs
zThe administration proposes to convert all 250 buses to battery electric and expand the fleet by
2030, with 40 e-buses already in operation.
22
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to electric
mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote EV adoption,
charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation.
41
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States 42

7.2 Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh covers an area of 1,62,975 km², with a population of 5.36 crore as per the NCP for
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 8.7 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 14: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Andhra Pradesh

43
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025
Highlights and USPs
zThe New and Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Ltd. has
committed to one lakh EVs to government employees through equated monthly instalment
(EMI) programs, with road tax and registration fee waivers.
23

Recommendations
zIncrease commercial EV adoption by providing financial and operational support, including
parking and commercial vehicle permit exemptions and reduced tariffs for public charging.
zEncourage strong research and innovation, through development of Centres of Excellence
and introduce e-mobility skilling programmes.

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States 44

7.3 Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh covers an area of 83,743 km², with a population of 16 lakh as per the NCP in
the year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 22,423 crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 15: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Arunachal Pradesh

45
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025
Highlights and USPs
zArunachal Pradesh deployed 10 electric buses, covering not only its capital - Itanagar, but also
smaller towns such as Namsai and Pasighat.
24
zArunachal Pradesh State Electricity Regulatory Commission’s tariff order effective 1 April 2026
introduces a Green Tariff allowing consumers to opt for cleaner power, special tariff provisions
for EV charging stations, and time-of-day tariffs with lower off-peak rates.
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote EV adoption,
charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation.

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States 46

7.4 Assam
Assam covers an area of 78,438 km², with a population of 3.65 crore as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 3.5 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 16: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Assam.

47
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025
Highlights and USPs
zA significant incentive for EV charging infrastructure is provided through 90% exemption on
electricity duty, reducing operational costs for entrepreneurs.
25
zAssam government launched one of India’s first app-based e-bike taxi service - ‘Baayu’.
It is a fully electric and decentralized bike taxi service.
26
Recommendations
zPromote private EV adoption by introducing vehicle scrapping incentives and low emission
zones.
zImprove streamlined approval processes, concessional land rates for charging stations and
consider recommending EV charging infrastructure in building bye-laws.
zEstablish R&D centres for skill development and introduce e-mobility courses.

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States 48

7.5 Bihar
Bihar covers an area of 94,163 km², with a population of 13.1 crore as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 5.3 lakh crore in the year 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 17: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Bihar.

49
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025
Highlights and USPs
zAs per the EV policy, municipal authorities are required to provide subsidized parking for all
personal EVs. Individual towns/cities may prepare a city parking plan for on-street parking
places for electric vehicles with subsidized fees and EV charging stations.
27
zEV policy mandates that a District-Level EV Committee be constituted in every district under
the chairmanship of the District Magistrate.
28
Recommendations
zTo boost private EV adoption, promote awareness through State EV website, consider higher
purchase incentives and transition incentives for all modes.
zImprove EV charging infrastructure by streamlining approvals through a single-window system,
and integrating charging requirements into building bye-laws.
zEstablish R&D centres, Centres of Excellence and e-mobility courses for skill development.

India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States 50

7.6 Chandigarh
Chandigarh covers an area of 113 km², with a population of 13 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 38,186 crore in 2023-24 according to MoSPI.
Figure 18: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Chandigarh.

51
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025
Highlights and USPs
zChandigarh offers a hard cap on ICE regulations. Only a fixed number of petrol/diesel vehicles
could be registered per financial year.
29
zAn upfront incentive of 25% of bicycle cost, capped at ₹3,000, applies to the first 25,000
e-bicycles in the policy period.
30

7.7 Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh covers an area of 135,192 km², with a population of 310 lakh as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 3.3 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 19: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Chhattisgarh. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
52

Highlights and USPs
zAs per the EV policy, municipal authorities are required to provide 50% subsidized parking for
all personal EVs.
zNon-domestic consumers may avail separate LT/HT connection with suitable metering and
metering equipment in same premises for EV charging/ setting up EV charging station as
per the Chhattisgarh State Electricity Supply Code (Fifth Amendment), 2025 issued by the
Chhattisgarh State Electricity Regulatory Commission (CSERC).
32
Recommendations
zTo boost EV adoption, the State should introduce an EV awareness website, provide incentives
for vehicle scrapping and conversion kits, and develop low-emission zones.
zPromote the development of public charging infrastructure by offering concessional land rates
and mandating the provision of EV charging points in new and existing buildings.
zWith a growing number of EV startups and R&D centres, establish Centres of Excellence and
introduce e-mobility courses to strengthen skills and workforce capacity in the State.
53
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.8 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu cover an area of 602 km², with a population of 15 lakh
as of 2025.
Figure 20: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
54

Highlights and USPs
zDiu becomes first fully solar-powered district with 11.88 MW capacity.
33

Recommendations
zFrame an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote EV adoption,
charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation in Dadra and Nagar
Haveli and Daman and Diu.
55
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.9 Delhi
Delhi covers an area of 1,484 km², with a population of 2.23 crore as per the NCP in the year 2025 and
an estimated GSDP of ₹ 7.1 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 21: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Delhi. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
56

Highlights and USPs
zAs per the EV Policy 2.0, Delhi is the first State to mandate 100% electrification of autorickshaws
and light commercial vehicles (from January 2027), and of two-wheelers (from January 2028).
zAs of February 2026, Delhi operated 4,286 electric buses, making it the largest electric-bus fleet
in India.
34
zDelhi is the first State to provide subsidies for electric cycles.
35
Recommendations
zGiven the limited land availability in Delhi, it can leverage rooftop solar to expand renewable
energy generation for EV charging to promote clean mobility initiatives.
57
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.10 Goa
Goa covers an area of 3,702 km², with a population of 16 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 64,137 crore in 2023-24 according to MoSPI.
Figure 22: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Goa. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
58

Highlights and USPs
zThe State ranks second in private adoption (private two-wheelers and cars) in India achieving a
12% adoption rate in 2025.
36
zThe State provides a subsidy of upto 8 lakh, to set up public charging infrastructure covering
electricity infrastructure costs for charging stations.
zSpecific areas such as Panjim Smart City, heritage zones, tourist zones, airports, and railway
stations will be identified to transition to 100% mandatory EV.
Recommendations
zSupport adoption of commercial EV.
zConsider fostering startup development in the State by investing in R&D establishing Centres
of Excellence and enhancing skill development.
59
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.11 Gujarat
Gujarat covers an area of 196,024 km², with a population of 7.35 crore as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 14.65 lakh crore in 2022-23 according to MoSPI.
Figure 23: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Gujarat. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
60

Highlights and USPs
zAs per the EV policy, EV charging stations were exempt from 100% electricity duty until June
30, 2025.
39
zGujarat’s State Electric Vehicle Policy provided an incentive of ₹10,000 per kWh for eligible
electric two-wheelers, capped at ₹20,000 per vehicle.
40
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote electric vehicle
adoption, charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation in Gujarat.
61
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.12 Haryana
Haryana covers an area of 44,212 km², with a population of 3.11 crore as per the NCP for the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 6.8 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 24: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Haryana. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
62

Highlights and USPs
zEV manufacturers will be reimbursed 100% of patent registration costs, up to ₹ 25 lakhs, for
both domestic and international filings as per EV policy.
41
zAs an employment generation subsidy, eligible manufacturing units will receive ₹ 48,000 per
employee annually for 10 years for hiring Haryana residents, with valid ESI/PF
.42
zLarge and Mega units must establish battery disposal, recycling, and material recovery facilities
at their proposed plants to claim incentives under the EV policy.
43

Recommendations
zSet up a high-level interdepartmental committee to steer the development of planned electric
mobility ecosystem.
zPromote EV awareness in the State through EV awareness website.
zTo boost EV adoption, consider transition and operational support through vehicle scrapping
incentives, reserved parking, low-emission zones, permit exemptions for commercial EVs, and
enhanced subsidies.
63
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.13 Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh covers an area of 55,673 km², with a population of 76 lakh as per the NCP in the
year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 1.5 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 25: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Himachal Pradesh. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
64

Highlights and USPs
zIn order to provide self-employment opportunities to the youth, the State government has
initiated Rajiv Gandhi Self-Employment Startup Scheme, under which 50% subsidy was being
provided on the purchase of e-taxi with a motive to get attached these e-taxis with government
offices so as to provide self-employment with a fixed income.
44
zAs per EV policy, four model cities - Shimla, Mandi, Baddi, Dharamshala are required to prepare
City EV readiness plans.
45
Recommendations
zPromote EV awareness across State through a dedicated EV awareness portal.
zTo boost EV adoption, introduce purchase subsidies, offer incentives for vehicle scrapping and
conversion kits and subsidies for deployment of public charging infrastructure.
zEncourage stronger Research and Innovation through development of R&D centres, Centres of
Excellence, and e-mobility courses for skill development.
65
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.14 Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir covers an area of 42,241 km², with a population of 1.38 crore as per the NCP in
the financial year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 1.5 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 26: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Jammu & Kashmir. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
66

Highlights and USPs
zJammu and Kashmir is accelerating its electric mobility transition, primarily by doubling its
smart electric bus fleet with an additional 200 e-buses to serve urban commuters and eco-
sensitive tourist and pilgrimage circuits.
46
zJammu & Kashmir holds a strong strategic advantage with an estimated 5.9 million tonnes of
lithium reserves, positioning it as a key raw-material hub for India’s battery and electric vehicle
manufacturing ecosystem.
47
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote electric vehicle
adoption, charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation in Jammu
and Kashmir.
67
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.15 Jharkhand
Jharkhand covers an area of 79,716 km², with a population of 4.06 crore as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 3 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 27: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Jharkhand. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
68

Highlights and USPs
zThe State provides interest-free loans for government employees to purchase their first EV
(two-wheeler and four-wheeler).
48
Recommendations
zPromote EV awareness in the State through EV awareness portal.
zTo boost EV adoption, key initiatives include scrappage and conversion incentives, developing
low emission zones, allowing commercial EV exemptions and introducing purchase subsidies.
zTo improve EV charging infrastructure, the State should provide concessional rates for public
charging lands, and integrate charging needs into building bye-laws, while reducing electricity
tariffs for charging stations.
zEncourage strong research and innovation through R&D centres and e-mobility courses for skill
development.
69
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.16 Karnataka
Karnataka covers an area of 191,791 km², with a population of 6.87 crore as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 15.7 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 28: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Karnataka. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
70

Highlights and USPs
zIntroduction of ‘BESCOM EV Mithra’ (one unified EV charging app) along with a single-window
clearance system and EV Accelerator Cell
.49
zKarnataka was the first Indian State with a dedicated EV policy in 2017. It covered not just
vehicle sales but charging infrastructure and dedicated manufacturing zones
.50
Recommendations
zBoost commercial EV adoption by providing incentives for EV purchases, vehicle scrappage,
conversion kits, and EV parking exemptions.
71
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.17 Keralam
Keralam covers an area of 38,863 km², with a population of 3.61 crore as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 6.85 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 29: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Keralam. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
72

Highlights and USPs
zKeralam ranks first in private EV adoption (two-wheelers and cars) in India, achieving 12.3%
adoption rate in 2025.
51
zThe Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) and the State public sector undertaking Travancore
Titanium Products (TTPL) have developed a prototype lithium-titanate (LTO) battery, marking
a significant step towards advancing e-mobility in Keralam.
52
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote electric vehicle
adoption, charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation.
73
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.18 Ladakh
Ladakh covers an area of 59,146 km², with a population of 3 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025.
Figure 30: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Ladakh. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
74

Highlights and USPs
zHigh solar irradiance combined with low temperatures makes Ladakh unusually efficient for
solar and generating the energy on site avoids the fossil-fuel logistics chain.
53
Recommendations
zTo boost electric vehicle adoption, prioritize vehicle scrapping incentives and retrofitting
incentives, implementing low emission zones.
zEstablish a nodal agency for charging infrastructure and prioritize concessional land rates for
public charging stations.
75
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.19 Lakshadweep
The Lakshadweep covers an area of 32 km², with a population of ~ 1 lakh as per the NCP in the year
Figure 31: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Lakshadweep. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
76

Highlights and USPs
zLakshadweep’s 1.7 MW solar and 1.4 MWh battery project helps shift from diesel to green energy,
offsetting thousands of tonnes of carbon emissions. Lakshadweep’s grid has historically been
almost entirely diesel-fed, so any EV charged there would effectively run on diesel-generated
electricity. By greening the grid, the solar project makes future EV charging genuinely low carbon.
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote electric vehicle
adoption, charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation in
Lakshadweep.
77
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.20 Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh covers an area of 3,08,252 km², with a population of 8.9 crore as per the NCP in the
year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 7.1 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 32: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Madhya Pradesh. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
78

Highlights and USPs
zBhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Gwalior, and Ujjain are designated as EV Model Cities, with a focus
on public transport electrification, green zones, and dedicated e-mobility corridors.
55
zThe MP EV Tarang Portal was unveiled to streamline EV-related approvals and policy
implementation.
56

Recommendations
zTo boost EV adoption and strengthen charging infrastructure, introduce purchase incentives,
implement a single-window system for charging infrastructure approvals, and offer concessional
land rates for public charging stations.
79
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.21 Maharashtra
Maharashtra covers an area of 3,07,713 km², with a population of 12.87 crore as per the NCP in the
year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 26.1 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 33: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Maharashtra. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
80

Highlights and USPs
zMaharashtra has the highest number of EV startups in the country, with 502 registered EV
startups as on 31 December 2025.
57

zThe State EV policy is one of the first to offer a purchase subsidy for e-trucks, with up to ₹20 lakh
each for the first 1,000 electric trucks (heavy goods vehicles) registered in the State.
Recommendations
zFocus to boost commercial EV adoption, offering enhanced purchase subsidies for commercial
EVs, interest subvention, low emission zones and permit exemptions for commercial vehicles.
zSupport the augmentation of renewable energy generation capacity to meet the growing
electricity demand from electric mobility.
81
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.22 Manipur
Manipur covers an area of 22,327 km², with a population of 33 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 22,849 crore in 2023-24 according to MoSPI.
Figure 34: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Manipur. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
82

Highlights and USPs
zGovernment land will be provided free of cost to Central or State agencies for setting up public
charging stations until 2027.
58
Recommendations
zTo boost private EV adoption, offer incentives for scrapping and conversion, implement low
emission zones, introduce purchase subsidies.
zEstablish a nodal agency for charging infrastructure and prioritize concessional land rates for
public charging stations.
zEncourage stronger Research and Innovation through development of R&D centres, Centres of
Excellence, and e-mobility courses for skill development.
83
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.23 Meghalaya
Meghalaya covers an area of 22,429 km², with a population of 34 lakh as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 33,067 crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 35: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Meghalaya. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
84

Highlights and USPs
zState levies pollution cess of 10 paise per litre on the sale of petrol and diesel which will be
transferred to Meghalaya Electric Vehicle Adoption Fund (MEVAF).
59
Recommendations
zTo improve EV adoption, provide incentives for vehicle scrapping and conversion kits, establish
low-emission zones, offer permit exemptions for commercial electric vehicles, and enhance
purchase subsidies.
zConsider reduced electricity prices for public charging stations.
zFoster startups and promote skill development by setting up Centres of Excellence and R&D
centres.
85
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.24 Mizoram
Mizoram covers an area of 21,081 km², with a population of 13 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 21,664 crore in 2023-24 according to MoSPI.
Figure 36: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Mizoram. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
86

Highlights and USPs
zMizoram’s Electric Vehicle Policy States that electric vehicles are exempted from Aizawl’s odd–
even traffic restriction and may be driven daily, whereas conventional vehicles remain confined to
alternate days based on their registration numbers.
60
Recommendations
zTo boost electric vehicle adoption, provide incentives for scrapping and retrofitting kits, reserve
parking spaces for EVs, and introduce purchase subsidies.
zConsider reducing electricity tariffs for charging stations, while providing capital subsidies and
implementing a single-window system for approvals for strengthening public charging stations.
zEncourage strong research and innovation through development of R&D centres.
87
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.25 Nagaland
Nagaland covers an area of 16,579 km², with a population of 23 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 20,610 crore in 2023-24 according to MoSPI.
Figure 37: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Nagaland. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
88

Highlights and USPs
zNagaland unveiled its first air-conditioned electric vehicle on World Tourism Day as part of the
tourists’ facilitation program on September 2024 at Circuit House, Dimapur.
61
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote electric vehicle
adoption, charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation in Nagaland.
89
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.26 Odisha
Odisha covers an area of 1,55,707 km², with a population of 4.46 Crore as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 5.2 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 38: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Odisha. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
90

Highlights and USPs
zAs per EV policy, Government employees can avail interest-free advances for EV purchases
.62

Recommendations
zIntroduce subsidies for EV conversion kits, reserved parking, low emission zones, enhanced
purchase subsidies, and reduced electricity tariffs for public charging stations.
zIntroduce a single-window system to strengthen charging infrastructure network in the State.
zEncourage strong research and innovation through R&D centres for skill development.
91
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.27 Puducherry
Puducherry covers an area of 479 km², with a population of 17 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 29,316 crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 39: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Puducherry. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
92

Highlights and USPs
zThe Transport Department flagged off 25 electric buses using ₹23 crore seed money sanctioned
under the Smart City scheme.
63
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote electric vehicle
adoption, charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation in
Puducherry.
93
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.28 Punjab
Punjab covers an area of 50,362 km², with a population of 3.12 crore as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 5.3 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 40: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Punjab. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
94

Highlights and USPs
zAs India’s agricultural heartland, Punjab is one of the first State to introduce special fiscal incentives
specifically for Electric Tractor manufacturing units
.64
zInstead of spreading resources thin, the State is prioritizing and implementing designated street
parking and pole-mounted charging in five target cities such as Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar,
Patiala, and Bathinda. These five cities contribute to high vehicular traffic in the State.
65
Recommendations
zConsider promoting EV awareness via State EV awareness website.
zTo boost EV adoption, offer incentives for vehicle scrapping and retrofitting, provide permit
exemptions for commercial EVs, and reduce electricity tariffs for charging stations.
zImprove charging infrastructure by prioritizing capital subsidies for charging infrastructure with
streamlined approval process.
zEstablish Centres of Excellence for skill development in electric mobility.
95
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.29 Rajasthan
Rajasthan covers an area of 3,42,239 km², with a population of 8.31 crore as per the NCP for the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 9.1 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 41: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Rajasthan. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
96

Highlights and USPs
zRajasthan ranks second in India for installed renewable energy capacity, with 20% of its
power from renewables. Jaipur also has one of the highest EV penetration rates in the
country.
66
zTata Passenger Electric Mobility and Rajasthan Solar Association have partnered to promote
EVs and solar-powered charging. Solar users will get additional discounts on Tata EVs,
supporting the State’s sustainability goals.
67

Recommendations
zTo boost EV adoption, offer incentives for vehicle scrappage, create dedicated parking spaces,
develop low-emission zones, and strengthen purchase subsidies.
zImprove EV charging infrastructure by streamlining the approval process for charging
installations and supporting the integration of chargers into existing buildings.
zFoster research and development and the startup ecosystem by introducing e-mobility courses
to strengthen skills and workforce capacity in the State.
97
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.30 Sikkim
Sikkim covers an area of 7,096 km², with a population of 7 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025 and
an estimated GSDP of ₹ 24,902 crore in 2023-24 according to MoSPI.
Figure 42: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Sikkim. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
98

Highlights and USPs
zSikkim reduces 4% applicable road tax to 1% for non-commercial EVs and entirely waives it
for commercial EVs.
68
Recommendations
zBoost EV adoption by offering incentives for scrapping and retrofitting incentives, creating
reserved parking, and providing purchase subsidies.
zFor charging infrastructure development, provide capital subsidies, implement a single-window
approval system, offer concessional land rates and introduce supportive building bye-laws
for EVs.
zPromote e-mobility innovation by introducing e-mobility courses, Centre of Excellence and
research and development centres for skill development.
99
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.31 Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu covers an area of 1,30,058 km², with a population of 7.74 crore as per the NCP in the
year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 17.3 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 43: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Tamil Nadu. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
100

Highlights and USPs
zTamil Nadu has a strong automotive sector, home to EV makers like Ashok Leyland, Hyundai,
Ampere, Ola Electric, Ather Energy, and BYD.
.69
zThe State launched a program to train 22,500 people in EV servicing and battery repair over
five years, including 12,500 mechanics currently engaged in servicing petrol and diesel
vehicles.
70
Recommendations
zTo improve commercial EV adoption, consider implementing vehicle scrapping incentives,
reserved parking spaces, low emission zones and enhanced purchase subsidies.
zTo enhance EV charging infrastructure, prioritize initiatives such as concessional land rates
101
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.32 Telangana
Telangana covers an area of 1,12,077 km², with a population of 3.85 crore as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 8.4 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 44: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Telangana. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
102

Highlights and USPs
zTelangana introduces India’s first State-negotiated EV discount, offering government
employees up to 20% rebate on electric two-wheelers and four-wheelers.
71
Recommendations
zFocus on strengthen commercial electric vehicle adoption by implementing incentives for
scrapping old vehicles, low emission zones, permit exemptions for commercial vehicles and
purchase subsidies.
zTo enhance EV charging infrastructure, the State should offer capital subsidies for public
charging stations, single window system, provide concessional land rates, and integrate
charging requirements into building bye-laws.
103
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.33 Tripura
Tripura covers an area of 10,491 km², with a population of 42 lakh as per the NCP in the year 2025
and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 50,262 crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 45: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Tripura. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
104

Highlights and USPs
zThe State leads India in commercial EV adoption, achieving 61% adoption rate in 2025.
72
Recommendations
zEnhance EV adoption offering incentives for scrapping and conversion, developing low
emission zones, and introducing purchase subsidies.
zFor charging infrastructure development, provide capital subsidies and implement a single-
window approval system.
zTo foster EV start-up environment, setup Centres of Excellence for electric mobility and research
and development centres for skill development.
105
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.34 Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh covers an area of 2,40,928 km², with a population of 24.13 crore as per the NCP in the
year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 15.8 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 46: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Uttar Pradesh. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
106

Highlights and USPs
zUttar Pradesh is the first State to include upstream infrastructure costs—such as grid upgrades,
transformers, and cabling in its electric vehicle (EV) charging station subsidy of up to ₹ 10 lakhs
per unit for 2000 public charging stations.
73

zThe State has attracted over 50 EV manufacturers, bringing in ₹ 10,000 crores in investments and
creating 20,000 jobs.
Recommendations
zTo boost private EV adoption, focus on initiatives such as incentives for vehicle scrapping and
conversion kits, and improving purchase subsidy schemes.
zEstablish R&D centres for skill development and introduce courses on e-mobility.
zImprove EV charging infrastructure by providing capital subsidies for public charging stations
and implementing a single-window system for approval processes.
107
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.35 Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand covers an area of 53,483 km², with a population of 1.19 crore as per the NCP in the year
2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 2.2 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 47: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for Uttarakhand. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
108

Highlights and USPs
zThe government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Erisha E-Mobility to
set up EV park and 100 charging hubs in Uttarakhand.
74
Recommendations
zFrame and notify an EV policy to enable comprehensive and integrated approach to e-mobility.
zConsider implementation of appropriate incentives and initiatives to promote electric vehicle
adoption, charging infrastructure development and support research and innovation.
109
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

7.36 West Bengal
West Bengal covers an area of 88,752 km², with a population of 10.02 crore as per the NCP in the
year 2025 and an estimated GSDP of ₹ 9.4 lakh crore in 2024-25 according to MoSPI.
Figure 48: IEMI Rank and Score, Theme and Indicator scores for West Bengal. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
110

Highlights and USPs
zProvision for DISCOMs to supply power to EV charging and battery swapping stations
within 48 hours of application.
75
Recommendations
zPromote EV awareness and adoption in the State through an EV awareness website,
incentives for vehicle scrappage, dedicated parking for EVs, commercial EV permit
exemptions, and enhanced purchase subsidies.
zEnhance EV charging infrastructure by providing capital subsidies for the development of
public charging stations.
zEstablish research and development centres focused on skill development and strengthening
the State’s e-mobility ecosystem.
111
State and Union Territory Profiles 2025

ANNEXURE 1:
INDICATOR VALUES FOR
2025
8

This annexure presents the values of the key performance indicators assessed for the year 2025. It is
structured with indicator tables used to evaluate the IEMI’s progress across all the three themes: Transport
Electrification Progress, Charging Infrastructure Readiness, and EV Research and Innovation.
8.1 Transport Electrification Progress
The Transport Electrification Progress theme consists of two outcomes and five enabler indicators.
Table 4 lists the enabler and outcomes indicator values for all States and UTs.
Table 4: State-Wise Indicator Values for the Transport Electrification Progress Theme
Indicator Type Outcomes Enablers
Indicators
Private EV registration Commercial EV registration Governance Initiatives Purchase

Incentives Transition Initiatives Operational Support Initiatives Fuel Price Parity
States and UTs Indicator Unit
Percentage Percentage Initiatives (Number) ₹
Per Year
Per Capita Initiatives (Number) Initiatives (Number) Ratio
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1% 4% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 6.6
Andhra Pradesh 7% 6% 2.0 24 1.0 2.0 16.4
Arunachal Pradesh 0% 0% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 22.7
Assam 1% 49% 1.0 52 0.0 0.0 11.0
Bihar 2% 24% 2.0 0 0.0 2.0 12.4
Chhattisgarh 5% 16% 2.0 42 0.0 2.0 15.1
Chandigarh 7% 18% 2.0 93 2.0 2.0 22.3
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and
Daman and Diu
1% 1% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 18.6
Delhi 7% 26% 3.0 16 1.0 3.0 23.7
Goa 12% 2% 2.0 13 1.0 2.0 20.3
Gujarat 4% 2% 1.5 30 0.0 0.0 22.5
Himachal Pradesh 1% 1% 1.0 0 0.0 3.0 14.5
Haryana 2% 4% 1.0 7 0.0 0.0 14.0
113
Annexure 1: Indicator Values for 2025

Indicator Type Outcomes Enablers
Indicators
Private EV registration Commercial EV registration Governance Initiatives Purchase

Incentives Transition Initiatives Operational Support Initiatives Fuel Price Parity
States and UTs Indicator Unit
Percentage Percentage Initiatives (Number) ₹
Per Year
Per Capita Initiatives (Number) Initiatives (Number) Ratio
Jharkhand 2% 11% 2.0 25 0.0 1.0 13.4
Jammu & Kashmir 2% 31% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 10.4
Karnataka 11% 7% 3.0 0 0.0 2.0 22.9
Keralam 12% 9% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 15.0
Ladakh 0% 0% 2.0 267 0.0 2.0 14.3
Lakshadweep 2% 10% 0.0 65 0.0 0.0 12.7
Maharashtra 8% 5% 3.0 34 2.0 1.0 15.7
Meghalaya 1% 9% 2.0 15 0.0 0.0 11.3
Manipur 1% 39% 2.0 0 0.0 0.0 15.1
Madhya Pradesh 7% 16% 2.8 0 1.5 3.0 15.4
Mizoram 3% 0% 2.0 0 0.0 1.0 12.1
Nagaland 0% 0% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 16.0
Odisha 9% 6% 3.0 1 1.0 2.0 20.2
Punjab 4% 5% 2.0 11 0.0 2.0 15.5
Puducherry 6% 22% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 16.5
Rajasthan 6% 5% 2.0 6 1.0 1.0 17.5
Sikkim 0% 0% 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 18.1
Tamil Nadu 8% 6% 2.0 4 1.0 1.0 10.7
Tripura 1% 61% 2.0 0 0.0 1.0 12.9
Uttarakhand 4% 16% 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 12.5India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
114

Indicator Type Outcomes Enablers
Indicators
Private EV registration Commercial EV registration Governance Initiatives Purchase

Incentives Transition Initiatives Operational Support Initiatives Fuel Price Parity
States and UTs Indicator Unit
Percentage Percentage Initiatives (Number) ₹
Per Year
Per Capita Initiatives (Number) Initiatives (Number) Ratio
Uttar Pradesh 4% 30% 3.0 4 0.0 2.0 12.3
West Bengal 3% 14% 2.0 0 0.0 1.0 17.5
Telangana 8% 5% 2.0 0 1.0 1.0 17.9
8.2 Charging Infrastructure Readiness
The charging Infrastructure Readiness theme consists of one outcome and five enabler indicators.
Table 5 lists the enabler and outcomes indicator values for all States and UTs.
Table 5: State-Wise Indicator Values for the Charging Infrastructure Readiness Theme
Indicator Type Outcomes Enablers
Indicators
Charger-to-Vehicle ratio Capital Subsidies for Public Charging Infrastructure Charging Infrastructure Development Initiatives Building Byelaws for Charging Share of Renewable Energy Generation Capacity Power Availability
States and UTs
Indicator Unit
Ratio (per lakh vehicles) Number Initiatives (Number) Initiatives (Number) Percentage Percentage
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3.2 0 1 0 28.5 5.5
Andhra Pradesh 7.8 1 2 2 39.4 0
115
Annexure 1: Indicator Values for 2025

Indicator Type Outcomes Enablers
Indicators
Charger-to-Vehicle ratio Capital Subsidies for Public Charging Infrastructure Charging Infrastructure Development Initiatives Building Byelaws for Charging Share of Renewable Energy Generation Capacity Power Availability
States and UTs
Indicator Unit
Ratio (per lakh vehicles) Number Initiatives (Number) Initiatives (Number) Percentage Percentage
Arunachal Pradesh 14.2 0 1 0 19.1 0
Assam 6.6 0 0 0 19.6 0
Bihar 4.7 1 1 1 7.4 0
Chhattisgarh 5.4 1 2 1 13.7 0
Chandigarh 4.1 1 2 2 31.1 0
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and
Daman and Diu
4.4 0 0 0 15.5 0
Delhi 41.1 1 2 2 6.4 0
Goa 24.6 1 3 2 11.7 0
Gujarat 7.6 0.5 1 0 60.8 0
Himachal Pradesh 9.8 0 3 1 25.8 0.4
Haryana 27.2 1 2 2 19.8 0
Jharkhand 6.7 1 1 0 6.7 0
Jammu & Kashmir 10.9 0 0 0 8.7 0.1
Karnataka 36.8 1 2 2 59.5 0
Keralam 17.3 0 1 0 30.5 0
Ladakh 4.2 1 0 1 8.7 0.1
Lakshadweep 5.6 0 1 0 19.7 0
Maharashtra 17.8 1 3 2 45.8 0
Meghalaya 18.0 0 2 0 11.1 0India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
116

Indicator Type Outcomes Enablers
Indicators
Charger-to-Vehicle ratio Capital Subsidies for Public Charging Infrastructure Charging Infrastructure Development Initiatives Building Byelaws for Charging Share of Renewable Energy Generation Capacity Power Availability
States and UTs
Indicator Unit
Ratio (per lakh vehicles) Number Initiatives (Number) Initiatives (Number) Percentage Percentage
Manipur 18.3 0 2 1 8.2 0
Madhya Pradesh 7.6 0.75 1 0.75 33.4 0
Mizoram 4.0 0 2 0 28.6 0
Nagaland 13.0 0 0 0 17 0
Odisha 7.9 1 2 2 10.6 0
Punjab 8.6 0 2 2 15.7 0.3
Puducherry 7.4 0 1 0 16.7 0
Rajasthan 9.7 1 2 1 70.4 0
Sikkim 12.4 0 1 0 7.9 0
Tamil Nadu 11.2 1 2 2 55.8 0
Tripura 8.6 0 1 2 7.6 0
Uttarakhand 9.3 0 1 0 24.5 0.4
Uttar Pradesh 6.9 0 2 1 16.8 0
West Bengal 8.4 0 3 2 7.2 0
Telangana 12.6 0 1 0 26.1 0
117
Annexure 1: Indicator Values for 2025

8.3 EV Research and Innovation
The EV Research and Innovation Status theme consists of one outcome and two enabler indicators.
Table 6 lists the enabler and outcomes indicator values for all States and UTs.
Table 6: State-Wise Indicator Values for the EV Research and Innovation Status Theme
Indicator Type Outcome Enablers
Indicator
EV Startups R&D Initiatives Patents
States and UTs Indicator Unit
Startups Per trillion
₹
GSDP
(Number) Initiatives (Number) Patents Per trillion
₹
GSDP
(Number)
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 12 0 0.0
Andhra Pradesh 9 1 0.1
Arunachal Pradesh 9 0 0.0
Assam 6 0 0.3
Bihar 9 0 0.8
Chhattisgarh 8 1 0.3
Chandigarh 18 2 2.6
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu - 0 0.0
Delhi 30 3 1.5
Goa 8 1 3.1
Gujarat 13 0.5 0.5
Himachal Pradesh 1 0 2.8
Haryana 24 2 0.4
Jharkhand 8 1 1.6
Jammu & Kashmir 5 0 1.3India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
118

Indicator Type Outcome Enablers
Indicator
EV Startups R&D Initiatives Patents
States and UTs Indicator Unit
Startups Per trillion
₹
GSDP
(Number) Initiatives (Number) Patents Per trillion
₹
GSDP
(Number)
Karnataka 18 2 1.5
Keralam 10 0 0.1
Ladakh - 3 0.0
Lakshadweep - 0 0.0
Maharashtra 19 3 0.5
Meghalaya - 1 0.0
Manipur 9 1 0.0
Madhya Pradesh 15 2.25 0.1
Mizoram - 2 0.0
Nagaland - 0 0.0
Odisha 9 2 0.2
Punjab 6 2 0.2
Puducherry 17 0 3.4
Rajasthan 10 2 0.2
Sikkim - 0 0.0
Tamil Nadu 15 3 0.6
Tripura - 1 0.0
Uttarakhand 6 0 0.0
Uttar Pradesh 15 1 0.5
West Bengal 11 2 0.2
Telangana 19 2 0.1
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ANNEXURE 2:
METHODOLOGY
DOCUMENTATION 2025
9

This section provides a comprehensive overview of the themes, indicators, scoring methodology and
data sources used to evaluate the e-mobility progress of all Indian States and UTs.
9.1 Terminologies and Definitions
To better comprehend and clearly articulate this annexure, definitions of the terminologies frequently
used in it are summarised below:
1. Assessment period refers to the calendar year. The Index is designed as an instantaneous Index.
However, the limited availability of data necessitates the assessment of indicators utilising values
derived from the accessible yearly data.
2. Theme refers to a subdomain of e-mobility, linked to one or more significant outcomes. The
performance of themes is driven by State-specific policies, incentives, regulations and processes.
Each theme may have three or more parameters (performance indicators). The themes are scored
out of 100.
3. Indicators or parameters are key performance indicators of e-mobility. These could be
estimated using one or more data points. These performance indicators are often normalised
using the population, GSDP or number of vehicles. The indicator value is its estimated numeric
or quantitative value.
4. Outcome indicators or parameters are performance indicators of a State that emerge as a result
of one or more initiatives undertaken by State governments that directly help achieve the national
e-mobility goals.
5. Enabler indicators or parameters serve as performance indicators that reflect State government
initiatives or characteristics over which the government largely exercises control. These enablers
aid in the growth or development of outcome parameters.
6. Data points are discrete units of information collected from various sources.
7. The indicator or parameter score for a State is calculated based on the State’s performance on
the indicator and the specific scoring method used for that indicator. The indicators are scored out
of 100.
8. The absolute scoring method involves scoring a State’s indicator based on predetermined cut-off
levels or functions.
9. The relative scoring method involves scoring a State’s indicator depending on how a State
compares with the other States under evaluation. For instance, performance indicators of the
90th%ile among the States are targets (scored as 100), and scores of the other States are estimated
accordingly. The documentation details the scoring method for each indicator.
10. The target value for an indicator is the cut-off at which the States are scored the maximum score
for the indicator:
a. The target value for absolute scoring is fixed or predefined
b. The target value for relative scoring depends on indicator values of the candidate States
being evaluated.
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Annexure 2: Methodology Documentation 2025

9.2 Index Structure: Themes, Indicators and Sources
The IEMI assesses the progress of e-mobility and highlights the key factors of a successful transition.
It promotes peer learning among States, thus aiding policy decisions, impactful interventions and
private investments. Development of the Index involved a review of global indices, collaboration with
stakeholders, collation of feedback, data collection, methodology development and evaluation.
The IEMI structure was designed with inputs from stakeholders in the central and State governments
as well as national and international industry and research experts, and the Index was developed using
open central government and third-party datasets.
Its structure reflects the key aspects of the e-mobility ecosystem, which are applicable to all States
and UTs across the country. Accordingly, the Index is organised into three main themes: Transport
Electrification Progress, Charging Infrastructure Readiness, and EV Research and Innovation Status.
These themes encompass the demand, infrastructure and R&D required to support e-mobility and
comprise 16 performance indicators, categorised as enablers and outcomes, as shown in Table 7.
Table 7: IEMI Structure
Theme Name
Indicator
Type
Indicators Source
Indicator
Unit
Transport
Electrification
Progress
Outcomes
1. Private EV
adoption
Vahan database Percentage
2. Commercial
EV adoption
Vahan database Percentage
Enablers
3. Governance
initiatives
State EV policies
Initiatives
(number)
4. Purchase
incentives
State EV policies
₹ per year per
capita
5. Transition
incentives
State EV policies
Initiatives
(number)
6. Operational
support
initiatives
State EV policies
Initiatives
(number)
7. Fuel price
parity
Electricity tariff orders
& Petroleum Planning
and Analysis Cell
RatioIndia Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
122

Theme Name
Indicator
Type
Indicators Source
Indicator
Unit
Charging
Infrastructure
Readiness
Outcome
8. Charger-to-
Vehicle ratio
BEE & Vahan Ratio
Enablers
9. Capital
subsidies
for public
charging
infrastructure
State EV policies
Initiatives
(number)
10. Charging
infrastructure
development
initiatives
State EV policies
Initiatives
(number)
11. Buildings
bye-laws for
charging
State EV policies
Initiatives
(number)
12. Share of RE
generation
capacity
CEA Percentage
13. Power
availability
CEA Percentage
EV Research and
Innovation Status
Outcome 14. EV startups
Startup India and
MoSPI
Startups
per trillion ₹
GSDP
Enablers
15. R&D
initiatives
State EV policies
Initiatives
(number)
16. Patents
Controller of Patents
and MoSPI
Patents per
trillion ₹
GSDP
BEE: Bureau of Energy Efficiency;
CEA: Central Electricity Authority;
MoSPI: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
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Annexure 2: Methodology Documentation 2025

9.3 Transport Electrification Progress
The Transport Electrification Progress theme focuses on State-led initiatives to promote EV adoption
through targeted policies and incentives, encouraging a shift from traditional ICE vehicles. This theme
includes the following indicators:
1. Private EV Adoption (outcome)
2. Commercial EV Adoption (outcome)
3. Governance initiatives
4. Purchase incentives
5. Transition initiatives
6. Operational support initiatives
7. Fuel price parity
The following subsections describe the various components of the above-listed indicators, including
their definitions, data points, sources, assessment periods, indicator values and score calculations.
9.3.1 Private EV Adoption
The Private EV Adoption refers to the share of private EVs in the total private vehicles registered in
the State during the assessment period. The assessment considers two types of vehicles: 2Ws and 4Ws.
The Vahan dashboard displays the vehicle category for each type, as shown in
Table 8: Mode-Wise Classification of Private Vehicle Types
S. No Vehicle Type Vehicle Category, as Mentioned on the Vahan Dashboard
1 2W Two-wheeler (NT)*
2 4W Light motor vehicle (NT)*
*NT: non-transport.
9.3.1.1 Unit
Percentage (share of private EVs)
9.3.1.2 Data points
1. Number of private e-2Ws registered in the State
2. Number of private e-4Ws registered in the State
3. Number of private 2Ws registered in the State
4. Number of private 4Ws registered in the State
9.3.1.3 Source
Vahan dashboardIndia Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
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9.3.1.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is evaluated for the relevant calendar year (e.g., 2025).
9.3.1.5 Indicator Value
The Private EV Adoption is calculated by dividing the total number of private e-2Ws and e-4Ws by the
total number of private 2Ws and 4Ws registered in the State during the assessment period.
Formula to calculate the indicator value:
Total number of private e-2Ws and e-4Ws registered in the State
Total number of private 2Ws and 4Ws registered in the State
9.3.1.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is scored using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90
th
percentile parameter
value among the evaluated States. Since there are no official accepted targets for the national adoption
rate, the 90
th
percentile indicator value is considered the target. States at and above the percentile will
be scored the highest, that is, 100, and scores for the other States are calculated relatively.
Formula to calculate the score:


9.3.2 Commercial EV Adoption
The Commercial EV Adoption refers to the share of commercial EVs among the total commercial
vehicles registered in the State during the assessment period. The assessment considers six vehicle
types: commercial 3Ws (excluding e-rickshaw), taxis, buses, Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs), Medium
Goods Vehicles (MGVs) and Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs). The Vahan dashboard displays the
vehicle category for each type, as shown in
Table 9: Mode-Wise Classification of Commercial Vehicle Types
S.No. Vehicle Type Vehicle Category as Mentioned on the Vahan Dashboard
1 Commercial 3Ws Three-wheeler (T)*
2 4W Light passenger vehicle
3 Buses Heavy passenger vehicle
4 LGV Light goods vehicle
5 MGV Medium goods vehicle
6 HGV Heavy goods vehicle
*3W Class - Passenger and Goods. Excluded rickshaw and personal.
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9.3.2.1 Unit
Percentage (share of commercial EVs)
9.3.2.2 Data points
1. Number of commercial e-3Ws registered in the State
2. Number of commercial electric taxis (e-taxis) registered in the State
3. Number of commercial e-buses registered in the State
4. Number of commercial electric LGVs (e-LGVs) registered in the State
5. Number of commercial electric MGVs (e-MGVs) registered in the State
6. Number of commercial electric HGVs (e-HGVs) registered in the State
7. Number of commercial 3Ws registered in the State
8. Number of commercial taxis registered in the State
9. Number of commercial buses registered in the State
10. Number of commercial LGVs registered in the State
11. Number of commercial MGVs registered in the State
12. Number of commercial HGVs registered in the State
9.3.2.3 Source
Vahan dashboard
9.3.2.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is evaluated for the relevant calendar year (e.g., 2025).
9.3.2.5 Indicator Value
The Commercial EV Adoption is calculated by dividing the total number of commercial EVs:
e-3Ws, e-buses, e-taxis, e-LGVs, e-MGVs and e-HGVs by the total number of commercial vehicles:
3Ws, taxis, buses, LGVs, MGVs and HGVs registered in the State during the assessment period.

Formula to calculate the indicator value:
Total number of commercial EVs-e 3Ws,e taxis,e buses,e LGVs,e MGVs and e HGVs-
registered in the State during the assessment period
Total number of commercial vehicles-3Ws,taxis,buses,LGVs,MGVs and HGVs-
registered in the State during the assessment period
9.3.2.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is scored using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90
th
percentile
parameter value among the evaluated States. Since there are no official accepted targets for the
national adoption rate, the 90
th
percentile indicator value is considered the target. States at and
above the 90
th
percentile will be scored the highest, that is, 100, and scores for the other States are
calculated relatively.India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
126

Formula to calculate the score:
9.3.3 Governance Initiatives
Governance initiatives are substantial initiatives undertaken at the governance level to plan, regulate
and accelerate EV adoption in the State.
9.3.3.1 Unit
Integer (number of governance initiatives)
9.3.3.2 Data points
1. The State EV policy mandates an interdepartmental committee for e-mobility. (Yes/No)
2. A State EV policy was notified and is currently active. (Yes/No)
3. A State website or portal for EV awareness is available. (Yes/No)
4. Duration of active EV policy during the assessment year. (in months)
9.3.3.3 Source
The data are from State EV policies, and internal research is conducted for the presence of active
State EV websites and portals.
9.3.3.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated as verified in the EV policy or policy amendments, if any.
9.3.3.5 Indicator Value
The number of governance initiatives is the count of initiatives the State undertakes, as specified in
the data points.
Value for each datapoint: ‘Yes’ = 1 and ‘No’ = 0.
Formula to calculate the parameter value:
(Availability of a State EV website or portal+Presence of a State EV interdepartmental
committee+(Presence of an EV policy* duration factor)

where,
duration factor= active EV policy (in months)/12
9.3.3.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the absolute scoring method, and a simple linear scoring function is
used to score the indicator.
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9.3.4 Purchase Incentives
Purchase incentives are financial incentives to create demand and encourage EV adoption by reducing
upfront costs, making EVs more competitive than ICE vehicles. This indicator denotes the annual
per capita subsidy allocation, determined by the maximum subsidy per vehicle and maximum limit
on the number of vehicles. This includes State subsidies on EVs. This estimate does not include tax
exemptions.
9.3.4.1 Unit
₹ per year per capita (EV purchase incentive per year per capita)
9.3.4.2 Datapoints
1. Estimated allocation toward ‘capital subsidies’ to purchase EVs, as Stated in the EV policy.
2. The EV policy period
3. Population of the State or UT (National Commission on Population 2025)
9.3.4.3 Source
State EV policies and Population of the State or UT
9.3.4.4 Assessment Period
The assessment period is the EV policy period. For example, the assessment period for Tamil Nadu is
five years. The indicator is updated annually, with amendments to the EV policy or release of a new
EV policy.
9.3.4.5 Indicator Value
The budgeted EV purchase incentive per year per capita is calculated by dividing the sum of the
estimated budget allocated toward capital subsidies by the EV policy period, and then this amount
is divided by the State’s population.
Formula to calculate the indicator value:
Total capital subsidies for EV
EV policy period in years. State or UT Population
9.3.4.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90
th
percentile
indicator value among the evaluated States, and the State achieving this value is considered the
target. States at and above the 90
th
percentile will be scored the highest, that is, 100, and scores for
the other States are calculated relatively.India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
128

Formula to calculate the score:
9.3.5 Transition Initiatives
Transition initiatives refer to fiscal incentives that State governments offer to encourage the scrapping
of ICE vehicles in exchange for EVs and to stimulate the demand for converting and retrofitting
existing ICE vehicles into EVs.
9.3.5.1 Unit
Integer (number of transition initiatives)
9.3.5.2 Data points
1. The EV policy mandates the provision of vehicle-scrapping incentives for EVs. (Yes/No)
2. The EV policy mandates the provision of EV conversion kits/retrofitting incentives.
(Yes/No)
3. Duration of active EV policy during the assessment year. (in months)
9.3.5.3 Source
State EV policies
9.3.5.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated annually, as verified in the EV policy or policy amendments, if any.
9.3.5.5 Indicator Value
The number of EV transition initiatives is the count of initiatives the State has undertaken, as specified
in the data points. Value for each datapoint: ‘Yes’ = 1 and ‘No’ = 0.
Formula to calculate the indicator value:
Duration factor* (Availability of scrapping incentives
+ Availability of EV conversion kits or retrofitting incentives)
where,
9.3.5.6 Score Calculation
The number of EV transition initiatives is evaluated using absolute scoring method. A simple linear
scoring function is used to score EV transition incentives.
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Formula to calculate the score:

9.3.6 Operational Support Initiatives
Operational support initiatives refer to the initiatives the government undertakes to ease the usage of
EVs in the State.
9.3.6.1 Unit
Integer (number of operational support initiatives)
9.3.6.2 Datapoints
1. The EV policy mandates the provision of reserved parking spaces or parking charge exemptions.
(Yes/No)
2. The EV policy mandates the development of low emission zones in the State. (Yes/No)
3. The EV policy mandates permit exemptions for commercial EVs. (Yes/No)
4. The EV policy mandates interest subvention on purchase of EVs. (Yes/No)
5. Duration of active EV policy during the assessment year. (in months)
9.3.6.3 Source
State EV policies
9.3.6.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated annually, as verified in the EV policy or policy amendments, if any.
9.3.6.5 Indicator Value
The operational support initiatives are the count of initiatives the State undertakes, as specified in the
datapoints. Value for each datapoint: ‘Yes’ = 1 and ‘No’ = 0.
Formula to calculate indicator value:
(Availability of an exemption from parking charges or reserved EV parking
spaces+Mandates low emission zones+ Availability of permit exemptions for commercial
EVs +Mandates on interest subvention for electric vehicles)* duration factor
Where,

9.3.6.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the absolute scoring method, and a simple linear scoring function is
used to score the indicator.India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
130

Formula to calculate the score:
9.3.7 Fuel Price Parity
Fuel Price Parity is the ratio of petrol cost per litre to the public EV charging electricity cost per unit
for charging an EV. This indicates the units of electricity that can be purchased at the cost of 1 litre
of petrol in the State.
9.3.7.1 Unit
kWh units of electricity per litre of petrol
9.3.7.2 Datapoints
1. Minimum applicable EV public charging tariff per unit
2. Per litre cost of petrol in the State.
9.3.7.3 Source
State electricity tariff order, BEE, Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell
9.3.7.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated annually, based on the per litre price of petrol and the EV electricity tariff per
kWh unit at the end of the year. Annual averages are computed for assessment.
9.3.7.5 Indicator Value
The fuel price parity is the cost of 1 litre of petrol during the end of the assessment period divided
by the minimum applicable EV public charging tariff notified by the State Electricity Regulatory
Commission.
Formula to calculate the indicator value:
Petrol cost per litre in the State
Minimum applicable EV public charging tariff per unit
9.3.7.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90
th
percentile
indicator value among the evaluated States, and the State achieving this value is considered the target.
States above or equal to the 90
th
percentile will be scored the highest, that is, 100, and scores for the
other States are calculated relatively.
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Formula to calculate the score:

9.4 Charging Infrastructure Readiness
The Charging Infrastructure Readiness theme focuses on the development and integration of the State’s
charging infrastructure. It encompasses State-led initiatives and incentives aimed at establishing robust
charging networks and encouraging RE generation. The theme includes the following indicators:
1. Chargers-to-Vehicle ratio (outcome)
2. Capital subsidies for public charging infrastructure 
3. Charging infrastructure development initiatives 
4. Building bye-laws for charging
5. Share of RE generation capacity 
6. Power availability
The following subsections describe the various components of the above-listed indicators, including
their definitions, datapoints, sources, assessment periods, indicator values and score calculations.
9.4.1 Chargers-to-Vehicle Ratio
The Chargers-to-Vehicle ratio is the total number of charging points per lakh vehicle registered
in the State.
9.4.1.1 Unit
Charging points per lakh vehicles
9.4.1.2 Datapoints
1. Total number of operational public charging points in the State
2. Vehicles registered in the State (in lakhs)
9.4.1.3 Source
BEE and Vahan dashboard
9.4.1.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated annually. The total number of public charging points in the State is estimated
at the end of the year. The total number of vehicles registered is estimated based on the vehicles
registered in the past 15 years.
9.4.1.5 Indicator Value
The Charger-to-Vehicle ratio is the total number of charging points in the State divided by the
vehicle registered in the past 15 years in the State by the end of the assessment period.India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
132

Formula to calculate the indicator value:
Total number of charger points in the State during the calendar year
Total number of registered vehicles in the State in the past 15 years
9.4.1.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90th%ile
indicator value among the evaluated States, and the State achieving this value is considered the
target. States with equal or higher Charger-to-Vehicle ratio will be scored 100. The other States are
scored lower by the relative scoring method.
Formula to calculate the score:

9.4.2 Capital Subsidies for public charging infrastructure
Capital subsidies for public charging infrastructure refer to the financial support State governments
provide to set up public charging infrastructure.
9.4.2.1 Unit
Integer (number of charging subsidies initiatives)
9.4.2.2 Datapoint
1. The EV policy mandates the provision of capital subsidies for setting up public chargers in
the State.
2. Duration of active EV policy during the assessment year. (in months)
9.4.2.3 Source
State EV policies
9.4.2.4 Assessment period
The indicator is updated annually, as verified in the EV policy or policy amendments, if any.
9.4.2.5 Indicator Value
Capital subsidies for public charging infrastructure refer to the presence of initiatives the State has
undertaken, as specified in the datapoints.
Formula to calculate the indicator value:
Indicator value for mandates on capital subsidy datapoint: ‘Yes’ = 1 and ‘No’ = 0.
indicator value=datapoint value*duration factor
where,

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9.4.2.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the absolute scoring method, and a simple linear scoring function
is used to score the indicator.
Formula to calculate the score:
Score= indicator value*100
9.4.3 Charging infrastructure development initiatives
The Charging Infrastructure Development initiatives are steps the State government has undertaken
to accelerate the approval process (and incentives) in setting up public chargers in the State.
9.4.3.1 Unit
Integer (number of charging infrastructure development Initiatives)
9.4.3.2 Datapoints
1. The policy mandates a ‘single-window system’ or fixed lead time for approvals for charging
infrastructure connections. (Yes/No)
2. The policy mandates the provision of concessional rates for land for public charging. (Yes/No)
3. The State/UT has a nodal agency for charging infrastructure. (Yes/No)
4. Duration of active EV policy during the assessment year. (in months)
9.4.3.3 Source
State EV policies
9.4.3.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated annually, as verified in the EV policy or policy amendments, if any.
9.4.3.5 Indicator Value
The number of charging infrastructure development initiatives is the count of initiatives the State
has undertaken, as specified in the datapoints.
Value for each datapoint: ‘Yes’ = 1 and ‘No’ = 0.
Formula to calculate the indicator value:
(Presence of single window system or fixed lead time for approvals + Conscessional rates for land
for public charging + State nodal Agency for public charging)
where,


9.4.3.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the absolute scoring method, and a simple linear function is used to
score the indicator. India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
134

Formula to calculate the score:

9.4.4 Building bye-laws for charging
The building byelaws and mandates refer to the government initiatives undertaken to promote and
integrate public and private charging of EVs with the State’s development control regulations.
9.4.4.1 Unit
Integer (number of building byelaws for initiatives)
9.4.4.2 Datapoints
1. The State EV policy mandates building byelaws for the integration of EV charging in new
buildings. (Yes/No)
2. The State EV policy recommends EV charging installation in existing buildings. (Yes/No)
9.4.4.3 Source
Central Electricity Authority
9.4.4.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated annually, as verified in the EV policy or policy amendments, if any.
9.4.4.5 Indicator Value
The value indicates the count of initiatives the State has undertaken, as specified in the datapoints.
Value for each datapoint: ‘Yes’ = 1 and ‘No’ = 0.
Formula to calculate the parameter value:
(Building byelaw mandate for integration of EV charging in new buildings +Recomendations
to install EV chargers in existing buildings)
9.4.4.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the absolute scoring method, and a step function is used to score
the indicator. The scoring step function is linear.
Formula to calculate the score:

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9.4.5 Share of RE generation capacity
This indicator refers to the share of RE generation capacity in the State’s total installed electricity
generation capacity.
9.4.5.1 Unit
Percentage (share of RE generation capacity)
9.4.5.2 Datapoints
1. Total RE generation capacity of the State.
2. Total energy generation capacity of the State.
9.4.5.3 Source
Central Electricity Authority
9.4.5.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated annually based on recent monthly data available from the CEA, such as
December 2025.
9.4.5.5 Indicator Value
The indicator value is estimated by dividing the State’s installed RE generation capacity by its total
installed energy generation capacity.
Total Renewable Energy Generation Capacity
Total Energy Generation Capacity
9.4.5.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90th%ile
indicator value among the evaluated States, and States that achieve a value equal to or higher
than the 90th%ile will be scored 100. The other States score relatively lower, based on the target.

Formula to calculate the score:

9.4.6 Power availability
Power availability is measured in terms of the deficit between the power demand and power supply
for States and UTs.
9.4.6.1 Unit
Percentage (share of power shortage)
9.4.6.2 Datapoints
1. Power shortage in the State (demand – availability)
2. Power demand in the State India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
136

9.4.6.3 Source
Central Electricity Authority
9.4.6.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated yearly, such as in December 2025, based on recent data available from CEA.
9.4.6.5 Indicator Value
The indicator value is estimated by dividing the State’s power shortage with its power demand.
Formula for calculating the indicator value:
Power demand in the State – Power available in the State
Total demand in the State
9.4.6.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 20th%ile
indicator value among the evaluated States, and States that achieve a value equal or lower value
than the 20th%ile is scored 100. The other States score relatively lower, based on the target.
Formula to calculate the score:

9.5 EV Research and Innovation Status
The EV Research and Innovation Status theme highlights the expansion of R&D initiatives in the EV
sector. It assesses government policies, incentives and efforts to promote EV advancements, including
the growth of e-mobility startups and development of supportive EV education programmes. The
theme includes the following indicators:
1. EV Startups (outcome)
2. R&D initiatives
3. Patents
The following subsections describe the various components of the above-listed indicators, including
their definitions, datapoints, sources, assessment periods, indicator values and score calculations.
9.5.1 Startups
This indicator refers to the total number of startups in the State that are recognised as EV startups by
Startup India, normalised by the GSDP.
9.5.1.1 Unit
Startups per trillion ₹ of the GSDP
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9.5.1.2 Data points
1. Total number of EV startup registrations
2. GSDP (constant price)
9.5.1.3 Source
Startup India website and MoSPI
9.5.1.4 Assessment Period
The indicator is updated yearly, based on data on EV startups at the end of the quarter, such as on
31 December 2025.
9.5.1.5 Indicator Value
The number of startups registered at the end of the assessment period is divided by the GSDP.
Formula for calculating the indicator value:
Number of startups registered in the State
GSDP
9.5.1.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is scored using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90th%ile indicator
value among the evaluated States, and the State achieving this value is considered the target. States
with equal or higher startups per trillion ₹ of GSDP will be scored 100. The other States are scored
lower by the relative scoring method.
Formula to calculate the score:
9.5.2 R&D initiatives
EV R&D initiatives are actions the State government undertakes to promote R&D in e-mobility through
fiscal and non-fiscal measures.
9.5.2.1 Unit
Integer (number of R&D initiatives)
9.5.2.2 Data points
1. The EV policy mandates initiatives on setting up of R&D centres for skill development.
2. The EV policy mandates the provision of establishing Centre of excellence in the State.
3. The EV policy mandates the setting up of polytechnic or short-term courses on e-mobility.
4. Duration of active EV policy during the assessment year. (in months)
9.5.2.3 Source
State EV policies India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
138

9.5.2.4 Assessment Period
The data are updated yearly, as verified in the EV policy or policy amendments, if any.
9.5.2.5 Indicator Value
The number of R&D initiatives is the count of initiatives the State has undertaken, as specified in
the datapoints.
Value for each data point: ‘Yes’ = 1 and ‘No’ = 0.
Formula to calculate the indicator value:
duration factor* (Presence of initiatives on setting R&D centres + Presence of mandates on
establishing COEs + Presence of short term courses on electric mobility)
where,

9.5.2.6 Score Calculation
The score is evaluated using the absolute scoring method, and a simple linear scoring function is
used to score the indicator.
Formula to calculate the score:
9.5.3 Patents
This indicator refers to the total number of EV-related patents enforced by Intellectual Property
India at the end of the assessment period, normalised with GSDP.
9.5.3.1 Unit
Patent per trillion ₹ of GSDP
9.5.3.2 Data points
1. Total number of active patents related to EVs
2. GSDP (constant price)
9.5.3.3 Source
Controller General Patents, Designs & Trademarks (CGPDTM) and MoSPI
9.5.3.4 Assessment period
The data are updated yearly based on the latest data available at the end of the calendar year.
9.5.3.5 Indicator Value
The latest data available on the number of active patents (related to EVs) registered by the end of
the FY is divided by the GSDP.
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Formula for calculating the indicator value:
Number of patents registered in the State
GSDP
9.5.3.6 Score Calculation
The indicator is evaluated using the relative scoring method. The target value is the 90th%ile
indicator value among the evaluated States, and the State achieving this value is considered the
target. States with equal or higher values will be scored 100. The other States score relatively lower.
Formula to calculate the score: India Electric Mobility Index 2025 | Tracking Electric Mobility Trends in Indian States
140

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