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Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | i Disclaimer
This document presents the Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-
Paradeep Economic
Region (BCPPER), outlining key growth drivers and a strategic roadmap up to 2047.
The analysis is based on publicly available data and inputs from the State Government,
supported by stakeholder consultations and preliminary market and spatial assessments.
Project costs, land requirements, and locations are indicative and provided for planning
purposes only. This document including the project proposals contained therein are
expected to evolve overtime as the situation and context changes, as well as based
on the detailed feasibility study undertaken by the implementing authorities. Maps
and spatial representations are prepared using secondary sources and are indicative,
not to scale. All images are sourced from open-access platforms or provided by State
Government and used for representational purposes only. Economic Plan for
Bhubaneswar-Cuttack
-Puri-Paradeep
Economic Region
February, 2026 TABLE OF
CONTENT
Setting the Context 1
BCPPER – Profile, Strengths, Challenges, and Opportunities 5
Economic Plan – Projects & Policies 13
Building Enabling Institutions and Governance Mechanisms 19
Unlocking Sectoral Engines of Growth 23
Tourism Sector 27
Education Sector 47
Technology Sector 59
Real Estate Sector 69
Port Development 77
Integrated Transport & Logistics 89
Manufacturing Sector 105
Textiles, Handloom, & Handicraft Sector 115
Chemical Sector 127
Agriculture & Allied Sector 135
Promoting Fisheries and Allied Sectors 145
Sustainability & Disaster 151
Quality of Life and Liveability 163
Conclusion 167
Annexures 169 Message
Honourable Chief Minister, Odisha The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack–Puri–Paradeep Economic Region marks
a significant milestone in Odisha’s journey towards planned, inclusive and sustainable
urban growth. Developed in alignment with the NITI Aayog Growth Hub Initiative, the Plan
reflects our collective resolve to position cities as engines of economic progress while
ensuring improved quality of life for every citizen.
The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack–Puri–Paradeep corridor represents a unique convergence of The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack–Puri–Paradeep corridor represents a unique convergence of
governance, heritage, industry and coastal connectivity. By integrating urban
infrastructure, housing, mobility and economic planning within a unified framework, this
initiative lays a strong foundation for future-ready cities that are resilient, efficient and
people-centric. It reinforces our commitment to balanced regional development and
environmentally responsible urbanisation.
I appreciate the efforts of all departments, institutions and stakeholders who have I appreciate the efforts of all departments, institutions and stakeholders who have
contributed to shaping this comprehensive roadmap, with strategic guidance from NITI
Aayog. The Government of Odisha remains steadfast in its commitment to effective
implementation through coordination, innovation and continuous monitoring. This
initiative will play a transformative role in advancing the vision of Viksit Odisha and
strengthening Odisha’s contribution to the national goal of Viksit Bharat @2047.
(Dr. Krushna Chan dra Mahap atra)
Teleph one : 0674-2536952 (O), PBX No.: 0674-23905 25 (A)
Mobile No : +91 700825187 0, 9437960 752
Foreword
Honourable Housing & Urban Minister, Odisha Foreword
Chief Secretary, Odisha Preface
CEO, NITI Aayog Foreword
Additional Chief Secretary, Odisha
From the desk of Additional Chief Secretary...
The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradip Economic Region The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradip Economic Region
(BCPPER) presents a clear and forward-looking roadmap for Odisha’s urban and regional
development. As a flagship initiative under Odisha’s Vision 2036 and 2047, BCPPER reflects
our commitment to building a strong, inclusive, and globally competitive economic region
supported by modern infrastructure, sustainable growth, and coordinated urban
development.
BCPPER brings together four important cities-Bhubaneswar, our administrative and BCPPER brings together four important cities-Bhubaneswar, our administrative and
knowledge capital; Cuttack, State’s historic commercial centre; Puri, a globally renowned
cultural and tourism destination, and Paradip, the country’s major port and industrial
gateway. Together, these cities form the economic, industrial and cultural heart of Odisha
This plan marks a shift from developing these cities in isolation to planning them as one This plan marks a shift from developing these cities in isolation to planning them as one
integrated economic region. The focus sectors include manufacturing, logistics, tourism,
food processing, and emerging knowledge industries. By improving connectivity between
urban centres, industries, and the port, and by aligning infrastructure with economic
priorities, we aim to unlock new opportunities for investments, job creation, and improved
quality of life.
This economic plan is the result of close collaboration across government departments, This economic plan is the result of close collaboration across government departments,
informed by detailed analysis and consultations with stakeholders, and guided by
national and regional priorities. The Housing & Urban Development Department will ensure
coordinated implementation through strong governance, regular monitoring, and
continuous improvement.
Through this initiative, we aspire to transform BCPPER into a model of sustainable urban Through this initiative, we aspire to transform BCPPER into a model of sustainable urban
growth and living, one that delivers prosperity, creates opportunities for our people, and
contributes meaningfully to the vision of Viksit Odisha and Viksit Bharat. This plan also
helps the department to prepare similar blueprint for other major urban agglomerations
such as Bargarh-Jharsuguda-Sambalpur, Berhampur-Chhattrapur-Gopalpur, and
Jeypore-Koraput-Sunabeda.
Usha P adhee , IAS
Date : 07/02/2026( USHA P ADHEE )
୩ୟ ମହଲା, ଖାରେବଳ ଭବନ, ଭ ୁବେନନର, ଓଡ଼ ିଶା
3nd Floor , Khar avel Bha van, Bhub aneswar, Odisha
0674-253690 3, e-mail : hudsec .or@od. gov.in Acknowledgement
Programme Director, Urban, NITI Aayog i | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Abbreviation Description
AI Artificial Intelligence
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
APEDA
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority
AQI Air Quality Index
ATC Air Traffic Control
BCPPER Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
BnBillion
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CBD Central Business District
CCF Customs Clearance Facility
C-DAC Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant
CEZ Coastal Economic Zone
CFC Common Facilities Centre
CIPET Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology
COCPC Committee on Cotton Production and Consumption
CRUT Capital Region Urban Transport
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CoDB Cost of Doing Business
CoE Centre of Excellence
DFC Dedicated Freight Corridor
DGFT Directorate General of Foreign Trade
DGCIS Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
DMO Destination Management Organisation
DPR Detailed Project Report
EIA Export Inspection Agency
ERDA Economic Region Development Authority
EGoM Empowered Group of Ministers
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPEconomic Plan
EoDB Ease of Doing Business
ER&D Engineering Research & Development
Abbreviations Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | ii
Abbreviation Description
FAR Floor Area Ratio
FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry
FPO Farmer Producer Organisation
FSSAI Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited
GCC Global Capability Centre
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
GSVA Gross State Value Added
GIS Geographic Information System
GoI Government of India
GoO Government of Odisha
GVA Gross Value Added
HEI Higher Education Institutions
HPSC High-Power Steering Committee
HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point
IAIndustrial Area
ICAR-CIFA
Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture
ICCC Integrated Command and Control Centre
ICD Inland Container Depot
IDCO Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha
IEIndustrial Estate
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IIIT Indian Institute of Information Technology
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
IMD India Meteorological Department
INI Institute of National Importance
IMS Institute of Medical Sciences
IDCO Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation
IOCL Indian Oil Corporation Limited
IoT Internet of Things
IT Information Technology iii | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Abbreviation Description
ITeS Information Technology Enabled Services
ITI Industrial Training Institute
IWT Inland Water Transport
KIZ Kala Innovation Zone
LMT Lakh Metric Tonne
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LVC Land Value Capture
MCS Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance
MMF Man-Made Fibre
MMLP Multimodal Logistics Park
MMT Million Metric Tonne
MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
MPEDA Marine Products Export Development Authority
MnMillion
MSMEs Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
MoPSW Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MTPA Million Tonne Per Annum
NABL
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration
Laboratories
NDMA National Disaster Management Authority
NEP National Education Policy
NGT National Green Tribunal
NID National Institute of Design
NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
NIRYAT National Import-Export Record for Yearly Analysis of Trade
NISER National Institute of Science Education and Research
NSQF National Skills Qualifications Framework
OMC Odisha Mining Corporation
OSDA Odisha Skill Development Authority
OSDMA Odisha State Disaster Management Authority
OSRTC Odisha State Road Transport Corporation
OUAT Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology
OUTR Odisha University of Technology and Research
PCPIR Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | iv
Abbreviation Description
PIB Press Information Bureau
PMMSY Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
PMU Project Management Unit
PPP Public Private Partnership
R&D Research & Development
REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RoI Return on Investment
RPIDA Regional Planning Industrial Development Authority
RRTS Regional Rapid Transit System
SCB Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College & Hospital
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SHG Self-Help Group
SLB Service Level Benchmark
SOA Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University
Sq. Km Square Kilometer
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
TnTrillion
TAG Textile Advisory Group
TCS Tata Consultancy Services
TOD Transit Oriented Development
UCF Urban Challenge Fund
ULB Urban Local Body
UGC University Grants Commission
VCVenture Capital Finance
VGF Viability Gap Funding
WPR Worker Population Ratio
WRI World Resources Institute
XIM Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar
ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge v | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(BCPPER) presents a structured and project-oriented strategy to accelerate regional
economic growth by building on existing strengths while addressing persistent
structural constraints. The Report is grounded in a detailed assessment of sectoral
performance, spatial endowments, infrastructure capacity, as well as aspirations and
translates these into growth drivers with a set of implementable projects and policy
interventions.
For preparation of the Economic Plan of BCPPER, the influence zone consisted of
four districts, Khordha, Cuttack, Puri, and Jagatsinghpur each with distinct but
complementary economic roles. The region combines a strong agriculture and allied
base, significant fisheries and aquaculture resources, manufacturing and mineral-linked
industrial activity, a growing services economy anchored in the capital city, and major
port and logistics infrastructure. Services particularly education, health, tourism, trade,
logistics, and knowledge-based activities play a central role in regional employment
and urban growth, especially in Bhubaneswar-Cuttack. The Report recognises that
while these assets are substantial, their overall economic impact remains constrained
by low value addition; fragmented value chains; infrastructure and logistics gaps;
limited export orientation; and weak integration between production centres, service
hubs, and markets.
Vision
For the long-term vision the Report has used the target set for BCPPER to be a
USD 500 billion economic region by 2047 in the Odisha Vision document. However,
going beyond the economic expansion alone; the Report has worked on BCPPER to
emerge as a high-growth, globally connected economic region, while preserving and
promoting the region’s heritage, religious identity, natural assets, and cultural character.
Leveraging its urban centres, productive hinterland, coastal and port infrastructure,
and services base, the vision seeks to position BCPPER as a key growth engine for
Odisha ensuring that accelerated development is in harmony with its cultural and
ecological foundations.
Approach
To operationalise this vision, the Report adopts a sector-led, spatially anchored, and
project-driven approach. Rather than treating sectors in isolation, the plan focuses
on value-chain integration, clustering, and the alignment of production, processing,
services, and logistics across the region.
The following approach has been adopted while preparing the Economic Plan:
1. Port-led Industrial and Export Growth
BCPPER’s transformation is anchored in leveraging Paradeep and emerging coastal
infrastructure to drive port-led industrialisation and export competitiveness.
Manufacturing expansion, downstream value addition, and logistics efficiency
Executive Summary Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | vi
are integrated with port connectivity to strengthen trade linkages and position
the region as an outward-oriented production hub.
2. A strong Knowledge and Skill-based Services Ecosystem
The region’s services base particularly Tourism, Education, and Information
Technology is positioned as a structured growth engine anchored in defined
projects and corridors. Tourism is strengthened through temple and heritage
circuits, cruise and coastal infrastructure, and experience-based destinations to
enhance value capture. Education is advanced through an Edu-SEZ, Science City,
and hub-and-spoke skilling centres linked to industry, while the IT sector covers
the full digital value chain research, design, development, data infrastructure,
and global capability centres positioning BCPPER to emerge as a self-sustaining
knowledge and innovation hub.
3. Cluster-based Value Chain Development
Production systems are organised through cluster-based models across sectors
like Agriculture & Allied activities; Fisheries and Aquaculture; and Manufacturing
(including textiles and related sectors). This approach enables scale, improves
productivity, enhances value addition, and strengthens linkages between
producers, processors, and markets through integrated value chains.
4. Spatially anchored Development Zones
The strategy translates sector priorities into clearly defined development
zones, industrial corridors, agri- and aqua-processing clusters, tourism circuits,
knowledge corridors, and port-linked logistics nodes. By aligning sectoral growth
with spatial planning, the Report ensures that investments are geographically
concentrated, infrastructure-supported, and implementation-ready.
Together, this approach translate vision into strategy and then into implementable
investments, through clearly defined projects with identified locations, indicative
land requirements, investment estimates, and institutional responsibilities.
Proposals
The report translates the strategic pillars into a comprehensive portfolio of more than
80 proposed projects, supported by more than 30 policy and regulatory interventions,
structured across core economic sectors and enabling infrastructure.
The proposals span:
(i) Agriculture and Fisheries (8 projects) focused on crop-specific cluster
development, integrated aquaculture parks, agri-export terminals, value-
chain infrastructure, and modernised fishery systems to enhance productivity
and export readiness.
(ii) Manufacturing and Chemicals (20+ projects) aimed at downstream value
addition, sector-specific industrial estates, PCPIR strengthening, technical
textiles, food processing, biotechnology, and plug-and-play industrial
infrastructure linked to port-led growth. vii | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(i) Transport and Ports (25+ projects) including multimodal logistics parks,
FTWZs, rail and road connectivity, RRTS integration, green hydrogen
facilities, maritime workforce centres, and port-linked industrial ecosystems
to strengthen export competitiveness.
(ii) Tourism (20 projects) centred on temple and heritage circuits, cruise
tourism, eco-tourism, theme-based destinations, waterfront development,
and hospitality infrastructure to position BCPPER as a high-value tourism
region.
(iii) Education and Skilling (3 projects) including Edu-SEZ, Science City, and hub-
and-spoke skilling centres integrated with industrial clusters to strengthen
human capital and industry linkages.
(iv) IT & Digital Ecosystem (4 projects) focused on GCC clusters, AI and data
centre infrastructure, ER&D centres, and digital backbone development to
support knowledge-led services and industrial modernisation.
Collectively, the proposals represent a phased and sequenced roadmap designed
to enhance value addition, deepen export integration, generate employment, and
strengthen BCPPER’s structural transformation in alignment with its $500 billion
vision. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | viii 1 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
1
Setting the Context
Developing City Regions as Growth Hubs –
An Initiative to Build Cities of Tomorrow Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 2
1.1 Leveraging City-Regions as Engines of Growth
Even though cities are widely acknowledged as the principal engines of economic
growth, international experience demonstrates that a planned approach is the
catalyst in transforming cities into major growth centres. In India, the process
of urbanisation has become a critical determinant of the country’s economic
trajectory. India today constitutes the second-largest urban system globally,
accounting for nearly 11% of the world’s urban population. Share of urban
population in India, currently estimated at 36%
1
is projected to approach 50%
2
by 2047. This demographic shift presents significant opportunities for enhanced
productivity while simultaneously posing critical challenges related to urban
liveability.
Although urban centres occupy only 3% of the national landmass, they contribute
nearly 65% to the country’s GDP
3
. However, Indian cities are yet to harness the
transformative potential of urbanisation. Realising the vision of Viksit Bharat
@2047 necessitates a paradigm shift in the way urbanisation is conceived,
planned and governed.
1.2 The Growth Hub Initiative: A Paradigm Shift in Urban Planning
In 2023, NITI Aayog launched the Growth Hub for City Regions (G-Hub)
initiative, with the objective of adopting a holistic approach to economic and
regional development of urban centers. As part of this initiative, the concept of
Economic Plan was introduced, defined as the “strategic roadmap for cities that
translates economic vision into spatial and social priorities, aligning resources
and interventions to achieve inclusive, competitive and sustainable growth.”
The initiative recommends the following four key mind shifts in prevailing urban
planning and management practices in India with the Economic Plan providing
the necessary guidance and direction:
(i) Proactive rather than Reactive Approach: Position economic planning as a
precursor to land-use and spatial planning, with a focus on efficient delivery
of urban services.
(ii) Three-Pillar Framework: Accord equal emphasis on all three aspects of
growth, viz. economic growth with investment; quality of life with liveability;
and inclusivity with long-term sustainability.
(iii) Regional Lens: Reorient planning to the scale of city-regions rather than
restricting with in the administrative boundaries to capture functional inter-
dependencies better, manage urban sprawl and leverage wider economic
catchment areas.
(iv) Institutional Reform: Establish a transformative institutional mechanism
that aligns with the needs of the growing city-region by dismantling sectoral
silos, fostering coordination across departments and optimising resources.
1 Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections (2019) : Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
2 Sustainable Urbanisation in the Paris Agreement (2017) : UN-Habitat
3 Cities of the Future: Reimagining and Rejuvenating India’s Top 50 Urban Ecosystems (2023) : BCG 3 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
1.3 Key Concepts
The G-Hub initiative envisages a structured and replicable framework for steering
India’s city-regions towards long-term economic transformation through the
following five-step process:
Figure 1.1: Five-step framework for preparing an economic plan for city regions
(i) Baseline: Mapping the current demographic, spatial and economic profile
to establish the reference conditions.
(ii) Setting Aspirations: Defining measurable economic and social targets,
aligned with state and national visions.
(iii) SWOT Analysis: Systematically assessing the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats shaping the region’s prospects.
(iv) Growth Driver Identification: Selecting sectors with the highest potential
for GDP contribution and employment generation for the region.
(v) Project Proposal and Implementation: Translating aspirations into bankable
projects, targeted policy interventions, and institutional mechanisms for
delivery.
1.4 Identification of Economic Region
As a pioneering initiative, NITI Aayog initially identified four cities at different
levels of growth, viz. Surat, Mumbai, Varanasi, and Visakhapatnam to develop and
validate the process templates.
Subsequently, on the request of the Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar was
taken up as the fifth city region under the G-Hub initiative for preparing its
Economic Plan. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 4
Figure 1.2: Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region (BCPPER)
To determine the economic region first a nucleus city is identified and the
region is then selected based on several considerations, including contiguity
and proximity; economic reliability; axes of growth; logistics and connectivity
dependence; and complementarity.
The economic region was finalised in close consultation with the State Government,
it includes four districts namely; Khordha, Cuttack, Puri, and Jagatsinghpur; and
called the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region (BCPPER).
It constitutes Odisha’s most dynamic economic and cultural corridor, and
encompasses the state’s key urban centres (Bhubaneswar - the administrative
capital and education hub; Cuttack - the historic commercial centre; Puri - a
global religious and tourism destination; and Paradip - Odisha’s largest port and
a petrochemical-industrial anchor.)
By integrating these four districts under a unified planning framework, the
G-Hub initiative seeks to establish BCPPER as a functional economic region
that leverages complementarities through linking port-led growth supported by
industries and services; integrating heritage and culture with urban planning; and
aligning skilling and education with local economic demand. 5 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2
BCPPER – Profile,
Strengths,
Challenges, and
Opportunities
(Current Realities and Development
Imperatives) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 6
2.1 Geographic and Demographic Profile of the Region
BCPPER spans across 11,892 sq. kms., accounting for 7.6% of Odisha’s total land
area, and is home to an estimated 9.24 Mn people in 2025, representing about
17% of the state’s population. The region occupies a strategic position in Odisha’s
economic landscape, generating US$ 22.38 Bn in FY25, which is nearly 19%
Odisha’s economy. Despite its economic significance, BCPPER has a per capita
GDP of US$ 2,419, which is slightly lower than the state’s and national average,
making productivity improvement a critical priority.
With a workforce of 4.13 Mn, the worker population ratio of BCPPER, at 43.4%,
is below the state’s and national average. This underscores the necessity for
greater employment generation along with initiatives to enhance female and
youth labour force participation.
Figure 2.1: Demographic & economic profile of the region
2.2 Economic Significance of BCPPER within Odisha
The region has witnessed robust nominal GVA growth of nearly 10% per annum
between FY14 and FY25, positioning it among the fastest-growing regions in
Odisha. This growth is accompanied by a notable structural shift in sectoral
contributions, reflecting rapid economic transformation with a steady increase in
the share of the tertiary sector.
• Tertiary Sector: Driven by trade, tourism, transport, business services, and
education.
• Secondary Sector: That underscores the rising importance of industrial
estates, downstream metals, and petrochemicals; and
• Primary Sector: Comprising agriculture and fisheries, continue to provide
livelihoods, albeit increasingly constrained by climate pressures and
productivity concerns. 7 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 2.2: Sectoral GVA composition and employment in BCPPER (FY25)
Overall, BCPPER exhibits relatively better regional balance at the district level,
Khordha (US $ 3.07 Bn) and Cuttack (US $ 2.91 Bn) account for the largest shares
in the GVA of the state, serving as the region’s principal administrative and service
hubs. Puri (US $ 2.01 Bn) contributes significantly through tourism and services,
while Jagatsinghpur (US $ 1.25 Bn) drives industrial activity around Paradip port
and PCPIR region.
Figure 2.3: District-wise economic profile of BCPPER (FY-25) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 8
2.3 Vision, Targets, and Growth Scenarios for 2047
The Economic Plan of the region is anchored on the Odisha Vision 2047, which
sets out an aspiration of transforming the state into a US $ 1.5 Tn economy by 2047,
nearly 15 times its current size. The vision emphasises large-scale employment
generation, diversifying into services and knowledge-driven industries,
strengthening global competitiveness and embedding climate resilience as core
elements of the growth pathway
4
.
Within this overarching framework, the vision designates the BCPPER as the state’s
flagship growth corridor, expected to contribute nearly one-third of Odisha’s
GDP and serve as a primary driver of the state’s economic transformation.
Figure 2.4 Odisha Vision 2047 - Growth Pathway
Guided by the Odisha Vision 2047, multiple growth scenarios for BCPPER were
considered to assess the potential pathways for realising the region’s economic
5
potential.
Aligning with the broader national vision and the Odisha Vision @2047, the
Economic Plan envisages that BCPPER will become a US $ 500 Bn economy
by 2047. The Plan provides targeted interventions as a guiding framework that
depends on a port-led industrialisation; growth in knowledge economy, including
IT/ITES, education and skilling; tourism growth; productivity increase across
sectors and green growth; while safeguarding heritage and religious identity;
conserving the environment and promoting local culture.
5 Analysis by NITI Aayog (2025) 9 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2.4 Endowments and Emerging Trends
The BCPPER’s rich and varied endowments collectively position it as the driving
engine of Odisha’s growth.
• The region boasts of rich natural endowments with a vast coastline, fertile
riverine belts, and extensive aquaculture potential, which have traditionally
supported livelihoods and continue to hold promise for the growth of the blue
economy.
• The region’s cultural endowments are globally renowned, particularly its
religious tourism. The Jagannath Temple at Puri and the Konark Sun Temple,
both sites of immense historical and spiritual value, draw lakhs of visitors
annually. Cuttack’s historic urban core and the ecological richness of Chilika
Lake further enhance the region’s diversity, giving BCPPER the potential to
evolve into a premier international cultural and eco-tourism hub.
• The industrial base is anchored by Paradip Port and the PCPIR, which provides
a strong foundation for petrochemicals, downstream industries, and port-
proximate manufacturing. Industrial estates in Jagatsinghpur and Khordha
add depth to the region’s industrial landscape, making it a critical node in
Odisha’s industrialisation strategy.
• The region boasts of a robust network of 33 higher education institutions,
including IIT Bhubaneswar, AIIMS Bhubaneswar and NISER. Together it
positions BCPPER as Odisha’s primary higher education and skilling hub. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 10
Figure 2.5: Key endowments of BCPPER
By aligning with emerging global and national trends, BCPPER is well positioned
to build a resilient future ready growth trajectory. The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack
corridor is expanding rapidly as a metropolitan belt. Rising demand for IT/ITES
and startups offers opportunities for the region to position itself as an innovation
hub. Tourism trends increasingly favour eco-tourism and heritage experiences,
aligning well with BCPPER’s cultural and ecological assets. The export potential
of aquaculture and textiles is expanding, driven by global markets. Finally, the
green transition, encompassing renewable energy and sustainable industrial
initiatives, provides a foundation for a resilient and future-ready economy, as
shown in Figure 2.6.
Figure 2.6: Global & national trends
The Economic Plan charts a pathway to integrate natural, cultural, industrial, and
institutional strengths into a unified strategy to position BCPPER as a competitive
economic region by 2047.
2.5 SWOT Analysis
Building on this endowments and emerging trends, a detailed SWOT analysis was
undertaken to examine the internal and external factors influencing BCPPER’s
growth, identify bottlenecks, and provide a structured assessment of the region’s
strategic positioning. 11 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 2.7: SWOT analysis
The analysis underscores the need for a balanced strategic roadmap that
capitalises on inherent strengths and emerging opportunities while systematically
addressing weaknesses and threats through targeted interventions.
2.6 Key Growth Drivers
Based on an assessment of BCPPER’s natural endowments, demographic
strengths, industrial base, tourism potential, growing service sector, and general
trends, the following growth drivers have been prioritised:
• Tertiary Sector: The region presents distinct comparative advantages in
services. Bhubaneswar–Cuttack functions as Odisha’s knowledge and IT hub,
anchored by institutions such as IIT, AIIMS, NISER, and a rising base of IT/ITES
firms and GCCs. Puri and Konark provide a unique platform for heritage and
coastal tourism, while real estate and urban services are expanding rapidly
along the metropolitan corridor.
• Secondary Sector: BCPPER hosts large-scale industrial assets, the Paradip Port
and PCPIR in Jagatsinghpur, industrial estates in Khordha and downstream
clusters. The strategic focus is on transitioning from low-value manufacturing
into advanced sectors like chemicals, petrochemicals, apparel, food processing,
electric vehicles, and green industries with a focus on progressively greening
the sector.
• Primary Sector: Agriculture and fisheries remain central to livelihoods,
particularly across Jagatsinghpur, Puri and parts of Cuttack. The region’s
high-yield aquaculture belts, marine resources and fertile coastal plains offer
an opportunity to position BCPPER as India’s seafood and agri-export hub
through strategic interventions.
• Enablers: Cutting across various sectors are the horizontal enablers that help Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 12
unlock the full potential of the above sectors by strengthening utility services
(power, water, housing), sustainability and liveability. Equally important are
institutional enablers such as the proposed Economic Region Development
Authority, which will be critical for governance and implementation.
Figure 2.8 Sectoral growth drivers and enablers for BCPPER
The growth drivers given in Figure 2.8 are mutually reinforcing with port-led growth
being the central theme, where sectors such as manufacturing, food processing,
chemicals and textiles feed into the port economy. This port-led industrialisation,
in turn, generates demand for logistics and urban infrastructure, while a robust
education and skilling ecosystem ensures a steady supply of talent for the secondary
and tertiary sectors. Targeted interventions in tourism, fisheries, handicrafts and
other sectors are proposed to lead to inclusive growth with strategic branding,
improved connectivity and integration with global markets. Together, the list of
projects, economic zones and policy measures for each of the growth driver creates
a coherent roadmap for BCPPER’s transformation, as elaborated in the next chapter. 13 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3
Economic Plan –
Projects & Policies
(Interventions and Enabling Policies) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 14
3.1 Overview
The Economic Plan sets out a comprehensive framework of strategic interventions
designed to transform BCPPER into a leading centre of economic growth by 2047.
It integrates sector-specific projects, development zones with enabling reforms,
policy measures, and institutional frameworks. Ensuring effective convergence
across these initiatives is essential to create a cohesive and coordinated
implementation strategy, address all critical parameters, and prevent fragmented
or duplicate efforts.
3.2 Project Portfolio at a Glance
A total of 85 projects have been identified across the BCPPER’s key growth drivers,
spanning the entire spectrum, from modernising agriculture and aquaculture
to building IT innovation hubs, downstream industrial estates, tourism circuits,
and integrated transport systems, among others. The list of proposed project
portfolio is given in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1: List of projects
For nearly 40 of these projects, the specific location across the four districts of
Khordha, Cuttack, Puri, and Jagatsinghpur has been identified (Figure 3.2). Together,
these projects balance sectoral depth with regional spread, enabling both scale and
inclusivity. 15 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 3.2: Indicative locations of projects Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 16
3.3 Dedicated Development Zones
To spatially integrate some of the proposed interventions and avoid fragmented
growth, the Economic Plan also proposes four dedicated development zones:
(i) Knowledge corridors and innovation districts anchoring education, skilling,
and R&D, aligned with the respective growth drivers to ensure the whole
ecosystem of the industry grows;
(ii) Port-proximate manufacturing clusters leveraging Paradip Port, PCPIR and
allied coastal nodes for downstream industries and logistics;
(iii) Global sports city combining training infrastructure and sports tourism; and
(iv) Kala Innovation Zone showcase Odisha’s cultural and creative economy
through design, craft and market access.
These zones ensure convergence of sectoral projects within defined geographies,
fostering complementary ecosystems that enable the size and scale of the
economic sector.
3.4 Cross-Sectoral Policy Reforms
In addition to the project portfolio, the Economic Plan also identifies 32 enabling
policies and reforms that establish the institutional and regulatory foundation
for long-term growth. These encompass both sector-specific measures across
multiple domains and cross-cutting reforms addressing systemic challenges.
Presented in Figure 3.3, these interventions create a supportive policy environment
that complements proposed projects, fostering investment, innovation and
sustainable implementation.
Figure 3.3: List of proposed policies 17 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Realising this vision, however, will require robust governance structures and
dynamic institutional mechanisms capable of unlocking the region’s true potential
and driving sustained, inclusive growth. The next chapter covers the institutional
imperatives.
3.5 Projects in Urban Centres
A spatial review of urban centres in BCPPER shows a clear distribution of
sectoral projects across Municipal Corporations and Municipalities, as mapped
in the Figure 3.4. Bhubaneswar and Cuttack together anchor the largest share
of initiatives across education, IT & innovation, transport and textile-handloom,
while Puri, Jagatsinghpur, and Khordha record a higher concentration of tourism,
port-led, fisheries and agriculture-related projects.
Figure 3.4 Projects in major cities of BCPPER
In total, 41 projects fall within Municipal Corporations and 14 projects within
Municipalities, reflecting emerging sectoral specialisations across cities. A
detailed city-wise and sector-wise project list, including NACs, is provided in the
Annexures.
3.6 Implementation of the Projects
The list of projects included in the Economic Plan needs to be prioritised based
on urgency, expected economic and social impact, alignment with national and
sectoral priorities, and feasibility. Based on the above analysis, the projects need
to be categorised phase-wise and priority-wise. Projects in the tertiary sector like
education hub, health and tourism need to be prioritised. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 18 19 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
4
Building Enabling
Institutions and
Governance
Mechanisms
(Institutions, Policies, and
Partnerships) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 20
Figure 4.1: Three-tiered Governance Structure
4.1 Governance Imperatives
The scale and ambition of the Economic Plan for the BCPPER necessitate a
dedicated governance framework capable of operating seamlessly across
four districts, multiple sectors and diverse implementing agencies, seamlessly
connecting the departments of the state government with local administration.
Without such coordination, projects risk delays, duplication, and siloed execution.
A dedicated institutional architecture is, therefore, essential to translate the plan
into action.
4.2 Three-Tiered Governance Structure
The Economic Plan envisages a three-tier governance structure to steer
implementation. At the apex level is the Empowered Group of Ministers, providing
political oversight and policy direction. A High-Power Steering Committee
translates this vision into state-level strategies and ensures inter-departmental
coordination.
At the regional level, the proposed Economic Region Development Authority
serves as the operational anchor, bringing together district administrations and
line departments to drive projects on the ground.
This layered system ensures that strategic decisions flow from the top while day-
to-day implementation is coordinated regionally, creating accountability and
avoiding duplication.
4.3 Specialised Units under ERDA
To operationalise its
mandate, the Economic
Region Development
Authority will be supported
by dedicated units that
bring professional capacity
and sectoral expertise
into implementation. A
Project Management Unit
will be the repository of
knowledge on project
structuring, financing and
monitoring progress. A
Destination Management
Organisation will focus on promoting and coordinating tourism assets across
the region. Integrated Command and Control Centres will evolve on a regular
basis to leverage emerging technology to oversee compliance, environmental
management, service delivery and any other functions identified subsequently.
For large-scale infrastructure projects, Special Purpose Vehicles and PPP
frameworks will be adopted to mobilise private investment and share risk. Together,
these specialised mechanisms will ensure that Economic Region Development 21 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Authority is not just a coordinating body, but also a delivery-focused institution
capable of driving outcomes on the ground.
Figure 4.2: Tentative institutions to be set up for effective governance
4.4 Partnerships and Collaboration
The governance framework emphasises partnerships beyond government
by engaging industry associations, universities, skill centres, and civil society
organisations to bring in expertise, co-investment, and innovation into
implementation. This collaborative approach ensures that Economic Region
Development Authority is not only a regulatory body but also a facilitator of
multi-stakeholder participation.
The Economic Plan sets out a forward-looking roadmap to transform the region
into a globally competitive growth hub by 2047. Through a balanced portfolio of
projects, enabling policies, economic development zones, and robust governance
mechanisms, it provides a coherent strategy to unlock economic potential while
ensuring inclusivity, sustainability, and resilience. Its success will ultimately rest
on the convergence of state leadership, institutional capacity, private sector
participation, and community engagement.
To maintain relevance over the long term, the plan will evolve in response to
changing circumstances, supported by a structured review at regular intervals and a
follow-up action plan instituted by the state government. This approach will ensure
the robustness and adaptability required for a long-term visionary plan of this
nature, positioning BCPPER as a model for regional economic planning in India and
accelerating the journey towards Viksit Odisha and Viksit Bharat @ 2047. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 22
4.5 Strengthening Project Financing
To strengthen project financing and governance, it is proposed to establish a
dedicated PPP Authority under the Department of Finance. The Authority shall
be responsible for formulating standard frameworks for blended financing and
PPP models across sectors, and for mobilising at least 40% of the total capital
expenditure (capex) envisaged under the Economic Plan. This will help ensure
fiscal discipline, crowd-in private investment, and provide a single institutional
mechanism for end-to-end PPP facilitation. 23 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
5
Unlocking Sectoral
Engines of Growth
Strategic Pathways and
Recommendations for Key Sectors Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 24
5.1 Strategic Approach to Service Sector Growth
Under the Odisha Vision 2047, the tertiary sector has been identified as the
principal growth driver for economic transformation, underpinning the state’s
aspiration to achieve a US$ 1.5 Tn GSDP by 2047. The vision envisages the sector
growing at a CAGR of ~10%, with its contribution to the state economy projected
to increase from the current 36% to 49% by 2047.
Within this broader framework, the BCPPER region assumes a pivotal role, as
the services sector already accounts for nearly 55% of its economy, making it
the foremost driver of regional transformation. The Economic Plan places strong
emphasis on tourism, IT, education, and urban expansion as the state’s frontline
service engines for the coming decades.
The approach adopted is to consolidate the sector’s current dominance while
repositioning it for higher value growth. Thus, shifting tourism from isolated
attractions to integrated circuits; expanding education and skilling into a globally
competitive knowledge economy; steering IT and allied services towards
research, digital innovation and exports; and guiding urban growth into planned,
sustainable real estate corridors.
Figure 5.1 Approach for BCPPER’s services sector
The proposed shifts together define the future trajectory of growth of the tertiary
sector in BCPPER, enabling a transition from local and domestic concentration to
regional and global competitiveness.
5.2 Strategic Approach: Port-led Growth
Odisha’s Vision 2047 envisions port-led development as a key driver of industrial
growth, leveraging the state’s strategic coastline to establish port-based economic
zones, enhance logistics connectivity, and catalyse large-scale industrialisation
across coastal and hinterland regions.
Aligned with the above vision, the Economic Plan positions BCPPER to drive
industrial growth through port-led development, diversified clusters and seamless 25 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
logistics integration thus guiding a transition towards globally competitive value
chains. This inter alia includes modernising ports into gateways for international
trade; embedding logistics as an enabler that links hinterland production to global
markets; deepening industrial ecosystems from raw and bulk processing into
high-value, export-oriented manufacturing; building resilience by encouraging
sustainable and clean industrial practices; and aligning with the green transition
shaping global supply chains.
These three interdependent levers of ports, logistics and manufacturing define
the pathway for BCPPER to transform from a resource-based industrial region
into Eastern India’s industrial and trade hub by 2047.
Figure 5.2 : Approach to develop the manufacturing sector
5.3 Strategic Approach to Primary Sector Growth
The primary sector plays a defining role in Odisha, supporting livelihoods at
scale and anchoring rural prosperity. While its relative share in GVA is declining
with structural change, Odisha Vision 2047 positions agriculture and fisheries
as sectors that must shift from subsistence and volume-based growth towards
productivity, diversification, and export orientation. The situation is similar in
BCPPER where strategic interventions can help this sector to support the growth
of port-led growth of the region.
As illustrated in the framework below, the approach rests on two complementary
priorities. For agriculture, the emphasis is on enhancing productivity, introducing
high-value crop diversification, and strengthening value chains so that farm
output can transition from local consumption to regional and global markets.
For fisheries, the focus is on scaling Odisha’s inherent strengths, leveraging its
575 kms coastline and extensive aquaculture base, into an integrated, export-led
‘blue economy’ supported by modern infrastructure and market linkages. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 26
Figure 5.3: Approach to develop the Primary sector
This approach ensures that the primary sector moves from a traditional livelihood base
to a modern, competitive engine of growth, contributing to inclusive development
while aligning with BCPPER’s broader economic transformation. 27 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
6
Tourism Sector
A Transformational Plan: Where
Culture, Coast, & Heritage Converge Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 28
6.1 Sectoral Snapshot
Globally, the tourism sector remains one of the largest and fastest-growing
industries accounting for 9.1% of global GDP (~ US$ 9.9 Tn) in 2023
6
. International
arrivals are projected to reach 1.8 Bn annually
7
by 2030, driven by expanding
middle classes in Asia, new aviation hubs, and rapid growth in coastal tourism. The
sector’s demand mix is shifting towards spiritual, cultural, wellness, medical, and
experiential tourism and younger travellers favouring less crowded destinations.
Increasing climate awareness is also influencing investments, with a strong focus
on low-carbon infrastructure, resilient coasts, and nature-based solutions
8
.
India’s tourism sector contributed ~US $ 232 Bn to the GDP in 2023, a 10% increase
over 2019, while generating about 43 Mn jobs
9
and emerging as a key growth
driver. India Tourism Statistics 2024 report 18.9 Mn international tourist arrivals,
surpassing pre-pandemic levels but representing only 1.3% of global arrivals,
far below France (89.4 Mn) and Spain (83.7 Mn). Even as international arrivals
rebounded post - pandemic, domestic tourism continues to dominate India’s travel
landscape. India’s ranking in the WEF Travel and Tourism Development Index
improved from 52
nd
in 2015 to 39
th
position in 2024 (9
th
in Asia-pacific region)
10
,
reflecting the impact of strong policy focus and infrastructure development.
The top countries for foreign tourist arrivals in India during 2022
11
were the USA
(21.8%), Bangladesh (19.85%), UK (10%), Australia (5.85%) & Canada (4.5%). India
has set an ambitious target of US $ 3 Tn tourism economy
12
by 2047, focusing on
13
.
• Pilgrimage Circuits (Char Dham, Ramayana, Buddhist, etc.)
• Wellness and Ayurveda Tourism
• Cruise and Coastal Tourism under Sagarmala
• Event-Based Tourism (Cultural events, Weddings, Sports, Spiritual Festivals)
Tourism contributes around 13% to Odisha’s GSDP
14
, reflecting its growing economic
significance. The state allocated INR 818 crore in the 2024-25 Budget to strengthen
infrastructure and tourism initiatives. Annual domestic and foreign tourist arrivals
increased sharply from 3.74 Mn in 2021 to 9.8 Mn in 2023, with major source states
including West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh
15
&
foreign tourists primarily from the USA, Japan, Germany, and other countries.
Tourism and hospitality have been designated as a ‘Focus Sector’, under the
State’s latest tourism policy. The state is positioning itself as a world-class
destination for sports infrastructure & boasts substantial tourist attractions and
assets, including:
6 Travel & Tourism set to Break All Records in 2024 – World Travel & Tourism Council
7 Tourism Towards 2030 - UN Tourism
8 Allied Market Research. (2024). Cultural Tourism Market by Type and Age Group
9 Tourism Expansion in India (2024) PIB
10 WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2024
11 India Tourism Statistics 2023
12 World Tourism Day 2024 Tourism and Peace - PIB
13 Ministry of Tourism Annual Report 2023-24
14 Odisha tourism annual report 2023-24
15 Data from Statistical Bulletin 2023, Department of Tourism, Govt of Odisha 29 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 6.1: Odisha boasts diverse tourism assets - Major Tourism Clusters of Odisha
16
Figure 6.2: Domestic tourists’ arrival
15
to Odisha in 2023 (Top 10 States in lacs)
16 Odisha Economic Survey 2025 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 30
However, Odisha ranks 21
st
nationally in both domestic and foreign arrivals, indicating
significant untapped potential. The lack of good connectivity, safety concerns
inadequate infrastructure including shortage of hotels of international standard,
and pollution remain some of the major challenges facing the tourism sector.
Figure 6.3: Key Tourist Attractions of BCPPER
17
BCPPER, with its major tourism endowment, forms the nucleus of Odisha tourism
landscape. Its key assets, spread across 4 districts, are:
Table 6.1: Tourism sites across BCPPER
Districts
Religious and Built
Heritage
Eco and Wildlife Cultural and Others
Khordha
Lingaraj Temple,
Rajarani Temple,
Mukteshwar
Temple, Dhauli
Shanti Stupa,
Khandagiri &
Udayagiri Caves,
Khurda Fort
Chandaka Wildlife
Sanctuary,
Mandangiri,
Nandankanan Park,
Chilika Lake (Barkul),
Berbera nature
camp, Barunei Hills
Odisha State Tribal
Museum, Kalinga
Mahotsav (Dhauli),
Khandagiri Mela, Pathani
Samanta Planetarium,
Nicco Park, Odisha State
Museum
17 Odisha Tourism Website 31 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Districts
Religious and Built
Heritage
Eco and Wildlife Cultural and Others
Puri
Shree Jagannath
Temple, Gundicha
Temple, Konark Sun
Temple, Lokanath
Temple, Atharnala
Bridge
Chilika Lake
(Satapada), Blue
Flag Golden Beach,
Chandrabhaga,
Beleswa, Balighai &
Astaranga Beaches,
Balukhand-Konark
Sanctuary, Nuanai
nature camp
Raghurajpur
(Pattachitra), Pipili
(Applique), Jagannath
Rathyatra, Konark
Dance Festival, Magha
Saptami (Chandrabhaga
Mela), Sudarshan Crafts
Museum
Cuttack
Maa Chandi Temple,
Dhabaleswar
Temple, Satakosia
temple, Lalitagiri,
Barabati Fort,
Netaji Birthplace
Museum, Swaraj
Ashram
Satkosia Tiger
Reserve, Ansupa
Lake, Olasuni nature
camp
Silver Filigree Work
(Tarakasi), Balijatra,
Maritime Museum,
Chaudwar industrial area,
Barabati Stadium
Jagatsing-
hpur
Sarala Temple,
Gorakhnath
Temple, Paradeep
Lighthouse.
Marine Aquarium,
Paradeep & Siali
Beaches
Paradip Port as a
maritime gateway and
historic coastal trade
links with Southeast Asia
Based on visitor footfall
18
, the top 13 tourist sites in Odisha are located within
BCPPER. The Figure 6.4, showcase the major tourism sites across the region.
Figure 6.4: Category-wise Major Tourism Hotspots in the BCPPER (2023)
– Ranked by Footfall
14
in Odisha (2023)18 Odisha Tourism Department – Stats 2023 Major hotspots Ranked by Footfall in Odisha Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 32
Despite these opportunities, there are several persistent challenges that prevent the
region from realising its full potential. Table 6.2 presents the key opportunities and
challenges faced by the tourism sector in BCPPER.
Table 6.2: Opportunities vs Challenges for BCPPER TourismOpportunities Challenges
• Cultural & Religious Heritage: UNESCO
sites like Konark Sun Temple and Shree
Jagannath Temple, with 30+ protected
temples; Festivals like the Rath Yatra and
Konark Dance Festival enhance global
visibility.
• Natural & Ecological Assets: 199 km
coastline, 8+ beaches including Blue
Flag Golden Beach, the Ramsar listed
Chilika Lake, Ansupa Lake and wildlife
sanctuaries that promote eco, coastal,
and adventure tourism.
• Buddhist Gateway to Southeast
Asia: The Buddhist Diamond Triangle
(Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, and Lalitgiri) has
transnational potential through cruise
and air linkages to Southeast Asia,
strengthening Odisha’s place in global
heritage circuits.
• Cultural & Craft Hubs: Raghurajpur,
Pipili, and Cuttack’s silver filigree cluster
offer experiential and creative economy
tourism.
• Rising Footfall: Tourist arrivals doubled
between 2021–2023, highlighting strong
domestic demand.
• Policy & Investment Support: Odisha
Tourism Policy 2022, increased
budgetary allocations, and central
assistance create a favorable investment
climate.
• Market Diversification: Growth lies in
adventure, wellness, medical, wedding,
& sports tourism.
• Underdeveloped Infrastructure
& Accommodation: Limited
tourism-related facilities, including
inadequate hygiene, health
services, and trained workforce;
and a shortage of high-end
hotels, especially in Cuttack,
Jagatsinghpur & Puri (refer Figure
6.5).
• Low tourist Spending & Market
Reach: Stagnant per-tourist
expenditure, short stays, and
concentration of visitors from
neighboring or low-income states
limit revenue and penetration
into high-value domestic and
international markets.
• Weak Institutional & Transport
Structure: Absence of Destination
Management Organizations
(DMOs), fragmented operations,
poor last-mile connectivity, and
lack of integrated multimodal
transport reduce operational
efficiency and accessibility.
• Environmental & Capacity
Risks: Cyclones, coastal erosion,
inadequate waste management,
and overcrowding during
major festivals that threaten
sustainability.
• Branding & Visibility: Weak global
branding and low foreign arrivals
limit BCPPER’s recognition in
international markets. 33 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 6.5: Hotels & Resorts in BCPPER
6.2 Proposed Approach
The Hon’ble Prime Minister urged the States to work towards presenting a unique
vision
19
of “One State: One Global Destination”. This national call positions tourism
as a key driver for growth, requiring each state to develop globally competitive
tourist destinations that enhance local employment, attract infrastructure
investment, and strengthen sustainable urban–rural linkages.
Building on this, Odisha’s Vision 2047 aspires to position the State as a global
tourism hub by leveraging its rich cultural heritage, vast coastline, and ecological
diversity. The Vision emphasises diversification across heritage, eco-tourism,
coastal, and experiential themes while ensuring sustainability, community
participation, and quality infrastructure.
In BCPPER despite substantial potential, the tourism assets are currently dispersed
and developed in siloes, resulting in fragmented visitor experiences and lower
economic multipliers. Addressing this gap requires a co-ordinated framework
that connects these destinations through shared infrastructure, unified branding,
and experience design.
19 Hon’ble PM statement during 10
th
Governing Council Meeting – NITI Aayog, May 2025 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 34
To address this, the Economic Plan proposes adopting a Circuit-based planning
approach, integrating dispersed destinations into cohesive thematic circuits
anchored around key nuclei (or hooks) i.e. a major existing tourist hub with strong
connectivity and commercial significance, such as Shree Jagannath Puri, Chilika
Lake, and Raghurajpur.
Under this approach, circuits are defined by grading assets, structuring them
by seasonality/duration, and categorising them by activity type. The strategy
focuses on taking each circuit as a unit of planning, aiming to ensure end-to-
end connectivity and seamless interlinkages with complementarity (for example,
linking heritage sites with experiential tourism). This circuit-based planning
approach will help boost tourist arrivals, increase per-capita spending, and
promote climate-resilient development.
The Plan proposes following 3 major tourism circuits:
• Religious & Built Heritage
• Eco & Wildlife
• Experiential
Each circuit is anchored around a nucleus or “hook” - a flagship destination
that serves as the focal point for planning, investment, and branding, with
complementary sites integrated to form cohesive & enriched visitor experiences.
Table 6.3: Major Tourism Circuits in BCPPER
Proposed Tourism CircuitsNucleusType
Religious
Shree Jagannath Puri
Temple
Hindu
Dhauli Shanti Stupa Buddhist
Built Heritage Konark Sun Temple Heritage Structure
Eco & WildlifeChilika LakeWaterbody
Experiential including
Handicrafts
Raghurajpur Artisan Village Art & Crafts
Core pillars of the approach
To translate the circuit-based approach into action, a focused strategy is required
to strengthen infrastructure, governance, and visitor experience across the
identified circuits through following key levers:
(i) Destination Development and Experience Design - Upgrade key sites
within each circuit through high-quality infrastructure, visitor amenities,
and interpretation facilities. Each nucleus will anchor bespoke attractions
reflecting Odisha’s cultural and natural endowments such as heritage
redevelopment, museums, and art installations creating distinctive and
immersive experiences for domestic and international tourists.
(ii) Diversified Tourism Offerings - Expand beyond religious tourism to develop
coastal, eco, wellness, and experiential sites. Implement a structured 35 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
strategy catering to diverse tourist demographics. Develop a year-round
calendar of events covering Rath Yatra, Konark Dance Festival, Bali Jatra,
Bird Festivals & others to sustain visitor interest. Additionally, cultural and
creative economy initiatives like the proposed Kala Innovation Zones and the
Odra Veda Museum to anchor the Region’s experiential tourism landscape.
(iii) Connectivity and Infrastructure Integration - Ensure seamless connectivity
across all circuits through multimodal access - highways, last-mile roads,
and air and cruise linkages covering Bhubaneswar, Puri, Baliharchandi, Siali
beach, & Paradeep. Development of premium hotels, eco-lodges, and event
venues along key spots is essential, supported by complementary urban
amenities through PPPs.
(iv) Governance, Digitalisation, and Skills - Establish DMOs as circuit-level
custodians to manage planning, operations, branding, marketing and revenue
management of tourism assets. Integrate digital tools such as tourism
observatories, e-passes, and real-time monitoring systems to enable data-
driven decision-making. Targeted skilling programmes in hospitality, language
training, guiding, digital services, and crafts to empower local communities,
generate employment and enhance service quality.
(v) Sustainability and Resilience - Embed environmental safeguards and
climate resilience across all interventions. Integrate carrying capacity
determinants in the planning for key sites. Promote cyclone-safe coastal
zones, mangrove buffers, and scientific waste management systems, while
scaling up community-led homestays and eco-tourism models to ensure
inclusivity and year-round livelihood generation.
(vi) Policy and Scheme Integration - Leverage convergence with ongoing
initiatives, including ABADHA for heritage development, PRASHAD and
Swadesh Darshan for circuit-based tourism, Sagarmala for coastal and cruise
connectivity, and Bharat Gaurav Trains for heritage mobility. Coordinated
policy alignment will ensure funding efficiency and unified branding across
circuits.
(vii) Phase - wise rollout - Adopt a tiered horizon for quick wins (0–5 years),
medium-term consolidation (5–15 years), and long-term transformation (15–
25 years, till 2047).
The circuit-based framework, supported by these pillars, charts a coordinated
roadmap for transforming BCPPER into a cohesive and high-value tourism
region. It shifts the focus from standalone site development to an integrated,
investment-ready model laying the groundwork for the proposed projects and
interventions that follow.
6.3 Interventions
The interventions proposed for BCPPER include projects under following 3
tourism circuits: Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 36
A. List of Projects
I: Religious & Built Heritage Circuit
1. Temple Circuit with Shree Jagannath Puri Temple as the Epicentre
Location: Across the Region
Connecting the temple trail within BCPPER (Shree Jagannath, Lingaraj, Mukteshwar,
Astashambhu, Chausath Yogini, Gundicha, Dhabaleswar, Maa Chandi, Sarala temples
etc.) and linking (Refer Figure 6.6) it with prominent temples outside the region
(Tara Tarini, Biraja temples, etc.).
2. Shree Jagannath Heritage Corridor (Phase-2)
Location: Puri
Develop an Integrated Cultural Plaza with performances, rituals, storytelling zone,
& a high end marketplace showcasing Odisha’s handicrafts and ODOP products
along with Pilgrim amenities, an organised queue system & an Interactive museum
integration.
Figure 6.6: Proposed Temple Circuit with Shree Jagannath Puri Temple as the epicentre
3. BCPPER as the Gateway for the Transnational Buddhist Circuit
Location: Connecting Buddhist tourist attractions (Dhauli, Udyagiri, Lalitgiri etc)
across BCPPER with the rest of India
Developing the infrastructure of the region’s Buddhist Trail with a meditation
hub, Peace Dome enhancements, and a promenade at Dhauli, integrated with
the PRASHAD Scheme. This will feature guided heritage tours, a state-of-the-art
museum, wellness centres, recreation and retail hubs, and targeted destination
branding along the trail, offering a rich, cultural, and immersive experience.
Additionally, the Balijatra internal cruise circuit will be developed to revive the
historic Kalinga-Bali maritime route. 37 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
4. Barabati Fort & Bali Jatra Ground Redevelopment
Location: Cuttack
Barabati Fort - Storytelling tours of Odisha’s maritime trade with Southeast Asia
& Barabati Fort’s history. Life-size replicas of Boitas (boats used for trade) in the
Maritime Museum.
Balijatra Ground - Utilise the area for hosting year-round activities subject to
weather conditions including fairs, exhibitions, and cultural events, supported
by prefabricated temporary infrastructure (structures and stalls). The remaining
reclaimed land can be converted into eco-parks, biodiversity zones, and a tent city
to provide premium accommodation.
5. Creative Redevelopment of Swaraj Ashram and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Museum Corridor
Location: Cuttack
Development of the Veergati Corridor, encompassing the redevelopment of Ganga
Mandir Pond, redesign of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Setu, creation of a pedestrian
promenade, and placemaking initiatives that narrate the legacy of India’s freedom
fighters through storytelling and cultural installations.
6.Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings
Location: In all the dilapidated heritage buildings across BCPPER
Restore and redevelop heritage sites into hotels and restaurants, artisan museums
& studios, library & cultural centres, event venues and experiential spaces, etc. that
balances conservation with commercialisation and promotion.
II: Eco & Wildlife Circuit
1. Waterfront Tourism & Recreation Development
Location: Chilika Lake, Satapada (Puri); Chilika Lake, Barkul (Khordha); Ansupa Lake
(Cuttack) & Salia Dam
Premium eco-resorts and floating lodges with day and night safaris, stargazing
decks, wellness spas and yoga centres, an annual bird hatching theme festival, nature
trails, guided treks, boating, kayaking, jet skiing, camping, bonfires, and fishing
experiences, supported by visitor centres and essential infrastructure.
2. Wildlife Sanctuary Safari
Location: Satkosia (Cuttack), Chandaka (Khordha) & Balukhand (Puri)
Develop wildlife safari circuit and linking it with other prominent sites outside the
region. Develop premium eco-resorts, organised day and night safaris, rental facilities
for vehicles and cycling, wellness Ayurvedic spa and yoga centre, and visitors centre.
Premium adventure sports such as hot air balloon rides. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 38
3. Mangrove Walkway
Location: Coastal Puri & Mahanadi Delta region (Paradeep)
Elevated eco-boardwalk, mangrove restoration, guided trails. Development of
coastal nature park at Puri.
4. Adventure Tourism
Location: Khordha, Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, and Puri
Upgrade existing trails with essential facilities and develop premium eco-campsites
to attract high-spending tourists. The government can support partner agencies in
designing 2–3 day itineraries to promote organised camping and trail-based tourism.
5. Development of Cruise Circuit & Cruise Terminals
Location: Mangala River Estuary at Puri
Connecting BCPPER with national & international route (Refer Figure 6.7), offering a
unique experience at each embarkation point. Key facilities such as berthing facilities,
passenger terminals, immigration zone, waiting areas, F&B outlets, information
centre etc., to ensure smooth operations, and pleasant experience for passengers
revive Kalinga-Bali maritime route via cruise.
Figure 6.7: Cruise circuit Tourism – To target National & International routes 39 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
6. Development of Resilient Coastal Buffer Tourism Belt
Location: Baliharchandi to Paradeep stretch
Resilient tourism planning within “Safe Coastal Zones”: Implement colour coded
zones for safe planning & modular eco-tourism infrastructure. Leverage opportunities
in the blue economy through initiatives such as Eco-tourism, floating cottages, safe
shelters, boating, artisanal fishing hubs and festivals or cultural events organised
during low risk , climate adjusted months.
7. Beach Hotels
Location: Beaches of Puri & Jagatsinghpur
To meet needs of premium tourists, develop wide range of facilities and amenities,
accommodation and dining options, recreation facilities, kids & entertainment zone, etc.
8. Beach Front Development
Location:
Puri Beaches: Beleswar beach, Balighai beach, Astaranga beach, Baliharachandi
beach, Golden beach*, Chandrabhaga beach* & Ramchandi beach* (*- Already
developed by the State).
Jagatsinghpur Beaches: Siali beach & Paradeep beach
Beachfront development, including infrastructure enhancements, nature-based
tourism activities, and engaging experiences.
III: Experiential Circuit (Crafts/Culture/Events/Wellness) & Others
1. Odra Veda Museum
Location: Near Bhubaneswar
The Museum will be developed over 10 acres as a modern, experiential cultural
complex featuring 5 themed galleries (Refer Figure 6.8), interactive installations,
and multilingual audio guides. It will include an outdoor eco-trail, sculpture garden,
event and workshop spaces, a souvenir/ODOP (One District One Product) shop,
and a food court—offering visitors an immersive journey through Odisha’s rich
civilizational heritage.
2. Global Sports City
Location: Khordha & Cuttack
The proposed Global Sports City (Area : 600 Acres approx.) will build on existing
infrastructure to create a world-class sports ecosystem, featuring an Olympic
standard stadium complex, indoor multi-sports arena, sports village with athlete
housing, motorsports track, golf course, and centres of excellence for major and
indigenous sports (Refer Figure 6.11). It will also host a women’s sports academy,
para-sports centre, sports startup incubator, and AR/VR simulation labs. Beach and
water sports facilities at Puri & Paradeep. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 40
Figure 6.8: Global Sports City at Bhubaneswar
3. Sea World Theme Park
Location: Puri/Paradeep
GoI can invite major players (for ex-SeaWorld Parks / Dubai Atlantis Marine Group)
to develop a marine-themed mega park. State to earmark 400–600 acres of CRZ-
compliant coastal land, lease it under a concessional model, & fast-track clearance
(Refer Figure 6.10).
To include oceanarium tunnels, dolphin & sea-lion shows, water coasters, coral
reef exhibits, surfing lagoons, underwater dining zones, marine education centres,
promenades, food & retail streets, amphitheatres, spas and family stay pods.
4. Sphere Theme Park
Location: Puri
GoI can invite major players (For ex -Populous Team – ‘Las Vegas Sphere’) to develop
this, state to demarcate the land and provide on lease, facilitate clearances. 300-
acre area with theme based recreational activities, musical fountains, landscaped
areas, facility for live entertainment & stage shows, event spaces, food outlets, retail
outlets & basic amenities (Refer Figure 6.10). 41 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
5. Rural & Cultural Experience Tourism
Location: Khordha, Puri, & Cuttack
• Develop rural homestays with good amenities and availability of local rides for visit to
the villages and nearby attractions.
• Promote traditional activities such as local art and handicraft activities (local
handicrafts, Pattachitra paintings, etc.), ethnic cuisines (including their preparation)
along with provision of continental and fusion cuisines, and other cultural activities
and local festivals.
• Raghurajpur Village expansion - Homestay upgrades, digital galleries, artist residencies.
• Demonstration workshops around Rath Yatra chariot-making.
• Cuttack Silver Filigree Cluster - Dedicated production + retail hub with certification cell.
• Pipili Applique Tourism Plaza - Marketplace + demonstration zones, night craft lane.
• Kala Innovation Zone - Skill, co-working, e-commerce, packaging hubs.
6. Premier Wedding & Wellness Zone
Location: Puri
Wedding Zone: Develop Puri as a premium wedding destination to capture the
growing market of grand Indian weddings. (Refer Figure 6.10).
Wellness Zone: Establish a premier wellness tourism hub that blends Odisha’s spiritual
heritage with holistic health experiences, including spiritual retreats, Ayurveda and
traditional healing, eco-wellness, culinary therapy, and water-based therapies.
7. Festivals & Events
Location: Across the region
• Scale up and promote existing festivals (Rath Yatra, Konark Dance Festival, Bali
Jatra, Khandagiri Mela, Boita Bandana, etc.) at national and international levels.
• Plan and organise new events and festivals, including art and craft exhibitions,
cultural festivals, food festivals, textile heritage fashion fiestas, and gems &
jewelry fairs.
• Publish and promote a BCPPER Festival Calendar along with festival packages.
8. Arts & Culture
Location: Across the region
• Create a cultural heritage village showcasing timeless traditions, art and culture.
• Promote local art and paintings at national and global scale by commercialisation
and tourism integration.
• Cultural programmes and performances of local dance and music forms.
• Museum - a centre for artisans, wellness, education, and ecological tourism,
leveraging the resources. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 42
9. International Convention Centre for Branding & Promotional Activities
Location: Bhubaneswar/Puri
Develop an International Convention Centre in Bhubaneswar to host global expos,
cultural and fashion shows, and an integrated Experience Centre for state branding
and promotional activities.
10. Tourism Data Observatory
Location: Bhubaneswar/Puri
Launch a Tourism Data Observatory (tourist flows, spending, on-the-ground
crowding, hotel occupancy) to enable dynamic pricing, capacity control during
festivals, and evidence-based marketing.
11. Hotels & Resorts
Location: Near docking points, beaches, lakes, airports, religious, and heritage
structures, and other tourist attractions in BCPPER
20-25 hotels and resorts (including premium and budget, total 1,000-2,000 keys)
catering to all segments of visitors with accommodation options, restaurants and
dining areas, recreational facilities, etc.
Figure 6.9: Proposed Beach Front Development at Puri 43 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 6.10: Proposed Odra Veda Museum
Figure 6.11: Plan connectivity projects to ensure seamless travel between nodes Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 44
Figure 6.12: Location of key projects across BCPPER
B. Policy Recommendations
To further supplement the robust policies & schemes of the State Government (Odisha
Tourism Policy 2022, ABADHA Scheme etc.), the following policy modifications are
proposed:
1. Carrying Capacity & Reslilient Tourism Planning
A. Introduce site-specific carrying-capacity assessments modelled on the famous
(For ex- Lakshadweep) models—for ecologically and culturally sensitive destinations
to regulate visitor flows and ensure long-term sustainability and use it for managing
tourist movement at major sites.
B. Promote resilient tourism planning through colour-coded zoning for safe and
sustainable development, targeting off-season tourism, and balanced regional
distribution. Implement climate-resilient building norms and promote renewable
energy to enable year-round, low-carbon tourism. 45 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2. Enabling Private Participation in Tourism via Land-Lease Provisions
Land-lease provisions for hotels, resorts, and theme parks will encourage private
investment, expedite project implementation, and expand the supply of quality
accommodation and infrastructure.
3. Urban Design Competition Framework for Tourism Projects
Introduce Urban Design Competitions for major tourism projects to ensure design
excellence, innovation, and context-sensitive development.
4. Integrated Framework for Adventure, Eco, & Rural Tourism
Align adventure, eco, & rural homestay tourism interventions in the Odisha tourism
policy with the National Strategy for Adventure Tourism (2022), National Strategy
for Eco-Tourism (2022), and National Strategy for Promotion of Rural Homestays
(2022). The focus will be on regulating safety and sustainability norms, expanding
eco-lodges & community-led homestays, & integrating local livelihoods within the
tourism value chain.
5. Cruise Terminal Infrastructure & Operations Standardisation
On the lines of the Indian Ministry of Tourism’s ‘Draft Strategy for Cruise Tourism’,
update the existing Odisha Tourism Policy to integrate safety and regulatory
standards for cruise terminals and docking operations, ensuring improved passenger
experience, faster turnaround, and enhanced connectivity along Odisha’s coast.
6. Heritage Conservation & Adaptive Reuse
Under the State’s ABADHA Scheme, include measures for managing visitor flows
through carrying-capacity norms while enhancing visitor offerings (such as museums,
events, etc.), generating sustainable revenue, creating employment opportunities,
and ensuring long-term operation and maintenance (O&M) financing.
7. Skill, Craft & Experience Development
Introduce certification for tourism services and GI crafts. Partner with leading
hospitality institutes for capacity building, technology firms for immersive tourism
experiences, & private developers to strengthen circuits & heritage assets. These
initiatives will enhance service quality, build visitor trust, & increase local employment
& incomes.
8. Smart Destination Management
Deploy Digital Twin technologies for key circuits to simulate infrastructure, manage
visitor flows, develop unified event calendar, and enable predictive maintenance
through real-time data analytics. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 46 47 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
7
Education Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 48
7.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The global knowledge economy is witnessing rapid growth, with the education
sector registering a 4.4 % CAGR
20
in FY25 and Ed-Tech accelerating at 15% CAGR
in FY21-22
21
. In India, the education sector contributes approximately 7.4% of
GVA as of FY23–24
22
. However, India continues to face structural challenges, as
reflected by the absence of Indian institutions in the global top 100 list and the
country accounting for the second-highest outflow of students pursuing higher
education
23
abroad, underscoring persistent demand-supply gaps and quality
concerns.
At the state level, Odisha performs moderately well compared to its peers. With
27 HEIs per lakh population (close to the national average of 30)
24
and 3 Institutes
of National Importance, (INIs) while the state has established a foundation but
still lags behind states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, which record
much higher institutional densities (Figure 7.1) and globally visible education
ecosystems.
Figure 7.1: State-wise number of HEIs per lakh population (2021)
20 HolonIQ (2025): Market Survey Global Education Sector
21 HolonIQ (2022): Market Survey Global Education Sector
22 Economic Survey (2023–24): Ministry of Finance.
23 Higher Education Global Data report (2022): UNESCO
24 All India Survey on Higher Education 2021-22: Ministry of Education 49 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
The Economic Plan focuses on developing the higher education sector in BCPPER,
building upon its robust and expanding K-12 education ecosystem. The region
currently has the highest density of colleges in the state with 33
25
HEIs (Figure
7.2). It has reputed institutes in diverse domains of science and technology (IIT,
IIIT, NISER, OUTR), medical sciences (AIIMS, SCB Medical College), management
(XIM, Sri Sri University), law (NLUO, Madhusudan Law University), agriculture
(OUAT), and heritage studies (Shri Jagannath Sanskrit University, Odia University).
This diverse ecosystem ensures coverage across STEM disciplines, as well as
governance, business, culture and rural development.
Figure 7.2: District-wise no. of HEIs in
Odisha (21-22)
Figure 7.3 District-wise no. of skill &
technical institutions (2024-25)
There is evidently both the inherent strengths of the higher education ecosystem
in BCPPER and the systemic gaps that constrain its global competitiveness. These
have been summarised in Table 7.1 as key opportunities that can be leveraged and
the challenges that must be addressed, to reposition BCPPER as a world-class
education hub.
Table 7.1 Opportunities and Challenges in the Education Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Rapidly growing global education
market (4.5% CAGR) and EdTech
(15% CAGR)
26
.
• No BCPPER institution currently
features in global top 100 rankings
27
;
weak international visibility.
25 Annual Report 2021-22 (2022): Odisha Higher Education Department
26 HolonIQ (2022): Market Survey Global Education Sector
27 QS World University Rankings 2025 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 50
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Capture India’s outbound student
base by offering affordable, world-
class higher education locally.
• High outbound student migration
reflecting unmet demand for quality
education.
• Attract global universities through
greater autonomy and integration
with international standards.
• Low research output and poor
academia-industry linkages stifle
innovation culture.
• Maximise BCPPER’s potential by
aligning education and skilling with
regional growth drivers.
• Heavy reliance on state funding;
limited financial autonomy to
innovate and expand globally.
• Potential to position BCPPER as
South Asia’s Education Hub by
offering affordable, world-class
alternatives to attract international
students from the neighbouring
South and LMICs.
• Limited focus on modern skills,
employability, and entrepreneurship
leaves graduates misaligned with
industry.
Addressing these challenges while leveraging its strengths will be critical for
positioning the region as a globally competitive knowledge and talent destination.
7.2 Approach to Establish BCPPER as the Education Hub of South Asia
To understand the structure/framework/design of a robust Education Hub various
benchmarks were examined while the approach towards transforming BCPPER
into an education hub was evolved based on global best practices; national policy
directives; regional imperatives; and integrating them into a coherent framework
tailored to BCPPER’s socio-economic and spatial context.
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 articulates the vision of transforming
India into a ‘Knowledge Hub,’ but does not detail the contours of a regional
education hubs. Globally, one of the most accepted definitions comes from Jane
Knight (2011), who describes ‘education hubs’ as organised efforts to create a
critical mass of local and international actors - universities, research institutes,
firms, and governments working together to deliver education, training, research,
and innovation. For such hubs to succeed, Knight identifies four essential
components, as illustrated in Figure 7.4. 51 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 7.4 Jane Knight’s Education Hub Framework
As the next step a comparative assessment of leading global education hubs
was undertaken. Across regions, these hubs have emerged through planned
strategies that combine higher education with industry collaboration, research,
innovation, and urban development. Figure 7.5 lists the leading educational hubs
studied in this context.
Figure 7.5: Global education hubs
A review of international experience reveals that education hubs succeed when
they operate as integrated ecosystems, not as standalone institutions. Presently,
BCPPER hosts a number of strong but largely standalone institutes with limited
scale, weak linkages and low international visibility, underscoring the need for Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 52
a more integrated model. The global case studies yield the following six critical
learnings, which collectively inform the pathway for developing the education
hub in BCPPER:
(a) Urban Form and Spatial Strategy (Singapore and Korea)
• Compact or smart-city models where universities co-exist with business
districts and innovation zones.
• Walkable, transit-connected hubs to integrate living, learning, and
working.
• Strategic positioning near airports and metro corridors to maximise
global mobility.
(b) Institutional Structure and Innovation Ecosystem (Dubai and Malaysia)
• Hosting global universities to raise international visibility.
• R&D intensive institutions and collaborative science parks linking research
with industry.
• Multi-tiered models ensure the coexistence of public, private, and foreign
institutions.
(c) Industry Linkages and Economic Drivers (Singapore and MIT–Cambridge)
• Strong ties to AI, biotech, healthcare, fintech, & other sunrise and high-
growth sectors.
• Startups, corporate partnerships, and innovation clusters act as natural
anchors.
• SEZ frameworks and incentives that attract global R&D and corporate
investments.
(d) Global Talent Attraction (Dubai and Korea)
• Tailored visa regimes, scholarships, and career pathways (e.g., post-
study work permits).
• Alumni networks and international rankings to boost brand prestige.
• Dual degrees, joint research, & exchange programmes enhancing student
mobility.
(e) Governance and Policy Enablers (Dubai’s free-zone and Singapore’s policy
models)
• Alignment with national innovation or knowledge economy visions.
• Free-zone or special governance models providing institutional
autonomy.
• Coherence across education, urban, economic, and labour policies.
(f) Infrastructure and Shared Services (Cambridge’s integrated ecosystem)
• Shared housing, libraries, labs, and recreation facilities across institutions.
• Education-culture-lifestyle convergence fostering retention and
international appeal. 53 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Internationally, the new age hubs such as Singapore, Dubai, Malaysia, and Korea
were found to offer a better fit, as their approach to creating ecosystems mirrors
the opportunity currently before BCPPER, instead of the organic growth in the
other established knowledge hubs. These strategies provide a replicable pathway
that can be adapted to Odisha’s strengths to position the region as South Asia’s
premier education hub. The above six takeaways were translated into a four-step
approach for BCPPER given in Figure 7.6.
Figure 7.6 Steps to set up an Education Hub
7.3 Proposed interventions
Building on the above findings and BCPPER’s regional strengths, the following
three pillars have been proposed as the core strategy for transforming the region
into a major education hub (Figure 7.7).
Figure 7.7: Three pillars to make BCPPER an education hub
A. List of Projects
1. Knowledge Corridors & Innovation Districts (Brownfield)
Location: Bhubaneswar-Cuttack IT Corridor, Paradeep Maritime & Manufacturing
Corridor, Puri Heritage Zone, Agriculture Corridor, Medical District Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 54
The region has a concentration of HEIs and research infrastructure. The strategy
is to integrate these into five thematic knowledge corridors that link universities,
research centres, and industries into decentralised corridors & districts (Figure 7.8)
These corridors can be anchored by universities and industries working in the agri,
manufacturing, medical, IT, and tourism domains. The detailed mapping of corridors
with their tentative institutional anchors is provided in Annexure I- Table 20.1.
Expected Outcome:
• Integrated live-learn-work ecosystems.
• Stronger industry-academia linkages.
• Global visibility through diversified thematic zones.
2.1 A Global Edu-SEZ: Universities Without Borders (Greenfield)
Location: Bhubaneswar (500 acres, near IT corridor)
Establish “BCPPER International University City” inspired by Singapore & Iskandar.
Integration of global institutions through satellite campuses. A self-contained
academic and research city hosting international universities, R&D parks, innovation
labs, and shared facilities. High-density, mixed-use shared campus with student
housing & business districts.
Expected Outcome:
• Anchor Odisha as South Asia’s Education Hub.
• Attract international students, faculty & research investment.
• Enable globally benchmarked education and research ecosystems.
2.2 Science City (Layout in Figure 7.9)
Location: Bhubaneswar, integrated within the Edu-SEZ
Details:
Future-ready science city with immersive zones on AI, robotics, biotech,
sustainability, and space - planetarium, digital library, kids’ zone, green
engagement spaces.
Science City will act as a platform for companies to anchor and operate
immersive zones. Various firms can showcase technologies and run experiential
labs within the facility. The model combines public learning spaces with live
industry demonstration hubs.
Expected Outcome:
• Public engagement with STEM.
• Promote an innovation culture.
• Position Odisha as a knowledge-driven society.
3. Enabling Infrastructure for Education Hub
Location: Across BCPPER corridors & Edu-SEZ 55 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Details:
Mixed-use academic-urban zones with transit integration. Residential & lifestyle
facilities- student/faculty housing, international student villages. Culture &
recreation zones - entertainment districts, wellness & sports complexes. Mixed-
use academic-urban zones with transit integration. Residential & lifestyle facilities:
student/faculty housing, international student villages.
Expected Outcome:
• Enhance liveability and attractiveness for global students & faculty.
• Foster 24x7 learning & lifestyle ecosystem.
• Support retention & long-term community engagement.
Box 1: Future-Ready Skilling Projects for BCPPER
• Expand World Skill Centre in Bhubaneswar and develop a new skill centre
in Cuttack as a hub.
• Create sectoral skilling spokes across Paradeep, Puri, Khordha, and Cuttack
(for manufacturing, agri-tech, IT, health, tourism).
• Implement a tripartite governance model (Government–Industry–
Community) to ensure sustainability.
• Introduce a ‘Skill Passport’ system, conceptualised in line with MSDE’s
Skill India Digital framework to enable nationally recognised, portable
certification and a unified digital record of workforce competencies.
• Adopt a phased approach by Upgrading existing ITIs in phase 1; setting up
new centres and World Skill Centre in Cuttack in Phase 2.
Expected Impact: Position BCPPER as India’s largest hi-tech skilling hub, building an
industry-ready workforce for global markets and ensuring inclusive opportunities
across the region.
Figure 7.8: Map of proposed projects Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 56
Figure 7.9: Model of Science City
B. Policy Recommendations
1. Global University Integration Policy (Reference: NEP 2020, UGC Draft Foreign
Universities Regulations)
Focus Areas: Globalisation of higher education
• Allow foreign universities to set up campuses in Edu-SEZ with academic
and administrative autonomy; establish single-window clearances for global
partnerships.
• Provide tax-free R&D incentives and subsidies for global universities, EdTech
firms, and research institutes setting up in the Edu-SEZ.
• Offer scholarships, dual-degree pathways, and post-study work permits to attract
international students and faculty.
2. Skill Passport & Certification Reform (Reference: NSQF, National Skill Development
Policy 2015)
Focus Areas: Workforce skilling & mobility
As highlighted in Box 1: Future-Ready Skilling Projects for BCPPER, it is proposed
to establish a Skill Passport framework in collaboration with the Ministry of Skill
Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). The initiative will enable nationally
recognised and portable certification aligned with the National Skills Qualifications
Framework (NSQF)
28
, creating a unified digital record of worker competencies.
The Skill Passport will support inter-sectoral and inter-regional workforce mobility,
integrate industry-endorsed certification standards, and link with employer databases
to facilitate transparent hiring and recognition of prior learning.
Institutionalise a three-way governance structure where industry co-designs
curriculum, government certifies, and community mobilises learners.
28 NSQF, National Skill Development Policy 2015 57 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3. Urban Infrastructure Incentives for Education Hubs (Reference: TOD Policy)
Focus Areas: Campus & urban integration
Provide incentives for mixed-use zoning, student & faculty housing through a
service apartment, rentals, dormitories and transit-oriented development around
universities and corridors.
Figure 7.10: Tentative render of Edu SEZ city Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 58 59 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
8
Technology Sector
as a Growth Driver
for BCPPER Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 60
8.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The global IT sector is on a strong growth path, projected to expand from US$ 9
Tn in 2024 to over US$ 13 Tn by 2030
29
, powered by emerging technologies like
AI, cloud computing, and cybersecurity. Global Capability Centres (GCCs) have
become a defining feature of the globalisation effect of this ecosystem, with
more than 2,900 units across 70+ countries, valued at US$ 90 Bn in 2024 and
expected to reach US$ 130 Bn by 2027
30
.
India anchors this transformation by contributing 58%
31
of global sourcing and
nearly 45% of services exports. Domestically, the sector plays a significant role
as it accounts for 7.3% of GDP, employs 5.8 Mn professionals and continues to
expand its role as a global innovation hub
32
. A notable trend is the rise of Tier-2
cities, which already house 15% of the tech workforce and offer up to 30% cost
advantage, diversifying geographic spread of India’s IT sector from metro cities.
Odisha aligned itself with this momentum through a progressive IT Policy 2022,
which expanded Infocity and Infovalley, targeted 100,000 jobs, and committed
to training 10,000 professionals annually in emerging technologies. The state
also has a startup ecosystem comprising of over 2,200 firms and 35 incubators,
with a strong emphasis on women-led ventures and innovation in AI, blockchain
and cybersecurity.
BCPPER has established itself as a credible Tier-2 technology hub with a technology
landscape that combines a sizeable workforce, functional IT parks, and a growing
base of firms and incubators, alongside land earmarked for expansion (Figure
8.1). Together, these elements provide BCPPER a solid foundation to transform
itself into a competitive Tier-2 city technology hub.
Figure 8.1: Endowments of the IT sector in BCPPER
29 IDC, McKinsey Global IT Outlook (2023-24): McKinsey Global Institute
30 India GCC Trends report (2023): NASSCOM & Deloitte
31 Technology sector in India Strategic Review (2023): NASSCOM
32 Technology Industry Report (2023): NASSCOM 61 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Bhubaneswar performs competitively among Tier-2 cities such as Jaipur and
Lucknow in terms of number of STEM graduates and affordability, reflecting in
its talent base and social infrastructure (Figure 8.2).
However, while these cities have successfully attracted global GCC investments,
Bhubaneswar, despite having the necessary infrastructure, is yet to secure the
anchor institutions and visibility that would set it apart from its peers.
The snapshot given in Table 8.1 highlights both significant opportunities to
leverage and structural challenges to address.
Table 8.1: Opportunities and Challenges in the IT Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Rapidly growing global IT market is
predicted to increase from US $ 9 Tn
in 2024 to US $ 13 Tn by 2030, with
AI, Cloud, and Cybersecurity driving
demand.
• No GCCs in Odisha, despite India
hosting 1,750+ (45% of global
share).
33
• Rising role of tier-2 cities (15% of India’s
IT workforce, 30% cost advantage)
positions Bhubaneswar to attract the
next-wave of investments.
• Shortage of grade-A office
infrastructure and weak
international connectivity are
hindering investments global
firms.
• Expanding STEM talent base (30,000+
graduates annually; IIT, IIIT, NISER, KIIT)
provides a pipeline for ER&D, AI, and
MedTech.
• Low R&D intensity (<1% of
GDP) and limited academia–
industry collaboration constrain
innovation.
• Growing startup ecosystem (2,200+
ventures, 35 incubators, 42% women-
led)
34
offers a strong base for
accelerators and deep-tech.
• Access to venture funding and
scale accelerators remains thin
compared to other hubs.
• Opportunity to build AI-grade data
centres and GPU/server manufacturing
hubs aligned with India’s AI Mission and
semiconductor policy.
• Limited global visibility and
branding compared to peer Tier-
2 hubs (Lucknow, Indore, Kochi,
Visakhapatnam).
While BCPPER’s endowments are substantial, they remain insufficient to establish
global competitiveness on their own. The next step is to convert these strengths into
strategic advantages through targeted interventions. The following section outlines
the approach to reposition BCPPER as East India’s premier innovation hub.
8.2 Approach
BCPPER’s IT ecosystem is characterised by a strong talent pool, infrastructure,
IT parks and a budding startup ecosystem. However, the higher-value layers of
33 Annual Report 2023: Ministry of Electronics Information and Technology
34 Start up Dashboard (2023): Startup Odisha Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 62
the chain remain underdeveloped. Moving from a services-driven base to an
innovation-led hub will require targeted interventions that add the missing pieces
and integrate them with existing strengths.
These gaps are evident in the ecosystem, where foundational endowments must
be complemented by GCCs, AI-ready data centres, startup accelerators, and
innovation-driven sub-sectors (Figure 8.2). These interventions will enable the
region to climb the value chain and reposition itself as a leading technology hub.
Figure 8.2 Ecosystem of IT-led Innovation Hub
8.2.1 Strategic Pillars for
Transformation
(i) GCCs
GCCs have become
the backbone of
global innovation
and India remains
at the centre of this
ecosystem, hosting
1,750+ centres - over
45% of the world’s
total. They are no
longer cost-arbitrage
units but strategic hubs for R&D, AI, and cybersecurity. For BCPPER, the
absence of GCCs highlights a gap in capturing high-value IT functions.
Closing this gap is critical, especially as the GCC landscape is projected
to expand rapidly, driven by skilled talent, infrastructure, policy support,
and startup ecosystems (Figure 8.4). Building this pillar will be central
to position the region within global digital value chains.
Figure 8.3 GCC growth trajectory and the key enablers 63 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(ii) Data Centres & Digital Infrastructure
India despite producing nearly 20% of global data, houses only 3% of
global data centres. With AI driving exponential demand, robust data
infrastructure has become the foundation of digital competitiveness.
BCPPER possesses favourable conditions like land availability, power
reliability and geographic location to emerge as a data infrastructure
node for East India, provided this capacity is systematically developed
and supported by an enabling policy framework. Several leading
states including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka have
established dedicated Data Centre Policies with explicit capacity targets
and comprehensive incentive frameworks. These proactive measures
have enabled the creation of large installed capacities, ranging from
100 MW to over 700 MW, supported by robust policy and infrastructure
ecosystems.
Odisha, too, has notified a Data Centre Policy (2022); however, it
remains limited in scope, lacking defined capacity targets and detailed
fiscal incentives. To leverage BCPPER’s strong locational advantages
reliable power supply, land availability, and coastal connectivity it is
imperative to update and operationalise Odisha’s Data Centre Policy
with measurable targets, competitive incentives, and a dedicated
institutional mechanism to position the region as a data infrastructure
hub for East India. (Figure 8.4).
Figure 8.4 : Comparative analysis of state-wise incentives to attract investments in data centres
(Deloitte Analysis) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 64
(iii) GPU & Server Manufacturing
The surge in demand for high-performance computing has created
global shortages, with GPUs priced between US$30,000-50,000 per
unit
35
. Hardware capabilities from GPUs to servers are becoming critical
to sustaining AI adoption and cloud growth. BCPPER has the potential
to enter this value chain by aligning with India’s semiconductor and
computing missions, positioning itself in advanced digital manufacturing.
(iv) Innovation City and Startup Ecosystem
An integrated ecosystem that combines grade-A campuses, compute
infrastructure, Centres of Excellence, and startup accelerators can
serve as the nucleus of BCPPER’s technology journey. Odisha already
hosts more than 2,200 start-ups and 35 incubators
36
, but scaling them
into deep-tech ventures requires stronger infrastructure and access to
global capital. Innovation City proposed as a key initiative in this plan
represents the concept of bringing these elements together in one
flagship anchor, linked to distributed nodes across the region.
8.2.2 Integration with Regional Growth Drivers
BCPPER should work on developing a network of specialised anchors
across its districts, each aligned to local strengths and industries:
(i) Khordha (Innovation City, Data Centres, GPU hub): Hub for GCCs,
AI-grade data infra, and advanced GPU manufacturing.
(ii) Cuttack (HealthTech & MedTech): Leveraging AIIMS and SCB
Medical College for AI diagnostics, biomedical R&D, and MedTech
startups.
(iii) Jagatsinghpur-Khordha Corridor (Manufacturing Tech & Industry
4.0): Advanced manufacturing clusters integrating automation,
robotics, semiconductors, and server/hardware design.
(iv) Odisha’s Agricultural Belt (Agri-Tech & Food Systems): Precision
farming, AI-driven crop analytics, agri-robotics, and sustainable
food systems linked to regional research institutions.
(v) Paradeep (Maritime & Climate-Tech): Smart port logistics, mari-
time security, and climate-resilient technologies.
(vi) Puri (Digital Tourism & Creative Tech): Immersive tourism, AR/VR,
and cultural technology experiences.
This distributed ecosystem ensures that IT does not operate in isolation,
but becomes the digital backbone across the different growth drivers of
the region like manufacturing, logistics, agriculture, healthcare, tourism,
and creative industries.
35 IDC, 2023; Reuters, 2023
36 Startup Odisha Annual Report, 2023 65 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
By embedding these pillars within a distributed innovation ecosystem,
BCPPER can position itself as an innovation hub by 2047.
8.3 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Establish GCC Cluster and IT City
Location: Khordha (Innovation City, near Bhubaneswar airport & metro corridor)
Infrastructure Development: Build grade-A office campuses, plug-and-play IT
towers, and integrated housing/social infra.
Incentives: Dedicated incentive framework to attract Fortune 500 firms.
Innovation Hub: Co-locate GCCs, ER&D labs, and training centres for AI, Cloud, and
Cybersecurity.
Institutional Support: Form an SPV to drive land allocation, clearances, and PPP
partnerships with developers.
Value Addition:
• Attract 10+ GCCs in 5 years.
• Create high-value jobs and position Odisha on the global GCC map.
• Strengthen industry-academia linkages with IIT/IIIT/NISER.
2. Develop ER&D Focus Centres across BCPPER
Location: Paradeep (Maritime & Climate-Tech); Cuttack (MedTech); Khordha
(Cybersecurity & AI); Jagatsinghpur-Khordha Corridor (Manufacturing Tech &
Industry 4.0); Agricultural Belt (AgriTech & Food Systems).
Applied R&D Hubs: Establish sector-specific CoEs aligned with district strengths
Partnerships: Collaborate with IIT Bhubaneswar, IIIT, AIIMS, SCB Medical College,
agricultural universities, and industry leaders.
Facilities: Build simulation labs, testing facilities, and R&D clusters in MedTech
(diagnostics, biomedical devices), Manufacturing Tech (automation, robotics,
server/hardware design), Agri-Tech (precision farming), and Maritime-Tech (smart
port logistics).
Value Addition:
• Diversify IT beyond services into deep-tech and product innovation.
• Position BCPPER as a leader in medtech, agri-Tech, manufacturing tech, and
maritime-tech.
• Generate high-value IP, patents, and spillovers into healthcare, industry,
logistics, and agriculture. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 66
3. Establish AI Innovation City & Data Centre Corridor
Location: Khordha
Data Centres: Build AI-grade, green data centres with dual-grid power and
renewable integration.
AI Infrastructure: Create GPU-as-a-Service platforms for startups, GCCs, and
academia.
Urban Integration: Innovation City designed as a smart campus with research
parks, co-working spaces, and incubators.
Value Addition:
• Position BCPPER as East India’s AI and digital infra hub.
• Attract US$ 1-2 Bn investments by 2030.
• Enable local firms and startups to access advanced compute capacity.
4. Establish GPU & Server Manufacturing Hub
Location: Khordha
Hardware Manufacturing: Set up units for GPUs, servers, and high-performance
computing components.
R&D Partnership: Collaborate with CDAC and IIT Bhubaneswar for indigenous
hardware design.
Value Addition:
• Reduce import reliance for AI hardware.
• Create an advanced manufacturing niche for Odisha.
• Generate high-skill jobs in digital hardware and design.
5. Strengthen Startup Acceleration & Innovation Ecosystem
Location: Bhubaneswar (Innovation City), linked with 35 incubators across BCPPER
Acceleration Programs: Create sectoral accelerators in agri-tech, med-tech,
manufacturing tech, cybersecurity, and maritime-tech.
Funding Mechanisms: Launch a state-backed co-investment fund with global VC
partnerships.
Global Exposure: Host annual East India Tech Summit to attract investors, mentors,
and corporates.
Value Addition:
• Scale Odisha’s 2,200+ startups into globally competitive ventures.
• Integrate startups into the GCC and ER&D ecosystem.
• Position BCPPER as a regional startup hub with global linkages. 67 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 8.5: Locations of projects
B. Policy Recommendations
1. Dedicated GCC Policy
Focus Areas: High-value IT & GCCs
Provide incentives for GCCs across digital domains such as AI, cybersecurity, ER&D,
data analytics, and fintech, aligned with the broader IT Policy 2.0 framework.
Offer rental subsidies, payroll support, and fast-track approvals. Benchmark policy
framework on successful models from Karnataka, UP, and Gujarat. Offer rental
subsidies, payroll support, and fast-track approvals benchmark policy framework on
successful models from Karnataka, UP, and Gujarat.
2. Data Centre Policy
Focus Areas: Digital infrastructure & AI-readiness
• Extend capital and operation expenditure subsidies for AI-grade data centres.
• Ensure renewable integration, dual-grid reliability, and incentives for green
cooling.
• Position BCPPER as East India’s primary hub for hyperscale data centres.
3. IT Policy 2.0 (Next-Gen Focus)
Focus Areas: Emerging technologies & R&D
• Expand Odisha’s IT framework to cover AI, quantum, GPU-cloud, and
cybersecurity.
• Introduce patent reimbursements, R&D-linked incentives, and deep-tech skilling
initiatives.
• Align with India-AI Mission and national semiconductor roadmap to future-proof
the ecosystem. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 68 69 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
9
Real Estate
Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 70
9.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The Indian real estate sector is poised at an inflection point and is projected to
reach US$ 5.8 trillion by 2047
37
. Powered by structured investments, regulatory
reforms, urbanisation and rising income levels, it is expected to transcend the
social, economic, and environmental realms. Supported by an enabling policy
framework, the last decade witnessed the unlocking of real estate investment
opportunities.
Rapid urbanisation is leading to a surge in property demand, offering lucrative
real estate investment opportunities even in Tier I and II cities, which are shaping
up as major engines of real estate growth.
In Odisha, real estate is projected to play a pivotal role in driving economic
growth in the coming years, with its share in the service sector expected to
rise significantly. In FY 2023-24, real estate and professional services together
accounted for 16% of Odisha’s Services GSVA
38
. The sector is poised to become
a major driver of the service sector by 2047, with Bhubaneswar, in particular,
witnessing robust residential and infrastructure expansion, fueled by its growing
IT and industrial base.
Over the past five years, Bhubaneswar has seen a noticeable increase in real-
estate projects registered under the Odisha RERA, in particular from 2021
onwards. These projects span residential, mixed-use and plotted development
types, especially in expanding peripheral and newly developing localities
like Patrapada, Jharpada, Sundarpada, Khordha outskirts as well as under
development authority jurisdictions. The setting up of RERA has been a catalyst
that improved transparency for buyers with project details (promoter, timeline,
approvals) being more accessible, thereby reducing risk compared to earlier
unregulated launches. The city’s new supply is dominated by 3BHK and 4BHK
units, underscoring strong demand in the mid-range and luxury housing segment.
The development of major mega infrastructure projects is giving a further boost
to this trend.
Going beyond Bhubaneswar, the BCPPER as a whole offers significant advantages,
including a strong base of key industries such as IT/ITES, tourism, textiles, the
presence of world-class institutions, a skilled talent pool, favourable conditions
for economic development, and proactive growth-oriented policies driven by
multiple economic drivers.
37 India Real estate industry analysis (2025): Indian Brand Equity Foundation
38 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha 71 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 9.1 : Tentative location of upcoming real estate projects in BCPPER
As an education hub, the region generates demand for student housing, faculty
residences and institutional infrastructure. Its role as a manufacturing hub,
supported by industrial corridors, creates opportunities for industrial parks,
logistics facilities, and affordable worker housing. The expansion of IT/ITES is
spurring demand for modern office spaces, co-working hubs, and integrated
residential townships for professionals.
Tourism further strengthens real estate prospects, with rising requirements for
hotels, resorts, serviced apartments, and leisure infrastructure. Growth in textiles,
chemicals, and ports-led development is fueling demand for specialised industrial
clusters, warehousing, and residential clusters linked to trade activities. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 72
Beyond responding to sectoral needs, real estate acts as a catalyst, enabling
competitiveness, talent retention, and quality of life. In BCPPER, it will not only
benefit from but also accelerate growth across education, industry, services,
tourism, and other sectors.
In this context, the real estate sector in BCPPER holds a strategic position,
leveraging its inherent strengths and unique advantages, while also navigating
sector-specific challenges as mentioned in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1 : Opportunities and Challenges in the Real Estate Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• New planned or expanding urban/
suburban growth zones: Outside the
core city, but connected by good roads
or upcoming transit infrastructure.
• Strong demand for Affordable
Housing & Rental Housing: Rising
demand among migrant workers,
students, and young professionals for
affordable rentals or budget-friendly
apartments.
• Emphasis on New Smart/Green
Infrastructure: Projects that integrate
eco-friendly features (solar, water
management, open spaces) may
command premiums.
• Commercial & Mixed-Use
development: Demand for retail, co-
working, office spaces as BCPPER
expands as an education, IT/ITES,
health-care hub. Mixed-use projects
(residential + retail/office) can capture
multiple income streams.
• Planning Policy & Regulatory
Reforms: Single-window clearances
and incentive policies lower delays
and cost risk.
• Infrastructure Gaps in Peripheral
Areas: Lag in provision of basic
services: drainage, sewage, solid
waste, reliable water supply, and
public transport.
• Rental Market Weaknesses:
Low investor confidence in rental
yields limits the sector’s maturity.
• Dependence on a Few Growth
Drivers: Real estate demand is
heavily linked to government
jobs, education hubs, and IT/ITES
growth.
• Land Acquisition & Title Issues:
Problem relating to land titles,
encroachments, or pending
litigation.
• Natural Disaster Vulnerability:
Odisha’s exposure to cyclones and
floods poses risks to coastal and
peri-urban real estate.
• Over-Supply in Certain Segments:
Could lead to unsold inventories
and stressed projects, if demand
does not keep up with approvals.
9.2 The Approach: Connectivity Infrastructure-led Sustainable Real Estate Growth
in BCPPER
Potential demand for real estate in BCPPER is expected from improved
connectivity, demand from neighbouring regions, growth in manufacturing and 73 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
tertiary sectors, high-quality and aspirational Liveability goals, and the need for
developing satellite cities to decongest Bhubaneswar and Cuttack.
The proposed approach seeks to foster sustainable real estate growth by
leveraging connectivity infrastructure as a catalyst for urban development, with
the following focus areas:
(i) Creation of Sustainable Greenfield Townships with Integrated Mixed-
Use Development: Planning and developing new townships that combine
residential, commercial, institutional and recreational spaces in a cohesive
and well-organised manner. By prioritising infrastructure development, these
townships emerge in peripheral and surrounding areas, reducing pressure on
congested city cores. Such integrated hubs promote self-sufficient, livable
communities while enabling structured urban expansion that balances
growth with environmental, Liveability and social sustainability.
(ii) Decongestion of the Urban Areas: Redirecting development toward
strategically connected peripheral zones helps alleviate overcrowding in the
Central Business District and other congested urban areas. By synchronising
infrastructure investments with planned urban growth, this strategy ensures
improved mobility, efficient land use, and enhanced urban livability. It also
supports long-term economic vitality while maintaining environmental
balance, creating a more resilient and sustainable urban framework. The
Urban Challenge Fund (UCF) being implemented by Ministry of Housing &
Urban Affairs (MoHUA), can be leveraged for funding creative redevelopment
of Central Business Districts and historic cores of the cities.
9.3 Key Strategic Recommendations
BCPPER is projected to witness a significant surge in real estate demand, driven
by its emergence as a multi-sector growth hub. Over the next decade, the region
is expected to have:
(i) Demand for new housing units: Catering to the diverse housing needs
of professionals, industrial workers, students, and migrants, with a strong
demand for affordable options such as rental housing, workers’ housing or
dormitories, working women’s hostels, and student hostels.
(ii) 2-3 new planned satellite cities for Bhubaneswar: To ease pressure on
Bhubaneswar’s core and design as self-sufficient hubs with residential,
commercial, and institutional infrastructure.
(iii) New greenfield townships along outer ring road: Well-planned communities
with integrated amenities, ensuring sustainable urban expansion.
(iv) New premium hotel rooms: Rise of tourism, business travel, and cultural
events is expected to create demand.
(v) 50+ TOD developments with integrated land: Integrating residential,
commercial, and recreational spaces around metro and high-capacity transit
nodes. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 74
Figure 9.2 : Indicative location of proposed infrastructure generating real estate demand
9.4 Proposed Policy Interventions
To meet the expected demand and realise the potential growth of real estate as
the key growth driver in BCPPER, the Government of Odisha needs to enable
following critical policy interventions:
(i) Adoption of a Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Policy
The state should formulate and notify a TOD policy, drawing guidance from
the National Transit Oriented Development Policy issued by the MoHUA in
2017. The policy may be further customised to align with the specific needs
and requirements articulated in the economic vision for the region. 75 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
TOD policy will promote compact, mixed-use and pedestrian-friendly
development around major transit corridors. This approach supports higher-
density development rail, and bus rapid transit stations, thereby enhancing
accessibility, reducing congestion, and lowering carbon emissions. Within
the influence zone of the area around transit stations (e.g., 500-800 m),
allowable FAR can be raised to 1.5 - 2 times of the existing permissible FAR,
allowing mixed-use development.
To cater to the demand for affordable housing in the region, it is also
recommended that cities should earmark areas near TOD precincts exclusively
for affordable housing. Within the earmarked areas, the allowable FAR may
be increased beyond the existing permissible FAR as per requirements.
TOD will not only optimise land use but also facilitate a more efficient
distribution of growth in the region, especially around Bhubaneswar and
the planned satellite cities.
(ii) Adoption of a New Land Value Capture (LVC) Policy
It is recommended that the State adopt and notify a Land Value
Capture policy, drawing on the Value Capture Finance Policy, 2017
39
framework of MoHUA, to create dedicated revenue streams for urban
development.
The policy would enable the State to capture a share of the incremental
land and property values arising from public investments in infrastructure
projects such as roads, transit corridors, and industrial hubs.
While promoting commercial real estate and infrastructure, equal focus
needs to be given to affordable housing. To increase land availability for
this segment it is recommended that the State designate specific affordable
housing zones within city master plans, allocating at least 10% of all
residential land for this purpose.
By institutionalising Land Value Capture, the State can reduce its reliance
on conventional funding sources, ensure the fiscal sustainability of urban
expansion, and promote greater equity by redistributing part of the land
value gains for public benefit. The funds mobilised through this mechanism
can be strategically reinvested into strengthening infrastructure networks,
expanding the stock of affordable housing, and promoting planned urban
growth. This approach will help the State create resilient, inclusive and
future-ready cities.
39 Value Capture Finance (VCF) Policy (2017), MoHUA Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 76 77 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
10
Port-led Development
Support Port-led growth in
BCPPER: Unlocking Maritime
Potential Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 78
10.1 Sectoral Snapshot
Globally, seaborne trade is the backbone of international trade, carrying ~80% of
global merchandise by volume
40
and ~70% by value
41
. Cargo throughput stood at
12,000 MMT in 2022 and is projected to rise to 45,000 MMT by 2047, driven by
demand in Asia and Africa, reflecting the long-term resilience of sea trade
42
.
Despite the dominance of bulk cargo (about 75%), there is an evident shift in
cargo mix towards containerised trade, which is expected to rise from 25% in 2022
to 33% by 2047, driven by manufacturing, consumer demand, and e-commerce
43
.
Globally, following high performing ports present some of the best case studies:
●Singapore (Jurong Island SEZ): Integrated port-industrial hub generating
US$ 60 Bn exports and 100,000+ jobs.
●Rotterdam (Netherlands): 40% container traffic via inland waterways,
lowering logistics costs and carbon footprint.
●Shanghai & Shenzhen (China): Port–industrial complexes integrated with
global electronics and heavy manufacturing clusters.
Figure 10.1 Global top container ports by volume 2023 (Mn TEU*)
India manages around 12% of global cargo volumes, with a capacity of 2600-
2700 MTPA, but capacity utilisation stands at 55–60% across 12 major and 200+
minor ports . Indian ports handled 1617 MTPA Cargo in FY 2023-24. 85% of India’s
cargo is managed by 5 states (Gujarat 38%, Maharashtra 15%, Andhra Pradesh
13%, Odisha 12%, & Tamil Nadu 9%).
40 United Nations Conference On Trade And Development Review of Maritime Transport
41 Review of Maritime Transport (2022): United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
42 Maritime Transport Statistics Update (2023): UN Conference on Trade and Development
43 Maritime Transport Statistics Update (2023): UN Conference on Trade and Development 79 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 10.2: Major & minor ports of India
The port sector in India fares poorly on most of the factors when compared
to global leaders. There continues to be heavy dependence on bulk cargo with
limited containerisation that stands only at 25% as against 60–70% globally.
Logistics costs are high at 13–14% of GDP as against the OECD norms of ~8–
10%
44
with persistent inefficiencies in evacuation and container scarcity. Despite
substantial available capacity, inland water transport handles less than 10% of
freight, far below global peers.
Over the last decade, the policy landscape witnessed several far-reaching changes
with concerted initiatives towards developing the ports sector, including:
●Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047: Raising cargo capacity beyond 10,000+
MTPA, placing 4 Indian ports in the global top 20, 100% green & smart ports
and a strategic push for port-proximate industrialisation.
44 Logistic Performance Index (2019): OECD Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 80
●Sagarmala: Envisions modernisation of ports, connectivity enhancement, port-
led industrialisation, coastal shipping, inland transport, & coastal community
development.
●PM Gati Shakti: Integration of multimodal connectivity to ports.
Odisha has the eighth-longest coastline in India (480 km), encompassing 6
coastal districts, and contributes ~13% of India’s cargo throughput. The State
has one major port (Paradip) and two minor ports (Dhamra and Gopalpur),
with multiple greenfield ports under development.
Table 10.1: Port in Odisha
Paradip Port (Major Port) Dhamra Port (Adani)
Gopalpur Port
(Adani)
• Installed Capacity: 289 MTPA
• Throughput: 145.4 MMT (FY24)
• Utilisation: ~48%.
• Major Exports: Coal (thermal &
coking), fertilisers, iron ore;
• Major Imports: POL (petroleum, oil,
lubricants), machinery, chemicals
• Paradeep has 15 berths and 3
SPMs. The 15 berths comprise 3
mechanised berths, 7 general cargo
conventional berths, 2 oil jetty and
3 dedicated berths.
• Capacity - 45
MTPA
• Throughput: 42.6
MMT FY24
• Commodities:
Dry bulk cargo
(both thermal/
imported &
coking), iron ore,
limestone and
LNG (5MTPA)
• Capacity - 20
MTPA
• Throughput: 11.4
MMT FY24
• Commodities:
Dry bulk minerals
(iron ore,
limestone, coal)
& LNG (5MTPA
proposed)
Total exports from the state in FY24 totalled US$ 11.93 Bn, dominated by
engineering goods (59.7%), iron ore (21.3%) and petroleum products (7.9%)
45
.
Containerised cargo is negligible (<0.1% at Paradip). Despite a higher capacity
compared with its neighbouring ports like Vizag (82 MMT) and Haldia (67 MMT),
the performance of the Paradip port comparatively remains on the lower side.
BCPPER is envisaged to be an industrial and logistics hub, combining Paradip
port, planned greenfield sites (Astaranga, Baliharchandi and Mahanadi Riverine),
inland waterways (NW-64), and industrial projects like IOCL’s refinery and the
proposed Coastal Economic Zones (CEZs).
The region has good connectivity, including:
• Rail: 3000 km network, Paradeep linked to East Coast Railway, Cuttack–
Paradeep corridor & Proposed DFC.
• Road: NH-53, coastal highway (Bharatmala planned), PCPIR corridor.
• Air: Bhubaneswar airport; Puri & Paradeep airports proposed.
45 Odisha Trade Data FY 23-24 (2023): NIRYAT Portal 81 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Inland Water Transport: NW-64 (underutilised for freight movement) passes
through Cuttack & Jagatsinghpur.
• Link to Angul -Sambalpur Coal corridor, proximity to Mining & Steel plants.
• Presence of IOCL Refinery (15 MTPA, US $ 4 Bn), proposed JSW steel plant (13
MTPA, US $ 7 Bn Investment) near Paradip port.
Many new projects are already under implementation or at the planning stage,
including:
• Astaranga Port: Greenfield with scope for fisheries, tourism & manufacturing.
• Baliharchandi Port: Greenfield, with tourism and cruise potential.
• Mahanadi Riverine Port: IWT-based multi-cargo hub & upcoming shipbuilding
facility.
• Jatadhar Muhan captive jetty: Proposed JSW Steel Plant (52 MTPA).
Figure 10.3: Infrastructure inventory – existing vs. planned projects in BCPPER
Most of the planned projects are either delayed or not on track. The region, while
boasting of presence of a good ecosystem, presents several challenges that need
to be addressed, as brought out in Table 10.2. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 82
Table 10.2: Opportunities & Challenges in Port Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Strategic location & hinterland
reach: Ideal coastal position
for maritime trade (Vietnam,
Indonesia, Cambodia), connects
vast hinterland, major entry
points.
• Paradip port has a good draft (16.5
m deep), handles massive cargo
volume, & expansion potential up
to 500+ MTPA by 2047.
• Development of greenfield
ports (Astaranga, Baliharchandi,
Mahanadi Riverine).
• CEZs and FTWZs to attract
petrochemical, steel, electronics,
capital and engineering goods,
and marine industries clusters.
• Green transition via green
hydrogen hub at Paradeep, aligned
with Harit Sagar guidelines.
• Tourism potential through
cruise terminals in Puri and
Jagatsinghpur.
• Underutilisation of inland waterway: NW-
64 and NW-5 waterways underutilised
due to reliance on road/rail, requiring
de-siltation and lacking terminals, jetties,
and infrastructure for cargo & passenger
movement.
• Paradip port not leveraging its full
capacity potential: 48% of the total
capacity was utilised in 2022-23.
Containerisation <0.1% at Paradip as
against 60–70% globally
46
.
• Connectivity gaps: No airport in
Paradeep, congested freight lines, weak
last-mile links.
• Cyclone and flood exposure (OSDMA
Atlas 2023)
47
.
• Land acquisition delays for greenfield
projects (e.g., Astaranga, Baliharchandi).
• Higher tariffs than Vizag/Haldia ports
reducing competitiveness.
• Competition from Vizag, Dhamra,and
Haldia ports in container cargo.
10.2 Proposed Approach
Odisha’s coastal districts enjoy a strategic location along the Bay of Bengal,
offering direct access to ASEAN markets. Proximity to iron ore, bauxite, and coal
provides a significant cost advantage, while logistics costs are nearly 20% lower
than inland hubs. Compared to other states, Odisha offers lower land costs, shorter
hinterland connectivity (100–150 km vs. 300 km in Tamil Nadu), less congestion
than Maharashtra, and deeper ports than Haldia (6.5–8 m). Supported by the
Odisha Industrial Policy 2022 and the Sagarmala–PM Gati Shakti convergence,
the region is rapidly emerging as a competitive hub for port-led industrial growth.
To enable port-led development of BCPPER, a holistic plan that helps leverage
existing assets while recognising how ports, connectivity and manufacturing
reinforce each other is required. The approach rests on six mutually-reinforcing
pillars, viz.: (i) Port expansion and modernisation; (ii) Multimodal connectivity;
(iii) Port-proximate industrialisation; (iv) Green transition and resilience; (v)
Operations optimisation with increased digitalisation; and (vi) Governance,
46 Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 (2024): Ministry of Port, Shipping and Waterway
47 Cyclone Risk Atlas (2023): Odisha State Disaster Management Authority 83 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
finance and human capital. Further these interventions need to align with
Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 and Sagarmala objectives to scale capacity,
increase containerisation and enable port-led manufacturing as detailed below:
• Port Expansion and Modernisation: The capacity utilisation of the Paradip
port needs to be scaled up to 350 MTPA by 2030 and 500+ MTPA by 2047
through berth deepening, development of new berths, mechanisation, and
focus on container terminal development. The development of Greenfield ports
at Astaranga, Baliharchandi and the Mahanadi riverine should be expedited
with clearly differentiated roles - industrial and fisheries at Astaranga; tourism
and cruise at Baliharchandi; and promote the Mahanadi riverine port as an
inland waterway and shipbuilding hub. This differentiated approach will ensure
balanced regional development & reduce congestion at Paradip.
• Multimodal Connectivity: Prioritise last-mile freight corridors, Dedicated
Freight Corridor links, access-controlled coastal highway and a regional
air cargo node at Paradeep. Simultaneously, the revival of NW-64/NW-5
waterways must be prioritised. Establishing a regional airport at Paradeep
alongside the proposed Puri airport will enhance both trade and tourism
flows. The connectivity part is further detailed in the ‘Integrated Transport &
Logistics’ chapter.
• Port-Proximate Manufacturing and Logistics Clustering: Create CEZs and
FTWZs around Paradip, Astaranga and Baliharchandi, integrate MMLPs and
ICDs for freight aggregation, and adopt land-use plans that reserve contiguous
parcels for logistics, heavy industry and associated services. Industrial cluster
design must include utilities, effluent management and common facilities
to lower operating risk to attract petrochemicals, steel, seafood processing,
electronics, engineering, and capital goods.
• Green Transition and Resilience: Implement Harit Sagar Green Port guidelines,
including shore power, electrification of equipment and phased green-fuel
bunkering (green hydrogen, ammonia/methanol). Position Paradip as a Green
Hydrogen Hub offering bunkering for methanol and ammonia. Existing and
planned ports to be complemented by renewable power integration, cyclone-
resilient port design and ESIA (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment)
led livelihood plans for fisheries.
• Operations Optimisation with Increased Digitalisation: Reduce turnaround
time, improve efficiency and transparency by leveraging technology (establish
integrated command & control centres, use blockchain trade systems, etc.)
• Governance, Finance, and Skills: Strengthen Odisha Maritime Board and
establish a Regional Planning Industrial Development Authority for cross-
district project delivery; structure PPPs (DBFOT/BOOST) with targeted
viability gap funding for strategic greenfield works; mobilise concessional
climate finance for decarbonisation. Parallelly, set up a Maritime CoE for green
fuels, port automation and shipbuilding skills. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 84
It is further recommended that a phased approach be adopted, including:
(1) Short (0–5 yrs): Paradip port efficiency drive (dredging, mechanisation),
NW-64 pilot, FTWZ/ICD site selection, ICCC pilot, tariff rationalisation and
PPP procurement, start of Astaranga/Baliharchandi/Mahanadi riverine/
Jatadhar Muhan jetty works
(2) Medium (5–10 yrs): Complete Paradip expansion phases, Paradip container
berth development, domestic trans-shipment hub, operationalise Astaranga/
Baliharchandi, build Paradeep regional airport, DFC link completion, green-
hydrogen pilot plant and MMLPs online
(3) Long (10–20 yrs): Paradip port 500+ MTPA, full CEZ operations, Astaranga
container berth development, mature green-bunkering export hub, modal
shift to IWT, full multimodal integration with ASEAN, with continuous tech
upgrades.
10.3 Proposed Projects and Policy Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Develop FTWZs
Location: Paradip, Astaranga & Bhubaneswar
• Logistics & Warehousing: Automated high-rack warehouses, bonded storage,
temperature-controlled zones
• Customs & Trade: On-site Customs Clearance Facility (CCF), EDI/ICEGATE
systems, single-window export desks
• Transport Integration: Dedicated Road to ports, truck terminals, container freight
stations
• Utilities: 24x7 power supply, telecom & internet, RFID and GPS tracking, drone
surveillance
• Establish airport near Paradeep port for cargo movement
2. Develop ICDs
Location: Paradip, Bhubaneswar, Astaranga Port
• ICDs will serve as central hubs for aggregating freight
• Logistics container handling yard for loaded/empty containers, on-site customs
station, bonded warehousing, truck parking and entry/exit bays, temperature-
controlled and bonded warehouses 85 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3. Establish Logistic Park
Location: Astaranga port Puri & DFC junction Khordha
• In line with Odisha Logistics Policy 2022 to develop Multi-Modal Logistics Park to
ensure seamless first-mile and last-mile cargo handling
• Proximity to Paradip Port, Gopalpur port, will serve nearby CEZs and industrial
zones, facilitating bulk movement of goods to inland
• MoRTH & IDCO has already proposed MMLPs near Paradeep port there needs to
be a Logistics Park to support the port based activities
• Integrated transportation facilities (rail and road connectivity, container handling),
warehousing and storage, business support services, etc.
4. Expansion of Container Capacity at Paradip Port and Development of Container
Terminal at Astaranga
Building on the proposed 2 lakh TEU container terminal at Paradip, the project
envisions a Phase-II expansion to 1 million TEU with integrated logistics infrastructure—
including CFSs, multimodal road–rail connectivity to ICDs, and port-proximate
warehousing. Based on feasibility, an additional 1 million TEU container terminal
may be developed at the upcoming Astaranga Port or through further expansion
at Paradip. Together, these initiatives will enhance Odisha’s competitiveness against
Vizag & Haldia, while capturing Nepal-bound and hinterland (Chhattisgarh, Bihar,
West Bengal, Northeast) container traffic.
5. Leading Ship Building & Repair Hub
Location: Mahanadi riverine port in Kendrapara & Jagatsinghpur
• Proposed Odisha shipyard to be developed into a state-of-the-art facility for
large and short-sea vessels.
• The proposed shipbuilding hub may include establishing a Design and Innovation
Centre for green vessel technology, a Skill Development Academy under Skill
Odisha, and adoption of green shipbuilding practices with renewable energy and
international standards.
• It should also promote ancillary manufacturing units for engines and navigation
systems, along with financial incentives and export facilitation mechanisms to
attract private and global investments.
6. E-Methanol & Green Hydrogen Hub
Location: Paradip port & Astaranga
• MoPSW aims to establish Green Ammonia bunkers and refueling facilities at all
Major Ports by 2035.
• Current Facilities: Proposal of green hydrogen plant at Paradeep port.
• Supporting Infrastructure: Green methanol and ammonia bunkering and refueling
facilities.
7. Develop National Waterways NW-64 & NW-5 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 86
Focus on desilting, dredging, and terminal development with fiscal incentives to
promote inland water transport and link Odisha’s industrial hubs with Paradip and
Dhamra ports.
8. Development of Port Proximate Manufacturing Clusters with a Focus on Rare
Earth Metals
Leveraging Odisha’s rich beach sand mineral reserves and Paradip’s port
connectivity, the project proposes a rare earth processing and manufacturing cluster
to support critical mineral value chains for EVs, clean energy, and defence sectors—
complementing existing facilities at Gopalpur.
9. Follow Green Port Initiatives
• Electrification of Port equipments.
• Port crafts: Ports shall make efforts to retrofit port crafts (including tugs, pilot
boats, mooring boats, survey boats etc.) with available technology for propulsion
on cleaner and greener fuel in phased manner.
10. Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC)
Location: Astaranga, Mahanadi riverine & Baliharchandi Port
• In line with Odisha Port Policy for Technology Enablement for monitoring of port
operations, cargo flows, traffic management, and logistics hubs (FTWZs, ICDs,
MMLPs).
• To better manage the movement of cargo containers and other freight and reduce
the number of physical checks, induce transparency, ICCC allows predictive
analytics, faster response to disruptions, and optimised cargo routing.
• Based on hub & spoke model, the ICCC will be established at the state level and
connected with smaller control centres.
B. Policy Interventions
1. Containerisation Drive
Incentivise container liners through tariff rationalisation and faster clearances.
Develop ICDs and FTWZs to strengthen multimodal connectivity in line with the
National Logistics Policy (2022).
2. Providing Incentivise to Investors
Offer fiscal benefits for port-linked industries and logistics parks. Align incentives
with Odisha Industrial Policy 2022 and SagarMala objectives to attract anchor
investors in ship repair, cold chains, and coastal logistics.
3. Green Transition
Implement the Harit Sagar Guidelines 2023, promoting shore power, waste recycling,
and energy-efficient operations. Develop bunkering and retrofitting facilities for
green fuels (LNG, hydrogen, biofuels) to align with Maritime India Vision 2047.
4. Berthing Policy 87 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Formulate a transparent berthing policy specifying vessel prioritisation, turnaround
time norms, and performance-linked incentives. Align with the Major Port Authorities
Act (2021) to enhance efficiency and ensure uniformity across all regional ports.
5. Strenghening Governance
Empower Odisha Maritime Board for integrated port management. Establish Regional
Port & Industrial Development Authority (RPIDA) for coordinated port–industrial
development.
6. One Time Settlement Scheme
Introduce OTS to resolve long-pending dues and disputes. Model the scheme on the
Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) guidelines to improve financial
health & investor confidence.
7. Skill Development
Launch a Port and Logistics Skill Hub in collaboration with state universities and
maritime institutes to build a trained workforce for emerging port sectors.
8. Digital Port Ecosystem
Adopt Port Community System 2.0 (PCS) for end-to-end digitalisation of port
operations, documentation, and cargo tracking aligned with the National Maritime
Single Window initiative.
Figure 10.4: Location of key projects across BCPPER Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 88 89 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
11
Integrated
Transport &
Logistics Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 90
11.1 Sectoral Snapshot
India currently is a mid-sized player in the global logistics sector. Improving
efficiency and reducing costs from approximately 14% of the GDP to 8-10% will
bring India closer to the standards of the developed countries. The national vision
aims at achieving a balanced modal balance by increasing the share of railways in
freight traffic to 45% by 2050
48
.
In Odisha, roads dominate freight transport, and shifting a greater share to rail
and waterways is the key to achieving a better modal balance. While the state
has a substantial network of waterways, they are currently underutilised, and its
air connectivity is limited due to low intra and inter-state flight connectivity, as
highlighted in the Odisha Vision 2047.
For the BCPPER, this sector offers huge potential to drive inclusive development.
Expanding highways and freight corridors, modernising rail, ports, and airports,
and strengthening urban transit can open new opportunities for businesses
and communities alike. By building a modern, multimodal network, BCPPER
can ensure faster, cheaper, and greener connectivity laying the foundation for
balanced and sustainable growth.
While BCPPER already has a good connectivity network including many new
mega projects either under implementation or at the planning stage, it faces
distinct challenges. Its existing road network requires improvement, particularly
along the coastal belt, and urban public transport is limited, with only an 8% mode
share in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack region
49
. However, the region benefits from
its strategic location, with close proximity to Paradip port, upcoming non-major
ports, airports, and industrial hubs. With its multimodal potential, the region can
leverage upcoming ports, highways and new rail links, to significantly enhance
connectivity. This will help reduce logistics costs, decongest urban centres, boost
tourism and manufacturing and strengthen exports in alignment with the Odisha
Vision 2047. To leverage the opportunities the State needs to address several
challenges brought out in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1: Opportunities and Challenges: Transport & Logistics Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Strategic Location Advantage:
Proximity to Paradip port,
upcoming non-major ports,
Bhubaneswar airport, and
industrial hubs positions the
region as a multimodal logistics
gateway for eastern India.
• Road Connectivity: The region continues
to face significant challenges in road
infrastructure and connectivity. In
particular, the region lacks access to high-
quality road networks, and the coastal
belt remains poorly connected.
48 National Rail Plan for India 2030 (2022): Ministry of Railway
49 Comprehensive Action Plan for Clean Air(2021): Cuttack. Air Quality Monitoring Committee, Odisha 91 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Rail Capacity Expansion: DFC
and new strategic rail links will
ease congestion on passenger
lines, reduce logistics costs, and
provide direct port-to-hinterland
connectivity.
• Urban Mobility Improvements:
Mass public transit project
and scaling up of bus fleet will
improve regional mobility and
reduce dependence on private
vehicles.
• Investment Attraction: Odisha
Vision 2047 and maritime policy
emphasise logistics parks, coastal
highways, and smart transport
infrastructure, creating space for
public-private partnerships and
green mobility innovations.
• Rail Congestion: Freight and passenger
trains share the same rail lines, leading to
significant congestion and delays.
• Limited Air Connectivity: The region has
inadequate air connectivity to support
both existing and upcoming ports,
restricting efficient cargo movement and
overall regional development.
• Need to Augment Urban Transport:
Urban public transport systems remain
inadequate, unable to meet the demands
of growing populations and expanding
economies.
• Limited Port Connectivity: Direct freight
connectivity to ports remains inadequate,
constraining efficient movement of
goods and impacting export-oriented
manufacturing.
11.2 Key Goals for making BCPPER a Multimodal Transport Hub
The Economic Plan identifies the following three overarching goals (Figure 11.1)
for developing the connectivity and logistics sector of the region.
Figure 11.1: Key goals for making BCPPER a multimodal transport hub
Meeting the above goals would require planning for a comprehensive multimodal
transportation system that supports the growth strategy by enhancing capacity
and efficiency in the movement of goods, services, and people of BCPPER. The Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 92
Plan outlines a four-pronged approach to establish the region as a multimodal
hub, which focuses on expanding road and rail networks, developing new airports,
strengthening inland waterways, and establishing MMLPs. In addition, the strategy
proposes a focus on urban transport with planned bus augmentation and regional
rail transit, and TOD to support the overall goal of improved connectivity and
economic growth.
(i) Expand and Improve Road Network
Ports, industrial hubs and heritage sites rely on seamless access to markets
and people, yet existing infrastructure remains inadequate. The Economic
Plan proposes to expedite the ongoing and planned projects, including
the coastal road, as well as the inner, outer and capital region ring road.
Building these corridors is essential not only for trade and logistics but also
for boosting tourism, attracting investment, and ensuring balanced regional
growth.
Figure 11.2: Road connectivity - planned and proposed
In addition to the above, the following new projects are proposed to improve
road connectivity:
• Develop direct road connectivity from Bhubaneswar airport to Paradeep,
a new four-lane road connecting Paradeep directly with Bhubaneswar to
reduce travel distance and improve logistics efficiency.
• Upgrade the Pipli to Konark highway to enhance safety, cut travel time,
and strengthen access to the UNESCO World Heritage Site Konark Sun
Temple, supporting tourism and local economies.
• Develop the Phulnakhra - Astaranga port corridor to enable efficient
freight movement, support upcoming port operations and foster
industrial growth. 93 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Four-Lane Cuttack (Tangi) to Chandabali to link inter-district routes
with coastal districts Kendrapada and Bhadrak via Cuttack and enhance
connectivity to northern Odisha’s industrial and port regions, reduce
congestion, and improve the efficiency of cargo and passenger transport.
(ii) Accelerate Rail Upgradation Projects
Upgrading the rail network is essential to improve modal balance, which
is presently skewed towards road travel, and to reduce congestion on
corridors that currently carry both passenger and freight traffic. To
strengthen capacity and improve efficiency, it is proposed to give priority
to expediting the following projects, which are either under implementation
or at a planning stage:
• Orbital Corridor for Golden Triangle of Odisha: Puri – Konark –
Bhubaneswar:
- New rail link from Puri to Konark, enhancing connectivity to a key
heritage destination.
- Konark to Bhubaneswar via Gopa & Nimapada, for improving regional
mobility and supporting tourism and local development.
• Rail line parallel to 6-Lane Access-Controlled Greenfield Capital Region
Ring Road (Bhubaneswar Bypass) from Rameshwar to Tangi:
- Rajathgarh (Cuttack District) to Kaipadar Road (Khordha District),
to ensure seamless movement of south bound freight trains from
Talcher-Sambalpur area providing an alternate route to congested
passenger route of Cuttack- Bhubaneswar- Khurda Road
50
.
• East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor (Kharagpur–Vijayawada, 1,080
km), which will pass through West Bengal, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
It is vital for transforming India’s rail and logistics system by eliminating
the inefficiencies caused by freight and passenger trains sharing the
same tracks.
• Third and fourth lines along the Haridaspur-Vizianagaram and Cuttack–
Paradeep corridors.
• New Line between Angul and Nayagarh Town for connecting hinterland
and unserved areas of Cuttack District (Narsinghpur-Baramba) and
facilitating freight movement for coal and power plants.
In addition to the above, the following new projects are proposed to further
strengthen rail connectivity to ports.
• Coastal rail corridor connecting Paradeep with Puri (via planned Konark
rail link) and upcoming non-major ports at Astaranga, Baliharchandi and
Jatadhar Muhan captive jetty.
• A spur line linking Paradip port to the planned East Coast DFC is proposed
for establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection and improving
port–hinterland linkages.
50 Final location survey (FLS) sanctioned Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 94
• Paradeep - Talcher - Jharsuguda Dedicated Freight Corridor for
establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection and improving
port–hinterland linkages for coal fields, power plants & steel sector.
Figure 11.3: Rail connectivity - planned and proposed
Together, these projects will expand rail capacity, decongest passenger lines,
and create seamless multimodal connectivity. The proposed coastal rail corridor,
in particular, will improve access to ports, coastal tourism hubs, integrate the
coastal belt with the national rail network, enhance cargo movement, and
stimulate trade, tourism, and regional development. A feasibility study should be
undertaken to evaluate coastal rail alignment, costs, and environmental aspects,
ensuring sustainable and time-bound implementation of this important initiative.
In subsequent phases, the corridor can be extended to connect other key and
emerging ports, including Dhamra, Subarnarekha and Gopalpur, as well as the
other upcoming non-major ports in the State.
(iii) Build New Airports, MMLPs and Associated Infrastructure for Inland
Waterway
Building new airports, MMLPs and associated infrastructure for inland
waterways is essential to enhance multimodal connectivity, boost trade,
and support economic growth in BCPPER.
(a) Air Connectivity: BCPPER is currently served solely by the Biju Patnaik
International Airport in Bhubaneswar. Expanding air connectivity is
vital to boost tourism, industry, and trade. To improve air connectivity,
the implementation of the airport at Puri (to serve global pilgrimage
and tourism flows) needs to be expedited, and a new airport to be
developed at Paradeep that would help strengthen port connectivity
for both cargo and business travel. Presently, Paradip port, one of India’s
major ports, is served by Bhubaneswar Airport, which is approximately 95 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
115 km away. The absence of an airport in Paradeep limits the potential
for handling low-volume, high-value cargo efficiently. Establishing an
airport or dedicated air cargo facility near Paradeep could significantly
enhance logistics capabilities.
In addition, the Economic Plan also proposes adopting cost-effective
infrastructure solutions to further strengthen air connectivity by
investing in the development of small airstrips with mobile ATC towers
and small prefabricated terminal buildings, ensuring rapid deployment
at lower capital cost. Proposed locations for these air strips include
the upcoming Astaranga Port, Konark, and Satkosia Tiger Reserve
to support regional connectivity, tourism, and logistics. In addition,
the development of helipads at Chilika Lake (Satpara and Barkul),
Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Chaudwar Industrial Area, Jagatsinghpur, and
Siali Beach can significantly improve last-mile access to key tourism,
industrial and coastal destinations.
The proposed location of these projects is given in Figure 11.4.
Figure 11.4 : Air connectivity planned and proposed
(b) Inland Waterway: National Waterway 64 (NW-64) passes through the
BCPPER (Figure 11.5), connecting Paradeep to Cuttack, offering an
opportunity to reduce logistics costs and balance the modal share of
freight by shifting traffic from other transport modes, thereby reducing
congestion. There is a need to accelerate the development of inland
waterways and associated infrastructure to boost logistics efficiency,
tourism, and trade in the region. The implementation of the inland
waterway terminal at Cuttack which is already part of existing plans Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 96
needs to be expedited. This project coupled with fairway development
along the Marsaghai-Cuttack stretch (including dredging and barrage
lock facilities) and modern navigation and safety infrastructure (traffic
management systems, collision avoidance, hydrographic surveys,
buoys, radar, and emergency response), would ensure safe, efficient,
and reliable year-round cargo and passenger movement along NW-
64
51
.
Figure 11.5: MMLPs and inland waterway (NW-64)
(c) MMLP: Developing MMLPs in the BCPPER is critical to enable seamless
multimodal connectivity, reduce logistics costs, and strengthen
warehousing and cargo handling infrastructure for ports, industry and
trade. Following interventions are proposed in this regard:
• Expedite the development of the 165-acre MMLP at Balipari-
Badabandha, Jagatsinghpur, to resolve the shortage of rail freight
terminals and meet the increasing cargo demand in Paradeep
52
. The
proposed MMLP will support the current industrial development,
but if the Economic Plan is executed as per proposed, an MMLP in
the proposed industrial area would be more suitable.
• Development of a 200-acre MMLP in Khordha district (near
Bhubaneswar) at the intersection of the planned DFC, proposed
industrial belt, and planned Bhubaneswar’s ring roads to serve as
a central logistics hub integrating road, rail, and inland waterways,
51 Masterplan for Integrated Logistics Corridor in Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara districts (Draft)
52 Masterplan for Integrated Logistics Corridor in Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara districts (draft) 97 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
with advanced warehousing, container handling, and value-added
services (Figure 11.5).
(iv) Urban Transport: The public transport system of BCPPER is predominantly
structured around bus-based services, with the Capital Region Urban
Transport or CRUT, Bhubaneswar (Ama Bus) operating a fleet of 415 buses
across the Khordha, Cuttack, and Puri districts. OSRTC supplements the
network with an additional 150 buses
53
. However, the current fleet size remains
inadequate when assessed against the national benchmark for the number
of buses per lakh population given by MoHUA. This shortfall underscores a
critical gap in service provision, necessitating augmentation of the fleet and
complementary measures to strengthen overall system capacity, integration
with other modes, and long-term sustainability of regional mobility. The
bus services need to be strengthened and supplemented by other modes,
and institutional changes undertaken for better planning. The following
interventions are proposed:
(a) Strengthen Bus Services:
• Fleet Expansion and Network Optimisation: Introduce 3,400 new
electric buses and establish 34 depots by 2034, while expanding
operations to additional cities to address growing mobility demands.
In addition to deployment of additional buses in existing, new, and
underserved areas the routes need to be redesigned to align them
emerging metro corridors.
• Mandate of CRUT: Extend operational responsibilities of CRUT
across the BCPPER, leveraging its capacity and experience to
manage all intra-regional bus services across Bhubaneswar, Cuttack,
Puri, and Jagatsinghpur.
• Bus Priority Measures: Implement dedicated lanes and signal
priority to enhance speed and reliability on congested routes.
• Multimodal Integration and Infrastructure Readiness: Integrate
buses and railway stations. Improve quality of infrastructure in
terms of accessing, waiting, and boarding buses. Develop new
depots and terminals, charging infra and digitalisation.
• Integrated Public and Private Bus Services: Onboard private bus
operators operating within the region and develop a comprehensive,
integrated map of both public and private bus services. Based on
this, an integrated service plan should be prepared to effectively
address the region’s mobility needs.
(b) Establishment of a Single Regional Transport Authority: Create
a unified Regional Transport Authority to ensure holistic planning,
regulation, and integration of all transport modes across BCPPER.
(c) Regional Rail: With the projected rise in population across the
region, the feasibility for introducing a regional rail service along the
Bhubaneswar–Puri corridor strengthens considerably. In conjunction
53 NITI Aayog survey Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 98
with other transit modes, regional rail will play a critical role in enhancing
mobility, decongesting existing road networks, and improving regional
connectivity. A 60 km rail-based mass transit system between
Bhubaneswar and Puri may be developed to enable seamless regional
mobility and catalyse religious and heritage tourism (Figure 11.6). A
detailed feasibility study should be undertaken to determine the most
suitable technology option—between a Regional Rapid Transit System
(RRTS), similar to the operational Delhi–Meerut “Namo Bharat” corridor,
or a Suburban Rail System, as implemented by K-RIDE in Bengaluru,
Karnataka.
Built Area Water Body Forest & Wetland
Bhubaneshwar – Puri Regional
Rail
Planned Infrastructure
Proposed Infrastructure
Airport
Figure 11.6: High-capacity transit corridor
(d) Transit-Oriented Development or TOD: To enable sustainable urban 99 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
growth and improve liveability, there is a need for transit-oriented
growth of both residential and employment-generating activities
in regional geographies that are centred upon high-capacity transit
station areas. Therefore, some of the needs, gaps, and opportunities are
linked to the planned expansion of an integrated high-capacity transit
network enabling integrated urban growth, improved accessibility, and
enhanced land-use efficiency around key transit nodes.
11.3 Proposed Interventions for Integrated Transport and Logistics in BCPPER
A. List of Projects
1. Road Connectivity
(i) Four-Lane Bhubaneswar to Paradeep (via Jagatsinghpur) - Greenfield - 75 km
• Paradeep Port does not have a direct road link to Bhubaneswar Airport.
• Currently, it is connected to Bhubaneswar via Cuttack through a two-lane National
Highway (114 km).
• Establishing a direct road connection between Bhubaneswar and Paradip Port
could reduce the travel distance by 25 to 30 km.
(ii) Four-Lane Pipli - Konark Highway (Upgradation or Greenfield) – 41 km
• Currently a two-lane road, the route faces safety issues, and may face limited
capacity in the future.
• For providing seamless connectivity to the Konark Sun Temple (UNESCO World
Heritage Site).
• Reduce travel time, improve safety, support tourism growth, and boost local
economic activity along the corridor.
• Handle future growth in tourist and vehicular traffic with better road capacity
and infrastructure.
(iii) Four-Lane Phulnakhra to Astaranga Port (Phulnakhra to Naili - Upgradation &
Naili to Astaranga - Greenfield) – 40 km
• The existing Phulnakhra – Astaranga route is primarily a two-lane undivided road,
with limited capacity and inadequate infrastructure to support future heavy
freight movement.
• For improving road safety and reducing travel time, handle projected freight
volume efficiently, support timely port construction and future operations and
promote future industrial and economic activity along the corridor.
(iv) Four-Lane Cuttack (Tangi) to Chandabali (Greenfield) – 83.8 km Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 100
• A Greenfield four-lane corridor is proposed to link inter-district routes with
coastal districts Kendrapada and Bhadrak via Cuttack.
• Will enhance travel speed, reduce congestion, and shorten travel time.
• For freight, it will enable efficient cargo movement, optimise routes, lower costs,
and improve regional competitiveness.
• Approximately 28 km out of 84 km will be inside BCPPER.
2. Rail Connectivity
(i) Coastal Rail Corridor connecting Paradeep to Konark (linking Paradeep with Puri
and upcoming non-major ports at Astaranga, Baliharchandi, and Jatadhar Muhan
captive jetty) – Greenfield – 70 km*
54
.
• The proposed Coastal Rail Corridor aims to connect Paradeep with Konark, linking
key destinations including Puri and upcoming non-major ports at Astaranga,
Baliharchandi, and Jatadhar Muhan.
• This corridor will enhance access to coastal tourism hubs, promote balanced
regional development by providing efficient inter-port connectivity, support
cargo movement, and strengthen regional trade and logistics.
(ii) Spur Line from Planned East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) to Paradip
Port – 80 km*
• For establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection between Paradip Port and
the national DFC network, improving port–hinterland linkages.
• Enables faster and more efficient cargo evacuation, reducing turnaround time and
logistics costs for industries.
• Decongests existing rail corridors currently shared with passenger traffic, improving
reliability, capacity and supporting industrial growth and trade expansion in the region.
(iii) Rail Connectivity Links for Planned Jatadhar Muhan Captive Jetty, Astaranga
and Baliharchandani Ports.
For integrating these ports into the regional and national rail network, improving
access to markets and hinterland industries.
(iv) Paradeep - Talcher - Jharsuguda Dedicated Freight Corridor
For establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection and improving port–
hinterland linkages for coal fields, power plants & steel sector.
3. Air Connectivity
Air Fields
(i) Astaranga
54 *Subject to alignment and feasibility 101 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Proposed to support the upcoming port and industrial developments in the region.
• It will improve regional connectivity, facilitate business travel, and enable quicker
logistics support for port operations.
(ii) Konark
• For enhancing access to the UNESCO World Heritage Site and nearby cultural
destinations.
• Improved air connectivity will boost pilgrimage and heritage tourism, reducing
travel time for both domestic and international visitors.
(iii) Satkosia Tiger Reserve
• Aimed at promoting eco-tourism in one of Odisha’s most scenic wildlife areas.
• It will also improve accessibility for forest management, research teams, and
emergency services in this remote location.
Helipads
(i) Chillika Lake, Satpara
To improve last-mile connectivity to Chilika Lake’s western entry point, making it
easier for tourists to access the lake and supporting eco-tourism initiatives.
(ii) Chillika Lake, Barkul
• Planned to strengthen access to the lake’s eastern gateway.
• It will support tourism, quick transfers, and administrative movement in the
region.
(iii) Satkosia Tiger Reserve
Proposed to enhance accessibility for tourists and provide critical support for forest
patrols, disaster response, and medical emergencies.
(iv) Chaudwar Industrial
To support rapid business connectivity, cargo movement, and emergency services
for industries located in and around Chaudwar.
(v) Jagatsinghpur
For improving regional connectivity, particularly for administrative operations and
industrial development activities in this growing economic hub.
(vi) Siali Beach
• Proposed to boost coastal tourism by improving access to an emerging beachfront
destination.
• It will help attract high-value tourism and improve emergency response
capabilities. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 102
4. Multimodal Logistic Park
(i) 200-acre MMLP at Khorda
• Proposed in Khorda district (near Bhubaneswar) at the intersection of the
planned DFC, proposed industrial belt, and planned Bhubaneswar’s ring roads.
• It will serve as a central logistics hub integrating road, rail, and inland waterways,
with advanced warehousing, container handling, and value-added services.
5. Urban Transport
(i) Augmentation of Bus Services and Associated Infrastructure
• Strengthening public transport through expanded and modernised bus services
is essential to improve regional mobility, reduce congestion, and offer affordable
travel options.
• This includes deploying an additional 3400 buses, introducing modern fleets,
developing bus terminals and 34 depots, and improving passenger amenities.
(ii) Regional Mass Transit from Bhubaneswar to Cuttack
• Developing a high-capacity regional mass transit system between Bhubaneswar
and Cuttack is crucial to ease traffic congestion, reduce travel time, and support
transit-oriented urban growth.
• A reliable and efficient transit corridor will enhance daily commuting, improve
regional integration, and promote sustainable mobility, benefiting both cities and
surrounding economic zones.
B. Policy Interventions
1. Policy related to Transit-Oriented Development
(i) State TOD Policy
TOD Policy provides a framework to promote compact, mixed-use development
around high-capacity transit nodes, such as metro stations, railway stations, and
major bus terminals. Key objectives include increasing public transport ridership,
optimising land use around transit hubs, reducing dependency on private vehicles,
improving last-mile connectivity, and fostering economic development through
commercial, residential, and recreational projects near transit corridors. This should
be inlines with national transit oriented development policy 2017.
2. Policy related to Regulating High Cost of Road Freight Transportation
Issue: Road transport unions are charging INR 6.50–6.60 per NTKM
for freight movement, which is significantly higher than the national
average of INR 3.20–3.50. per NTKM
55
. This elevated cost creates a major
challenge for captive road users, particularly small and medium industries,
leading to reduced competitiveness and higher logistics expenses.
55 Masterplan for Integrated Logistics Corridor in Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara districts (Draft) 103 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Details:
Formulate and implement a Road Freight Pricing Regulation Policy to rationalise and
standardise freight transportation charges for trucks. The policy should promote fair
pricing, transparency, and competitive logistics practices, ensuring affordability for
industries while maintaining sustainability for transport operators.
Projects at a Glance
Figure 11.7 Integrated Transport & Logistics Projects Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 104 105 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
12
Manufacturing
Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 106
12.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The manufacturing sector functions through a complex value chain that often
transcends national boundaries, includes raw material sourcing, processing and
component production, final assembly, logistics, distribution, sales, aftermarket
and end-of-life services.
India, despite being the fifth-largest global leader in manufacturing, has a
marginal share of 2.9% of the global market (US$ 461 Bn) in 2022, compared to
China’s US$ 4,663 Bn (31.6%)
56
. Notably, India’s manufacturing sector recorded
an average growth rate of 6.5% between 2012 and 2023, outpacing the global
average of 3.5%
57
. The sector contributed around 13% to India’s GVA in FY 2023–
24
58
, with total manufacturing GVA reaching I21.97 lakh crore in 2022–23
59
. Basic
metals and chemicals and chemical products together accounted for nearly 22%
of India’s manufacturing GVA.
In Odisha, the value chain is currently concentrated in processing and component
manufacturing. With targeted investments and policy support, the State has
significant potential to move up the value chain into higher value-added activities
of advanced manufacturing and export-oriented production.
In FY 2023-24, the manufacturing sector contributed 23.1% to Odisha’s GVA,
amounting to about I1.93 lakh crore
60
, placing the state at the 11
th
position in terms
of share of manufacturing in GVA at the national level
61
. The sector, however, is highly
concentrated, with basic metals (60%); coke and refined petroleum products (15.5%)
together accounting for 75.5% of Odisha’s manufacturing GVA. Odisha ranks first in
basic metals, contributing 16.3% of national manufacturing GVA in this subsector,
and sixth in coke and refined petroleum products, with a 5.63% share
62
. Unlike
leading states such as Maharashtra, where a diversified mix of subsectors, including
food products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics, and refined
petroleum, drives nearly 80% of manufacturing GVA, the concentrated Odisha’s
industrial base of Odisha underscores the need for greater diversification with focus
on value addition. Encouragingly, over the past three years (2022-24), the State has
attracted more than I5 lakh crore in planned investments through MoUs in various
projects in the sector, as highlighted in Odisha Vision 2047, pointing to a strong
potential for broadening its industrial base.
56 Datasets for value added manufacturing(2024): The World Bank Group
57 Datasets for value added manufacturing (2024): The World Bank Group
58 PIB by Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation; 2024 – https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2022323
59 Statement 7A, Annual Survey of Industries 2022-23, MoSPI; 2024
60 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
61 Statement 7A, Annual Survey of Industries 2022-23 (2024): Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
62 Statement 7A, Annual Survey of Industries 2022-23 (2024): Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation 107 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 12.1: Planned investment in the manufacturing sector in Odisha over the last 3 years
BCPPER has a well-endowed ecosystem to support the chemical and
petrochemical industries as detailed in subsequent sections. In contrast, it lacks
the mineral endowments that underpin much of Odisha’s industrial base. While
the State ranks among the top producers at the national level - first in aluminium,
steel, stainless steel, chromite, bauxite, and iron ore
63
- none of these mineral
deposits are located within BCPPER. As per information shared by the state
government during discussion, the region has been able to leverage its chemical,
petrochemical, and port-led strengths to attract investments exceeding I3 lakh
crore over the past three years (Figure 12.2)
64
.
Figure 12.2: Planned investment in the manufacturing sector in BCPPER over the last 3 years
63 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
64 Data shared by Industries Department, Government of Odisha (2025) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 108
There are 37 industrial estates in the region with the presence of 7 major industry
leaders as indicated in Figure 12.3. The region, while boasting the presence of an
ecosystem that supports industrial growth, also has several challenges that need to be
addressed, as brought out in Table 12.1.
Figure 12.3: Industrial estates in BCPPER
Table 12.1: Opportunities & Challenges of the Manufacturing Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Competitive Advantages
While not a national leader
in manufacturing, Odisha
possesses distinctive strengths
that can drive industrial growth.
• Strategic location and
infrastructure
Robust connectivity, proximity
to ports, and the upcoming ring
road provide a strong foundation
for expanding the manufacturing
base in the region.
• Investment momentum
The Odisha Vision 2047 targets
₹30 lakh crore in investments,
alongside goals of doubling
employment and exports from
the sector.
• Concentration of Output
Nearly 75% of the state’s manufacturing
GVA comes from two sectors, basic metals
and petroleum products, neither of which
has a significant presence in the BCPPER
region.
• Fragmented ecosystem
The industrial landscape is constrained by
weak academia–industry collaboration and
limited innovation linkages.
• Infrastructure gaps
The region has few sector-specific
industrial estates/areas, with inadequate
common facilities and limited plug-and-
play infrastructure for investors. 109 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Committed pipeline
Over the past three years,
the region has secured MoUs
amounting to ₹3.42 lakh
crore in planned investments,
underscoring its attractiveness
for industry.
• Sustainability focus
The state is developing an
overarching growth strategy and
has initiated studies to identify
priority sectors for greening
value chains, aligning industrial
growth with sustainability goals.
• Low-value manufacturing
The city region is dominated by low value–
added manufacturing, restricting economic
diversification and higher productivity
gains.
• Labour migration
A large share of Odisha’s workforce migrates
out of the state to work in sectors such as
textiles, reflecting missed opportunities for
local employment generation.
• Environmental pressures
Several polluting industrial estates lie within
city limits, adversely affecting quality of life
and constraining the sustainable growth of
industry.
12.2 Approach for Upgrading the Manufacturing Sector in BCPPER
The Economic Plan adopts a holistic approach to transform BCPPER into a
modern, sustainable and competitive manufacturing hub. At its core is the
creation of sector-specific industrial estates, relocation of industrial estates out
of city regions and establishment of industrial corridors aligned with the broader
strategy of port-led growth.
The industrial estates (IEs) and industrial areas (IAs) in the BCPPER are spread
across Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. The local administration has the authority to
allocate land within the estate to small industries with investments up to I50
crore. This has resulted in mixed-use estates that often house industries from
multiple, non-complementary sectors
65
.
65 Project Evaluation including Allotment of Land/Shed (2024): Invest Odisha Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 110
Figure 12.4: Out of 37 IEs only 6 are sector specific
Currently, out of the 37 industrial estates, only six are sector-specific
66
. The
remaining 31 estates owing to their multi-sectoral nature, lack common facilities
such as effluent treatment plants, plug-and-play infrastructure, thus limiting
efficiency and competitiveness. Further nearly 14 estates are located within city
limits, potentially constraining both urban growth and industrial expansion. Of
these, seven estates host polluting units such as fabrication shops, steel plants,
and silicon manufacturers, adversely affecting the quality of life.
66 Data provided by Industrial Development Corporation Odisha, Government of Odisha 111 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 12.5: Out of 37 IEs, 14 are within city limits including 8 polluting units
Following interventions are proposed to streamline the IEs in the region:
(i) Establish Planned IEs
(a) Establish Sector-Specific IEs.
(b) Providing Common Facilities and Plug-And-Play Infrastructure.
(c) Facilities for Workers: Facilities such as worker housing, creches etc.
improve productivity, reduce formation of slums and reduce attrition.
(ii) Relocation of Industries
IEs, traditionally located outside city limits, are increasingly being engulfed
by expanding cities, as shown in Figure 12.5. This reduces the quality of
life for residents and places additional pressure on ULBs. The issue can be
addressed through following measures:
• Relocate IEs and IAs away from city boundaries. Initially, polluting units
could be moved within a five-year horizon, followed by relocation of all
units; refer recommendation 1.1 given below.
• Develop dedicated industrial zones and belts along transport corridors with
port access to enhance connectivity and efficiency. These zones are to be
earmarked on the development plan to restrict city growth towards that
direction; refer to recommendation 2 given below. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 112
• Introduce incentives for IEs to relocate voluntarily, coupled with penalties
for non-compliance.
(iii) Identify Sectors for Greening the Value Chain
It is recommended to evolve a forward-looking strategy aligned with net-
zero targets that aims to enhance the manufacturing sector’s sustainability,
resilience, and global competitiveness by meeting additional power needs
through renewable energy. Greening operations improves efficiency by
reducing energy, water, and material waste, while green value chains minimise
the risks from climate change, regulations, and raw material shortages.
12.3 Proposed Interventions for Upgrading Manufacturing Landscape in BCPPER
A. List of Projects:
1. Proposals for Setting Up New Sector Specific Industrial Estates/Areas
Location: Multiple locations across BCPPER: Medical Devices - Cuttack and Khordha;
Technical Textile - Jagatsingpur; Mini textile park - Khordha (near Bhubaneswar);
Downstream chemical park - Jagatsingpur (PCPIR); Integrated Aquaculture Park –
Jagatsingpur; Food processing park – Khordha; Metal processing and Capital good
& white goods – Khordha.
High-value export-oriented sectors having interlinkages with existing sectors. The
sectors are aligned with global & domestic demand/trends or having support from
the state government. As per the initial assessment the state is heavy reliant on 2
sectors for there is a need to diversify existing sectors and seed in new. This IEs
will require common facilities such as reliable power, water and logistics while food
processing will need additional cold storage.
1.1 Moving Polluting IEs/IAs away from City
Location: Earmarked zone in Khordha and Cuttack
Polluting industries within cities strain infrastructure and reduce Liveability;
relocating them to peripheral zones with larger land availability and better logistics
can reduce risks, improve compliance, and support cleaner urban cores. This
requires identifying non-conforming industries, planning relocation of industrial
estates by providing serviced land and incentives, and creating a clear industrial
relocation policy with timelines such as, hazardous units moving within 4-5 years
and non-polluting units within 9-10 years, along with satellite industrial zones and
penalties for units unwilling to shift.
1.2 Upgrading existing Industrial Estates
Location: All possible industrial estates in BCPPER 113 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Assess potential for common facilities (CETPs, plug-and-play) in all estates.
• Conduct zoning audits of existing IEs/IAs and allocate vacant land accordingly.
• Monitor industry output to identify scale-up needs and required amenities.
• Revive underperforming estates by addressing infrastructure gaps and
inefficiencies.
• Provide worker amenities and modern plug-and-play facilities to boost investor
confidence.
1.3 Unlocking the Industrial Land in Urban City Limits
Location: Potential industrial estates within city limits that have moved out
Unlocking underutilised industrial land within city limits is critical for economic growth,
urban renewal, and sustainable development, particularly in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack,
where old estates sit on prime land. The project proposes land-use reclassification
to convert outdated industrial areas into mixed-use or commercial zones, supported
by impact studies, with vacant plots redeveloped through PPP or land monetisation
and master plans updated to accommodate reclassification while retaining essential
MSME pockets. Linking with the state land bank and OSFC will unlock clean-titled
parcels for housing, education, and commercial use, with clear land-use mapping
guiding redevelopment aligned with future urban growth and sustainability.
2. Dedicated Industrial Belt
Location: Aligned with the DFC and Capital Region Ring Road, the site is likely to be
located in western Khordha, south of the Mahanadi River, subject to final alignment
This approach promotes efficient, sustainable, and competitive industrial
development by creating large-scale industrial zones with appropriate infrastructure,
environmental safeguards, and shared high-capacity facilities to reduce costs and
improve competitiveness. Dedicated zones strengthen supply chain linkages and
MSME clusters, while pre-approved sector-aligned land parcels attract anchor
investors by reducing delays and policy risks.
3. Industry Academia Collaboration
Location: In the key city region / or in hubs of world skill centres as proposed in
knowledge economy proposals
This initiative aims to boost innovation and manufacturing competitiveness by
aligning education with industry needs and accelerating R&D commercialisation.
Technology transfer hubs will link academia, startups, and MSMEs, while faculty-
industry immersion keeps educators updated. Universities in Bhubaneswar and
Cuttack should collaborate with industry through hackathons, innovation challenges,
and tech parks/incubators, supported by incentives such as CSR or tax deductions
to strengthen R&D, labs, and training infrastructure. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 114
B. Policy Interventions
Implementing each project on the ground will necessitate the execution of specific
policy unlocks.
Project related to: 1.1 Moving polluting industries away from city limits
Policy unlocks
• Phase-wise mapping and audit for industries in the urban limit that are polluting,
space-constrained or non-conforming.
• Develop satellite industrial zones in the Industrial belt.
• Offer relocation incentives, for the selected industries.
• Enable reuse of old industrial land.
Project related to: 1.3 Unlocking the industrial land in urban city limits
Policy unlocks
• Conduct utilisation audits of existing IEs: Map industrial land parcels in cities
(e.g. Rasulgarh, Mancheswar in Bhubaneswar; Jagatpur & IAs in Cuttack etc) to
identify underuse, encroachments or misalignments).
• Link with state land banks: Offer parcels for investment in housing, education or
commercial centres.
• Land assembly and investment mechanisms offer redevelopment incentives.
Improved Regulatory Compliance
• A more streamlined and time-bound approval process is required.
• The state is already performing well on single-window clearances.
• Additional financial incentives, including PLI support for select sectors, should
be introduced.
• The state should also provide R&D support and export facilitation.
Figure 12.6 Indicative location of proposed projects in the manufacturing sector 115 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
13
Textiles, Handloom,
& Handicraft Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 116
13.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The textile, handloom, and handicraft sectors are considered as the key drivers
of economic growth, particularly in countries like India, given their ability to
generate large-scale employment, strengthen rural livelihoods, and empower
women. As the second-largest source of employment after agriculture, it sustains
the livelihood while fostering both income generation and social inclusion.
Textile sector has an important footprint in the global value chain, impacting the
economy of several nations through trade and commerce. In 2022, India ranked
as the world’s sixth-largest exporter of Textiles and Apparel or T&A
67
. Textiles
contribute around 8% of India’s total exports in FY 23–24, reflecting the sector’s
strategic importance in global trade
68
. However, its scale and size remain limited
compared to global leaders like China and even other smaller countries like
Bangladesh and Vietnam. The sector is constrained by structural inefficiencies,
fragmentation, and limited value addition, which restrict its ability to compete
globally at scale.
The T&A sector of India has shown strong momentum, propelled by its vast domestic
market. While the global T&A market is expanding at a rate of 4% annually, India
outpaces it with a 7% growth rate
69
. Valued at US$165 Bn in 2022, India’s T&A
market is projected to more than double by 2030, reaching US$ 350 Bn
70
.
Handloom and handicraft exports form a crucial part of India’s economic and
cultural fabric. In FY23, the total exports of handicrafts stood at I30,019 crore
(approximately US$ 3.60 Bn), comprising fabrics, bed linen, carpets, rugs, and
home textiles, with strong demand from markets such as the USA, UK, Germany,
Italy, and the UAE
71
. These exports not only contribute significantly to the economy
but also safeguard India’s rich cultural traditions while supporting livelihoods.
By emphasising traditional skills and cultural heritage, the sector has the potential
to foster inclusive, sustainable, and decentralised economic growth, positioning
India more prominently on the global stage.
In Odisha, despite the rich tradition in textiles, handlooms and handicrafts, the
heritage-linked products account for only a marginal share of the State’s exports.
Instead, ready-made garments dominate the export basket, comprising 97% of
Odisha’s T&A exports, with the state ranking 19
th
in India’s textile exports in FY
23-24.
The sector benefits from supportive government policies, including attractive
subsidies, capital incentives, and single-window clearances. Importantly, each
region of Odisha carries a distinct textile and craft heritage, offering a vast
scope for value addition and future growth. The State’s celebrated ikkat weaving
tradition and other handloom clusters have been instrumental in empowering
thousands of artisans and women through upskilling and cluster development.
67 Textile and Apparel Growth (2023): Wazir Advisors
68 National Import-Export Record for Yearly Analysis of Trade (NIRYAT): Accessed on 2025
69 Annual Report on Indian Textile & Apparel Industry (2023): Wazir Advisors
70 Textile Industry’s Amrit Kaal: Roadmap for US$ 350 Bn Market (2023): FICCI-Wazir Advisors
71 Handloom Industry and Exports (2025): India Brand Equity Foundation 117 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 13.1: State’s Export for FY 2023-24 (Commodity: Textile)
Within Eastern India, BCPPER has emerged as a key hub for the textile sector.
Notably, Cuttack alone accounts for nearly 50% of the region’s MSMEs in the
textile sector. The region is also home to a vibrant artisanal ecosystem, enriched
by several GI-tagged crafts such as Silver Filigree (Tarakasi, Cuttack), Khandua
Silk (Nuapatna, Cuttack), Pattachitra (Raghurajpur, Puri), Applique Work (Pipli,
Puri), etc.
Silver Filigree Khandua Silk Khandua Silk Applique Work
Figure 13.2: GI-tagged crafts of BCPPER
While BCPPER stands out for its remarkable strengths and distinctive specialties,
offering unique competitive advantages, it needs to navigate its own specific
challenges as indicated in Table 13.1. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 118
Table 13.1: Opportunities and Challenges for the Textile Sector in BCPPER
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Availability of Raw Material (like cotton,
silk, other natural fibres) and a large
number of traditional weavers and
artisans
• Natural Gateway to South-East Asian
Economies with three major ports
(Paradeep, Dharma, and Gopalpur)
along the coastline, will improve export
potential
• Pro-Poor and Pro-Industry outlook of the
Government with environment-friendly
infrastructure incentives under Industrial
Policy Resolution 2022 and Apparel and
Technical Textiles Policy 2022
• Rich and renowned Handloom textiles
like Sambalpuri, Bomkai, and Berhampuri
need more marketing and branding
• Cluster-Based Development Model helps
in strengthening textile clusters in places
with improved shared infrastructure,
raw material procurement, and product
standardisation.
• Scope of Growth in Technical Textiles
with the availability of raw material from
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)
Paradip Refinery
• Lack of Organised Clusters
where most units are small-scale,
unorganised, and lack integration
across the value chain
• Limited Technological Penetration,
providing a lack of access to
modern machinery and reduced
productivity
• Underutilised textile policy
incentives. Small players lack
awareness or the capacity to
leverage subsidies, tax benefits,
and infrastructure support
• Competition from established
textile hubs like the states of Gujarat
and Tamil Nadu, which have better
infrastructure and market access.
• Market volatility & price fluctuations
in global cotton and raw material
prices affect production costs
• High Risk of climate hazards such
as floods, heat stress, recurring
drought, and extreme rainfall events
leads to reduced quality of life
13.2 The Approach: Heritage and Innovation-led Transformation in BCPPER
The proposed approach underscores innovation while retaining heritage as the
key drivers of transformation in BCPPER. By adopting a 5T strategy, traditional
strengths can be systematically developed to align with contemporary
requirements. Leveraging emerging trends enables heritage-based products to
access new markets, while infrastructure improvements provide the foundation
for scaling heritage-linked industries with modern efficiencies. Policy reforms
further institutionalise these innovations, ensuring that heritage, when redefined
through innovation, serves as a sustainable engine of economic growth and
value-chain development with a clear focus on inclusion. 119 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(i) Adopting the 5T strategy
The textile sector in Odisha holds immense potential to emerge as a national
and global hub, and this can be unlocked through a comprehensive 5T
approach
72
.
• The first step is to track Odisha’s unique strengths in its rich handloom
legacy of Sambalpuri Ikkat, Bomkai, Khandua, Habaspuri, and Berhampuri
silk, coupled with abundant natural fibres.
• Simultaneously, training weavers, artisans, and entrepreneurs in modern
tailoring, quality control, branding, design innovation, and digital
marketing will upgrade skills while safeguarding traditional craftsmanship.
• Efforts to transform production processes and supportive policies by
incentivising investments, adopting sustainable practices, and promoting
eco-friendly manufacturing will build an investor-friendly and resilient
ecosystem.
• Targeted initiatives to trigger production, including R&D in technical
textiles, scaling up of apparel and garment units, and enhancing cost
competitiveness, will strengthen Odisha’s manufacturing base.
• Finally, boosting trade through strategic branding, export facilitation,
incubation of new textile enterprises, and global collaborations will
position Odisha’s textiles in international markets, driving employment
generation, women’s empowerment, and cultural pride.
Figure 13.3: 5T Approach for the textile sector
(ii) Leveraging Global and National Trends
It is essential to align with the latest trends to enhance Odisha’s prospects
of emerging as a preferred manufacturing destination. In the T&A sector,
two key growth drivers are apparel and technical textiles. In 2023, India
ranked as the sixth-largest apparel exporter globally
73
, but the wide gap with
leading players underscores immense growth potential. While Bangladesh
72 Source: NID, Ahmedabad
73 Press Information Bureau (2025): Ministry of Textiles Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 120
and Vietnam have moved ahead in global export markets, shifting global
dynamics are now creating new investment opportunities. With China and
India projected to be the fastest-growing apparel markets, India enjoys a
strategic advantage as rising wages and tariffs make China less competitive.
To seize this opportunity, India must strengthen its policy and industrial
ecosystem to attract large-scale apparel investments.
Figure 13.4: BCPPER has existing potential in raw material availability
Odisha stands out with its strength in the availability of raw material,
particularly in cotton, where yields average around 550 kg per hectare
74
.
They are among the highest in the country. In Odisha, the area under
cotton cultivation grew by 39%, rising from 169,600 hectares in 2019-20
to 235,600 hectares in 2023-24. This robust local resource base provides
a strong platform for building an integrated textile and apparel industry.
By diversifying into other segments of the value chain, such as spinning,
twisting, weaving, knitting, and processing, Odisha can significantly increase
production, create employment, and establish itself as a competitive hub in
the apparel sector.
Figure 13.5: Increase in cotton area cultivation75
Technical textiles are emerging as a sunrise sector. Growing at a CAGR of 5.2
per cent during 2022-27, the global market is projected to reach US $ 274
Bn by 2027
76
. Technical textiles account for 12–15% of India’s textile value
chain, with the domestic market expected to grow to US $ 40 Bn by 2030.
74 Meeting of Committee on Cotton Production and Consumption (COCPC) 2024
75 Odisha Economic Survey 2024-25; Government of Odisha
76 India 2047-Vision and strategic roadmap for technical textiles (2023): Ministry of Textiles 121 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Of the 12 application segments, Mobiltech, Indutech, and Sportech dominate
globally, while Indutech and Packtech lead in India. However, India’s presence
is largely concentrated in low-value, low-technology products, leaving the
high-value global demand untapped.
The presence of the IOCL Paradeep Refinery offers Odisha a strategic
advantage with the local availability of key petrochemical raw materials.
Strengthening Paradeep’s petrochemical output would reduce India’s
reliance on imported PTA and MEG (key ingredients in polyester fibres),
bolstering domestic MMF production.
India already ranks among the top global producers of raw materials
and possesses strong capacities in fibre, filament, and yarn production
77
.
Leveraging these strengths, Odisha has the potential to integrate further
into the global MMF value chain by focusing on value addition in weaving,
knitting, and garmenting.
(iii) Improving Existing Infrastructure
The region is home to prominent nationalised institutes that serve as the
backbone of R&D. Odisha has recently witnessed substantial investments
from textile and apparel companies, leading to a steady increase in the
number of apparel manufacturing units over the years. Existing and planned
ecosystem development in BCPPER is encouraging
78
:
Existing Handloom
Cluster –18+
No of power
looms – 1282+
No. of Textile
MSME – 2976+
Already proposed
Handloom Cluster - 2
Upcoming Textile/Apparel/Technical Textiles
Units – 22 +
Existing Large Apparel
Units – 5+
Upcoming Textile/Apparel/Technical Textiles
Investment – 6335.6 Cr.+
The region has, however, limited textile clusters or parks. Strengthening
industrial infrastructure, such as dedicated textile parks, common facility
centres, and logistics networks, will reduce production bottlenecks
and attract large-scale investments. Improved connectivity, enhanced
warehousing, and logistics facilities can position BCPPER as a competitive
hub for both domestic and export markets. At the same time, strengthening
local clusters, encouraging MSMEs in different segments of the value chain,
and integrating traditional handlooms and crafts into modern value chains
will help achieve inclusive growth. Creating synergy with the handloom and
handicraft sectors is crucial so that they complement each other, rather
than functioning in isolation.
(iv) Reform in Existing Policy
The Odisha Apparel and Technical Textiles Policy 2022 are a comprehensive
strategy by the Government of Odisha to develop and promote the textile
77 Study To Promote Growth of Man-Made Fibre Textile Industry in India; Textiles Committee, Ministry of Textiles
78 Industrial Promotion and Investment Corporation of Odisha (IPICOL) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 122
sector, particularly apparel and technical textiles. Further streamlining the
focus sectors in the policy proposed below will increase its positive impact
at the grassroots level:
Table 13.2: Existing sectoral policyPolicy: Odisha Apparel and Technical Textiles Policy 2022
Focus Areas
Expand focus to full value chain: fibre to fashion, including spinning, ginning, and
pre-processing Integrate traditional sectors (handlooms, handicrafts) with modern
value chains
Target Sector:
• Modernise machines to harness the potential of technical textiles
• Support fusion-based design (handloom + tech textile)
Incentives & Subsidies:
• Include a design-led handloom subsidy scheme with GI-based support
• Offer 10% innovation subsidy for handloom-tech startups
• Make green compliance a precondition for incentives
• Introduce green processing grant scheme for natural dye & waste management
• Provide sector-specific incentives for each type of investor, like OEM (Original
Equipment Manufacturer)
Infrastructure Requirements:
• Build Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) and Zero Liquid Discharge
systems (ZLDs) inside existing textile parks
• Create women-first industrial clusters with creches, hostels, etc.
13.3 Key Recommendation
The following key interventions in the BCPPER region are proposed:
(a) Mega Technical Textile Park
With petrochemical refineries in the region, it is crucial to streamline
development and focus on the technical textile sector. A mega park located
near Paradip port can help leverage logistics and trade, and the availability
of key petrochemical raw materials for the MMF industry supported
by upcoming petrochemical expansions. The region can prioritise the
development of polyester and nylon manufacturing hubs to feed the mega
park. Strengthening Paradeep’s petrochemical output will also help reduce
India’s reliance on imported PTA and MEG, both essential ingredients in
polyester fibre production.
(b) Apparel Park
Establishing an apparel park in Cuttack is a strategic initiative aimed
at revitalising the region’s rich textile heritage. The park will catalyse 123 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
modernisation production, preserve cultural traditions, generate
employment, and integrate traditional crafts into global supply chains,
thereby rejuvenating the textile sector. It will host large-scale manufacturing
units, which will also support the numerous fragmented downstream MSME
units in the Cuttack district.
(c) Kala Innovation Zones or KIZs
KIZ is proposed as a development zone premised on a hub and spoke model
for the integration of textiles, handlooms, and handicrafts. The central ‘hub’
in Cuttack district provides advanced infrastructure, design, research, and
training facilities, while the surrounding ‘spokes’ in six different districts
support local clusters of artisans and small enterprises. Clusters connect
to the hub and spokes in the KIZs for CFCs, raw material procurement,
supply chain integration, technical support, market access, and design labs
for fusing crafts. This model fosters collaboration, enhances productivity,
and promotes the seamless blending of traditional crafts with modern
manufacturing and design practices.
Figure 13.6: Map of Kala Innovation Zones (KIZs)
13.3 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Develop Mega Park for Technical Textile, Leveraging Paradeep Port’s Connectivity
and Odisha’s Emerging Petrochemical Ecosystem
Location: Appropriate location in proximity of PCPIR, preferably within a 20-30 km
radius of Paradip Port Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 124
Area required: 250 – 500 acres, with expansion potential
Infrastructure and Facility:
• Plug-and-Play Industrial Plots for quick setup
• CFC: R&D labs, product testing centres, certification labs
• ETPs for sustainable operations
Value Addition: Strengthen India’s position in the global technical textile value chain
by focusing on value addition
2. Establish an Apparel Park with Plug-and-Play Facilities for MSME’s
Location: Choudwar, Cuttack
Area required: 150 – 200 acres, with expansion potential
Infrastructure requirements:
• Well-constructed internal roads, 2.5 MLD water supply, and 4 MW 24/7 power
supply.
• Designed to accommodate around 40-50 apparel manufacturing units, offering
industrial plots to attract MSMEs
Value Addition: MSME’s will cater to the specific segment of the value chain and help
in revitalising the region’s textile industry
3. Mini Textile Parks (MTPs) to Promote Small-Scale, Decentralised, and Cluster-
Based Development
Location: Across all four districts in the region
Area required: Minimum 2.5 acres with at least 3 industrial units
Government Subsidy/Incentives required:
• 50% of the project cost or a maximum R2.5 crore for common infrastructure (for
50 parks initially)
• Facilities included: Roads, ETPs, common power supply, storage, testing labs,
training centres
Mode of development: By private developers with financial assistance from the
government. Promoters (Cooperative societies, SHGs, groups of MSMEs) apply with
a DPR for the proposal
4. Mini Ready-Made Garment Parks for Women for Setting Up Women-led or
Women-Employed Textile and Garment Units
Location: Across all four districts in the region
Area required: Minimum 2.5 acres with at least 3 industrial units
Vision:
• Develop women-led industrial parks
• Boost employment, especially in rural and semi-urban areas
• Dedicated to specific purposes like cutting, stitching, finishing, and packing
Target sector: Ready-made garments, knitting, apparel manufacturing 125 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
5. CoE for Synergy between Textile Parks, Handloom Clusters, and Local Artisans
Location: Bhubaneswar (strategically located near NIFT Bhubaneswar)
Area required: Approximately 5 acres
Scope: CoE will focus on developing technical textile products in segments
Focus on: Innovation, inclusion, and market.
6. KIZ as a Hub and Spoke Model for Handloom and Handicraft
Location:
• Central KIZ in Cuttack District (one central hub),
• Regional KIZ in Bargarh District (one regional hub) and
• Satellite KIZ in Khorda, Ganjam, Gopalpura, Koraput, Kalahandi and Subarnapur
District (six spokes).
Area required:
• Central KIZ = 25 acres,
• Regional KIZ = 10 acres,
• Satellite KIZ = minimum 5 acres
Activities proposed in KIZ:
• Help in raw material procurement
• Supply chain integration
• Design & innovation facilities
• Market access and value addition
• Branding and exports
Infrastructure requirements:
Smart CFCs & shared spaces for artisans from both sectors to co-create.
Figure 13.7: Map of proposed projects in the textile sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 126 127 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
14
Chemical Sector
Eastern Chemical Hub of India Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 128
14.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The chemical industry by providing critical inputs for agriculture, pharmaceuticals,
electronics, textiles, consumer goods and supporting a wide range of downstream
industries, contributes significantly to GDP and employment. The sector drives
innovation in material science and sustainability by supporting substantial
investments in R&D. However, its high environmental footprint underscores
the urgent need for sustainable production practices and adoption of greener
technologies, positioning the industry as a key driver of India’s future economic
and industrial growth.
Despite ranking sixth for chemical production, India is not a major global player as
its share of total output is only 2-3%, valued at approximately US$ 113 Bn
79
which
is modest compared to China’s dominant 44% share (US$ 1,880 Bn), followed by
the European Union at 14% (US$ 645 Bn) and the United States at 11% (US$ 475
Bn). The sector accounts for about 9% of India’s GVA
80
, and by 2047, the country
aims to capture nearly 12% of the global chemical market, emerging as a US$ 1 Tn
chemical manufacturing hub
81
.
At present, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh together contribute around
55% of the national output
82
, while Odisha remains a peripheral player despite
hosting a PCPIR. In Odisha, chemicals and chemical products, including coke
and refined petroleum products, contribute 10–16% of the state’s manufacturing
GVA
83
.
The PCPIR forms the primary chemical cluster in Odisha, spread across two
districts, viz. Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara, with the latter outside BCPPER.
Of the 284.15 sq. km earmarked for development, only 33% has been utilised
84
,
highlighting considerable untapped potential. Opportunities for downstream
industries are emerging, with a 120-acre plastic park under development,
proposals for technical textiles, and growing opportunities in packaging.
Positioned at the intersection of national ambitions and local strengths, BCPPER
holds distinct advantages for the chemical sector while also facing structural and
implementation challenges that must be addressed to unlock its full potential.
The opportunities and challenges of the sector are detailed in Table 14.1.
79 Facts and Figure of the Industry (2023): The European Chemical Industry Council, European Chemical Council (Cefic)
80 Chemical and Petrochemical Statistics at Glance (2024): Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers
81 The next Chemical Manufacturing hub (2023): McKinsey & Company
82 Chemical and Petrochemical Statistics at Glance (2024): Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers
83 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
84 Information shared by state government 129 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Table 14.1: Opportunities & Challenges of Chemical Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Established vs. Emerging Hubs: Gujarat
and Maharashtra are established
chemical and petrochemical hubs,
while Odisha is emerging as the fastest
upcoming region.
• Eastern Chemical Hub Potential: Odisha
has the potential to position itself as the
Eastern Chemical Hub of India, driven by
its strategic advantages.
• Anchor tenant: IOCL refinery with 15
MMTPA capacity already operational.
• Port Advantage: Paradip Port with
deep-draft facilities enabling global
connectivity.
• Petrochemical Complex: A processing
complex under development to
catalyse downstream investment.
• Downstream Industry Prospects: Strong
opportunities in plastics, synthetic fibres,
specialty chemicals, and packaging,
opening new avenues for value addition.
• Absence of SEZs: Despite its scale,
the PCPIR region does not host a
single SEZ.
• Connectivity Gaps: Weak highway,
rail, gas pipeline, and digital
connectivity continue to limit
investment potential.
• Underutilised Land: A large share
of the PCPIR area and the planned
plastic park remains unutilised.
• Limited Integration: The anchor
tenant is restricted to crude oil
refining, with no integration into
downstream petrochemicals or
speciality chemicals.
• Low Budgetary Support:
Limited budgetary allocation for
industry reduces incentives and
slows common infrastructure
development.
14.2 The Approach for Making Paradeep PCPIR a Catalyst for Industrial Growth
The Economic Plan proposes capacity expansion and downstream industry
development towards setting up a chemical hub in BCPPER. The key focus areas
are:
(i) Attract Global and National Anchor Tenants: While national anchor tenants
are already established in the region, it is imperative to attract international
players to enhance competitiveness and global integration. To this end, the
State Government needs to prioritise the following:
• Accelerate Land Acquisition and Parcel Readiness: Expedite land
acquisition and prepare serviceable parcels to enable immediate
industrial setup, leveraging existing infrastructure such as port, rail,
highway, refinery access, and planned airport.
• Attract Global Speciality Chemical Producers: Allocate dedicated
land to global tenants for high-value speciality chemical units to bring
advanced technology and expertise to the region.
• Enable Strategic International Partnerships: Empower the SPV to
enter bilateral agreements with partner countries to support OMCs in
establishing Verbund-model petrochemical complexes as SEZs. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 130
(ii) Broaden the Downstream Segment: Expanding the downstream segment
in PCPIR is critical to maximise value addition, strengthen linkages with key
industries, and enhance export competitiveness. It also embeds sustainability
by advancing circular economy practices and efficient resource use, ensuring
growth that is both resilient and environmentally responsible. The following
is proposed in this regard:
• Establish Dedicated Sectoral Estates: Develop industrial estates focused
on specific sectors to create specialised clusters that promote efficiency,
knowledge sharing, and innovation among downstream industries.
• Leverage Industrial Symbiosis: Design these estates to utilise waste
streams or by-products from related industries, fostering circular
economy practices, reducing costs, and minimising environmental
impact.
• Encourage Integration and Collaboration: Facilitate collaboration
between upstream and downstream units within the estates, enabling
co-located value chains, shared infrastructure, and enhanced
competitiveness for all participating industries.
14.3 Proposed Interventions
In order to accelerate industrial growth and enhance regional competitiveness,
the following projects are proposed.
A. List of projects
1. Global/ National Anchor Tenants
Location: In the PCPIR Paradeep region
• Target Leading Global Investors: IDCO should proactively reach out to top-
tier international chemical companies such as Aramco, ExxonMobil, SABIC, and
BASF to establish high-value speciality chemical production units. Engaging
these global leaders can bring world-class technology, operational excellence,
and credibility to the region.
• Offer Incentives and Dedicated Land Parcels: Provide strategically located,
ready-to-develop land parcels along with fiscal, regulatory, and infrastructure
support to attract anchor tenants. This ensures rapid project deployment while
reducing entry barriers and risks for investors.
• Facilitate Technology Transfer & Strategic Partnerships: Structure collaborations
that enable knowledge sharing, advanced manufacturing practices, and
integration with domestic supply chains. This approach not only strengthens
competitiveness but also supports the growth of downstream industries and
ecosystem development in the region. 131 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2. Establish Chemical Downstream Industrial Estate
Location: In PCPIR Paradeep
• Develop Sector-Specific Industrial Estate: IDCO will create a dedicated
industrial estate within the PCPIR, tailored for MSMEs operating in downstream
chemical sectors. The estate will foster a clustered ecosystem, promoting
collaboration, operational efficiency, and access to specialised markets.
• Construct Flatted Factories with Shared Facilities: Design flatted factories to
provide ready-to-use units for MSMEs, integrated with common infrastructure
such as CETP, quality control certification centres, laboratories, steam boilers,
and fire safety and emergency response systems, reducing capital expenditure
for tenants.
• Provide Comprehensive Support Infrastructure: Equip the estate with intra-
roads, pipelines, power, and other essential utilities to ensure seamless operations.
By offering end-to-end infrastructure, the estate minimises operational risks
and accelerates business setup, making it highly attractive for investors and
entrepreneurs.
3. Develop a Floating Regasification Plant at Paradip Port
Location: Paradip Port, PCPIR region
• Develop Sector-Specific Industrial Estate: IDCO will create a dedicated
industrial estate within the PCPIR, tailored for MSMEs operating in downstream
chemical sectors. The estate will foster a clustered ecosystem, promoting
collaboration, operational efficiency, and access to specialised markets.
• Construct Flatted Factories with Shared Facilities: Design flatted factories to
provide ready-to-use units for MSMEs, integrated with common infrastructure
such as CETP, quality control certification centres, laboratories, steam boilers,
and fire safety and emergency response systems, reducing capital expenditure
for tenants.
• Provide Comprehensive Support Infrastructure: Equip the estate with intra-
roads, pipelines, power, and other essential utilities to ensure seamless operations.
By offering end-to-end infrastructure, the estate minimises operational risks
and accelerates business setup, making it highly attractive for investors and
entrepreneurs.
4. Develop a Gas and LNG Pipeline Network from Inter and Intra Region
Location: Paradeep PCPIR region
Expediting the natural gas pipeline being developed by GAIL from Hazira Port to
Paradip Port is critical for strengthening energy security and enabling industrial
growth in the region. The pipeline will provide a reliable and cost-effective supply
of natural gas, supporting refineries, petrochemical complexes, and downstream
industries with cleaner fuel. Faster implementation will not only reduce dependence
on imported fuels but also enhance Paradeep’s attractiveness as a competitive hub
for large-scale investments in energy-intensive manufacturing. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 132
5. Enhance the ITI Centres and Integrate them with Industries and CIPET
Location: In PCPIR Paradeep
The Odisha Skill Development Authority should establish new ITI centres, while
simultaneously upgrading existing ones with industry-relevant courses tailored to
emerging needs in chemicals, petrochemicals, and allied sectors. By integrating
these initiatives with CIPET Bhubaneswar, the state can create a strong pipeline of
skilled manpower, ensuring local youth are job-ready and capable of supporting
high-value industrial projects in the region.
6. Empower the Integrated Command Control Centre
Location: In Paradeep City or Jagatsingpur District headquarters
The PCPIR should establish and empower an ICCC to serve as the central platform
for monitoring environmental compliance across the region. By leveraging
advanced technologies such as IoT-based sensors, satellite mapping, and AI-driven
analytics, the ICCC can enable real-time tracking of emissions, effluents, and waste
management practices. Provisions for automated alerts, transparent reporting, and
strict penalty enforcement will ensure industries adhere to regulatory standards,
while also building investor confidence by positioning the region as a model for
sustainable and responsible industrial development.
B. Policy prescriptions
While the state has a progressive policy framework to attract investments, the
following interventions are proposed to enable a more robust industrial ecosystem.
1. Notification of Draft REACH Rules
The Government of India needs to notify the draft REACH (Registration, Evaluation,
Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) Rules to promote the sustainable
production and management of hazardous chemicals. Formalising these regulations
will align India with global standards, ensuring safer handling, reduced environmental
risks, and greater compliance with international trade requirements. By mandating
transparency, robust evaluation, and responsible use of hazardous substances,
the rules will not only protect public health and ecosystems but also enhance the
competitiveness of Indian chemical producers in global markets.
2. Enhance the Budget Allocation to the Industrial Sector
Odisha’s budgetary allocation to the industrial sector remains among the lowest
in the country, underscoring a sharp contrast with the higher allocations made
by more industrialised states. This limited investment constrains the state’s ability
to create robust infrastructure, provide fiscal incentives, and support innovation-
driven growth in key industries. By increasing its budgetary focus on industrial
development, Odisha can accelerate the creation of sector-specific clusters,
strengthen downstream linkages, and attract greater private investment, thereby
positioning itself more competitively in the national industrial landscape. 133 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Indicative location of proposed projects
Figure 14.1:Indicative location of proposed projects in chemical sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 134 135 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
15
Agriculture &
Allied Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 136
Agriculture & Allied Sector
The agriculture and allied sectors play a vital role in the national economy, serving as
one of the largest sources of employment and livelihood. Despite this, agriculture does
not feature in the urban-focused growth model.
Figure 15.1 Agriculture is one of the key economic contributors to California
Global experience, however, demonstrates the value of integrating agriculture into
broader economic strategies. For instance, California, which is one of the world’s
largest and most dynamic economies, has embedded agriculture within its growth
framework, enabling the state to emerge as a global leader in agri-exports.
Building on global best practices and the region’s untapped potential, agriculture and
allied activities have been identified as a key growth driver for BCPPER. With targeted
interventions, the sector can anchor balanced and inclusive development, serving
as a pillar of food security, a foundation for rural economic growth, a bridge that
strengthens urban–rural linkages and a key measure to curb distress migration. It is in
this context that agriculture has been positioned as a growth driver in the Economic
Plan for BCPPER. 137 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
15.1 Sectoral Snapshot
India stands out amongst major economies in terms of agriculture’s contribution
to GDP and employment. Yet, agricultural productivity and the share of global
exports remain relatively low compared to other leading agri-producing nations.
In Odisha, agriculture and allied activities are central to the economy, supporting
nearly 60% of the population, employing 49% of the workforce, and contributing
18.9% to the state’s GVA
85
. However, existing cropping patterns are highly
concentrated, with cereals and pulses accounting for ~74% of the GCA, of which
paddy alone covers ~45%
86
. Average productivity also lags behind the national
average and neighbouring states such as Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal
87
. On
the positive side, the state government has actively promoted agri-tech adoption
to modernise farming practices, enhance productivity, and support smallholder
farmers; initiatives that have already delivered encouraging results on the ground.
In this context, BCPPER is uniquely positioned, with inherent strengths and
specialities that provide distinct advantages, even as it contends with its own set
of challenges.
Table 15.1: Oppotunities and Challenges of Agriculture Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
Cuttack
• Major hub for rice, jute, and sugarcane
farming.
• Transitioning into a Smart Agricultural
District with digital and climate-smart
initiatives.
• Growing focus on floriculture,
especially gladiolus and roses.
Khordha
• Major rice hub with strong
horticulture.
• Irrigation improvements to tackle
erratic rainfall.
• Growing floriculture potential for
marigold & tuberose
• Aquaculture from Chilika & shrimp
processing plants.
Post-Harvest Losses
• Lack of cold storage causes major
losses: Khordha (18), Cuttack (13), Puri
(11), Jagatsinghpur (6) defunct units.
Low Productivity
• Paddy: Below national average due
to low seed replacement, outdated
methods.
• Pulses: Weather shocks, no high-yield
varieties.
• Jute: Declining demand, competition
from synthetics.
Lack of Market Access & Technology Gap
• Inadequate food-processing
technology.
• Shortage of skilled workforce.
85 Odisha Economic Survey 2024-25 (2025): Government of Odisha
86 Odisha Agriculture Statistics 2023-24 (2024): Department of Agriculture & Farmers’ Empowerment
87 Odisha Agriculture Statistics 2019-20 (2020): Department of Agriculture & Farmers’ Empowerment Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 138
Jagatsinghpur
• Agriculture-driven economy focused
on paddy (Kharif) & green gram
(Rabi).
• Diverse soil types and high rainfall
support multiple crops.
• Strong brackish water aquaculture
with growing shrimp & crab farming.
Puri
• Major rice, vegetable, and jute farming
hub.
• Expanding irrigation for higher
productivity.
• Growing demand for organic crops &
floriculture (lotus, hibiscus, marigold).
Untapped potential for Aquaculture
• Puri & Jagatsinghpur’s brackish
waters are underutilised;
• Shrimp/crab farming hit by disease
and lack of hatcheries.
• Cold chain/storage gaps cause fish
spoilage.
Aquaculture & Industry Support
• Shortage of quality shrimp seed; Poor
value addition & cold chain.
• Limited private investment & high
tariffs; Harbours not upgraded to EU/
HACCP norms.
• No insurance for crops/vessels.
15.2 The Approach: A Tech-led Strategy for Transitioning to Modern and Sustainable
Agriculture in BCPPER
The EP proposes the following five-step, tech-driven approach to transition
BCPPER towards modern, sustainable, and competitive agriculture with a cluster-
based agri-development model, aligned with the overall strategic theme of port-
led growth at the core:
(i) Diversify the Existing Cropping Pattern
As mentioned earlier, the state’s agriculture sector currently shows high
commodity concentration, making diversification essential to enhance
resilience, improve farmer incomes, and tap into emerging markets. High-
value and export-oriented crops have been identified for large-scale cluster
development, including:
• Rice in Cuttack
• Coconut in Khordha & Puri
• Potato in Cuttack
• Floriculture (Marigold, Roses, Orchids) in Bhubaneswar
Alongside, smaller, localised clusters are proposed for niche crops such
as Mushroom (Bhubaneswar), Exotic Fruits (Khordha), and Amrut Anna
(Puri).
To further support diversification, the establishment of a seed village in
Cuttack is recommended, focusing on high-yielding, climate-resilient seed
varieties that strengthen both sustainability and crop diversity. 139 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(ii) Accelerate Farm Mechanisation
Enhancing farm mechanisation is critical to ensure timely and efficient
operations, reduce dependence on labour and improve overall resource-use
efficiency. Key recommendations include:
• Improving access for small and marginal farmers to affordable machinery.
• Promoting need-based and customised mechanisation tailored to local
conditions and demand.
• Encouraging R&D and local manufacturing to drive innovation and
sustainability in farm equipment.
(iii) Cluster Development with a Focus on Tech and Innovation
Crop-specific clusters are proposed to enable targeted interventions and
strengthen the entire value chain. Key considerations for selecting crops
for cluster development include considerations like the regional cropping
patterns and suitability, aligning production with market demand, promoting
high-value and export-oriented crops, diversifying into agri-processing,
fisheries, and horticulture, and replacing low-yield crops with higher-
efficiency alternatives.
The detailed architecture of the cluster-based ecosystem is presented in the
next section.
Figure 15.2: Cluster development with a focus on tech & innovation Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 140
(iv) Position BCPPER as East India’s Agri-Export Gateway
BCPPER is strategically positioned to drive India’s “Look East Policy” by
leveraging its unique endowments of:
- Port Infrastructure: An existing major port and two upcoming ports
provide direct access to Southeast Asian markets, key importers of
Indian agricultural products.
- Rich Hinterland: Access to diverse agricultural produce from Odisha
and neighbouring states, including Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and
West Bengal.
- Connectivity: Extensive existing and planned transport infrastructure
ensures smooth and efficient movement of goods.
Figure 15.3 explains key interventions proposed for transforming BCPPER
into India’s agri export gateway and also benchmarks them to global best
practices.
Figure 15.3: Recommended interventions for transforming BCPPER into India’s agri export gateway
(iii) Harness the Power of Digital Data for Future Farming & Drive Productivity
and ROI with Agri-Tech Solutions & Agri-Entrepreneurships
The strategic use of digital data is crucial for enabling smarter, sustainable,
and profitable agriculture. Odisha has emerged as a frontrunner in adopting
digital technologies in the sector. To accelerate this adoption, the state can
establish large-scale, state-led digital skills and advisory training, implement
mechanisms for end-to-end digitalisation and supply chain traceability,
and introduce targeted funding and incentives for rapid rural broadband
expansion.
Integrating agripreneurship with agri-tech offers a transformative pathway
for the agriculture and allied sectors. A subscription-based agri-tech model
is proposed to modernise farming at scale, providing low upfront costs, 141 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
continuous technical support, and flexible solutions tailored to specific
needs. Key use cases across different levels of the value chain are illustrated
in Figure 81.
Figure 15.4: Agri-tech for the complete value-chain
15.2.1 Driving Efficiency through a Cluster-Based Approach with Hub
(Processing Centres) and Spoke (Production Clusters) Architecture
Supported by an Enabling Ecosystem
Figure 15.5: Hub & spoke model for cluster development
The hub-and-spoke model for cluster-based agricultural development positions
crop-specific production clusters (spokes) around centralised processing facilities
(hubs) to boost efficiency and value chain integration.
- Spokes feature high-yield seeds, irrigation, soil testing, small-scale
processing, protected farming, and seed multiplication.
- Hubs provide processing units, cold storage, quality labs, packaging,
and crop-specific facilities. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 142
- R&D through centres of excellence, agritech hubs, and start-ups using
GPS, IoT, drones, AI, and data analytics act as enablers.
- Dedicated marketing channels connect clusters to domestic and
international markets, ensuring better returns.
Implementing this model involves establishing multiple crop-specific clusters,
upgrading the existing mega food park in Khordha to serve as the CPC, creating
a central R&D centre at OUAT, Bhubaneswar, and strengthening market access.
15.3 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Develop Four Crop-Specific Production Clusters and Upgrade the Mega Food
Park in Khordha to Serve as the CPC
Location: Non-basmati rice cluster inn Cuttack; Coconut cluster in Khordha & Puri;
Potato cluster in Cuttack; Floriculture cluster in Cuttack
Details:
Production Cluster:
• Set up seed production and multiplication units.
• Develop input hubs for fertilisers, bio-inputs, CHCs, and agri-advisory.
• Establish primary aggregation and storage centres.
Processing Cluster:
• Set up large-scale processing units for grading, pulping, milling, etc.
• Establish packhouses and cold storage with pre-cooling & ripening chambers.
Value Addition:
• Promote by-product utilisation (e.g., Coconut: Coir, shell powder, activated
carbon; Rice: Bran oil, husk briquettes).
• Set up logistics and distribution hubs linked to markets and ports.
2. Additional Recommendations to Accelerate Firm Mechanisation Initiatives
*Over and Above the Ongoing Schemes and Initiatives
Location: Across the region
Details:
Access & Infrastructure:
• Expand CHCs with mobile/satellite units to reach remote areas.
• Promote rental, leasing and pooling models so small farmers can afford modern
machines.
• Provide tiered subsidies and credit support, with higher benefits for small/
marginal & women farmers. 143 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Capacity & Innovation:
• Organise training & certification for operators, including women and youth.
• Support local innovation in small-scale machines suited to Odisha’s varied terrain
and crops.
• Partner with universities/start-ups for climate-smart and precision mechanisation
(e.g., sensor-based tools, drones).
Policy & Digital Governance:
• Implement monitoring frameworks to measure impact (productivity, cost savings,
farmer satisfaction).
• Incentivise sustainable mechanisation (energy-efficient, soil-friendly machines).
3. Establish a Seed Village under the Beej Gram Yojana, GoI
Location: Utkrushta Beej Gram (seed village) in Cuttack
Details:
• Identify 1–2 villages, each with at least 50 farmers, with a compact, uniform,
contiguous area.
• Set up a seed distribution facility with subsidy support.
• Conduct training on seed production protocols.
• Set up village-level or cluster-level processing units with a grading & certification
facility.
• Provide seed storage infrastructure, quality control & monitoring and conduct
regular awareness drives.
4. Establish Agri-Export Terminals at 2 Sea Ports
Location: Establish dedicated agri-export terminals at Astaranga & Jatadhar Muha
port
Details:
• Establish dedicated agri berths and container handling zone.
• Set up agri warehousing and storage facilities.
• Establish an integrated cold chain zone.
• Set up an agri-frieght consolidation hub.
• Develop multimodal connectivity infrastructure among ICDs, agri clusters, and
mandis.
• Establish a single-window export facilitation centre (customs, DGFT, plant
quarantine, and APEDA).
• Set up final processing and packaging zone. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 144
5. Projects and Interventions for Agri-Export Training & Promotion & Promote
Agripreneurship and Agritech-As-A-Service Model
Location: Establish OUAT as the CoE for agri-export training and promotion
Details:
• OUAT to serve as a nodal knowledge and facilitation hub with satellite training
centres.
• Set up incubation and mentoring hubs at OUAT for agri-export enterprises.
• Set up district-level agripreneurship hubs as satellite incubators linked to OUAT.
• Train FPOs and farmers on key export standards and practices.
• Set up regional export facilitation desks.
• Market promotion and branding activities.
• Launch mobile agri clinics and e-advisory platforms.
• Introduce a digital agriculture innovation fund and state-level agritech challenges
and innovation competitions.
Figure 15.6: Indicative location of proposed projects 145 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
16
Promoting
Fisheries and
Allied Sectors Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 146
16.1 Promoting Fisheries and Allied Sectors to Unlock Blue Economy Potential
Odisha, with its long coastline of 575 km, rich inland water resources, and extensive
brackishwater and marine ecosystems, is among India’s foremost maritime
states. The state holds immense untapped potential to expand both capture and
culture fisheries, contributing significantly to the growth of the blue economy.
By strategically harnessing these resources, Odisha can substantially enhance
fish production to cater to rising domestic demand, boost seafood exports,
and generate large-scale employment and income opportunities, particularly
for coastal communities. Strengthening the fisheries and allied sectors will not
only improve food and nutritional security but also position Odisha as a national
leader in sustainable and inclusive blue growth.
(i) Current Production Trends:
Odisha has witnessed strong growth in
fish production over recent years. Between
2018-19 and 2022-23, total fish production
rose from about 7.59 LMT to 10.52 LMT,
reflecting roughly a 40% increase. It now
ranks fourth among Indian states in overall
fish production. Freshwater production
dominates the sector, accounting for
approximately 66% of the total catch in
2022-23, with brackishwater and marine
sources contributing around 14% and 20%
respectively.
88
BCPPER is a significant constituent of Odisha’s fisheries economy,
integrating substantial inland aquaculture potential with significant marine
and estuarine resources. The coastal districts of Jagatsinghpur and Puri
account for a major share of marine landings, whereas Cuttack and Khordha
contribute predominantly to inland fish production through well-developed
networks of ponds, reservoirs, and community tanks. Collectively, the region
plays a pivotal role in sustaining both capture and culture fisheries, thereby
reinforcing Odisha’s position as a leading maritime state.
(ii) Proposed and Approved Projects:
GoI, through its flagship scheme Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada
Yojana (PMMSY), and the Fisheries & Animal Resources Development
Department, GoO, have been implementing multiple projects to strengthen
the fisheries sector in the region. In this context, the following sections
present recommendations aimed at enhancing both the effectiveness
and operational relevance of these initiatives, ensuring that they deliver
maximum impact and are aligned with the objectives of sustainable growth
and inclusive development in Odisha’s fisheries economy.
88 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
Figure 16.1: Fish production
potentials in BCPPER 147 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 16.2: Sanctioned & ongoing projects under PMMSY
(iii) Key Infrastructure Gaps in Odisha’s Fisheries & Aquaculture Sector
Despite Odisha’s rapid growth in fish production, critical infrastructure gaps
continue to constrain the full potential of the fisheries and aquaculture sector.
The major gaps are highlighted in Figure 16.3.
89
The Plan aims to address these
gaps to ensure sustainable expansion, improved livelihoods, and stronger
integration with the blue economy framework.
Figure 16.3: Key infrastructure gaps in Odisha’s fisheries & aquaculture sector
89 Shared by Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, GoI Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 148
16.2 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Establish an Integrated Aquapark*
GoI has approved one Integrated Aqua Park under PMMSY in Sambalpur and may
take up another Aqua Park based on the success of the pilot
Location: Jagatsinghapur
Details:
Seed and grow-out infrastructure:
• Establish hatchery and seed infrastructure units.
• Set up grow-out culture systems with pond-based farming systems, and cage
culture systems in reservoirs.
Health management and monitoring:
• Set up aquatic animal health and disease management centres with diagnostic
labs, mobile vet services, and disease surveillance units.
• Deploy IoT-based farm monitoring systems.
Post-harvest and processing infrastructure:
• Establish post-harvest handling and logistics facilities with ice plants, insulated
fish boxes, and refrigerated transport units.
• Set up fish and shrimp processing plants.
• Develop integrated cold storage infrastructure with cold rooms, blast freezing,
flake ice units, and pre-chilling stations.
2. Hygienic Fish Markets under PMMSY for a Safe & Resilient Value Chain*
Additional recommendations for the GoI sanctioned project for the construction
of the state-of-the-art wholesale fish market
Location: Pandra, Bhubaneswar
Details:
Market Infrastructure:
• Establish covered auction halls.
• Set up loading/unloading bays with on-site ice plants and ice production units
and insulated fish boxes.
• Develop integrated cold storage and pre-chill facilities and blast-freezing
capacity.
Quality & Safety Management:
• Set up quality control and diagnostic labs & FSSAI/NABL-accredited testing
facilities on-site for microbial, histamine, and residue analysis.
• Establish waste management and sanitation systems with hygiene facilities.
IEC & Branding:
• Run promotional campaigns under unified identities (e.g., “Certified Hygienic
Fish Market”). 149 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3. Mega Seafood Park*
Additional recommendations for GoI approved construction of the mega seafood
park
Location: Deras, Khurda
Details:
Upstream & Production Linkages:
• Strengthen backward linkages with fishermen and farmers
Processing & Value Addition:
• Provide infrastructure support for filleting, marination, IQF, ready-to-cook, &
speciality products
Facilities & Export Logistics:
• Install pre-cooling units, blast freezers, cold storage, and reefer-truck docking
bays
• Create direct linkages to nearby sea port terminals, including container yard
plug-points
• Deploy a digital export traceability platform and integrate with MPEDA
traceability standards
Standards, Labs, & Facilitation:
• Build export certification and testing labs in partnership with MPEDA/EIA
• Create an export-focused training centre at Deras for capacity building in
HACCP, SPS compliance, traceability systems, and international standards
B. Policy Prescriptions
Policy Name (reference policy, if any)
Focus Areas: The Odisha Fisheries Policy 2015, prioritises food security, livelihoods,
and employment, but requires significant updates to align with the National Fisheries
Policy, 2020 and international standards.
• Weak Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS): Establish a robust MCS
framework with vessel tracking, gear registration, licensing reforms, and
integration with Coast Guard/Marine Police for IUU prevention.
• Formal Mechanism for Hatchery Accreditation and Seed Certification: Enforce
hatchery registration, quality control protocols, and seed certification standards
aligned with national guidelines to ensure availability of disease-free, genetically
sound stock.
• Gender Equity and Social Protection: Introduce gender-inclusive policies with
dedicated programs for fisherwomen, insurance schemes, safety nets, and
targeted capacity-building. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 150
• Digital Infrastructure and Spatial Planning Tools: Leverage GIS for aquaculture
zonation, carrying capacity assessments, and introduce digital platforms for
licensing, extension services, and farmer support.
• Blue Economy and Marine Spatial Planning Concepts: Align Odisha’s marine
strategy with Blue Economy principles, including marine spatial planning,
sustainable tourism, and integrated coastal zone management.
Figure 16.4: Indicative location of proposed projects 151 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
17
Sustainability &
Disaster Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 152
17.1 Introduction
The EP envisions accelerating GDP growth through targeted interventions while
safeguarding Odisha’s heritage, religious identity, environment and local culture.
This approach aligns with the Odisha state’s Vision 2047, which rests on a strong
foundation of cultural richness, natural abundance, and human capital. Industrial
and service sector expansion will be pursued alongside robust ecological
safeguards to ensure balanced development.
It further aspires to position Odisha as a national leader in climate adaptation,
resilience, and disaster preparedness, embedding these priorities within the
framework of economic growth. All proposed growth drivers have been designed
with environmental safeguards and sustainable practices in place. While taking
note of the ambitious target set in this Plan to expand the economy of BCPPER by
nearly 23 times, from US$ 22.4 Bn to US$ 500 Bn by 2047, this chapter highlights
strategies to ensure growth does not come at the cost of rising pollution,
unmanaged waste, environmental degradation, or negative health impacts.
Odisha State Sustainability Strategy
Odisha’s Vision 2036 and 2047 outlines a set of sustainability strategies that will
guide long-term development. These strategies, which will also be localised for
BCPPER, include:
(i) Energy: Achieving over 80% penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and
ensuring more than 70% of energy comes from renewable sources by 2047,
as part of the state’s urban development strategy.
(ii) Air Quality: Reducing the state’s average Air Quality Index (AQI), currently
100–120, to below 80 by 2029, below 50 by 2036, and below 20 by 2047.
(iii) Water Resources: Building on initiatives such as the ‘Drink from Tap’ program,
which has already benefited 1.2 Mn people, the state aims to achieve 90%
household access to piped water by 2029 and universal coverage by 2036.
(iv) Land Use: Redeveloping eight brownfield cities, including Paradeep, while
mandating the integration of blue (water systems) and green (parks and
vegetation) infrastructure into city planning.
(v) Biodiversity & Ecosystems: Developing a biodiversity hub in line with
National Green Tribunal (NGT) norms, with projects such as the Mahanadi
waterfront in Cuttack designed to combine ecological sustainability with
the promotion of local culture.
(vi) Climate Change Risks: Addressing the high vulnerability of coastal cities to
cyclones and floods through resilience-building measures.
(vii) Waste Management: Targeting 100% treatment of solid waste and
wastewater by 2047.
17.2 Climate Vulnerability in BCPPER
The region is confronted with complex sustainability challenges arising from
its coastal geography, accelerated urbanisation, rapid industrial growth, and 153 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
pronounced vulnerability to climate change. Utilising a range of datasets, including
Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and
Urban Transformation (AMRUT), historical disaster records from the Odisha
State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA), climate datasets from the
World Resources Institute (WRI), and spatial analyses such as multi-hazard
maps as presented in Figure 17.1. This section systematically evaluates critical
environmental and resilience indicators. The assessment identifies trends in
climate risks, temperature variability, biodiversity, water resources, flood hazards,
and air quality, thereby providing an evidence-based understanding of the
region’s exposure to extreme weather events and mounting resource stresses.
Figure 17.1: Multi hazard map of four districts of BCPPER Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 154
Cyclone Vulnerability
According to OSDMA’s multi-hazard maps, the region is highly susceptible to
cyclones, floods, and storm surges. Bhubaneswar faces an elevated cyclone
risk, with a Climate Action Plan under preparation to strengthen resilience.
Cuttack is exposed to both cyclone and flood hazards, supported by OSDMA-led
preparedness measures. Puri, due to its coastal location, faces severe cyclone
and storm surge risks, while Paradeep’s vulnerable coastline further amplifies
these threats.
Between 1891 and 2024, Odisha experienced over 100 cyclones. Proactive
interventions by OSDMA have been instrumental in reducing disaster impacts,
achieving a nearly 99% reduction in casualties between the 1999 Super Cyclone
and Cyclone Fani in 2019. However, extreme wind speeds associated with cyclones
over the past three decades have significantly affected coastal stretches along
Konark, Puri, and Paradeep. Analysis undertaken by WRI indicates that nearly
63.2% of the population within BCPPER remains highly vulnerable to cyclone
risks, with almost the entire Jagatsinghpur district falling within this zone.
Figure 17.2: Left- historic cyclone map from 1891 to 2020 & Right -
Extreme wind speed map; Source: WRI analysis
Odisha is the first state in India to establish a last-mile early warning system for
disseminating critical disaster-related information. Nearly 1,200 villages across
all coastal districts now receive cyclone and tsunami alerts through sirens and
mass messaging. This system, supported by watchtowers at over 120 coastal
locations, forms the backbone of the state’s disaster preparedness framework.
Complementing this, OSDMA has developed more than 800 multi-purpose cyclone
shelters and constructed evacuation roads along the coastline. Community-level
resilience is further reinforced through village-level Disaster Management Plans
implemented across the state.
Extreme Rainfall Vulnerability
Odisha experiences recurrent floods and droughts, largely driven by erratic
and uneven rainfall patterns, placing additional stress on water management 155 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
and disaster preparedness systems
90
. India Meteorological Department (IMD)
classifies rainfall above 64.5 mm/day as heavy to extremely heavy, and analysis of
2000–2021 data highlights frequent extreme events across the state. Southwest
and western Odisha receive the highest rainfall, with over 150 extremely rainy days
recorded. Trend analysis indicates that the number of extreme rainfall days has
more than doubled, rising from 42 in 1991–2000 to 74 in 2001–2013, underscoring
the increasing risk of flood disasters.
Figure 17.3: Maximum 24-hour accumulated rainfall between 2000-2021;
Data source WRI analysis from ERA 5
Extreme Temperature:
• Maximum Air Temperature: The IMD defines heat waves as extreme
temperature conditions when coastal areas record ≥37°C, plains ≥40°C, or
when deviations exceed +4.5°C from normal levels (Figure 17.4). Odisha has
witnessed a sharp increase in the frequency of heat waves, rising from five
heatwave days (with the longest spell lasting three days) in 2021 to thirty-
seven heatwave days (with eighteen days) in 2024. This escalating trend
highlights intensifying risks to human health and underscores the need for
robust heat management strategies.
90 Odisha Climate Budget 2023-24 (2024): Finance Department; Government of Odisha, 2023 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 156
• Land Surface Temperature (Nighttime): Odisha aims to mitigate urban heat
stress by enhancing green cover and promoting sustainable infrastructure
planning, as urban heat island effects intensify particulate matter retention in
high-traffic zones. Data from 2001 to 2021 indicates a steady rise in nighttime
land surface temperatures (LST) (refer Figure 17.4), with an increase of
nearly 1°C between 1990 and 2005. Decreasing vegetative cover and rapid
construction associated with urbanisation are some of the factors contributing
to this trend. Higher LST and urban heat island values are particularly evident
along riverside sandbars, further exacerbating localised heat stress.
• Universal Thermal Comfort Index (2005–2025): The Universal Thermal
Comfort Index reflects an increasing incidence of warm nights compared
to warm days, creating heightened risks for public health and livelihoods.
Rising temperature and humidity levels are amplifying heat stress, while
longer heatwave spells further compound discomfort. The index consistently
indicates conditions of extreme thermal stress, contributing to heat-related
illnesses and mortality (refer Figure 17.4). Mitigation strategies addressing
human health, mortality, and climate-induced migration, alongside integrated
socioeconomic policy planning, are becoming increasingly critical for Odisha.
Figure 17.4 : From left to right - Land surface temperature nighttime, Maximum air temperature
& Universal thermal comfort index. Data source: WRI analysis
Groundwater Depletion
Monsoon rainfall is the primary source of groundwater recharge in Odisha,
contributing 58.24% of the total annual recharge. Combined rainfall (monsoon
and non-monsoon) accounts for 66.89%, while the remaining 33.11% is derived
from canal seepage, return flows from irrigation, and recharge from tanks, ponds,
and water conservation structures, as shown in Figure 17.5.
Groundwater conditions vary significantly across districts in the BCPPER,
with challenges of both stress and salinity. While Cuttack is considered safe
for extraction, the Bhubaneswar block in Khordha exhibits semi-critical stress
levels. Jagatsinghpur and Puri face widespread salinity issues that undermine
groundwater usability for agriculture and domestic purposes. District-wise
information is given below
91
:
91 Dynamic Ground water resource of Odisha, Directorate of Ground water development, Government of Odisha; 2025 157 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Cuttack: Net annual extractable groundwater is 690.58 MCM, with extraction at
324.63 MCM. All 14 blocks are categorised as safe, with a Stage of Groundwater
Extraction (SOGWE) of 47.01%.
• Jagatsinghpur: Extractable groundwater is 452.34 MCM, with extraction at
266.57 MCM. The Ersama block is fully affected by salinity, while three others,
Balikuda, Kujang, and Nuagaon, are partially affected.
• Khordha: The Bhubaneswar block records 88.66% groundwater utilisation,
classifying it as semi-critical, whereas the Banapur block shows the lowest
utilisation at 42.89%.
• Puri: Extractable fresh groundwater stands at 596.44 MCM, with extraction at
322.96 MCM. All 11 blocks in the district are partially affected by salinity.
Figure 17.5: Groundwater condition in BCPPER; WRI Analysis with India
groundwater tool and Central groundwater board as data source
Meteorological Drought Probability
Despite Odisha’s abundant water resources, 20 out of 30 districts face seasonal
or perennial water stress due to rapid urbanisation, unregulated groundwater Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 158
extraction, and uneven distribution of surface water bodies
92
. In BCPPER, the
IMD categorises drought probability risk as low; however, localised vulnerabilities
persist, particularly in Puri district, where nearly 28% of the population remains
exposed to drought risk, reflecting the uneven nature of water stress across the
region.
Figure 17.6: Drought probability map, WRI Analysis
Air Pollution Particulate Matter 2.5
The average AQI in Odisha ranges between 100–120, with reduction targets set
under the Odisha Vision Document to below 80 by 2029, below 50 by 2036,
and below 20 by 2047. Preliminary assessments highlight vehicular emissions,
road dust, and construction activities as major contributors to air pollution in
Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. Analysis of PM 2.5 concentrations between 1998 and
2021 indicates that most areas consistently exceed the CPCB’s permissible annual
limit of 40 µg/m
3
, underscoring persistent air quality challenges across the state.
The map in Figure 17.7 shows the maximum annual average PM 2.5 concentration
in the study period for each grid.
92 Odisha Vision Plan 2036 & 2047 159 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 17.7: PM 2.5 concentration map, WRI analysis
Eco-sensitive Areas
BCPPER constitutes one of India’s most ecologically diverse and sensitive regions,
where unregulated development poses a significant threat to natural systems.
The EP, therefore, proposes that built-up activity in these zones is restricted to
safeguard biodiversity and maintain ecological balance. From the nesting grounds
of endangered sea turtles to the Mahanadi floodplains and the vast expanse of
Chilika Lake, the area hosts ecosystems critical to Odisha’s biodiversity, climate
resilience, and long-term sustainability, as indicated in Figure 17.8 and given below.
• Khordha: Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandankanan Zoological
Park
• Cuttack: Mahanadi River floodplains & wetlands, Ansupa Lake
• Jagatsinghpur: Jatadhari River estuary & mangroves, coastal mangrove
patches near Paradip, turtle nesting beaches, wetlands.
• Puri: Chilika Lake, Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary, turtle nesting beaches
(Ramchandi, Astaranga coast), coastal dunes. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 160
Figure 17.8: Ecological sensitive zones
17.3 Proposed Interventions for the Region
To address various climate vulnerabilities and ecological safeguarding, the EP
recommends the following proposals.
(i) Climate Resilience and Disaster Preparedness
• Embed resilient infrastructure standards in all new urban and industrial
projects. Given that Odisha has faced over 100 cyclones since 1891,
designs must integrate cyclone wind speeds, storm surge heights, and
multi-hazard risks. Adoption of resilient building codes can reduce
disaster losses by up to 40%, as per NDMA estimates.
• Expand early warning dissemination systems to achieve 100% last-mile
coverage. While 1,200 villages already receive alerts, coverage should be
universal, with mobile-based alerts, multilingual content, and community
radio. Global evidence shows early warning reduces mortality by over
80% in cyclone-prone regions. 161 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Strengthen natural buffers such as mangroves, wetlands, and dunes.
Coastal mangroves in Odisha reduce storm surge impacts by up to
60%, yet degradation has left areas like Jagatsinghpur highly exposed.
Restoration through MGNREGS and CSR can enhance both resilience
and local livelihoods.
(ii) Water Security and Resource Management
• Adopt integrated water resource management to address uneven
availability. While rainfall accounts for 66.9% of groundwater recharge,
20 of 30 districts face seasonal or perennial stress. District-level water
balance studies should guide regulation of withdrawals and allocation.
• Promote wastewater reuse and recycling, drawing from Gujarat’s
urban-to-industry circularity model. Industries in Paradeep and Khordha
could use treated sewage from Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, reducing
dependence on freshwater. Gujarat’s model has cut industrial freshwater
demand by 30–40%.
• Establish salinity mitigation programs in Jagatsinghpur and Puri, where
all blocks are salinity-affected, and plausible solutions like recharge wells,
rainwater harvesting, and controlled abstraction need to be considered.
Salinity-free zones would directly benefit agriculture, which supports
over 50% of rural livelihoods.
• Implement decentralised flood management by restoring urban tanks,
ponds, and water retention basins. With extreme rainfall days doubling
from 42 (1991–2000) to 74 (2001–2013), such measures are critical to
mitigate waterlogging and urban flooding.
(iii) Clean Air and Urban Environment
• Operationalise NCAP action plans in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack with
measurable PM2.5 reduction targets. Current average AQI levels (100–
120) exceed CPCB limits (40 µg/m3 annual for PM2.5). Clear targets,
below 80 by 2029 and below 20 by 2047, should guide interventions.
• Expand green urban infrastructure by mandating roadside plantations,
rooftop gardens, and dedicated green belts. Evidence from Indian cities
shows urban greening can lower PM2.5 levels by up to 10% and reduce
nighttime land surface temperatures by 1–1.5°C.
• Adopt clean construction guidelines across all ULBs, building on Odisha’s
2025 RMC plant guidelines. Dust suppression and regulated siting will
reduce construction-related pollution, a key source in Bhubaneswar and
Cuttack.
• Strengthen public health surveillance by linking air quality monitoring
with Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI) data under the State Action Plan on
Climate Change and Human Health (2022–2027). This will help quantify
health costs, which currently represent 1–2% of GDP nationally. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 162
(iii) Biodiversity and Eco-sensitive Zone Protection
• Declare no-build and restricted development zones in areas such as
Chilika Lake, Mahanadi floodplains, and turtle nesting beaches. Limiting
built-up in these zones preserves ecosystems that; provide flood control,
fisheries, and tourism revenues worth an estimated ₹1,500 crore annually.
• Promote integrated land-use planning to secure wildlife corridors and
reduce human-animal conflict. With 10 elephant corridors identified for
restoration, coordinated land-use controls are essential to balance urban
growth with conservation.
• Leverage eco-tourism and cultural tourism models in Chilika, Konark,
and mangrove areas. Globally, eco-tourism generates 20–30% higher
per capita local income compared to mass tourism, offering Odisha a
sustainable growth pathway.
• Mandate ecological offset policies requiring industries near sensitive
zones (e.g., Paradeep petrochemical belt) to finance mangrove restoration
and wetland protection. Offsets ensure industries internalise ecological
costs, aligning with NGT principles.
(iv) Heat Stress and Public Health Adaptation
• Develop a regional Heat Action Plan covering Khordha, Cuttack, Puri,
and Jagatsinghpur. With heatwave days rising from 5 in 2021 to 37 in
2024, early warning systems, designated cooling centres, and workplace
advisories are essential.
• Mandate heat-resilient building codes that incorporate reflective roofs,
passive cooling, and ventilation. Retrofitting programs could lower
indoor heat stress by 2–3°C, reducing heat-related illness cases.
• Expand blue-green infrastructure by creating shaded corridors,
restoring water bodies, and developing urban forests. Studies show
such infrastructure can reduce local land surface temperature by 1–2°C,
mitigating the urban heat island effect.
• Invest in community health awareness programs, especially for children,
the elderly, and outdoor workers. Odisha could adopt Ahmedabad’s Heat
Action Plan model, which reduced heatwave mortality by 30% in its first
decade.
For mitigation and adaptation measures based on this please refer Annexure
II. 163 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
18
Quality of Life
and Liveability Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 164
18.1 Snapshot
“Quality of Life and Liveability” is one of the three core pillars of the G-Hub
Framework, focusing on translating economic growth into measurable and
equitable improvements in citizens’ well-being. This pillar emphasises the
creation of inclusive, resilient, and sustainable urban environments that enhance
accessibility, health, safety, and social cohesion. The recommendations of the
Economic Plan for BCPPER are built upon the strategic priorities outlined in
Odisha Vision 2047, which envisions the state as “a land of opportunity and
prosperity, leveraging its natural assets and cultural heritage to ensure that every
citizen can lead a better, healthier, and happier life”.
BCPPER, home to nearly 17% of Odisha’s population and contributing
approximately 19% of the State’s GDP, serves as the principal anchor of Odisha’s
urban and economic landscape. The region demonstrates significant potential
for enhancing liveability and economic competitiveness, while also facing distinct
developmental challenges.
• Opportunities: The region benefits from strong institutional capacities, a
growing services sector, and progressive initiatives in housing, healthcare,
education, and sustainable infrastructure. The integration of smart systems
and regional transport networks is further strengthening accessibility,
connectivity, and service delivery across the region.
• Challenges: Rapid urbanisation has led to rising congestion in Bhubaneswar
and Cuttack, limited access to basic urban services in peri-urban areas, low
public transport modal share (around 8%), and a persistent shortage of
affordable housing. Additionally, the region’s coastal location heightens its
vulnerability to cyclones and flooding, underscoring the need for enhanced
climate resilience and disaster preparedness.
These dynamics highlight the need to move from sectoral interventions to a
convergent, citizen-centric framework that improves both access and quality of
urban life.
18.2 Approach: Integrating Liveability with Growth Drivers
The liveability agenda in BCPPER is not a standalone sectoral target but an
integrated outcome of coordinated action across sectors. This chapter aligns
with the sectoral recommendations of the growth drivers while proposing new
and complementary interventions to enhance urban experience, safety, inclusivity,
and sustainability.
• Housing and Real Estate: Expanding the supply of affordable and serviced
housing, supported by industrial township models and land value capture
mechanisms, will promote inclusive and well-planned urbanisation.
• Transport and Mobility: Establishing a seamless regional mobility network
integrating road, rail, and public transport systems will decongest urban cores
and strengthen connectivity between major cities and emerging economic
nodes. 165 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Health and Education: Developing sector-focused education corridors,
skilling hubs, and Edu-SEZs will expand social infrastructure and reinforce the
region’s human capital base.
• Environment and Resilience: Implementing coastal protection measures,
blue-green infrastructure, and renewable energy initiatives will enhance the
region’s sustainability, resilience, and environmental security.
• Governance and Service Delivery: Advancing institutional reforms through
the Economic Region Development Authority (ERDA) and expanding
Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCCs) will strengthen data-driven
governance and responsive service delivery across the region.
18.3 Proposed Interventions for Liveability
Projects
1. Climate Action and Urban Greening
• Low Emission and Clean Air Zones (LEZs): Designate LEZs in high-density
areas to curb emissions and improve air quality.
• Urban Green Corridors: Develop interconnected blue-green networks along
rivers, canals, and open spaces to manage flood risks and enhance recreation.
• Nature-Based Solutions (NbS): Integrate NbS for stormwater management,
coastal resilience, and heat mitigation in urban planning.
2. Public Spaces and Connectivity
• Complete Streets Policy: Adopt design standards for pedestrian-friendly,
inclusive, and universally accessible streets with integrated utilities.
• Urban Infrastructure on Tender SURE Model: Implement coordinated road
and utility development standards to improve safety and maintenance.
• Placemaking and Cultural Landscape Projects: Revitalise temple precincts,
waterfronts, and heritage corridors to strengthen local identity and community
life.
3. Housing and Sustainable Development
• Green Building Practices: Promote energy-efficient designs, local materials,
and water-sensitive construction Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 166
4. Governance and Monitoring
• Regional Liveability Index: Establish measurable indicators across air quality,
accessibility, housing, open space, and safety.
• Integrated Urban Observatory: Expand ICCC networks into a regional platform
for environmental, mobility, and utility data integration.
Collectively, these measures will position BCPPER as a model for integrated
regional development where economic growth and liveability are mutually
reinforcing. By strengthening sectoral investments and improving the built
environment, environmental quality, and overall well-being, BCPPER will drive
Odisha’s urban transformation and emerge as a preferred destination for skilled
talent, innovative enterprises, and sustainable long-term investment. 167 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
19
Conclusion:
A Blueprint for Regional
Transformation Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 168
19.1 Conclusion
Hon’ble Prime Minister, while addressing the celebrations of 20 years of Gujarat’s
urban growth story, had observed that “Urban areas are our growth centres, we
will have to make urban bodies growth centres of economy. ” Urban regions have
historically been at the forefront of development, driving progress, innovation,
and prosperity. And their critical role in shaping national growth will only intensify
in the coming decades.
To harness the full potential of India’s urban economy, it is essential to develop
long-term strategic plans that are anchored in economic growth, with locally
grounded solutions, and an inclusive, holistic approach. The Economic Plan for
BCPPER is one such example, a forward-looking roadmap for a city-region that
not only considers the aggregated impact of the regional economy but also
brings the economic growth model to the centre of urban planning.
Aligned with the national and state visions of Viksit Bharat@2047 and Viksit
Odisha@2047, the Economic Plan seeks to position the region as a key growth hub
of Eastern India through a structured framework comprising 89 sectoral projects
and 37 policy prescriptions with 4 dedicated economic zones. The plan focuses
on institutional reforms, regulatory facilitation, infrastructure development, and
sectoral strategies to ensure sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
This Economic Plan is not a static blueprint but a dynamic and adaptable
framework, designed to respond to evolving challenges, opportunities, and
aspirations. By striking a balance between ambition and practicality, and between
localisation and scalability, the Economic Plan for BCPPER provides a strategic
long-term framework that lays the foundation for sustained, inclusive, and future-
ready regional growth.
The projects are indicative in nature; while some are at various stages of
development, several new ones have been proposed. It will be necessary
to undertake feasibility studies and prioritise them based on demand and
complementarity. 169 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Project Team
Managing Urbanization Division- NITI Aayog
Team Lead
• Ms. Anna Roy, Principal Economic Adviser & Programme Director
Team Members
• Ms. Urmila, Director
• Mr. Arunava Dey, Research Officer
• Mr. Kaustubh Srivastava, Consultant
• Mr. Anchal Saxena, Consultant
• Mr. Akshat Thakore, Consultant
• Mr. Maudood Ahmad Karimi, Consultant
• Mr. Deepak Rana, Young Professional
• Ms. Swati Pradhan, Consultant
• Mr. Sandeep Gangala, Consultant Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 170
Annexure-I
Table 20.1: Anchor Institutions for Knowledge Corridors
Corridor Potential InstitutionsPotential Industry/Clusters
IT Corridor
(Bhubaneswar-Cuttack)
IIT Bhubaneswar, IIIT
Bhubaneswar, OUTR,
NISER, XIM University
GCCs (Infosys, TCS, Wipro,
Deloitte), IT parks in
Bhubaneswar & Cuttack
Maritime &
Manufacturing Corridor
(Paradip & Khordha)
IIT Bhubaneswar
(ocean engineering),
CIPET Bhubaneswar,
Engineering colleges in
Khordha/Cuttack
Paradip Port industries,
PCPIR (Paradip), Khordha
industrial clusters, MSMEs
Medical & Biotech
District (Cuttack-
Bhubaneswar)
AIIMS Bhubaneswar, SCB
Medical College, IMS &
SUM, SOA University
Biotech startups,
healthcare service
industry, pharma hubs
Agriculture & Marine
Corridor (Puri &
Jagatsinghpur)
OUAT, ICAR-CIFA
(Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture)
Agri-tech firms, food
processing industries, and
marine biology research
linked to Chilika & coastal
Puri
Heritage & Culture
Corridor (Puri)
Shri Jagannath
Sanskrit University,
Odia University, Utkal
University (heritage
studies)
Tourism operators, cultural
institutions, heritage
management firms
Annexure 171 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Annexure-II
Figure 20.1: List of projects in BCPPER located on the map
Mitigation and Adaptation Measures
The Economic Plan is built on a three-pillar framework focusing on balanced growth,
improved quality of life and inclusivity, and long-term sustainability. Under the sustainability
pillar, a detailed assessment of environmental risks and disaster resilience was conducted,
with key findings summarised in Section 17. Based on analyses of climate vulnerabilities,
resource depletion, and ecologically sensitive zones within the BCPPER, project-specific
mitigation strategies have been developed. These strategies are to be integrated into
project design and implementation as core elements of sustainable development.
S. No.
Projects
Covered
(Figure 20.1)
Key Environmental Risks
/ Focus Areas
High-Level Mitigation Strategies
i
All Tourism
Projects (Sr. No.
26–32)
Eco-sensitive zones,
biodiversity, waste
management
• Maintain 10 km buffer around
ESZs/protected areas.
• Avoid fragmentation of natural
corridors.
• Promote afforestation and soil
restoration using indigenous
species.
• Ensure community participation
in eco-tourism and conservation.
• Protect mangroves and
shoreline ecosystems.
• Enforce OSPCB norms for solid
and municipal waste, especially
near Chilika Lake. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 172
ii
Transport and
Ports Projects
(Sr. No. 18–20)
Marine ecology, pollution,
regulatory compliance
• Obtain MoEFCC/SEIAA
clearances with clean fuel and
low-emission design.
• Ensure CPCB-compliant water
and waste management.
• Zero waste dumping into natural
water bodies.
• Conduct marine ecology, CRZ,
and EIA impact studies with
state-level review.
iii
Paradip PCPIR
Projects (Sr. No.
10–16, 21–25)
Cyclones, floods, and
disaster resilience
• Early warning systems per
NIDM, with GIS tracking.
• Drone-based surveillance and
3D/4D data assimilation.
• Enforce structural codes (IS:875-
1987, IS:456-2000, IS:800-1984).
• Support community-based
adaptation and cyclone-
resistant housing.
iv
Dedicated
Industrial Belt
(Sr. No. 1, 14, 15,
26, 32, 34, 38)
Groundwater depletion,
heat stress
Groundwater Risk Management:
• Implement Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD).
• Install rainwater harvesting
systems.
• Reuse treated wastewater for
non-potable applications.
Heat Stress Mitigation:
• Use dry/hybrid cooling systems.
• Develop green cover and shaded
areas.
• Add vertical gardens and
rooftop greenery.
• Use reflective, permeable
pavements.
• Provide energy efficiency
incentives for industries. 173 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
v
All Coastal
Projects
beyond PCPIR
(Sr. No. 1, 5, 16,
17, 19, 20, 26,
29, 30, 31)
Flooding, cyclones, storm
surges, heat stress
• Build above surge levels with
resilient design standards.
• Maintain mangroves, dunes, and
wetlands as buffers.
• Use blue–green drainage
systems for stormwater.
• Strengthen early warning,
evacuation, and continuity
systems.
• Enhance heat and water security
through passive cooling and
reservoir rejuvenation.
vi
Projects within
Core City Limits
Air pollution, indoor air
quality, energy use
• Develop green and clean
infrastructure (urban forests,
vertical gardens).
• Adopt renewable energy and
EV-based transport.
• Install advanced air filtration in
all buildings.
• Implement continuous air
quality monitoring and public
disclosure. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 174
Annexure-III
Comparative Analysis of State Data Centre Policies in India (Deloitte Analysis)
State
Policy
Year
Incentives
Offered
Capacity
Targets
Power/Infra
Provision
Remarks
Maharashtra 2023
Capex subsidy,
dual-grid power,
stamp duty
exemption
700 MW
Strong
renewable
linkage
Benchmark
model
Tamil Nadu 2021
Land subsidy,
power tariff
benefit
200 MW
Designated
DC parks
Mature
policy
Gujarat 2022
Capital support,
100% stamp duty
exemption
4 MW Cluster-basedEarly stage
Odisha 2022
Limited
incentives via
IT Policy, lacks
a standalone
framework
NA
General infra
support
Needs
update 175 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Annexure-IV
TypeDistrict Name of City/Town
Municipal Corporation (2)
CuttackCuttack
KhordhaBhubaneswar
Municipality (6)
CuttackChoudwar
Jagatsinghapur Jagatsinghapur
JagatsinghapurParadip
KhordhaJatani
KhordhaKhordha
PuriPuri
Notified Area Council
(NAC*) (7)
CuttackAthagad
CuttackBanki
KhordhaBalugaon
KhordhaBanapur
PuriKonark
PuriNimapada
PuriPipili Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 176
Sector
No. of projects
MC/ M NAC Total
Agriculture303
Education & Skilling909
Fishery101
Integrated Transport202
IT & Innovation415
Manufacturing303
Ports347
Real Estate101
Textile, Handloom and
Handicraft
606
Tourism9918
Total411455
* A Notified Area Council (NAC) in Odisha is an urban local body created in towns
that are developing urban characteristics but are not yet large enough to be declared
municipalities. NACs serve as transitional urban administrative units and are empowered
to provide civic amenities and oversee development in fast-growing towns. 177 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Annexure-V
Details of Existing Projects - BCPPER
Project
Name
Location Brief Overview Timeline
Devel-
oped by
Implementing
Organization
Status of
Opera-
tion
Mahanadi
Riverfront
Project
Cuttack
Sabarmati-model
riverfront de-
velopment in
Cuttack, featur-
ing eco-tourism
zones, water
sports, cultural
festivals, and
flood-resilient
infrastructure
2025-
2026
(Phase I)
State
Housing &
Urban Devel-
opment Dept.,
Odisha
In Prog-
ress
Develop-
ment of
Puri Konark
Marine Drive
Beachfront
Chan-
drabagha,
Puri
Puri
Beachfront
structures, gym,
landscaping
2021-22 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress
PRASHAD:
Chausath
Yogini Tem-
ple
Hirapur,
Bhu-
baneswar
Infrastructure
development at
the 9th-century
Chausath Yogini
Temple in Hira-
pur (Khordha),
including pilgrim
amenities and
conservation
efforts.
2024-
2026
Centre
(Ministry
of Tour-
ism)
State Tourism
Dept. / Ar-
chaeological
Survey of India
(ASI)
In Prog-
ress
Redevel-
opment of
Astasambhu
Tourism
Corridor and
other tourist
places of
Niali Block
Cuttack
Redevelopment
of temples,
gates, complexes
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Develop-
ment of
Integrated
Craft Centre
at Raghura-
jpur in Puri
District
Puri
Craft centre,
electrification,
welcome gate
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Repair-Main-
tenance/
Value addi-
tion work of
Indigenous
Rural Tour-
ism Project
at Pipili, Puri
Puri
Tourist amenity,
crafts centre,
landscaping
2023-24 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 178
Project
Name
Location Brief Overview Timeline
Devel-
oped by
Implementing
Organization
Status of
Opera-
tion
Construction
of common
facilities
centre of
excellence
on Silver
Filigree, Cut-
tack
Cuttack
Construction,
façade lighting,
external develop-
ment
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Develop-
ment of
Mangala
River Side
Beach, Puri
Puri
Toilets, café,
yoga area, seat-
ing, landscaping
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Redevelop-
ment Work
at Blue Flag
Beach, Puri
Puri
Beach amenities,
café, yoga deck,
play area
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Extension
of Pres-
ervation/
Protection
of Coastline
and Beach
near Lotus
Resort/ Eco
Retreat at
Ramchandi,
Konark (286
mtr)
Puri
Embankment ex-
tension (286 m)
2023-24 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress
Construction
of Satakosia
Eco Tourism
in Cuttack
District
Cuttack
6 Eco-cottages,
Swimming Pools,
Landscaping, etc.
2018-19 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Construc-
tion of
Eco-Cottag-
es at Baliput
Satakosia
in Cuttack
District
Cuttack
Eco-cottages,
landscaping, tree
house, etc.
2022-23 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress 179 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Project
Name
Location Brief Overview Timeline
Devel-
oped by
Implementing
Organization
Status of
Opera-
tion
Infrastruc-
ture De-
velopment
Barabati
Fort at Cut-
tack
Cuttack
Welcome gate,
parking, bridge,
landscaping
2022-23 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Develop-
ment of Vis-
itor Centre
Complex at
Udayagiri &
Khandagiri,
Prohibited
Zone (Part-
1)
Khordha
Visitor centre,
plazas, prome-
nade
2021-22 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
PRASHAD:
Infrastruc-
ture Devel-
opment at
Puri
Puri
Holistic de-
velopment of
Puri’s spiritual
and tourism
infrastructure,
including Shree
Jagannath Dham,
beachfronts,
pilgrimage
routes, and waste
management
systems.
2015-On-
going
Centre
(Ministry
of Tour-
ism)
State Tour-
ism Dept. /
India Tourism
Development
Corporation
(ITDC)
In Prog-
ress
Integrated
Develop-
ment of Eka-
mra Kshetra
Bhu-
baneswar
Development
of temple areas,
plazas, and mar-
kets
2018-19 PWD PWD
In Prog-
ress
Develop-
ment of Maa
Mangala
Temple at
Kakatpur in
Puri District
Puri
Civil works,
electrification,
welcome gate
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Masterplan
for Destina-
tion Devel-
opment of
Bakulabana,
Satyabadi
District-Puri
(Phase -1)
Puri
Beautification,
plaza, pond,
landscaping
2022-23 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress 181 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
This document presents the Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-
Paradeep Economic
Region (BCPPER), outlining key growth drivers and a strategic roadmap up to 2047.
The analysis is based on publicly available data and inputs from the State Government,
supported by stakeholder consultations and preliminary market and spatial assessments.
Project costs, land requirements, and locations are indicative and provided for planning
purposes only. This document including the project proposals contained therein are
expected to evolve overtime as the situation and context changes, as well as based
on the detailed feasibility study undertaken by the implementing authorities. Maps
and spatial representations are prepared using secondary sources and are indicative,
not to scale. All images are sourced from open-access platforms or provided by State
Government and used for representational purposes only. Economic Plan for
Bhubaneswar-Cuttack
-Puri-Paradeep
Economic Region
February, 2026 TABLE OF
CONTENT
Setting the Context 1
BCPPER – Profile, Strengths, Challenges, and Opportunities 5
Economic Plan – Projects & Policies 13
Building Enabling Institutions and Governance Mechanisms 19
Unlocking Sectoral Engines of Growth 23
Tourism Sector 27
Education Sector 47
Technology Sector 59
Real Estate Sector 69
Port Development 77
Integrated Transport & Logistics 89
Manufacturing Sector 105
Textiles, Handloom, & Handicraft Sector 115
Chemical Sector 127
Agriculture & Allied Sector 135
Promoting Fisheries and Allied Sectors 145
Sustainability & Disaster 151
Quality of Life and Liveability 163
Conclusion 167
Annexures 169 Message
Honourable Chief Minister, Odisha The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack–Puri–Paradeep Economic Region marks
a significant milestone in Odisha’s journey towards planned, inclusive and sustainable
urban growth. Developed in alignment with the NITI Aayog Growth Hub Initiative, the Plan
reflects our collective resolve to position cities as engines of economic progress while
ensuring improved quality of life for every citizen.
The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack–Puri–Paradeep corridor represents a unique convergence of The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack–Puri–Paradeep corridor represents a unique convergence of
governance, heritage, industry and coastal connectivity. By integrating urban
infrastructure, housing, mobility and economic planning within a unified framework, this
initiative lays a strong foundation for future-ready cities that are resilient, efficient and
people-centric. It reinforces our commitment to balanced regional development and
environmentally responsible urbanisation.
I appreciate the efforts of all departments, institutions and stakeholders who have I appreciate the efforts of all departments, institutions and stakeholders who have
contributed to shaping this comprehensive roadmap, with strategic guidance from NITI
Aayog. The Government of Odisha remains steadfast in its commitment to effective
implementation through coordination, innovation and continuous monitoring. This
initiative will play a transformative role in advancing the vision of Viksit Odisha and
strengthening Odisha’s contribution to the national goal of Viksit Bharat @2047.
(Dr. Krushna Chan dra Mahap atra)
Teleph one : 0674-2536952 (O), PBX No.: 0674-23905 25 (A)
Mobile No : +91 700825187 0, 9437960 752
Foreword
Honourable Housing & Urban Minister, Odisha Foreword
Chief Secretary, Odisha Preface
CEO, NITI Aayog Foreword
Additional Chief Secretary, Odisha
From the desk of Additional Chief Secretary...
The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradip Economic Region The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradip Economic Region
(BCPPER) presents a clear and forward-looking roadmap for Odisha’s urban and regional
development. As a flagship initiative under Odisha’s Vision 2036 and 2047, BCPPER reflects
our commitment to building a strong, inclusive, and globally competitive economic region
supported by modern infrastructure, sustainable growth, and coordinated urban
development.
BCPPER brings together four important cities-Bhubaneswar, our administrative and BCPPER brings together four important cities-Bhubaneswar, our administrative and
knowledge capital; Cuttack, State’s historic commercial centre; Puri, a globally renowned
cultural and tourism destination, and Paradip, the country’s major port and industrial
gateway. Together, these cities form the economic, industrial and cultural heart of Odisha
This plan marks a shift from developing these cities in isolation to planning them as one This plan marks a shift from developing these cities in isolation to planning them as one
integrated economic region. The focus sectors include manufacturing, logistics, tourism,
food processing, and emerging knowledge industries. By improving connectivity between
urban centres, industries, and the port, and by aligning infrastructure with economic
priorities, we aim to unlock new opportunities for investments, job creation, and improved
quality of life.
This economic plan is the result of close collaboration across government departments, This economic plan is the result of close collaboration across government departments,
informed by detailed analysis and consultations with stakeholders, and guided by
national and regional priorities. The Housing & Urban Development Department will ensure
coordinated implementation through strong governance, regular monitoring, and
continuous improvement.
Through this initiative, we aspire to transform BCPPER into a model of sustainable urban Through this initiative, we aspire to transform BCPPER into a model of sustainable urban
growth and living, one that delivers prosperity, creates opportunities for our people, and
contributes meaningfully to the vision of Viksit Odisha and Viksit Bharat. This plan also
helps the department to prepare similar blueprint for other major urban agglomerations
such as Bargarh-Jharsuguda-Sambalpur, Berhampur-Chhattrapur-Gopalpur, and
Jeypore-Koraput-Sunabeda.
Usha P adhee , IAS
Date : 07/02/2026( USHA P ADHEE )
୩ୟ ମହଲା, ଖାରେବଳ ଭବନ, ଭ ୁବେନନର, ଓଡ଼ ିଶା
3nd Floor , Khar avel Bha van, Bhub aneswar, Odisha
0674-253690 3, e-mail : hudsec .or@od. gov.in Acknowledgement
Programme Director, Urban, NITI Aayog i | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Abbreviation Description
AI Artificial Intelligence
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
APEDA
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority
AQI Air Quality Index
ATC Air Traffic Control
BCPPER Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
BnBillion
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CBD Central Business District
CCF Customs Clearance Facility
C-DAC Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant
CEZ Coastal Economic Zone
CFC Common Facilities Centre
CIPET Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology
COCPC Committee on Cotton Production and Consumption
CRUT Capital Region Urban Transport
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CoDB Cost of Doing Business
CoE Centre of Excellence
DFC Dedicated Freight Corridor
DGFT Directorate General of Foreign Trade
DGCIS Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
DMO Destination Management Organisation
DPR Detailed Project Report
EIA Export Inspection Agency
ERDA Economic Region Development Authority
EGoM Empowered Group of Ministers
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPEconomic Plan
EoDB Ease of Doing Business
ER&D Engineering Research & Development
Abbreviations Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | ii
Abbreviation Description
FAR Floor Area Ratio
FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry
FPO Farmer Producer Organisation
FSSAI Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited
GCC Global Capability Centre
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
GSVA Gross State Value Added
GIS Geographic Information System
GoI Government of India
GoO Government of Odisha
GVA Gross Value Added
HEI Higher Education Institutions
HPSC High-Power Steering Committee
HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point
IAIndustrial Area
ICAR-CIFA
Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture
ICCC Integrated Command and Control Centre
ICD Inland Container Depot
IDCO Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha
IEIndustrial Estate
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IIIT Indian Institute of Information Technology
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
IMD India Meteorological Department
INI Institute of National Importance
IMS Institute of Medical Sciences
IDCO Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation
IOCL Indian Oil Corporation Limited
IoT Internet of Things
IT Information Technology iii | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Abbreviation Description
ITeS Information Technology Enabled Services
ITI Industrial Training Institute
IWT Inland Water Transport
KIZ Kala Innovation Zone
LMT Lakh Metric Tonne
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LVC Land Value Capture
MCS Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance
MMF Man-Made Fibre
MMLP Multimodal Logistics Park
MMT Million Metric Tonne
MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
MPEDA Marine Products Export Development Authority
MnMillion
MSMEs Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
MoPSW Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MTPA Million Tonne Per Annum
NABL
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration
Laboratories
NDMA National Disaster Management Authority
NEP National Education Policy
NGT National Green Tribunal
NID National Institute of Design
NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
NIRYAT National Import-Export Record for Yearly Analysis of Trade
NISER National Institute of Science Education and Research
NSQF National Skills Qualifications Framework
OMC Odisha Mining Corporation
OSDA Odisha Skill Development Authority
OSDMA Odisha State Disaster Management Authority
OSRTC Odisha State Road Transport Corporation
OUAT Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology
OUTR Odisha University of Technology and Research
PCPIR Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | iv
Abbreviation Description
PIB Press Information Bureau
PMMSY Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
PMU Project Management Unit
PPP Public Private Partnership
R&D Research & Development
REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RoI Return on Investment
RPIDA Regional Planning Industrial Development Authority
RRTS Regional Rapid Transit System
SCB Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College & Hospital
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SHG Self-Help Group
SLB Service Level Benchmark
SOA Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University
Sq. Km Square Kilometer
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
TnTrillion
TAG Textile Advisory Group
TCS Tata Consultancy Services
TOD Transit Oriented Development
UCF Urban Challenge Fund
ULB Urban Local Body
UGC University Grants Commission
VCVenture Capital Finance
VGF Viability Gap Funding
WPR Worker Population Ratio
WRI World Resources Institute
XIM Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar
ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge v | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
The Economic Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(BCPPER) presents a structured and project-oriented strategy to accelerate regional
economic growth by building on existing strengths while addressing persistent
structural constraints. The Report is grounded in a detailed assessment of sectoral
performance, spatial endowments, infrastructure capacity, as well as aspirations and
translates these into growth drivers with a set of implementable projects and policy
interventions.
For preparation of the Economic Plan of BCPPER, the influence zone consisted of
four districts, Khordha, Cuttack, Puri, and Jagatsinghpur each with distinct but
complementary economic roles. The region combines a strong agriculture and allied
base, significant fisheries and aquaculture resources, manufacturing and mineral-linked
industrial activity, a growing services economy anchored in the capital city, and major
port and logistics infrastructure. Services particularly education, health, tourism, trade,
logistics, and knowledge-based activities play a central role in regional employment
and urban growth, especially in Bhubaneswar-Cuttack. The Report recognises that
while these assets are substantial, their overall economic impact remains constrained
by low value addition; fragmented value chains; infrastructure and logistics gaps;
limited export orientation; and weak integration between production centres, service
hubs, and markets.
Vision
For the long-term vision the Report has used the target set for BCPPER to be a
USD 500 billion economic region by 2047 in the Odisha Vision document. However,
going beyond the economic expansion alone; the Report has worked on BCPPER to
emerge as a high-growth, globally connected economic region, while preserving and
promoting the region’s heritage, religious identity, natural assets, and cultural character.
Leveraging its urban centres, productive hinterland, coastal and port infrastructure,
and services base, the vision seeks to position BCPPER as a key growth engine for
Odisha ensuring that accelerated development is in harmony with its cultural and
ecological foundations.
Approach
To operationalise this vision, the Report adopts a sector-led, spatially anchored, and
project-driven approach. Rather than treating sectors in isolation, the plan focuses
on value-chain integration, clustering, and the alignment of production, processing,
services, and logistics across the region.
The following approach has been adopted while preparing the Economic Plan:
1. Port-led Industrial and Export Growth
BCPPER’s transformation is anchored in leveraging Paradeep and emerging coastal
infrastructure to drive port-led industrialisation and export competitiveness.
Manufacturing expansion, downstream value addition, and logistics efficiency
Executive Summary Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | vi
are integrated with port connectivity to strengthen trade linkages and position
the region as an outward-oriented production hub.
2. A strong Knowledge and Skill-based Services Ecosystem
The region’s services base particularly Tourism, Education, and Information
Technology is positioned as a structured growth engine anchored in defined
projects and corridors. Tourism is strengthened through temple and heritage
circuits, cruise and coastal infrastructure, and experience-based destinations to
enhance value capture. Education is advanced through an Edu-SEZ, Science City,
and hub-and-spoke skilling centres linked to industry, while the IT sector covers
the full digital value chain research, design, development, data infrastructure,
and global capability centres positioning BCPPER to emerge as a self-sustaining
knowledge and innovation hub.
3. Cluster-based Value Chain Development
Production systems are organised through cluster-based models across sectors
like Agriculture & Allied activities; Fisheries and Aquaculture; and Manufacturing
(including textiles and related sectors). This approach enables scale, improves
productivity, enhances value addition, and strengthens linkages between
producers, processors, and markets through integrated value chains.
4. Spatially anchored Development Zones
The strategy translates sector priorities into clearly defined development
zones, industrial corridors, agri- and aqua-processing clusters, tourism circuits,
knowledge corridors, and port-linked logistics nodes. By aligning sectoral growth
with spatial planning, the Report ensures that investments are geographically
concentrated, infrastructure-supported, and implementation-ready.
Together, this approach translate vision into strategy and then into implementable
investments, through clearly defined projects with identified locations, indicative
land requirements, investment estimates, and institutional responsibilities.
Proposals
The report translates the strategic pillars into a comprehensive portfolio of more than
80 proposed projects, supported by more than 30 policy and regulatory interventions,
structured across core economic sectors and enabling infrastructure.
The proposals span:
(i) Agriculture and Fisheries (8 projects) focused on crop-specific cluster
development, integrated aquaculture parks, agri-export terminals, value-
chain infrastructure, and modernised fishery systems to enhance productivity
and export readiness.
(ii) Manufacturing and Chemicals (20+ projects) aimed at downstream value
addition, sector-specific industrial estates, PCPIR strengthening, technical
textiles, food processing, biotechnology, and plug-and-play industrial
infrastructure linked to port-led growth. vii | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(i) Transport and Ports (25+ projects) including multimodal logistics parks,
FTWZs, rail and road connectivity, RRTS integration, green hydrogen
facilities, maritime workforce centres, and port-linked industrial ecosystems
to strengthen export competitiveness.
(ii) Tourism (20 projects) centred on temple and heritage circuits, cruise
tourism, eco-tourism, theme-based destinations, waterfront development,
and hospitality infrastructure to position BCPPER as a high-value tourism
region.
(iii) Education and Skilling (3 projects) including Edu-SEZ, Science City, and hub-
and-spoke skilling centres integrated with industrial clusters to strengthen
human capital and industry linkages.
(iv) IT & Digital Ecosystem (4 projects) focused on GCC clusters, AI and data
centre infrastructure, ER&D centres, and digital backbone development to
support knowledge-led services and industrial modernisation.
Collectively, the proposals represent a phased and sequenced roadmap designed
to enhance value addition, deepen export integration, generate employment, and
strengthen BCPPER’s structural transformation in alignment with its $500 billion
vision. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | viii 1 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
1
Setting the Context
Developing City Regions as Growth Hubs –
An Initiative to Build Cities of Tomorrow Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 2
1.1 Leveraging City-Regions as Engines of Growth
Even though cities are widely acknowledged as the principal engines of economic
growth, international experience demonstrates that a planned approach is the
catalyst in transforming cities into major growth centres. In India, the process
of urbanisation has become a critical determinant of the country’s economic
trajectory. India today constitutes the second-largest urban system globally,
accounting for nearly 11% of the world’s urban population. Share of urban
population in India, currently estimated at 36%
1
is projected to approach 50%
2
by 2047. This demographic shift presents significant opportunities for enhanced
productivity while simultaneously posing critical challenges related to urban
liveability.
Although urban centres occupy only 3% of the national landmass, they contribute
nearly 65% to the country’s GDP
3
. However, Indian cities are yet to harness the
transformative potential of urbanisation. Realising the vision of Viksit Bharat
@2047 necessitates a paradigm shift in the way urbanisation is conceived,
planned and governed.
1.2 The Growth Hub Initiative: A Paradigm Shift in Urban Planning
In 2023, NITI Aayog launched the Growth Hub for City Regions (G-Hub)
initiative, with the objective of adopting a holistic approach to economic and
regional development of urban centers. As part of this initiative, the concept of
Economic Plan was introduced, defined as the “strategic roadmap for cities that
translates economic vision into spatial and social priorities, aligning resources
and interventions to achieve inclusive, competitive and sustainable growth.”
The initiative recommends the following four key mind shifts in prevailing urban
planning and management practices in India with the Economic Plan providing
the necessary guidance and direction:
(i) Proactive rather than Reactive Approach: Position economic planning as a
precursor to land-use and spatial planning, with a focus on efficient delivery
of urban services.
(ii) Three-Pillar Framework: Accord equal emphasis on all three aspects of
growth, viz. economic growth with investment; quality of life with liveability;
and inclusivity with long-term sustainability.
(iii) Regional Lens: Reorient planning to the scale of city-regions rather than
restricting with in the administrative boundaries to capture functional inter-
dependencies better, manage urban sprawl and leverage wider economic
catchment areas.
(iv) Institutional Reform: Establish a transformative institutional mechanism
that aligns with the needs of the growing city-region by dismantling sectoral
silos, fostering coordination across departments and optimising resources.
1 Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections (2019) : Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
2 Sustainable Urbanisation in the Paris Agreement (2017) : UN-Habitat
3 Cities of the Future: Reimagining and Rejuvenating India’s Top 50 Urban Ecosystems (2023) : BCG 3 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
1.3 Key Concepts
The G-Hub initiative envisages a structured and replicable framework for steering
India’s city-regions towards long-term economic transformation through the
following five-step process:
Figure 1.1: Five-step framework for preparing an economic plan for city regions
(i) Baseline: Mapping the current demographic, spatial and economic profile
to establish the reference conditions.
(ii) Setting Aspirations: Defining measurable economic and social targets,
aligned with state and national visions.
(iii) SWOT Analysis: Systematically assessing the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats shaping the region’s prospects.
(iv) Growth Driver Identification: Selecting sectors with the highest potential
for GDP contribution and employment generation for the region.
(v) Project Proposal and Implementation: Translating aspirations into bankable
projects, targeted policy interventions, and institutional mechanisms for
delivery.
1.4 Identification of Economic Region
As a pioneering initiative, NITI Aayog initially identified four cities at different
levels of growth, viz. Surat, Mumbai, Varanasi, and Visakhapatnam to develop and
validate the process templates.
Subsequently, on the request of the Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar was
taken up as the fifth city region under the G-Hub initiative for preparing its
Economic Plan. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 4
Figure 1.2: Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region (BCPPER)
To determine the economic region first a nucleus city is identified and the
region is then selected based on several considerations, including contiguity
and proximity; economic reliability; axes of growth; logistics and connectivity
dependence; and complementarity.
The economic region was finalised in close consultation with the State Government,
it includes four districts namely; Khordha, Cuttack, Puri, and Jagatsinghpur; and
called the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region (BCPPER).
It constitutes Odisha’s most dynamic economic and cultural corridor, and
encompasses the state’s key urban centres (Bhubaneswar - the administrative
capital and education hub; Cuttack - the historic commercial centre; Puri - a
global religious and tourism destination; and Paradip - Odisha’s largest port and
a petrochemical-industrial anchor.)
By integrating these four districts under a unified planning framework, the
G-Hub initiative seeks to establish BCPPER as a functional economic region
that leverages complementarities through linking port-led growth supported by
industries and services; integrating heritage and culture with urban planning; and
aligning skilling and education with local economic demand. 5 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2
BCPPER – Profile,
Strengths,
Challenges, and
Opportunities
(Current Realities and Development
Imperatives) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 6
2.1 Geographic and Demographic Profile of the Region
BCPPER spans across 11,892 sq. kms., accounting for 7.6% of Odisha’s total land
area, and is home to an estimated 9.24 Mn people in 2025, representing about
17% of the state’s population. The region occupies a strategic position in Odisha’s
economic landscape, generating US$ 22.38 Bn in FY25, which is nearly 19%
Odisha’s economy. Despite its economic significance, BCPPER has a per capita
GDP of US$ 2,419, which is slightly lower than the state’s and national average,
making productivity improvement a critical priority.
With a workforce of 4.13 Mn, the worker population ratio of BCPPER, at 43.4%,
is below the state’s and national average. This underscores the necessity for
greater employment generation along with initiatives to enhance female and
youth labour force participation.
Figure 2.1: Demographic & economic profile of the region
2.2 Economic Significance of BCPPER within Odisha
The region has witnessed robust nominal GVA growth of nearly 10% per annum
between FY14 and FY25, positioning it among the fastest-growing regions in
Odisha. This growth is accompanied by a notable structural shift in sectoral
contributions, reflecting rapid economic transformation with a steady increase in
the share of the tertiary sector.
• Tertiary Sector: Driven by trade, tourism, transport, business services, and
education.
• Secondary Sector: That underscores the rising importance of industrial
estates, downstream metals, and petrochemicals; and
• Primary Sector: Comprising agriculture and fisheries, continue to provide
livelihoods, albeit increasingly constrained by climate pressures and
productivity concerns. 7 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 2.2: Sectoral GVA composition and employment in BCPPER (FY25)
Overall, BCPPER exhibits relatively better regional balance at the district level,
Khordha (US $ 3.07 Bn) and Cuttack (US $ 2.91 Bn) account for the largest shares
in the GVA of the state, serving as the region’s principal administrative and service
hubs. Puri (US $ 2.01 Bn) contributes significantly through tourism and services,
while Jagatsinghpur (US $ 1.25 Bn) drives industrial activity around Paradip port
and PCPIR region.
Figure 2.3: District-wise economic profile of BCPPER (FY-25) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 8
2.3 Vision, Targets, and Growth Scenarios for 2047
The Economic Plan of the region is anchored on the Odisha Vision 2047, which
sets out an aspiration of transforming the state into a US $ 1.5 Tn economy by 2047,
nearly 15 times its current size. The vision emphasises large-scale employment
generation, diversifying into services and knowledge-driven industries,
strengthening global competitiveness and embedding climate resilience as core
elements of the growth pathway
4
.
Within this overarching framework, the vision designates the BCPPER as the state’s
flagship growth corridor, expected to contribute nearly one-third of Odisha’s
GDP and serve as a primary driver of the state’s economic transformation.
Figure 2.4 Odisha Vision 2047 - Growth Pathway
Guided by the Odisha Vision 2047, multiple growth scenarios for BCPPER were
considered to assess the potential pathways for realising the region’s economic
5
potential.
Aligning with the broader national vision and the Odisha Vision @2047, the
Economic Plan envisages that BCPPER will become a US $ 500 Bn economy
by 2047. The Plan provides targeted interventions as a guiding framework that
depends on a port-led industrialisation; growth in knowledge economy, including
IT/ITES, education and skilling; tourism growth; productivity increase across
sectors and green growth; while safeguarding heritage and religious identity;
conserving the environment and promoting local culture.
5 Analysis by NITI Aayog (2025) 9 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2.4 Endowments and Emerging Trends
The BCPPER’s rich and varied endowments collectively position it as the driving
engine of Odisha’s growth.
• The region boasts of rich natural endowments with a vast coastline, fertile
riverine belts, and extensive aquaculture potential, which have traditionally
supported livelihoods and continue to hold promise for the growth of the blue
economy.
• The region’s cultural endowments are globally renowned, particularly its
religious tourism. The Jagannath Temple at Puri and the Konark Sun Temple,
both sites of immense historical and spiritual value, draw lakhs of visitors
annually. Cuttack’s historic urban core and the ecological richness of Chilika
Lake further enhance the region’s diversity, giving BCPPER the potential to
evolve into a premier international cultural and eco-tourism hub.
• The industrial base is anchored by Paradip Port and the PCPIR, which provides
a strong foundation for petrochemicals, downstream industries, and port-
proximate manufacturing. Industrial estates in Jagatsinghpur and Khordha
add depth to the region’s industrial landscape, making it a critical node in
Odisha’s industrialisation strategy.
• The region boasts of a robust network of 33 higher education institutions,
including IIT Bhubaneswar, AIIMS Bhubaneswar and NISER. Together it
positions BCPPER as Odisha’s primary higher education and skilling hub. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 10
Figure 2.5: Key endowments of BCPPER
By aligning with emerging global and national trends, BCPPER is well positioned
to build a resilient future ready growth trajectory. The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack
corridor is expanding rapidly as a metropolitan belt. Rising demand for IT/ITES
and startups offers opportunities for the region to position itself as an innovation
hub. Tourism trends increasingly favour eco-tourism and heritage experiences,
aligning well with BCPPER’s cultural and ecological assets. The export potential
of aquaculture and textiles is expanding, driven by global markets. Finally, the
green transition, encompassing renewable energy and sustainable industrial
initiatives, provides a foundation for a resilient and future-ready economy, as
shown in Figure 2.6.
Figure 2.6: Global & national trends
The Economic Plan charts a pathway to integrate natural, cultural, industrial, and
institutional strengths into a unified strategy to position BCPPER as a competitive
economic region by 2047.
2.5 SWOT Analysis
Building on this endowments and emerging trends, a detailed SWOT analysis was
undertaken to examine the internal and external factors influencing BCPPER’s
growth, identify bottlenecks, and provide a structured assessment of the region’s
strategic positioning. 11 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 2.7: SWOT analysis
The analysis underscores the need for a balanced strategic roadmap that
capitalises on inherent strengths and emerging opportunities while systematically
addressing weaknesses and threats through targeted interventions.
2.6 Key Growth Drivers
Based on an assessment of BCPPER’s natural endowments, demographic
strengths, industrial base, tourism potential, growing service sector, and general
trends, the following growth drivers have been prioritised:
• Tertiary Sector: The region presents distinct comparative advantages in
services. Bhubaneswar–Cuttack functions as Odisha’s knowledge and IT hub,
anchored by institutions such as IIT, AIIMS, NISER, and a rising base of IT/ITES
firms and GCCs. Puri and Konark provide a unique platform for heritage and
coastal tourism, while real estate and urban services are expanding rapidly
along the metropolitan corridor.
• Secondary Sector: BCPPER hosts large-scale industrial assets, the Paradip Port
and PCPIR in Jagatsinghpur, industrial estates in Khordha and downstream
clusters. The strategic focus is on transitioning from low-value manufacturing
into advanced sectors like chemicals, petrochemicals, apparel, food processing,
electric vehicles, and green industries with a focus on progressively greening
the sector.
• Primary Sector: Agriculture and fisheries remain central to livelihoods,
particularly across Jagatsinghpur, Puri and parts of Cuttack. The region’s
high-yield aquaculture belts, marine resources and fertile coastal plains offer
an opportunity to position BCPPER as India’s seafood and agri-export hub
through strategic interventions.
• Enablers: Cutting across various sectors are the horizontal enablers that help Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 12
unlock the full potential of the above sectors by strengthening utility services
(power, water, housing), sustainability and liveability. Equally important are
institutional enablers such as the proposed Economic Region Development
Authority, which will be critical for governance and implementation.
Figure 2.8 Sectoral growth drivers and enablers for BCPPER
The growth drivers given in Figure 2.8 are mutually reinforcing with port-led growth
being the central theme, where sectors such as manufacturing, food processing,
chemicals and textiles feed into the port economy. This port-led industrialisation,
in turn, generates demand for logistics and urban infrastructure, while a robust
education and skilling ecosystem ensures a steady supply of talent for the secondary
and tertiary sectors. Targeted interventions in tourism, fisheries, handicrafts and
other sectors are proposed to lead to inclusive growth with strategic branding,
improved connectivity and integration with global markets. Together, the list of
projects, economic zones and policy measures for each of the growth driver creates
a coherent roadmap for BCPPER’s transformation, as elaborated in the next chapter. 13 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3
Economic Plan –
Projects & Policies
(Interventions and Enabling Policies) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 14
3.1 Overview
The Economic Plan sets out a comprehensive framework of strategic interventions
designed to transform BCPPER into a leading centre of economic growth by 2047.
It integrates sector-specific projects, development zones with enabling reforms,
policy measures, and institutional frameworks. Ensuring effective convergence
across these initiatives is essential to create a cohesive and coordinated
implementation strategy, address all critical parameters, and prevent fragmented
or duplicate efforts.
3.2 Project Portfolio at a Glance
A total of 85 projects have been identified across the BCPPER’s key growth drivers,
spanning the entire spectrum, from modernising agriculture and aquaculture
to building IT innovation hubs, downstream industrial estates, tourism circuits,
and integrated transport systems, among others. The list of proposed project
portfolio is given in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1: List of projects
For nearly 40 of these projects, the specific location across the four districts of
Khordha, Cuttack, Puri, and Jagatsinghpur has been identified (Figure 3.2). Together,
these projects balance sectoral depth with regional spread, enabling both scale and
inclusivity. 15 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 3.2: Indicative locations of projects Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 16
3.3 Dedicated Development Zones
To spatially integrate some of the proposed interventions and avoid fragmented
growth, the Economic Plan also proposes four dedicated development zones:
(i) Knowledge corridors and innovation districts anchoring education, skilling,
and R&D, aligned with the respective growth drivers to ensure the whole
ecosystem of the industry grows;
(ii) Port-proximate manufacturing clusters leveraging Paradip Port, PCPIR and
allied coastal nodes for downstream industries and logistics;
(iii) Global sports city combining training infrastructure and sports tourism; and
(iv) Kala Innovation Zone showcase Odisha’s cultural and creative economy
through design, craft and market access.
These zones ensure convergence of sectoral projects within defined geographies,
fostering complementary ecosystems that enable the size and scale of the
economic sector.
3.4 Cross-Sectoral Policy Reforms
In addition to the project portfolio, the Economic Plan also identifies 32 enabling
policies and reforms that establish the institutional and regulatory foundation
for long-term growth. These encompass both sector-specific measures across
multiple domains and cross-cutting reforms addressing systemic challenges.
Presented in Figure 3.3, these interventions create a supportive policy environment
that complements proposed projects, fostering investment, innovation and
sustainable implementation.
Figure 3.3: List of proposed policies 17 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Realising this vision, however, will require robust governance structures and
dynamic institutional mechanisms capable of unlocking the region’s true potential
and driving sustained, inclusive growth. The next chapter covers the institutional
imperatives.
3.5 Projects in Urban Centres
A spatial review of urban centres in BCPPER shows a clear distribution of
sectoral projects across Municipal Corporations and Municipalities, as mapped
in the Figure 3.4. Bhubaneswar and Cuttack together anchor the largest share
of initiatives across education, IT & innovation, transport and textile-handloom,
while Puri, Jagatsinghpur, and Khordha record a higher concentration of tourism,
port-led, fisheries and agriculture-related projects.
Figure 3.4 Projects in major cities of BCPPER
In total, 41 projects fall within Municipal Corporations and 14 projects within
Municipalities, reflecting emerging sectoral specialisations across cities. A
detailed city-wise and sector-wise project list, including NACs, is provided in the
Annexures.
3.6 Implementation of the Projects
The list of projects included in the Economic Plan needs to be prioritised based
on urgency, expected economic and social impact, alignment with national and
sectoral priorities, and feasibility. Based on the above analysis, the projects need
to be categorised phase-wise and priority-wise. Projects in the tertiary sector like
education hub, health and tourism need to be prioritised. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 18 19 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
4
Building Enabling
Institutions and
Governance
Mechanisms
(Institutions, Policies, and
Partnerships) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 20
Figure 4.1: Three-tiered Governance Structure
4.1 Governance Imperatives
The scale and ambition of the Economic Plan for the BCPPER necessitate a
dedicated governance framework capable of operating seamlessly across
four districts, multiple sectors and diverse implementing agencies, seamlessly
connecting the departments of the state government with local administration.
Without such coordination, projects risk delays, duplication, and siloed execution.
A dedicated institutional architecture is, therefore, essential to translate the plan
into action.
4.2 Three-Tiered Governance Structure
The Economic Plan envisages a three-tier governance structure to steer
implementation. At the apex level is the Empowered Group of Ministers, providing
political oversight and policy direction. A High-Power Steering Committee
translates this vision into state-level strategies and ensures inter-departmental
coordination.
At the regional level, the proposed Economic Region Development Authority
serves as the operational anchor, bringing together district administrations and
line departments to drive projects on the ground.
This layered system ensures that strategic decisions flow from the top while day-
to-day implementation is coordinated regionally, creating accountability and
avoiding duplication.
4.3 Specialised Units under ERDA
To operationalise its
mandate, the Economic
Region Development
Authority will be supported
by dedicated units that
bring professional capacity
and sectoral expertise
into implementation. A
Project Management Unit
will be the repository of
knowledge on project
structuring, financing and
monitoring progress. A
Destination Management
Organisation will focus on promoting and coordinating tourism assets across
the region. Integrated Command and Control Centres will evolve on a regular
basis to leverage emerging technology to oversee compliance, environmental
management, service delivery and any other functions identified subsequently.
For large-scale infrastructure projects, Special Purpose Vehicles and PPP
frameworks will be adopted to mobilise private investment and share risk. Together,
these specialised mechanisms will ensure that Economic Region Development 21 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Authority is not just a coordinating body, but also a delivery-focused institution
capable of driving outcomes on the ground.
Figure 4.2: Tentative institutions to be set up for effective governance
4.4 Partnerships and Collaboration
The governance framework emphasises partnerships beyond government
by engaging industry associations, universities, skill centres, and civil society
organisations to bring in expertise, co-investment, and innovation into
implementation. This collaborative approach ensures that Economic Region
Development Authority is not only a regulatory body but also a facilitator of
multi-stakeholder participation.
The Economic Plan sets out a forward-looking roadmap to transform the region
into a globally competitive growth hub by 2047. Through a balanced portfolio of
projects, enabling policies, economic development zones, and robust governance
mechanisms, it provides a coherent strategy to unlock economic potential while
ensuring inclusivity, sustainability, and resilience. Its success will ultimately rest
on the convergence of state leadership, institutional capacity, private sector
participation, and community engagement.
To maintain relevance over the long term, the plan will evolve in response to
changing circumstances, supported by a structured review at regular intervals and a
follow-up action plan instituted by the state government. This approach will ensure
the robustness and adaptability required for a long-term visionary plan of this
nature, positioning BCPPER as a model for regional economic planning in India and
accelerating the journey towards Viksit Odisha and Viksit Bharat @ 2047. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 22
4.5 Strengthening Project Financing
To strengthen project financing and governance, it is proposed to establish a
dedicated PPP Authority under the Department of Finance. The Authority shall
be responsible for formulating standard frameworks for blended financing and
PPP models across sectors, and for mobilising at least 40% of the total capital
expenditure (capex) envisaged under the Economic Plan. This will help ensure
fiscal discipline, crowd-in private investment, and provide a single institutional
mechanism for end-to-end PPP facilitation. 23 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
5
Unlocking Sectoral
Engines of Growth
Strategic Pathways and
Recommendations for Key Sectors Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 24
5.1 Strategic Approach to Service Sector Growth
Under the Odisha Vision 2047, the tertiary sector has been identified as the
principal growth driver for economic transformation, underpinning the state’s
aspiration to achieve a US$ 1.5 Tn GSDP by 2047. The vision envisages the sector
growing at a CAGR of ~10%, with its contribution to the state economy projected
to increase from the current 36% to 49% by 2047.
Within this broader framework, the BCPPER region assumes a pivotal role, as
the services sector already accounts for nearly 55% of its economy, making it
the foremost driver of regional transformation. The Economic Plan places strong
emphasis on tourism, IT, education, and urban expansion as the state’s frontline
service engines for the coming decades.
The approach adopted is to consolidate the sector’s current dominance while
repositioning it for higher value growth. Thus, shifting tourism from isolated
attractions to integrated circuits; expanding education and skilling into a globally
competitive knowledge economy; steering IT and allied services towards
research, digital innovation and exports; and guiding urban growth into planned,
sustainable real estate corridors.
Figure 5.1 Approach for BCPPER’s services sector
The proposed shifts together define the future trajectory of growth of the tertiary
sector in BCPPER, enabling a transition from local and domestic concentration to
regional and global competitiveness.
5.2 Strategic Approach: Port-led Growth
Odisha’s Vision 2047 envisions port-led development as a key driver of industrial
growth, leveraging the state’s strategic coastline to establish port-based economic
zones, enhance logistics connectivity, and catalyse large-scale industrialisation
across coastal and hinterland regions.
Aligned with the above vision, the Economic Plan positions BCPPER to drive
industrial growth through port-led development, diversified clusters and seamless 25 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
logistics integration thus guiding a transition towards globally competitive value
chains. This inter alia includes modernising ports into gateways for international
trade; embedding logistics as an enabler that links hinterland production to global
markets; deepening industrial ecosystems from raw and bulk processing into
high-value, export-oriented manufacturing; building resilience by encouraging
sustainable and clean industrial practices; and aligning with the green transition
shaping global supply chains.
These three interdependent levers of ports, logistics and manufacturing define
the pathway for BCPPER to transform from a resource-based industrial region
into Eastern India’s industrial and trade hub by 2047.
Figure 5.2 : Approach to develop the manufacturing sector
5.3 Strategic Approach to Primary Sector Growth
The primary sector plays a defining role in Odisha, supporting livelihoods at
scale and anchoring rural prosperity. While its relative share in GVA is declining
with structural change, Odisha Vision 2047 positions agriculture and fisheries
as sectors that must shift from subsistence and volume-based growth towards
productivity, diversification, and export orientation. The situation is similar in
BCPPER where strategic interventions can help this sector to support the growth
of port-led growth of the region.
As illustrated in the framework below, the approach rests on two complementary
priorities. For agriculture, the emphasis is on enhancing productivity, introducing
high-value crop diversification, and strengthening value chains so that farm
output can transition from local consumption to regional and global markets.
For fisheries, the focus is on scaling Odisha’s inherent strengths, leveraging its
575 kms coastline and extensive aquaculture base, into an integrated, export-led
‘blue economy’ supported by modern infrastructure and market linkages. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 26
Figure 5.3: Approach to develop the Primary sector
This approach ensures that the primary sector moves from a traditional livelihood base
to a modern, competitive engine of growth, contributing to inclusive development
while aligning with BCPPER’s broader economic transformation. 27 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
6
Tourism Sector
A Transformational Plan: Where
Culture, Coast, & Heritage Converge Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 28
6.1 Sectoral Snapshot
Globally, the tourism sector remains one of the largest and fastest-growing
industries accounting for 9.1% of global GDP (~ US$ 9.9 Tn) in 2023
6
. International
arrivals are projected to reach 1.8 Bn annually
7
by 2030, driven by expanding
middle classes in Asia, new aviation hubs, and rapid growth in coastal tourism. The
sector’s demand mix is shifting towards spiritual, cultural, wellness, medical, and
experiential tourism and younger travellers favouring less crowded destinations.
Increasing climate awareness is also influencing investments, with a strong focus
on low-carbon infrastructure, resilient coasts, and nature-based solutions
8
.
India’s tourism sector contributed ~US $ 232 Bn to the GDP in 2023, a 10% increase
over 2019, while generating about 43 Mn jobs
9
and emerging as a key growth
driver. India Tourism Statistics 2024 report 18.9 Mn international tourist arrivals,
surpassing pre-pandemic levels but representing only 1.3% of global arrivals,
far below France (89.4 Mn) and Spain (83.7 Mn). Even as international arrivals
rebounded post - pandemic, domestic tourism continues to dominate India’s travel
landscape. India’s ranking in the WEF Travel and Tourism Development Index
improved from 52
nd
in 2015 to 39
th
position in 2024 (9
th
in Asia-pacific region)
10
,
reflecting the impact of strong policy focus and infrastructure development.
The top countries for foreign tourist arrivals in India during 2022
11
were the USA
(21.8%), Bangladesh (19.85%), UK (10%), Australia (5.85%) & Canada (4.5%). India
has set an ambitious target of US $ 3 Tn tourism economy
12
by 2047, focusing on
13
.
• Pilgrimage Circuits (Char Dham, Ramayana, Buddhist, etc.)
• Wellness and Ayurveda Tourism
• Cruise and Coastal Tourism under Sagarmala
• Event-Based Tourism (Cultural events, Weddings, Sports, Spiritual Festivals)
Tourism contributes around 13% to Odisha’s GSDP
14
, reflecting its growing economic
significance. The state allocated INR 818 crore in the 2024-25 Budget to strengthen
infrastructure and tourism initiatives. Annual domestic and foreign tourist arrivals
increased sharply from 3.74 Mn in 2021 to 9.8 Mn in 2023, with major source states
including West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh
15
&
foreign tourists primarily from the USA, Japan, Germany, and other countries.
Tourism and hospitality have been designated as a ‘Focus Sector’, under the
State’s latest tourism policy. The state is positioning itself as a world-class
destination for sports infrastructure & boasts substantial tourist attractions and
assets, including:
6 Travel & Tourism set to Break All Records in 2024 – World Travel & Tourism Council
7 Tourism Towards 2030 - UN Tourism
8 Allied Market Research. (2024). Cultural Tourism Market by Type and Age Group
9 Tourism Expansion in India (2024) PIB
10 WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2024
11 India Tourism Statistics 2023
12 World Tourism Day 2024 Tourism and Peace - PIB
13 Ministry of Tourism Annual Report 2023-24
14 Odisha tourism annual report 2023-24
15 Data from Statistical Bulletin 2023, Department of Tourism, Govt of Odisha 29 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 6.1: Odisha boasts diverse tourism assets - Major Tourism Clusters of Odisha
16
Figure 6.2: Domestic tourists’ arrival
15
to Odisha in 2023 (Top 10 States in lacs)
16 Odisha Economic Survey 2025 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 30
However, Odisha ranks 21
st
nationally in both domestic and foreign arrivals, indicating
significant untapped potential. The lack of good connectivity, safety concerns
inadequate infrastructure including shortage of hotels of international standard,
and pollution remain some of the major challenges facing the tourism sector.
Figure 6.3: Key Tourist Attractions of BCPPER
17
BCPPER, with its major tourism endowment, forms the nucleus of Odisha tourism
landscape. Its key assets, spread across 4 districts, are:
Table 6.1: Tourism sites across BCPPER
Districts
Religious and Built
Heritage
Eco and Wildlife Cultural and Others
Khordha
Lingaraj Temple,
Rajarani Temple,
Mukteshwar
Temple, Dhauli
Shanti Stupa,
Khandagiri &
Udayagiri Caves,
Khurda Fort
Chandaka Wildlife
Sanctuary,
Mandangiri,
Nandankanan Park,
Chilika Lake (Barkul),
Berbera nature
camp, Barunei Hills
Odisha State Tribal
Museum, Kalinga
Mahotsav (Dhauli),
Khandagiri Mela, Pathani
Samanta Planetarium,
Nicco Park, Odisha State
Museum
17 Odisha Tourism Website 31 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Districts
Religious and Built
Heritage
Eco and Wildlife Cultural and Others
Puri
Shree Jagannath
Temple, Gundicha
Temple, Konark Sun
Temple, Lokanath
Temple, Atharnala
Bridge
Chilika Lake
(Satapada), Blue
Flag Golden Beach,
Chandrabhaga,
Beleswa, Balighai &
Astaranga Beaches,
Balukhand-Konark
Sanctuary, Nuanai
nature camp
Raghurajpur
(Pattachitra), Pipili
(Applique), Jagannath
Rathyatra, Konark
Dance Festival, Magha
Saptami (Chandrabhaga
Mela), Sudarshan Crafts
Museum
Cuttack
Maa Chandi Temple,
Dhabaleswar
Temple, Satakosia
temple, Lalitagiri,
Barabati Fort,
Netaji Birthplace
Museum, Swaraj
Ashram
Satkosia Tiger
Reserve, Ansupa
Lake, Olasuni nature
camp
Silver Filigree Work
(Tarakasi), Balijatra,
Maritime Museum,
Chaudwar industrial area,
Barabati Stadium
Jagatsing-
hpur
Sarala Temple,
Gorakhnath
Temple, Paradeep
Lighthouse.
Marine Aquarium,
Paradeep & Siali
Beaches
Paradip Port as a
maritime gateway and
historic coastal trade
links with Southeast Asia
Based on visitor footfall
18
, the top 13 tourist sites in Odisha are located within
BCPPER. The Figure 6.4, showcase the major tourism sites across the region.
Figure 6.4: Category-wise Major Tourism Hotspots in the BCPPER (2023)
– Ranked by Footfall
14
in Odisha (2023)18 Odisha Tourism Department – Stats 2023 Major hotspots Ranked by Footfall in Odisha Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 32
Despite these opportunities, there are several persistent challenges that prevent the
region from realising its full potential. Table 6.2 presents the key opportunities and
challenges faced by the tourism sector in BCPPER.
Table 6.2: Opportunities vs Challenges for BCPPER TourismOpportunities Challenges
• Cultural & Religious Heritage: UNESCO
sites like Konark Sun Temple and Shree
Jagannath Temple, with 30+ protected
temples; Festivals like the Rath Yatra and
Konark Dance Festival enhance global
visibility.
• Natural & Ecological Assets: 199 km
coastline, 8+ beaches including Blue
Flag Golden Beach, the Ramsar listed
Chilika Lake, Ansupa Lake and wildlife
sanctuaries that promote eco, coastal,
and adventure tourism.
• Buddhist Gateway to Southeast
Asia: The Buddhist Diamond Triangle
(Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, and Lalitgiri) has
transnational potential through cruise
and air linkages to Southeast Asia,
strengthening Odisha’s place in global
heritage circuits.
• Cultural & Craft Hubs: Raghurajpur,
Pipili, and Cuttack’s silver filigree cluster
offer experiential and creative economy
tourism.
• Rising Footfall: Tourist arrivals doubled
between 2021–2023, highlighting strong
domestic demand.
• Policy & Investment Support: Odisha
Tourism Policy 2022, increased
budgetary allocations, and central
assistance create a favorable investment
climate.
• Market Diversification: Growth lies in
adventure, wellness, medical, wedding,
& sports tourism.
• Underdeveloped Infrastructure
& Accommodation: Limited
tourism-related facilities, including
inadequate hygiene, health
services, and trained workforce;
and a shortage of high-end
hotels, especially in Cuttack,
Jagatsinghpur & Puri (refer Figure
6.5).
• Low tourist Spending & Market
Reach: Stagnant per-tourist
expenditure, short stays, and
concentration of visitors from
neighboring or low-income states
limit revenue and penetration
into high-value domestic and
international markets.
• Weak Institutional & Transport
Structure: Absence of Destination
Management Organizations
(DMOs), fragmented operations,
poor last-mile connectivity, and
lack of integrated multimodal
transport reduce operational
efficiency and accessibility.
• Environmental & Capacity
Risks: Cyclones, coastal erosion,
inadequate waste management,
and overcrowding during
major festivals that threaten
sustainability.
• Branding & Visibility: Weak global
branding and low foreign arrivals
limit BCPPER’s recognition in
international markets. 33 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 6.5: Hotels & Resorts in BCPPER
6.2 Proposed Approach
The Hon’ble Prime Minister urged the States to work towards presenting a unique
vision
19
of “One State: One Global Destination”. This national call positions tourism
as a key driver for growth, requiring each state to develop globally competitive
tourist destinations that enhance local employment, attract infrastructure
investment, and strengthen sustainable urban–rural linkages.
Building on this, Odisha’s Vision 2047 aspires to position the State as a global
tourism hub by leveraging its rich cultural heritage, vast coastline, and ecological
diversity. The Vision emphasises diversification across heritage, eco-tourism,
coastal, and experiential themes while ensuring sustainability, community
participation, and quality infrastructure.
In BCPPER despite substantial potential, the tourism assets are currently dispersed
and developed in siloes, resulting in fragmented visitor experiences and lower
economic multipliers. Addressing this gap requires a co-ordinated framework
that connects these destinations through shared infrastructure, unified branding,
and experience design.
19 Hon’ble PM statement during 10
th
Governing Council Meeting – NITI Aayog, May 2025 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 34
To address this, the Economic Plan proposes adopting a Circuit-based planning
approach, integrating dispersed destinations into cohesive thematic circuits
anchored around key nuclei (or hooks) i.e. a major existing tourist hub with strong
connectivity and commercial significance, such as Shree Jagannath Puri, Chilika
Lake, and Raghurajpur.
Under this approach, circuits are defined by grading assets, structuring them
by seasonality/duration, and categorising them by activity type. The strategy
focuses on taking each circuit as a unit of planning, aiming to ensure end-to-
end connectivity and seamless interlinkages with complementarity (for example,
linking heritage sites with experiential tourism). This circuit-based planning
approach will help boost tourist arrivals, increase per-capita spending, and
promote climate-resilient development.
The Plan proposes following 3 major tourism circuits:
• Religious & Built Heritage
• Eco & Wildlife
• Experiential
Each circuit is anchored around a nucleus or “hook” - a flagship destination
that serves as the focal point for planning, investment, and branding, with
complementary sites integrated to form cohesive & enriched visitor experiences.
Table 6.3: Major Tourism Circuits in BCPPER
Proposed Tourism CircuitsNucleusType
Religious
Shree Jagannath Puri
Temple
Hindu
Dhauli Shanti Stupa Buddhist
Built Heritage Konark Sun Temple Heritage Structure
Eco & WildlifeChilika LakeWaterbody
Experiential including
Handicrafts
Raghurajpur Artisan Village Art & Crafts
Core pillars of the approach
To translate the circuit-based approach into action, a focused strategy is required
to strengthen infrastructure, governance, and visitor experience across the
identified circuits through following key levers:
(i) Destination Development and Experience Design - Upgrade key sites
within each circuit through high-quality infrastructure, visitor amenities,
and interpretation facilities. Each nucleus will anchor bespoke attractions
reflecting Odisha’s cultural and natural endowments such as heritage
redevelopment, museums, and art installations creating distinctive and
immersive experiences for domestic and international tourists.
(ii) Diversified Tourism Offerings - Expand beyond religious tourism to develop
coastal, eco, wellness, and experiential sites. Implement a structured 35 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
strategy catering to diverse tourist demographics. Develop a year-round
calendar of events covering Rath Yatra, Konark Dance Festival, Bali Jatra,
Bird Festivals & others to sustain visitor interest. Additionally, cultural and
creative economy initiatives like the proposed Kala Innovation Zones and the
Odra Veda Museum to anchor the Region’s experiential tourism landscape.
(iii) Connectivity and Infrastructure Integration - Ensure seamless connectivity
across all circuits through multimodal access - highways, last-mile roads,
and air and cruise linkages covering Bhubaneswar, Puri, Baliharchandi, Siali
beach, & Paradeep. Development of premium hotels, eco-lodges, and event
venues along key spots is essential, supported by complementary urban
amenities through PPPs.
(iv) Governance, Digitalisation, and Skills - Establish DMOs as circuit-level
custodians to manage planning, operations, branding, marketing and revenue
management of tourism assets. Integrate digital tools such as tourism
observatories, e-passes, and real-time monitoring systems to enable data-
driven decision-making. Targeted skilling programmes in hospitality, language
training, guiding, digital services, and crafts to empower local communities,
generate employment and enhance service quality.
(v) Sustainability and Resilience - Embed environmental safeguards and
climate resilience across all interventions. Integrate carrying capacity
determinants in the planning for key sites. Promote cyclone-safe coastal
zones, mangrove buffers, and scientific waste management systems, while
scaling up community-led homestays and eco-tourism models to ensure
inclusivity and year-round livelihood generation.
(vi) Policy and Scheme Integration - Leverage convergence with ongoing
initiatives, including ABADHA for heritage development, PRASHAD and
Swadesh Darshan for circuit-based tourism, Sagarmala for coastal and cruise
connectivity, and Bharat Gaurav Trains for heritage mobility. Coordinated
policy alignment will ensure funding efficiency and unified branding across
circuits.
(vii) Phase - wise rollout - Adopt a tiered horizon for quick wins (0–5 years),
medium-term consolidation (5–15 years), and long-term transformation (15–
25 years, till 2047).
The circuit-based framework, supported by these pillars, charts a coordinated
roadmap for transforming BCPPER into a cohesive and high-value tourism
region. It shifts the focus from standalone site development to an integrated,
investment-ready model laying the groundwork for the proposed projects and
interventions that follow.
6.3 Interventions
The interventions proposed for BCPPER include projects under following 3
tourism circuits: Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 36
A. List of Projects
I: Religious & Built Heritage Circuit
1. Temple Circuit with Shree Jagannath Puri Temple as the Epicentre
Location: Across the Region
Connecting the temple trail within BCPPER (Shree Jagannath, Lingaraj, Mukteshwar,
Astashambhu, Chausath Yogini, Gundicha, Dhabaleswar, Maa Chandi, Sarala temples
etc.) and linking (Refer Figure 6.6) it with prominent temples outside the region
(Tara Tarini, Biraja temples, etc.).
2. Shree Jagannath Heritage Corridor (Phase-2)
Location: Puri
Develop an Integrated Cultural Plaza with performances, rituals, storytelling zone,
& a high end marketplace showcasing Odisha’s handicrafts and ODOP products
along with Pilgrim amenities, an organised queue system & an Interactive museum
integration.
Figure 6.6: Proposed Temple Circuit with Shree Jagannath Puri Temple as the epicentre
3. BCPPER as the Gateway for the Transnational Buddhist Circuit
Location: Connecting Buddhist tourist attractions (Dhauli, Udyagiri, Lalitgiri etc)
across BCPPER with the rest of India
Developing the infrastructure of the region’s Buddhist Trail with a meditation
hub, Peace Dome enhancements, and a promenade at Dhauli, integrated with
the PRASHAD Scheme. This will feature guided heritage tours, a state-of-the-art
museum, wellness centres, recreation and retail hubs, and targeted destination
branding along the trail, offering a rich, cultural, and immersive experience.
Additionally, the Balijatra internal cruise circuit will be developed to revive the
historic Kalinga-Bali maritime route. 37 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
4. Barabati Fort & Bali Jatra Ground Redevelopment
Location: Cuttack
Barabati Fort - Storytelling tours of Odisha’s maritime trade with Southeast Asia
& Barabati Fort’s history. Life-size replicas of Boitas (boats used for trade) in the
Maritime Museum.
Balijatra Ground - Utilise the area for hosting year-round activities subject to
weather conditions including fairs, exhibitions, and cultural events, supported
by prefabricated temporary infrastructure (structures and stalls). The remaining
reclaimed land can be converted into eco-parks, biodiversity zones, and a tent city
to provide premium accommodation.
5. Creative Redevelopment of Swaraj Ashram and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Museum Corridor
Location: Cuttack
Development of the Veergati Corridor, encompassing the redevelopment of Ganga
Mandir Pond, redesign of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Setu, creation of a pedestrian
promenade, and placemaking initiatives that narrate the legacy of India’s freedom
fighters through storytelling and cultural installations.
6.Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings
Location: In all the dilapidated heritage buildings across BCPPER
Restore and redevelop heritage sites into hotels and restaurants, artisan museums
& studios, library & cultural centres, event venues and experiential spaces, etc. that
balances conservation with commercialisation and promotion.
II: Eco & Wildlife Circuit
1. Waterfront Tourism & Recreation Development
Location: Chilika Lake, Satapada (Puri); Chilika Lake, Barkul (Khordha); Ansupa Lake
(Cuttack) & Salia Dam
Premium eco-resorts and floating lodges with day and night safaris, stargazing
decks, wellness spas and yoga centres, an annual bird hatching theme festival, nature
trails, guided treks, boating, kayaking, jet skiing, camping, bonfires, and fishing
experiences, supported by visitor centres and essential infrastructure.
2. Wildlife Sanctuary Safari
Location: Satkosia (Cuttack), Chandaka (Khordha) & Balukhand (Puri)
Develop wildlife safari circuit and linking it with other prominent sites outside the
region. Develop premium eco-resorts, organised day and night safaris, rental facilities
for vehicles and cycling, wellness Ayurvedic spa and yoga centre, and visitors centre.
Premium adventure sports such as hot air balloon rides. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 38
3. Mangrove Walkway
Location: Coastal Puri & Mahanadi Delta region (Paradeep)
Elevated eco-boardwalk, mangrove restoration, guided trails. Development of
coastal nature park at Puri.
4. Adventure Tourism
Location: Khordha, Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, and Puri
Upgrade existing trails with essential facilities and develop premium eco-campsites
to attract high-spending tourists. The government can support partner agencies in
designing 2–3 day itineraries to promote organised camping and trail-based tourism.
5. Development of Cruise Circuit & Cruise Terminals
Location: Mangala River Estuary at Puri
Connecting BCPPER with national & international route (Refer Figure 6.7), offering a
unique experience at each embarkation point. Key facilities such as berthing facilities,
passenger terminals, immigration zone, waiting areas, F&B outlets, information
centre etc., to ensure smooth operations, and pleasant experience for passengers
revive Kalinga-Bali maritime route via cruise.
Figure 6.7: Cruise circuit Tourism – To target National & International routes 39 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
6. Development of Resilient Coastal Buffer Tourism Belt
Location: Baliharchandi to Paradeep stretch
Resilient tourism planning within “Safe Coastal Zones”: Implement colour coded
zones for safe planning & modular eco-tourism infrastructure. Leverage opportunities
in the blue economy through initiatives such as Eco-tourism, floating cottages, safe
shelters, boating, artisanal fishing hubs and festivals or cultural events organised
during low risk , climate adjusted months.
7. Beach Hotels
Location: Beaches of Puri & Jagatsinghpur
To meet needs of premium tourists, develop wide range of facilities and amenities,
accommodation and dining options, recreation facilities, kids & entertainment zone, etc.
8. Beach Front Development
Location:
Puri Beaches: Beleswar beach, Balighai beach, Astaranga beach, Baliharachandi
beach, Golden beach*, Chandrabhaga beach* & Ramchandi beach* (*- Already
developed by the State).
Jagatsinghpur Beaches: Siali beach & Paradeep beach
Beachfront development, including infrastructure enhancements, nature-based
tourism activities, and engaging experiences.
III: Experiential Circuit (Crafts/Culture/Events/Wellness) & Others
1. Odra Veda Museum
Location: Near Bhubaneswar
The Museum will be developed over 10 acres as a modern, experiential cultural
complex featuring 5 themed galleries (Refer Figure 6.8), interactive installations,
and multilingual audio guides. It will include an outdoor eco-trail, sculpture garden,
event and workshop spaces, a souvenir/ODOP (One District One Product) shop,
and a food court—offering visitors an immersive journey through Odisha’s rich
civilizational heritage.
2. Global Sports City
Location: Khordha & Cuttack
The proposed Global Sports City (Area : 600 Acres approx.) will build on existing
infrastructure to create a world-class sports ecosystem, featuring an Olympic
standard stadium complex, indoor multi-sports arena, sports village with athlete
housing, motorsports track, golf course, and centres of excellence for major and
indigenous sports (Refer Figure 6.11). It will also host a women’s sports academy,
para-sports centre, sports startup incubator, and AR/VR simulation labs. Beach and
water sports facilities at Puri & Paradeep. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 40
Figure 6.8: Global Sports City at Bhubaneswar
3. Sea World Theme Park
Location: Puri/Paradeep
GoI can invite major players (for ex-SeaWorld Parks / Dubai Atlantis Marine Group)
to develop a marine-themed mega park. State to earmark 400–600 acres of CRZ-
compliant coastal land, lease it under a concessional model, & fast-track clearance
(Refer Figure 6.10).
To include oceanarium tunnels, dolphin & sea-lion shows, water coasters, coral
reef exhibits, surfing lagoons, underwater dining zones, marine education centres,
promenades, food & retail streets, amphitheatres, spas and family stay pods.
4. Sphere Theme Park
Location: Puri
GoI can invite major players (For ex -Populous Team – ‘Las Vegas Sphere’) to develop
this, state to demarcate the land and provide on lease, facilitate clearances. 300-
acre area with theme based recreational activities, musical fountains, landscaped
areas, facility for live entertainment & stage shows, event spaces, food outlets, retail
outlets & basic amenities (Refer Figure 6.10). 41 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
5. Rural & Cultural Experience Tourism
Location: Khordha, Puri, & Cuttack
• Develop rural homestays with good amenities and availability of local rides for visit to
the villages and nearby attractions.
• Promote traditional activities such as local art and handicraft activities (local
handicrafts, Pattachitra paintings, etc.), ethnic cuisines (including their preparation)
along with provision of continental and fusion cuisines, and other cultural activities
and local festivals.
• Raghurajpur Village expansion - Homestay upgrades, digital galleries, artist residencies.
• Demonstration workshops around Rath Yatra chariot-making.
• Cuttack Silver Filigree Cluster - Dedicated production + retail hub with certification cell.
• Pipili Applique Tourism Plaza - Marketplace + demonstration zones, night craft lane.
• Kala Innovation Zone - Skill, co-working, e-commerce, packaging hubs.
6. Premier Wedding & Wellness Zone
Location: Puri
Wedding Zone: Develop Puri as a premium wedding destination to capture the
growing market of grand Indian weddings. (Refer Figure 6.10).
Wellness Zone: Establish a premier wellness tourism hub that blends Odisha’s spiritual
heritage with holistic health experiences, including spiritual retreats, Ayurveda and
traditional healing, eco-wellness, culinary therapy, and water-based therapies.
7. Festivals & Events
Location: Across the region
• Scale up and promote existing festivals (Rath Yatra, Konark Dance Festival, Bali
Jatra, Khandagiri Mela, Boita Bandana, etc.) at national and international levels.
• Plan and organise new events and festivals, including art and craft exhibitions,
cultural festivals, food festivals, textile heritage fashion fiestas, and gems &
jewelry fairs.
• Publish and promote a BCPPER Festival Calendar along with festival packages.
8. Arts & Culture
Location: Across the region
• Create a cultural heritage village showcasing timeless traditions, art and culture.
• Promote local art and paintings at national and global scale by commercialisation
and tourism integration.
• Cultural programmes and performances of local dance and music forms.
• Museum - a centre for artisans, wellness, education, and ecological tourism,
leveraging the resources. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 42
9. International Convention Centre for Branding & Promotional Activities
Location: Bhubaneswar/Puri
Develop an International Convention Centre in Bhubaneswar to host global expos,
cultural and fashion shows, and an integrated Experience Centre for state branding
and promotional activities.
10. Tourism Data Observatory
Location: Bhubaneswar/Puri
Launch a Tourism Data Observatory (tourist flows, spending, on-the-ground
crowding, hotel occupancy) to enable dynamic pricing, capacity control during
festivals, and evidence-based marketing.
11. Hotels & Resorts
Location: Near docking points, beaches, lakes, airports, religious, and heritage
structures, and other tourist attractions in BCPPER
20-25 hotels and resorts (including premium and budget, total 1,000-2,000 keys)
catering to all segments of visitors with accommodation options, restaurants and
dining areas, recreational facilities, etc.
Figure 6.9: Proposed Beach Front Development at Puri 43 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 6.10: Proposed Odra Veda Museum
Figure 6.11: Plan connectivity projects to ensure seamless travel between nodes Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 44
Figure 6.12: Location of key projects across BCPPER
B. Policy Recommendations
To further supplement the robust policies & schemes of the State Government (Odisha
Tourism Policy 2022, ABADHA Scheme etc.), the following policy modifications are
proposed:
1. Carrying Capacity & Reslilient Tourism Planning
A. Introduce site-specific carrying-capacity assessments modelled on the famous
(For ex- Lakshadweep) models—for ecologically and culturally sensitive destinations
to regulate visitor flows and ensure long-term sustainability and use it for managing
tourist movement at major sites.
B. Promote resilient tourism planning through colour-coded zoning for safe and
sustainable development, targeting off-season tourism, and balanced regional
distribution. Implement climate-resilient building norms and promote renewable
energy to enable year-round, low-carbon tourism. 45 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2. Enabling Private Participation in Tourism via Land-Lease Provisions
Land-lease provisions for hotels, resorts, and theme parks will encourage private
investment, expedite project implementation, and expand the supply of quality
accommodation and infrastructure.
3. Urban Design Competition Framework for Tourism Projects
Introduce Urban Design Competitions for major tourism projects to ensure design
excellence, innovation, and context-sensitive development.
4. Integrated Framework for Adventure, Eco, & Rural Tourism
Align adventure, eco, & rural homestay tourism interventions in the Odisha tourism
policy with the National Strategy for Adventure Tourism (2022), National Strategy
for Eco-Tourism (2022), and National Strategy for Promotion of Rural Homestays
(2022). The focus will be on regulating safety and sustainability norms, expanding
eco-lodges & community-led homestays, & integrating local livelihoods within the
tourism value chain.
5. Cruise Terminal Infrastructure & Operations Standardisation
On the lines of the Indian Ministry of Tourism’s ‘Draft Strategy for Cruise Tourism’,
update the existing Odisha Tourism Policy to integrate safety and regulatory
standards for cruise terminals and docking operations, ensuring improved passenger
experience, faster turnaround, and enhanced connectivity along Odisha’s coast.
6. Heritage Conservation & Adaptive Reuse
Under the State’s ABADHA Scheme, include measures for managing visitor flows
through carrying-capacity norms while enhancing visitor offerings (such as museums,
events, etc.), generating sustainable revenue, creating employment opportunities,
and ensuring long-term operation and maintenance (O&M) financing.
7. Skill, Craft & Experience Development
Introduce certification for tourism services and GI crafts. Partner with leading
hospitality institutes for capacity building, technology firms for immersive tourism
experiences, & private developers to strengthen circuits & heritage assets. These
initiatives will enhance service quality, build visitor trust, & increase local employment
& incomes.
8. Smart Destination Management
Deploy Digital Twin technologies for key circuits to simulate infrastructure, manage
visitor flows, develop unified event calendar, and enable predictive maintenance
through real-time data analytics. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 46 47 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
7
Education Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 48
7.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The global knowledge economy is witnessing rapid growth, with the education
sector registering a 4.4 % CAGR
20
in FY25 and Ed-Tech accelerating at 15% CAGR
in FY21-22
21
. In India, the education sector contributes approximately 7.4% of
GVA as of FY23–24
22
. However, India continues to face structural challenges, as
reflected by the absence of Indian institutions in the global top 100 list and the
country accounting for the second-highest outflow of students pursuing higher
education
23
abroad, underscoring persistent demand-supply gaps and quality
concerns.
At the state level, Odisha performs moderately well compared to its peers. With
27 HEIs per lakh population (close to the national average of 30)
24
and 3 Institutes
of National Importance, (INIs) while the state has established a foundation but
still lags behind states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, which record
much higher institutional densities (Figure 7.1) and globally visible education
ecosystems.
Figure 7.1: State-wise number of HEIs per lakh population (2021)
20 HolonIQ (2025): Market Survey Global Education Sector
21 HolonIQ (2022): Market Survey Global Education Sector
22 Economic Survey (2023–24): Ministry of Finance.
23 Higher Education Global Data report (2022): UNESCO
24 All India Survey on Higher Education 2021-22: Ministry of Education 49 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
The Economic Plan focuses on developing the higher education sector in BCPPER,
building upon its robust and expanding K-12 education ecosystem. The region
currently has the highest density of colleges in the state with 33
25
HEIs (Figure
7.2). It has reputed institutes in diverse domains of science and technology (IIT,
IIIT, NISER, OUTR), medical sciences (AIIMS, SCB Medical College), management
(XIM, Sri Sri University), law (NLUO, Madhusudan Law University), agriculture
(OUAT), and heritage studies (Shri Jagannath Sanskrit University, Odia University).
This diverse ecosystem ensures coverage across STEM disciplines, as well as
governance, business, culture and rural development.
Figure 7.2: District-wise no. of HEIs in
Odisha (21-22)
Figure 7.3 District-wise no. of skill &
technical institutions (2024-25)
There is evidently both the inherent strengths of the higher education ecosystem
in BCPPER and the systemic gaps that constrain its global competitiveness. These
have been summarised in Table 7.1 as key opportunities that can be leveraged and
the challenges that must be addressed, to reposition BCPPER as a world-class
education hub.
Table 7.1 Opportunities and Challenges in the Education Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Rapidly growing global education
market (4.5% CAGR) and EdTech
(15% CAGR)
26
.
• No BCPPER institution currently
features in global top 100 rankings
27
;
weak international visibility.
25 Annual Report 2021-22 (2022): Odisha Higher Education Department
26 HolonIQ (2022): Market Survey Global Education Sector
27 QS World University Rankings 2025 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 50
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Capture India’s outbound student
base by offering affordable, world-
class higher education locally.
• High outbound student migration
reflecting unmet demand for quality
education.
• Attract global universities through
greater autonomy and integration
with international standards.
• Low research output and poor
academia-industry linkages stifle
innovation culture.
• Maximise BCPPER’s potential by
aligning education and skilling with
regional growth drivers.
• Heavy reliance on state funding;
limited financial autonomy to
innovate and expand globally.
• Potential to position BCPPER as
South Asia’s Education Hub by
offering affordable, world-class
alternatives to attract international
students from the neighbouring
South and LMICs.
• Limited focus on modern skills,
employability, and entrepreneurship
leaves graduates misaligned with
industry.
Addressing these challenges while leveraging its strengths will be critical for
positioning the region as a globally competitive knowledge and talent destination.
7.2 Approach to Establish BCPPER as the Education Hub of South Asia
To understand the structure/framework/design of a robust Education Hub various
benchmarks were examined while the approach towards transforming BCPPER
into an education hub was evolved based on global best practices; national policy
directives; regional imperatives; and integrating them into a coherent framework
tailored to BCPPER’s socio-economic and spatial context.
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 articulates the vision of transforming
India into a ‘Knowledge Hub,’ but does not detail the contours of a regional
education hubs. Globally, one of the most accepted definitions comes from Jane
Knight (2011), who describes ‘education hubs’ as organised efforts to create a
critical mass of local and international actors - universities, research institutes,
firms, and governments working together to deliver education, training, research,
and innovation. For such hubs to succeed, Knight identifies four essential
components, as illustrated in Figure 7.4. 51 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 7.4 Jane Knight’s Education Hub Framework
As the next step a comparative assessment of leading global education hubs
was undertaken. Across regions, these hubs have emerged through planned
strategies that combine higher education with industry collaboration, research,
innovation, and urban development. Figure 7.5 lists the leading educational hubs
studied in this context.
Figure 7.5: Global education hubs
A review of international experience reveals that education hubs succeed when
they operate as integrated ecosystems, not as standalone institutions. Presently,
BCPPER hosts a number of strong but largely standalone institutes with limited
scale, weak linkages and low international visibility, underscoring the need for Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 52
a more integrated model. The global case studies yield the following six critical
learnings, which collectively inform the pathway for developing the education
hub in BCPPER:
(a) Urban Form and Spatial Strategy (Singapore and Korea)
• Compact or smart-city models where universities co-exist with business
districts and innovation zones.
• Walkable, transit-connected hubs to integrate living, learning, and
working.
• Strategic positioning near airports and metro corridors to maximise
global mobility.
(b) Institutional Structure and Innovation Ecosystem (Dubai and Malaysia)
• Hosting global universities to raise international visibility.
• R&D intensive institutions and collaborative science parks linking research
with industry.
• Multi-tiered models ensure the coexistence of public, private, and foreign
institutions.
(c) Industry Linkages and Economic Drivers (Singapore and MIT–Cambridge)
• Strong ties to AI, biotech, healthcare, fintech, & other sunrise and high-
growth sectors.
• Startups, corporate partnerships, and innovation clusters act as natural
anchors.
• SEZ frameworks and incentives that attract global R&D and corporate
investments.
(d) Global Talent Attraction (Dubai and Korea)
• Tailored visa regimes, scholarships, and career pathways (e.g., post-
study work permits).
• Alumni networks and international rankings to boost brand prestige.
• Dual degrees, joint research, & exchange programmes enhancing student
mobility.
(e) Governance and Policy Enablers (Dubai’s free-zone and Singapore’s policy
models)
• Alignment with national innovation or knowledge economy visions.
• Free-zone or special governance models providing institutional
autonomy.
• Coherence across education, urban, economic, and labour policies.
(f) Infrastructure and Shared Services (Cambridge’s integrated ecosystem)
• Shared housing, libraries, labs, and recreation facilities across institutions.
• Education-culture-lifestyle convergence fostering retention and
international appeal. 53 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Internationally, the new age hubs such as Singapore, Dubai, Malaysia, and Korea
were found to offer a better fit, as their approach to creating ecosystems mirrors
the opportunity currently before BCPPER, instead of the organic growth in the
other established knowledge hubs. These strategies provide a replicable pathway
that can be adapted to Odisha’s strengths to position the region as South Asia’s
premier education hub. The above six takeaways were translated into a four-step
approach for BCPPER given in Figure 7.6.
Figure 7.6 Steps to set up an Education Hub
7.3 Proposed interventions
Building on the above findings and BCPPER’s regional strengths, the following
three pillars have been proposed as the core strategy for transforming the region
into a major education hub (Figure 7.7).
Figure 7.7: Three pillars to make BCPPER an education hub
A. List of Projects
1. Knowledge Corridors & Innovation Districts (Brownfield)
Location: Bhubaneswar-Cuttack IT Corridor, Paradeep Maritime & Manufacturing
Corridor, Puri Heritage Zone, Agriculture Corridor, Medical District Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 54
The region has a concentration of HEIs and research infrastructure. The strategy
is to integrate these into five thematic knowledge corridors that link universities,
research centres, and industries into decentralised corridors & districts (Figure 7.8)
These corridors can be anchored by universities and industries working in the agri,
manufacturing, medical, IT, and tourism domains. The detailed mapping of corridors
with their tentative institutional anchors is provided in Annexure I- Table 20.1.
Expected Outcome:
• Integrated live-learn-work ecosystems.
• Stronger industry-academia linkages.
• Global visibility through diversified thematic zones.
2.1 A Global Edu-SEZ: Universities Without Borders (Greenfield)
Location: Bhubaneswar (500 acres, near IT corridor)
Establish “BCPPER International University City” inspired by Singapore & Iskandar.
Integration of global institutions through satellite campuses. A self-contained
academic and research city hosting international universities, R&D parks, innovation
labs, and shared facilities. High-density, mixed-use shared campus with student
housing & business districts.
Expected Outcome:
• Anchor Odisha as South Asia’s Education Hub.
• Attract international students, faculty & research investment.
• Enable globally benchmarked education and research ecosystems.
2.2 Science City (Layout in Figure 7.9)
Location: Bhubaneswar, integrated within the Edu-SEZ
Details:
Future-ready science city with immersive zones on AI, robotics, biotech,
sustainability, and space - planetarium, digital library, kids’ zone, green
engagement spaces.
Science City will act as a platform for companies to anchor and operate
immersive zones. Various firms can showcase technologies and run experiential
labs within the facility. The model combines public learning spaces with live
industry demonstration hubs.
Expected Outcome:
• Public engagement with STEM.
• Promote an innovation culture.
• Position Odisha as a knowledge-driven society.
3. Enabling Infrastructure for Education Hub
Location: Across BCPPER corridors & Edu-SEZ 55 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Details:
Mixed-use academic-urban zones with transit integration. Residential & lifestyle
facilities- student/faculty housing, international student villages. Culture &
recreation zones - entertainment districts, wellness & sports complexes. Mixed-
use academic-urban zones with transit integration. Residential & lifestyle facilities:
student/faculty housing, international student villages.
Expected Outcome:
• Enhance liveability and attractiveness for global students & faculty.
• Foster 24x7 learning & lifestyle ecosystem.
• Support retention & long-term community engagement.
Box 1: Future-Ready Skilling Projects for BCPPER
• Expand World Skill Centre in Bhubaneswar and develop a new skill centre
in Cuttack as a hub.
• Create sectoral skilling spokes across Paradeep, Puri, Khordha, and Cuttack
(for manufacturing, agri-tech, IT, health, tourism).
• Implement a tripartite governance model (Government–Industry–
Community) to ensure sustainability.
• Introduce a ‘Skill Passport’ system, conceptualised in line with MSDE’s
Skill India Digital framework to enable nationally recognised, portable
certification and a unified digital record of workforce competencies.
• Adopt a phased approach by Upgrading existing ITIs in phase 1; setting up
new centres and World Skill Centre in Cuttack in Phase 2.
Expected Impact: Position BCPPER as India’s largest hi-tech skilling hub, building an
industry-ready workforce for global markets and ensuring inclusive opportunities
across the region.
Figure 7.8: Map of proposed projects Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 56
Figure 7.9: Model of Science City
B. Policy Recommendations
1. Global University Integration Policy (Reference: NEP 2020, UGC Draft Foreign
Universities Regulations)
Focus Areas: Globalisation of higher education
• Allow foreign universities to set up campuses in Edu-SEZ with academic
and administrative autonomy; establish single-window clearances for global
partnerships.
• Provide tax-free R&D incentives and subsidies for global universities, EdTech
firms, and research institutes setting up in the Edu-SEZ.
• Offer scholarships, dual-degree pathways, and post-study work permits to attract
international students and faculty.
2. Skill Passport & Certification Reform (Reference: NSQF, National Skill Development
Policy 2015)
Focus Areas: Workforce skilling & mobility
As highlighted in Box 1: Future-Ready Skilling Projects for BCPPER, it is proposed
to establish a Skill Passport framework in collaboration with the Ministry of Skill
Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). The initiative will enable nationally
recognised and portable certification aligned with the National Skills Qualifications
Framework (NSQF)
28
, creating a unified digital record of worker competencies.
The Skill Passport will support inter-sectoral and inter-regional workforce mobility,
integrate industry-endorsed certification standards, and link with employer databases
to facilitate transparent hiring and recognition of prior learning.
Institutionalise a three-way governance structure where industry co-designs
curriculum, government certifies, and community mobilises learners.
28 NSQF, National Skill Development Policy 2015 57 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3. Urban Infrastructure Incentives for Education Hubs (Reference: TOD Policy)
Focus Areas: Campus & urban integration
Provide incentives for mixed-use zoning, student & faculty housing through a
service apartment, rentals, dormitories and transit-oriented development around
universities and corridors.
Figure 7.10: Tentative render of Edu SEZ city Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 58 59 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
8
Technology Sector
as a Growth Driver
for BCPPER Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 60
8.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The global IT sector is on a strong growth path, projected to expand from US$ 9
Tn in 2024 to over US$ 13 Tn by 2030
29
, powered by emerging technologies like
AI, cloud computing, and cybersecurity. Global Capability Centres (GCCs) have
become a defining feature of the globalisation effect of this ecosystem, with
more than 2,900 units across 70+ countries, valued at US$ 90 Bn in 2024 and
expected to reach US$ 130 Bn by 2027
30
.
India anchors this transformation by contributing 58%
31
of global sourcing and
nearly 45% of services exports. Domestically, the sector plays a significant role
as it accounts for 7.3% of GDP, employs 5.8 Mn professionals and continues to
expand its role as a global innovation hub
32
. A notable trend is the rise of Tier-2
cities, which already house 15% of the tech workforce and offer up to 30% cost
advantage, diversifying geographic spread of India’s IT sector from metro cities.
Odisha aligned itself with this momentum through a progressive IT Policy 2022,
which expanded Infocity and Infovalley, targeted 100,000 jobs, and committed
to training 10,000 professionals annually in emerging technologies. The state
also has a startup ecosystem comprising of over 2,200 firms and 35 incubators,
with a strong emphasis on women-led ventures and innovation in AI, blockchain
and cybersecurity.
BCPPER has established itself as a credible Tier-2 technology hub with a technology
landscape that combines a sizeable workforce, functional IT parks, and a growing
base of firms and incubators, alongside land earmarked for expansion (Figure
8.1). Together, these elements provide BCPPER a solid foundation to transform
itself into a competitive Tier-2 city technology hub.
Figure 8.1: Endowments of the IT sector in BCPPER
29 IDC, McKinsey Global IT Outlook (2023-24): McKinsey Global Institute
30 India GCC Trends report (2023): NASSCOM & Deloitte
31 Technology sector in India Strategic Review (2023): NASSCOM
32 Technology Industry Report (2023): NASSCOM 61 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Bhubaneswar performs competitively among Tier-2 cities such as Jaipur and
Lucknow in terms of number of STEM graduates and affordability, reflecting in
its talent base and social infrastructure (Figure 8.2).
However, while these cities have successfully attracted global GCC investments,
Bhubaneswar, despite having the necessary infrastructure, is yet to secure the
anchor institutions and visibility that would set it apart from its peers.
The snapshot given in Table 8.1 highlights both significant opportunities to
leverage and structural challenges to address.
Table 8.1: Opportunities and Challenges in the IT Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Rapidly growing global IT market is
predicted to increase from US $ 9 Tn
in 2024 to US $ 13 Tn by 2030, with
AI, Cloud, and Cybersecurity driving
demand.
• No GCCs in Odisha, despite India
hosting 1,750+ (45% of global
share).
33
• Rising role of tier-2 cities (15% of India’s
IT workforce, 30% cost advantage)
positions Bhubaneswar to attract the
next-wave of investments.
• Shortage of grade-A office
infrastructure and weak
international connectivity are
hindering investments global
firms.
• Expanding STEM talent base (30,000+
graduates annually; IIT, IIIT, NISER, KIIT)
provides a pipeline for ER&D, AI, and
MedTech.
• Low R&D intensity (<1% of
GDP) and limited academia–
industry collaboration constrain
innovation.
• Growing startup ecosystem (2,200+
ventures, 35 incubators, 42% women-
led)
34
offers a strong base for
accelerators and deep-tech.
• Access to venture funding and
scale accelerators remains thin
compared to other hubs.
• Opportunity to build AI-grade data
centres and GPU/server manufacturing
hubs aligned with India’s AI Mission and
semiconductor policy.
• Limited global visibility and
branding compared to peer Tier-
2 hubs (Lucknow, Indore, Kochi,
Visakhapatnam).
While BCPPER’s endowments are substantial, they remain insufficient to establish
global competitiveness on their own. The next step is to convert these strengths into
strategic advantages through targeted interventions. The following section outlines
the approach to reposition BCPPER as East India’s premier innovation hub.
8.2 Approach
BCPPER’s IT ecosystem is characterised by a strong talent pool, infrastructure,
IT parks and a budding startup ecosystem. However, the higher-value layers of
33 Annual Report 2023: Ministry of Electronics Information and Technology
34 Start up Dashboard (2023): Startup Odisha Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 62
the chain remain underdeveloped. Moving from a services-driven base to an
innovation-led hub will require targeted interventions that add the missing pieces
and integrate them with existing strengths.
These gaps are evident in the ecosystem, where foundational endowments must
be complemented by GCCs, AI-ready data centres, startup accelerators, and
innovation-driven sub-sectors (Figure 8.2). These interventions will enable the
region to climb the value chain and reposition itself as a leading technology hub.
Figure 8.2 Ecosystem of IT-led Innovation Hub
8.2.1 Strategic Pillars for
Transformation
(i) GCCs
GCCs have become
the backbone of
global innovation
and India remains
at the centre of this
ecosystem, hosting
1,750+ centres - over
45% of the world’s
total. They are no
longer cost-arbitrage
units but strategic hubs for R&D, AI, and cybersecurity. For BCPPER, the
absence of GCCs highlights a gap in capturing high-value IT functions.
Closing this gap is critical, especially as the GCC landscape is projected
to expand rapidly, driven by skilled talent, infrastructure, policy support,
and startup ecosystems (Figure 8.4). Building this pillar will be central
to position the region within global digital value chains.
Figure 8.3 GCC growth trajectory and the key enablers 63 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(ii) Data Centres & Digital Infrastructure
India despite producing nearly 20% of global data, houses only 3% of
global data centres. With AI driving exponential demand, robust data
infrastructure has become the foundation of digital competitiveness.
BCPPER possesses favourable conditions like land availability, power
reliability and geographic location to emerge as a data infrastructure
node for East India, provided this capacity is systematically developed
and supported by an enabling policy framework. Several leading
states including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka have
established dedicated Data Centre Policies with explicit capacity targets
and comprehensive incentive frameworks. These proactive measures
have enabled the creation of large installed capacities, ranging from
100 MW to over 700 MW, supported by robust policy and infrastructure
ecosystems.
Odisha, too, has notified a Data Centre Policy (2022); however, it
remains limited in scope, lacking defined capacity targets and detailed
fiscal incentives. To leverage BCPPER’s strong locational advantages
reliable power supply, land availability, and coastal connectivity it is
imperative to update and operationalise Odisha’s Data Centre Policy
with measurable targets, competitive incentives, and a dedicated
institutional mechanism to position the region as a data infrastructure
hub for East India. (Figure 8.4).
Figure 8.4 : Comparative analysis of state-wise incentives to attract investments in data centres
(Deloitte Analysis) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 64
(iii) GPU & Server Manufacturing
The surge in demand for high-performance computing has created
global shortages, with GPUs priced between US$30,000-50,000 per
unit
35
. Hardware capabilities from GPUs to servers are becoming critical
to sustaining AI adoption and cloud growth. BCPPER has the potential
to enter this value chain by aligning with India’s semiconductor and
computing missions, positioning itself in advanced digital manufacturing.
(iv) Innovation City and Startup Ecosystem
An integrated ecosystem that combines grade-A campuses, compute
infrastructure, Centres of Excellence, and startup accelerators can
serve as the nucleus of BCPPER’s technology journey. Odisha already
hosts more than 2,200 start-ups and 35 incubators
36
, but scaling them
into deep-tech ventures requires stronger infrastructure and access to
global capital. Innovation City proposed as a key initiative in this plan
represents the concept of bringing these elements together in one
flagship anchor, linked to distributed nodes across the region.
8.2.2 Integration with Regional Growth Drivers
BCPPER should work on developing a network of specialised anchors
across its districts, each aligned to local strengths and industries:
(i) Khordha (Innovation City, Data Centres, GPU hub): Hub for GCCs,
AI-grade data infra, and advanced GPU manufacturing.
(ii) Cuttack (HealthTech & MedTech): Leveraging AIIMS and SCB
Medical College for AI diagnostics, biomedical R&D, and MedTech
startups.
(iii) Jagatsinghpur-Khordha Corridor (Manufacturing Tech & Industry
4.0): Advanced manufacturing clusters integrating automation,
robotics, semiconductors, and server/hardware design.
(iv) Odisha’s Agricultural Belt (Agri-Tech & Food Systems): Precision
farming, AI-driven crop analytics, agri-robotics, and sustainable
food systems linked to regional research institutions.
(v) Paradeep (Maritime & Climate-Tech): Smart port logistics, mari-
time security, and climate-resilient technologies.
(vi) Puri (Digital Tourism & Creative Tech): Immersive tourism, AR/VR,
and cultural technology experiences.
This distributed ecosystem ensures that IT does not operate in isolation,
but becomes the digital backbone across the different growth drivers of
the region like manufacturing, logistics, agriculture, healthcare, tourism,
and creative industries.
35 IDC, 2023; Reuters, 2023
36 Startup Odisha Annual Report, 2023 65 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
By embedding these pillars within a distributed innovation ecosystem,
BCPPER can position itself as an innovation hub by 2047.
8.3 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Establish GCC Cluster and IT City
Location: Khordha (Innovation City, near Bhubaneswar airport & metro corridor)
Infrastructure Development: Build grade-A office campuses, plug-and-play IT
towers, and integrated housing/social infra.
Incentives: Dedicated incentive framework to attract Fortune 500 firms.
Innovation Hub: Co-locate GCCs, ER&D labs, and training centres for AI, Cloud, and
Cybersecurity.
Institutional Support: Form an SPV to drive land allocation, clearances, and PPP
partnerships with developers.
Value Addition:
• Attract 10+ GCCs in 5 years.
• Create high-value jobs and position Odisha on the global GCC map.
• Strengthen industry-academia linkages with IIT/IIIT/NISER.
2. Develop ER&D Focus Centres across BCPPER
Location: Paradeep (Maritime & Climate-Tech); Cuttack (MedTech); Khordha
(Cybersecurity & AI); Jagatsinghpur-Khordha Corridor (Manufacturing Tech &
Industry 4.0); Agricultural Belt (AgriTech & Food Systems).
Applied R&D Hubs: Establish sector-specific CoEs aligned with district strengths
Partnerships: Collaborate with IIT Bhubaneswar, IIIT, AIIMS, SCB Medical College,
agricultural universities, and industry leaders.
Facilities: Build simulation labs, testing facilities, and R&D clusters in MedTech
(diagnostics, biomedical devices), Manufacturing Tech (automation, robotics,
server/hardware design), Agri-Tech (precision farming), and Maritime-Tech (smart
port logistics).
Value Addition:
• Diversify IT beyond services into deep-tech and product innovation.
• Position BCPPER as a leader in medtech, agri-Tech, manufacturing tech, and
maritime-tech.
• Generate high-value IP, patents, and spillovers into healthcare, industry,
logistics, and agriculture. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 66
3. Establish AI Innovation City & Data Centre Corridor
Location: Khordha
Data Centres: Build AI-grade, green data centres with dual-grid power and
renewable integration.
AI Infrastructure: Create GPU-as-a-Service platforms for startups, GCCs, and
academia.
Urban Integration: Innovation City designed as a smart campus with research
parks, co-working spaces, and incubators.
Value Addition:
• Position BCPPER as East India’s AI and digital infra hub.
• Attract US$ 1-2 Bn investments by 2030.
• Enable local firms and startups to access advanced compute capacity.
4. Establish GPU & Server Manufacturing Hub
Location: Khordha
Hardware Manufacturing: Set up units for GPUs, servers, and high-performance
computing components.
R&D Partnership: Collaborate with CDAC and IIT Bhubaneswar for indigenous
hardware design.
Value Addition:
• Reduce import reliance for AI hardware.
• Create an advanced manufacturing niche for Odisha.
• Generate high-skill jobs in digital hardware and design.
5. Strengthen Startup Acceleration & Innovation Ecosystem
Location: Bhubaneswar (Innovation City), linked with 35 incubators across BCPPER
Acceleration Programs: Create sectoral accelerators in agri-tech, med-tech,
manufacturing tech, cybersecurity, and maritime-tech.
Funding Mechanisms: Launch a state-backed co-investment fund with global VC
partnerships.
Global Exposure: Host annual East India Tech Summit to attract investors, mentors,
and corporates.
Value Addition:
• Scale Odisha’s 2,200+ startups into globally competitive ventures.
• Integrate startups into the GCC and ER&D ecosystem.
• Position BCPPER as a regional startup hub with global linkages. 67 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 8.5: Locations of projects
B. Policy Recommendations
1. Dedicated GCC Policy
Focus Areas: High-value IT & GCCs
Provide incentives for GCCs across digital domains such as AI, cybersecurity, ER&D,
data analytics, and fintech, aligned with the broader IT Policy 2.0 framework.
Offer rental subsidies, payroll support, and fast-track approvals. Benchmark policy
framework on successful models from Karnataka, UP, and Gujarat. Offer rental
subsidies, payroll support, and fast-track approvals benchmark policy framework on
successful models from Karnataka, UP, and Gujarat.
2. Data Centre Policy
Focus Areas: Digital infrastructure & AI-readiness
• Extend capital and operation expenditure subsidies for AI-grade data centres.
• Ensure renewable integration, dual-grid reliability, and incentives for green
cooling.
• Position BCPPER as East India’s primary hub for hyperscale data centres.
3. IT Policy 2.0 (Next-Gen Focus)
Focus Areas: Emerging technologies & R&D
• Expand Odisha’s IT framework to cover AI, quantum, GPU-cloud, and
cybersecurity.
• Introduce patent reimbursements, R&D-linked incentives, and deep-tech skilling
initiatives.
• Align with India-AI Mission and national semiconductor roadmap to future-proof
the ecosystem. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 68 69 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
9
Real Estate
Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 70
9.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The Indian real estate sector is poised at an inflection point and is projected to
reach US$ 5.8 trillion by 2047
37
. Powered by structured investments, regulatory
reforms, urbanisation and rising income levels, it is expected to transcend the
social, economic, and environmental realms. Supported by an enabling policy
framework, the last decade witnessed the unlocking of real estate investment
opportunities.
Rapid urbanisation is leading to a surge in property demand, offering lucrative
real estate investment opportunities even in Tier I and II cities, which are shaping
up as major engines of real estate growth.
In Odisha, real estate is projected to play a pivotal role in driving economic
growth in the coming years, with its share in the service sector expected to
rise significantly. In FY 2023-24, real estate and professional services together
accounted for 16% of Odisha’s Services GSVA
38
. The sector is poised to become
a major driver of the service sector by 2047, with Bhubaneswar, in particular,
witnessing robust residential and infrastructure expansion, fueled by its growing
IT and industrial base.
Over the past five years, Bhubaneswar has seen a noticeable increase in real-
estate projects registered under the Odisha RERA, in particular from 2021
onwards. These projects span residential, mixed-use and plotted development
types, especially in expanding peripheral and newly developing localities
like Patrapada, Jharpada, Sundarpada, Khordha outskirts as well as under
development authority jurisdictions. The setting up of RERA has been a catalyst
that improved transparency for buyers with project details (promoter, timeline,
approvals) being more accessible, thereby reducing risk compared to earlier
unregulated launches. The city’s new supply is dominated by 3BHK and 4BHK
units, underscoring strong demand in the mid-range and luxury housing segment.
The development of major mega infrastructure projects is giving a further boost
to this trend.
Going beyond Bhubaneswar, the BCPPER as a whole offers significant advantages,
including a strong base of key industries such as IT/ITES, tourism, textiles, the
presence of world-class institutions, a skilled talent pool, favourable conditions
for economic development, and proactive growth-oriented policies driven by
multiple economic drivers.
37 India Real estate industry analysis (2025): Indian Brand Equity Foundation
38 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha 71 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 9.1 : Tentative location of upcoming real estate projects in BCPPER
As an education hub, the region generates demand for student housing, faculty
residences and institutional infrastructure. Its role as a manufacturing hub,
supported by industrial corridors, creates opportunities for industrial parks,
logistics facilities, and affordable worker housing. The expansion of IT/ITES is
spurring demand for modern office spaces, co-working hubs, and integrated
residential townships for professionals.
Tourism further strengthens real estate prospects, with rising requirements for
hotels, resorts, serviced apartments, and leisure infrastructure. Growth in textiles,
chemicals, and ports-led development is fueling demand for specialised industrial
clusters, warehousing, and residential clusters linked to trade activities. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 72
Beyond responding to sectoral needs, real estate acts as a catalyst, enabling
competitiveness, talent retention, and quality of life. In BCPPER, it will not only
benefit from but also accelerate growth across education, industry, services,
tourism, and other sectors.
In this context, the real estate sector in BCPPER holds a strategic position,
leveraging its inherent strengths and unique advantages, while also navigating
sector-specific challenges as mentioned in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1 : Opportunities and Challenges in the Real Estate Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• New planned or expanding urban/
suburban growth zones: Outside the
core city, but connected by good roads
or upcoming transit infrastructure.
• Strong demand for Affordable
Housing & Rental Housing: Rising
demand among migrant workers,
students, and young professionals for
affordable rentals or budget-friendly
apartments.
• Emphasis on New Smart/Green
Infrastructure: Projects that integrate
eco-friendly features (solar, water
management, open spaces) may
command premiums.
• Commercial & Mixed-Use
development: Demand for retail, co-
working, office spaces as BCPPER
expands as an education, IT/ITES,
health-care hub. Mixed-use projects
(residential + retail/office) can capture
multiple income streams.
• Planning Policy & Regulatory
Reforms: Single-window clearances
and incentive policies lower delays
and cost risk.
• Infrastructure Gaps in Peripheral
Areas: Lag in provision of basic
services: drainage, sewage, solid
waste, reliable water supply, and
public transport.
• Rental Market Weaknesses:
Low investor confidence in rental
yields limits the sector’s maturity.
• Dependence on a Few Growth
Drivers: Real estate demand is
heavily linked to government
jobs, education hubs, and IT/ITES
growth.
• Land Acquisition & Title Issues:
Problem relating to land titles,
encroachments, or pending
litigation.
• Natural Disaster Vulnerability:
Odisha’s exposure to cyclones and
floods poses risks to coastal and
peri-urban real estate.
• Over-Supply in Certain Segments:
Could lead to unsold inventories
and stressed projects, if demand
does not keep up with approvals.
9.2 The Approach: Connectivity Infrastructure-led Sustainable Real Estate Growth
in BCPPER
Potential demand for real estate in BCPPER is expected from improved
connectivity, demand from neighbouring regions, growth in manufacturing and 73 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
tertiary sectors, high-quality and aspirational Liveability goals, and the need for
developing satellite cities to decongest Bhubaneswar and Cuttack.
The proposed approach seeks to foster sustainable real estate growth by
leveraging connectivity infrastructure as a catalyst for urban development, with
the following focus areas:
(i) Creation of Sustainable Greenfield Townships with Integrated Mixed-
Use Development: Planning and developing new townships that combine
residential, commercial, institutional and recreational spaces in a cohesive
and well-organised manner. By prioritising infrastructure development, these
townships emerge in peripheral and surrounding areas, reducing pressure on
congested city cores. Such integrated hubs promote self-sufficient, livable
communities while enabling structured urban expansion that balances
growth with environmental, Liveability and social sustainability.
(ii) Decongestion of the Urban Areas: Redirecting development toward
strategically connected peripheral zones helps alleviate overcrowding in the
Central Business District and other congested urban areas. By synchronising
infrastructure investments with planned urban growth, this strategy ensures
improved mobility, efficient land use, and enhanced urban livability. It also
supports long-term economic vitality while maintaining environmental
balance, creating a more resilient and sustainable urban framework. The
Urban Challenge Fund (UCF) being implemented by Ministry of Housing &
Urban Affairs (MoHUA), can be leveraged for funding creative redevelopment
of Central Business Districts and historic cores of the cities.
9.3 Key Strategic Recommendations
BCPPER is projected to witness a significant surge in real estate demand, driven
by its emergence as a multi-sector growth hub. Over the next decade, the region
is expected to have:
(i) Demand for new housing units: Catering to the diverse housing needs
of professionals, industrial workers, students, and migrants, with a strong
demand for affordable options such as rental housing, workers’ housing or
dormitories, working women’s hostels, and student hostels.
(ii) 2-3 new planned satellite cities for Bhubaneswar: To ease pressure on
Bhubaneswar’s core and design as self-sufficient hubs with residential,
commercial, and institutional infrastructure.
(iii) New greenfield townships along outer ring road: Well-planned communities
with integrated amenities, ensuring sustainable urban expansion.
(iv) New premium hotel rooms: Rise of tourism, business travel, and cultural
events is expected to create demand.
(v) 50+ TOD developments with integrated land: Integrating residential,
commercial, and recreational spaces around metro and high-capacity transit
nodes. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 74
Figure 9.2 : Indicative location of proposed infrastructure generating real estate demand
9.4 Proposed Policy Interventions
To meet the expected demand and realise the potential growth of real estate as
the key growth driver in BCPPER, the Government of Odisha needs to enable
following critical policy interventions:
(i) Adoption of a Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Policy
The state should formulate and notify a TOD policy, drawing guidance from
the National Transit Oriented Development Policy issued by the MoHUA in
2017. The policy may be further customised to align with the specific needs
and requirements articulated in the economic vision for the region. 75 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
TOD policy will promote compact, mixed-use and pedestrian-friendly
development around major transit corridors. This approach supports higher-
density development rail, and bus rapid transit stations, thereby enhancing
accessibility, reducing congestion, and lowering carbon emissions. Within
the influence zone of the area around transit stations (e.g., 500-800 m),
allowable FAR can be raised to 1.5 - 2 times of the existing permissible FAR,
allowing mixed-use development.
To cater to the demand for affordable housing in the region, it is also
recommended that cities should earmark areas near TOD precincts exclusively
for affordable housing. Within the earmarked areas, the allowable FAR may
be increased beyond the existing permissible FAR as per requirements.
TOD will not only optimise land use but also facilitate a more efficient
distribution of growth in the region, especially around Bhubaneswar and
the planned satellite cities.
(ii) Adoption of a New Land Value Capture (LVC) Policy
It is recommended that the State adopt and notify a Land Value
Capture policy, drawing on the Value Capture Finance Policy, 2017
39
framework of MoHUA, to create dedicated revenue streams for urban
development.
The policy would enable the State to capture a share of the incremental
land and property values arising from public investments in infrastructure
projects such as roads, transit corridors, and industrial hubs.
While promoting commercial real estate and infrastructure, equal focus
needs to be given to affordable housing. To increase land availability for
this segment it is recommended that the State designate specific affordable
housing zones within city master plans, allocating at least 10% of all
residential land for this purpose.
By institutionalising Land Value Capture, the State can reduce its reliance
on conventional funding sources, ensure the fiscal sustainability of urban
expansion, and promote greater equity by redistributing part of the land
value gains for public benefit. The funds mobilised through this mechanism
can be strategically reinvested into strengthening infrastructure networks,
expanding the stock of affordable housing, and promoting planned urban
growth. This approach will help the State create resilient, inclusive and
future-ready cities.
39 Value Capture Finance (VCF) Policy (2017), MoHUA Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 76 77 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
10
Port-led Development
Support Port-led growth in
BCPPER: Unlocking Maritime
Potential Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 78
10.1 Sectoral Snapshot
Globally, seaborne trade is the backbone of international trade, carrying ~80% of
global merchandise by volume
40
and ~70% by value
41
. Cargo throughput stood at
12,000 MMT in 2022 and is projected to rise to 45,000 MMT by 2047, driven by
demand in Asia and Africa, reflecting the long-term resilience of sea trade
42
.
Despite the dominance of bulk cargo (about 75%), there is an evident shift in
cargo mix towards containerised trade, which is expected to rise from 25% in 2022
to 33% by 2047, driven by manufacturing, consumer demand, and e-commerce
43
.
Globally, following high performing ports present some of the best case studies:
●Singapore (Jurong Island SEZ): Integrated port-industrial hub generating
US$ 60 Bn exports and 100,000+ jobs.
●Rotterdam (Netherlands): 40% container traffic via inland waterways,
lowering logistics costs and carbon footprint.
●Shanghai & Shenzhen (China): Port–industrial complexes integrated with
global electronics and heavy manufacturing clusters.
Figure 10.1 Global top container ports by volume 2023 (Mn TEU*)
India manages around 12% of global cargo volumes, with a capacity of 2600-
2700 MTPA, but capacity utilisation stands at 55–60% across 12 major and 200+
minor ports . Indian ports handled 1617 MTPA Cargo in FY 2023-24. 85% of India’s
cargo is managed by 5 states (Gujarat 38%, Maharashtra 15%, Andhra Pradesh
13%, Odisha 12%, & Tamil Nadu 9%).
40 United Nations Conference On Trade And Development Review of Maritime Transport
41 Review of Maritime Transport (2022): United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
42 Maritime Transport Statistics Update (2023): UN Conference on Trade and Development
43 Maritime Transport Statistics Update (2023): UN Conference on Trade and Development 79 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 10.2: Major & minor ports of India
The port sector in India fares poorly on most of the factors when compared
to global leaders. There continues to be heavy dependence on bulk cargo with
limited containerisation that stands only at 25% as against 60–70% globally.
Logistics costs are high at 13–14% of GDP as against the OECD norms of ~8–
10%
44
with persistent inefficiencies in evacuation and container scarcity. Despite
substantial available capacity, inland water transport handles less than 10% of
freight, far below global peers.
Over the last decade, the policy landscape witnessed several far-reaching changes
with concerted initiatives towards developing the ports sector, including:
●Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047: Raising cargo capacity beyond 10,000+
MTPA, placing 4 Indian ports in the global top 20, 100% green & smart ports
and a strategic push for port-proximate industrialisation.
44 Logistic Performance Index (2019): OECD Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 80
●Sagarmala: Envisions modernisation of ports, connectivity enhancement, port-
led industrialisation, coastal shipping, inland transport, & coastal community
development.
●PM Gati Shakti: Integration of multimodal connectivity to ports.
Odisha has the eighth-longest coastline in India (480 km), encompassing 6
coastal districts, and contributes ~13% of India’s cargo throughput. The State
has one major port (Paradip) and two minor ports (Dhamra and Gopalpur),
with multiple greenfield ports under development.
Table 10.1: Port in Odisha
Paradip Port (Major Port) Dhamra Port (Adani)
Gopalpur Port
(Adani)
• Installed Capacity: 289 MTPA
• Throughput: 145.4 MMT (FY24)
• Utilisation: ~48%.
• Major Exports: Coal (thermal &
coking), fertilisers, iron ore;
• Major Imports: POL (petroleum, oil,
lubricants), machinery, chemicals
• Paradeep has 15 berths and 3
SPMs. The 15 berths comprise 3
mechanised berths, 7 general cargo
conventional berths, 2 oil jetty and
3 dedicated berths.
• Capacity - 45
MTPA
• Throughput: 42.6
MMT FY24
• Commodities:
Dry bulk cargo
(both thermal/
imported &
coking), iron ore,
limestone and
LNG (5MTPA)
• Capacity - 20
MTPA
• Throughput: 11.4
MMT FY24
• Commodities:
Dry bulk minerals
(iron ore,
limestone, coal)
& LNG (5MTPA
proposed)
Total exports from the state in FY24 totalled US$ 11.93 Bn, dominated by
engineering goods (59.7%), iron ore (21.3%) and petroleum products (7.9%)
45
.
Containerised cargo is negligible (<0.1% at Paradip). Despite a higher capacity
compared with its neighbouring ports like Vizag (82 MMT) and Haldia (67 MMT),
the performance of the Paradip port comparatively remains on the lower side.
BCPPER is envisaged to be an industrial and logistics hub, combining Paradip
port, planned greenfield sites (Astaranga, Baliharchandi and Mahanadi Riverine),
inland waterways (NW-64), and industrial projects like IOCL’s refinery and the
proposed Coastal Economic Zones (CEZs).
The region has good connectivity, including:
• Rail: 3000 km network, Paradeep linked to East Coast Railway, Cuttack–
Paradeep corridor & Proposed DFC.
• Road: NH-53, coastal highway (Bharatmala planned), PCPIR corridor.
• Air: Bhubaneswar airport; Puri & Paradeep airports proposed.
45 Odisha Trade Data FY 23-24 (2023): NIRYAT Portal 81 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Inland Water Transport: NW-64 (underutilised for freight movement) passes
through Cuttack & Jagatsinghpur.
• Link to Angul -Sambalpur Coal corridor, proximity to Mining & Steel plants.
• Presence of IOCL Refinery (15 MTPA, US $ 4 Bn), proposed JSW steel plant (13
MTPA, US $ 7 Bn Investment) near Paradip port.
Many new projects are already under implementation or at the planning stage,
including:
• Astaranga Port: Greenfield with scope for fisheries, tourism & manufacturing.
• Baliharchandi Port: Greenfield, with tourism and cruise potential.
• Mahanadi Riverine Port: IWT-based multi-cargo hub & upcoming shipbuilding
facility.
• Jatadhar Muhan captive jetty: Proposed JSW Steel Plant (52 MTPA).
Figure 10.3: Infrastructure inventory – existing vs. planned projects in BCPPER
Most of the planned projects are either delayed or not on track. The region, while
boasting of presence of a good ecosystem, presents several challenges that need
to be addressed, as brought out in Table 10.2. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 82
Table 10.2: Opportunities & Challenges in Port Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Strategic location & hinterland
reach: Ideal coastal position
for maritime trade (Vietnam,
Indonesia, Cambodia), connects
vast hinterland, major entry
points.
• Paradip port has a good draft (16.5
m deep), handles massive cargo
volume, & expansion potential up
to 500+ MTPA by 2047.
• Development of greenfield
ports (Astaranga, Baliharchandi,
Mahanadi Riverine).
• CEZs and FTWZs to attract
petrochemical, steel, electronics,
capital and engineering goods,
and marine industries clusters.
• Green transition via green
hydrogen hub at Paradeep, aligned
with Harit Sagar guidelines.
• Tourism potential through
cruise terminals in Puri and
Jagatsinghpur.
• Underutilisation of inland waterway: NW-
64 and NW-5 waterways underutilised
due to reliance on road/rail, requiring
de-siltation and lacking terminals, jetties,
and infrastructure for cargo & passenger
movement.
• Paradip port not leveraging its full
capacity potential: 48% of the total
capacity was utilised in 2022-23.
Containerisation <0.1% at Paradip as
against 60–70% globally
46
.
• Connectivity gaps: No airport in
Paradeep, congested freight lines, weak
last-mile links.
• Cyclone and flood exposure (OSDMA
Atlas 2023)
47
.
• Land acquisition delays for greenfield
projects (e.g., Astaranga, Baliharchandi).
• Higher tariffs than Vizag/Haldia ports
reducing competitiveness.
• Competition from Vizag, Dhamra,and
Haldia ports in container cargo.
10.2 Proposed Approach
Odisha’s coastal districts enjoy a strategic location along the Bay of Bengal,
offering direct access to ASEAN markets. Proximity to iron ore, bauxite, and coal
provides a significant cost advantage, while logistics costs are nearly 20% lower
than inland hubs. Compared to other states, Odisha offers lower land costs, shorter
hinterland connectivity (100–150 km vs. 300 km in Tamil Nadu), less congestion
than Maharashtra, and deeper ports than Haldia (6.5–8 m). Supported by the
Odisha Industrial Policy 2022 and the Sagarmala–PM Gati Shakti convergence,
the region is rapidly emerging as a competitive hub for port-led industrial growth.
To enable port-led development of BCPPER, a holistic plan that helps leverage
existing assets while recognising how ports, connectivity and manufacturing
reinforce each other is required. The approach rests on six mutually-reinforcing
pillars, viz.: (i) Port expansion and modernisation; (ii) Multimodal connectivity;
(iii) Port-proximate industrialisation; (iv) Green transition and resilience; (v)
Operations optimisation with increased digitalisation; and (vi) Governance,
46 Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 (2024): Ministry of Port, Shipping and Waterway
47 Cyclone Risk Atlas (2023): Odisha State Disaster Management Authority 83 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
finance and human capital. Further these interventions need to align with
Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 and Sagarmala objectives to scale capacity,
increase containerisation and enable port-led manufacturing as detailed below:
• Port Expansion and Modernisation: The capacity utilisation of the Paradip
port needs to be scaled up to 350 MTPA by 2030 and 500+ MTPA by 2047
through berth deepening, development of new berths, mechanisation, and
focus on container terminal development. The development of Greenfield ports
at Astaranga, Baliharchandi and the Mahanadi riverine should be expedited
with clearly differentiated roles - industrial and fisheries at Astaranga; tourism
and cruise at Baliharchandi; and promote the Mahanadi riverine port as an
inland waterway and shipbuilding hub. This differentiated approach will ensure
balanced regional development & reduce congestion at Paradip.
• Multimodal Connectivity: Prioritise last-mile freight corridors, Dedicated
Freight Corridor links, access-controlled coastal highway and a regional
air cargo node at Paradeep. Simultaneously, the revival of NW-64/NW-5
waterways must be prioritised. Establishing a regional airport at Paradeep
alongside the proposed Puri airport will enhance both trade and tourism
flows. The connectivity part is further detailed in the ‘Integrated Transport &
Logistics’ chapter.
• Port-Proximate Manufacturing and Logistics Clustering: Create CEZs and
FTWZs around Paradip, Astaranga and Baliharchandi, integrate MMLPs and
ICDs for freight aggregation, and adopt land-use plans that reserve contiguous
parcels for logistics, heavy industry and associated services. Industrial cluster
design must include utilities, effluent management and common facilities
to lower operating risk to attract petrochemicals, steel, seafood processing,
electronics, engineering, and capital goods.
• Green Transition and Resilience: Implement Harit Sagar Green Port guidelines,
including shore power, electrification of equipment and phased green-fuel
bunkering (green hydrogen, ammonia/methanol). Position Paradip as a Green
Hydrogen Hub offering bunkering for methanol and ammonia. Existing and
planned ports to be complemented by renewable power integration, cyclone-
resilient port design and ESIA (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment)
led livelihood plans for fisheries.
• Operations Optimisation with Increased Digitalisation: Reduce turnaround
time, improve efficiency and transparency by leveraging technology (establish
integrated command & control centres, use blockchain trade systems, etc.)
• Governance, Finance, and Skills: Strengthen Odisha Maritime Board and
establish a Regional Planning Industrial Development Authority for cross-
district project delivery; structure PPPs (DBFOT/BOOST) with targeted
viability gap funding for strategic greenfield works; mobilise concessional
climate finance for decarbonisation. Parallelly, set up a Maritime CoE for green
fuels, port automation and shipbuilding skills. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 84
It is further recommended that a phased approach be adopted, including:
(1) Short (0–5 yrs): Paradip port efficiency drive (dredging, mechanisation),
NW-64 pilot, FTWZ/ICD site selection, ICCC pilot, tariff rationalisation and
PPP procurement, start of Astaranga/Baliharchandi/Mahanadi riverine/
Jatadhar Muhan jetty works
(2) Medium (5–10 yrs): Complete Paradip expansion phases, Paradip container
berth development, domestic trans-shipment hub, operationalise Astaranga/
Baliharchandi, build Paradeep regional airport, DFC link completion, green-
hydrogen pilot plant and MMLPs online
(3) Long (10–20 yrs): Paradip port 500+ MTPA, full CEZ operations, Astaranga
container berth development, mature green-bunkering export hub, modal
shift to IWT, full multimodal integration with ASEAN, with continuous tech
upgrades.
10.3 Proposed Projects and Policy Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Develop FTWZs
Location: Paradip, Astaranga & Bhubaneswar
• Logistics & Warehousing: Automated high-rack warehouses, bonded storage,
temperature-controlled zones
• Customs & Trade: On-site Customs Clearance Facility (CCF), EDI/ICEGATE
systems, single-window export desks
• Transport Integration: Dedicated Road to ports, truck terminals, container freight
stations
• Utilities: 24x7 power supply, telecom & internet, RFID and GPS tracking, drone
surveillance
• Establish airport near Paradeep port for cargo movement
2. Develop ICDs
Location: Paradip, Bhubaneswar, Astaranga Port
• ICDs will serve as central hubs for aggregating freight
• Logistics container handling yard for loaded/empty containers, on-site customs
station, bonded warehousing, truck parking and entry/exit bays, temperature-
controlled and bonded warehouses 85 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3. Establish Logistic Park
Location: Astaranga port Puri & DFC junction Khordha
• In line with Odisha Logistics Policy 2022 to develop Multi-Modal Logistics Park to
ensure seamless first-mile and last-mile cargo handling
• Proximity to Paradip Port, Gopalpur port, will serve nearby CEZs and industrial
zones, facilitating bulk movement of goods to inland
• MoRTH & IDCO has already proposed MMLPs near Paradeep port there needs to
be a Logistics Park to support the port based activities
• Integrated transportation facilities (rail and road connectivity, container handling),
warehousing and storage, business support services, etc.
4. Expansion of Container Capacity at Paradip Port and Development of Container
Terminal at Astaranga
Building on the proposed 2 lakh TEU container terminal at Paradip, the project
envisions a Phase-II expansion to 1 million TEU with integrated logistics infrastructure—
including CFSs, multimodal road–rail connectivity to ICDs, and port-proximate
warehousing. Based on feasibility, an additional 1 million TEU container terminal
may be developed at the upcoming Astaranga Port or through further expansion
at Paradip. Together, these initiatives will enhance Odisha’s competitiveness against
Vizag & Haldia, while capturing Nepal-bound and hinterland (Chhattisgarh, Bihar,
West Bengal, Northeast) container traffic.
5. Leading Ship Building & Repair Hub
Location: Mahanadi riverine port in Kendrapara & Jagatsinghpur
• Proposed Odisha shipyard to be developed into a state-of-the-art facility for
large and short-sea vessels.
• The proposed shipbuilding hub may include establishing a Design and Innovation
Centre for green vessel technology, a Skill Development Academy under Skill
Odisha, and adoption of green shipbuilding practices with renewable energy and
international standards.
• It should also promote ancillary manufacturing units for engines and navigation
systems, along with financial incentives and export facilitation mechanisms to
attract private and global investments.
6. E-Methanol & Green Hydrogen Hub
Location: Paradip port & Astaranga
• MoPSW aims to establish Green Ammonia bunkers and refueling facilities at all
Major Ports by 2035.
• Current Facilities: Proposal of green hydrogen plant at Paradeep port.
• Supporting Infrastructure: Green methanol and ammonia bunkering and refueling
facilities.
7. Develop National Waterways NW-64 & NW-5 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 86
Focus on desilting, dredging, and terminal development with fiscal incentives to
promote inland water transport and link Odisha’s industrial hubs with Paradip and
Dhamra ports.
8. Development of Port Proximate Manufacturing Clusters with a Focus on Rare
Earth Metals
Leveraging Odisha’s rich beach sand mineral reserves and Paradip’s port
connectivity, the project proposes a rare earth processing and manufacturing cluster
to support critical mineral value chains for EVs, clean energy, and defence sectors—
complementing existing facilities at Gopalpur.
9. Follow Green Port Initiatives
• Electrification of Port equipments.
• Port crafts: Ports shall make efforts to retrofit port crafts (including tugs, pilot
boats, mooring boats, survey boats etc.) with available technology for propulsion
on cleaner and greener fuel in phased manner.
10. Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC)
Location: Astaranga, Mahanadi riverine & Baliharchandi Port
• In line with Odisha Port Policy for Technology Enablement for monitoring of port
operations, cargo flows, traffic management, and logistics hubs (FTWZs, ICDs,
MMLPs).
• To better manage the movement of cargo containers and other freight and reduce
the number of physical checks, induce transparency, ICCC allows predictive
analytics, faster response to disruptions, and optimised cargo routing.
• Based on hub & spoke model, the ICCC will be established at the state level and
connected with smaller control centres.
B. Policy Interventions
1. Containerisation Drive
Incentivise container liners through tariff rationalisation and faster clearances.
Develop ICDs and FTWZs to strengthen multimodal connectivity in line with the
National Logistics Policy (2022).
2. Providing Incentivise to Investors
Offer fiscal benefits for port-linked industries and logistics parks. Align incentives
with Odisha Industrial Policy 2022 and SagarMala objectives to attract anchor
investors in ship repair, cold chains, and coastal logistics.
3. Green Transition
Implement the Harit Sagar Guidelines 2023, promoting shore power, waste recycling,
and energy-efficient operations. Develop bunkering and retrofitting facilities for
green fuels (LNG, hydrogen, biofuels) to align with Maritime India Vision 2047.
4. Berthing Policy 87 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Formulate a transparent berthing policy specifying vessel prioritisation, turnaround
time norms, and performance-linked incentives. Align with the Major Port Authorities
Act (2021) to enhance efficiency and ensure uniformity across all regional ports.
5. Strenghening Governance
Empower Odisha Maritime Board for integrated port management. Establish Regional
Port & Industrial Development Authority (RPIDA) for coordinated port–industrial
development.
6. One Time Settlement Scheme
Introduce OTS to resolve long-pending dues and disputes. Model the scheme on the
Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) guidelines to improve financial
health & investor confidence.
7. Skill Development
Launch a Port and Logistics Skill Hub in collaboration with state universities and
maritime institutes to build a trained workforce for emerging port sectors.
8. Digital Port Ecosystem
Adopt Port Community System 2.0 (PCS) for end-to-end digitalisation of port
operations, documentation, and cargo tracking aligned with the National Maritime
Single Window initiative.
Figure 10.4: Location of key projects across BCPPER Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 88 89 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
11
Integrated
Transport &
Logistics Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 90
11.1 Sectoral Snapshot
India currently is a mid-sized player in the global logistics sector. Improving
efficiency and reducing costs from approximately 14% of the GDP to 8-10% will
bring India closer to the standards of the developed countries. The national vision
aims at achieving a balanced modal balance by increasing the share of railways in
freight traffic to 45% by 2050
48
.
In Odisha, roads dominate freight transport, and shifting a greater share to rail
and waterways is the key to achieving a better modal balance. While the state
has a substantial network of waterways, they are currently underutilised, and its
air connectivity is limited due to low intra and inter-state flight connectivity, as
highlighted in the Odisha Vision 2047.
For the BCPPER, this sector offers huge potential to drive inclusive development.
Expanding highways and freight corridors, modernising rail, ports, and airports,
and strengthening urban transit can open new opportunities for businesses
and communities alike. By building a modern, multimodal network, BCPPER
can ensure faster, cheaper, and greener connectivity laying the foundation for
balanced and sustainable growth.
While BCPPER already has a good connectivity network including many new
mega projects either under implementation or at the planning stage, it faces
distinct challenges. Its existing road network requires improvement, particularly
along the coastal belt, and urban public transport is limited, with only an 8% mode
share in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack region
49
. However, the region benefits from
its strategic location, with close proximity to Paradip port, upcoming non-major
ports, airports, and industrial hubs. With its multimodal potential, the region can
leverage upcoming ports, highways and new rail links, to significantly enhance
connectivity. This will help reduce logistics costs, decongest urban centres, boost
tourism and manufacturing and strengthen exports in alignment with the Odisha
Vision 2047. To leverage the opportunities the State needs to address several
challenges brought out in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1: Opportunities and Challenges: Transport & Logistics Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Strategic Location Advantage:
Proximity to Paradip port,
upcoming non-major ports,
Bhubaneswar airport, and
industrial hubs positions the
region as a multimodal logistics
gateway for eastern India.
• Road Connectivity: The region continues
to face significant challenges in road
infrastructure and connectivity. In
particular, the region lacks access to high-
quality road networks, and the coastal
belt remains poorly connected.
48 National Rail Plan for India 2030 (2022): Ministry of Railway
49 Comprehensive Action Plan for Clean Air(2021): Cuttack. Air Quality Monitoring Committee, Odisha 91 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Rail Capacity Expansion: DFC
and new strategic rail links will
ease congestion on passenger
lines, reduce logistics costs, and
provide direct port-to-hinterland
connectivity.
• Urban Mobility Improvements:
Mass public transit project
and scaling up of bus fleet will
improve regional mobility and
reduce dependence on private
vehicles.
• Investment Attraction: Odisha
Vision 2047 and maritime policy
emphasise logistics parks, coastal
highways, and smart transport
infrastructure, creating space for
public-private partnerships and
green mobility innovations.
• Rail Congestion: Freight and passenger
trains share the same rail lines, leading to
significant congestion and delays.
• Limited Air Connectivity: The region has
inadequate air connectivity to support
both existing and upcoming ports,
restricting efficient cargo movement and
overall regional development.
• Need to Augment Urban Transport:
Urban public transport systems remain
inadequate, unable to meet the demands
of growing populations and expanding
economies.
• Limited Port Connectivity: Direct freight
connectivity to ports remains inadequate,
constraining efficient movement of
goods and impacting export-oriented
manufacturing.
11.2 Key Goals for making BCPPER a Multimodal Transport Hub
The Economic Plan identifies the following three overarching goals (Figure 11.1)
for developing the connectivity and logistics sector of the region.
Figure 11.1: Key goals for making BCPPER a multimodal transport hub
Meeting the above goals would require planning for a comprehensive multimodal
transportation system that supports the growth strategy by enhancing capacity
and efficiency in the movement of goods, services, and people of BCPPER. The Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 92
Plan outlines a four-pronged approach to establish the region as a multimodal
hub, which focuses on expanding road and rail networks, developing new airports,
strengthening inland waterways, and establishing MMLPs. In addition, the strategy
proposes a focus on urban transport with planned bus augmentation and regional
rail transit, and TOD to support the overall goal of improved connectivity and
economic growth.
(i) Expand and Improve Road Network
Ports, industrial hubs and heritage sites rely on seamless access to markets
and people, yet existing infrastructure remains inadequate. The Economic
Plan proposes to expedite the ongoing and planned projects, including
the coastal road, as well as the inner, outer and capital region ring road.
Building these corridors is essential not only for trade and logistics but also
for boosting tourism, attracting investment, and ensuring balanced regional
growth.
Figure 11.2: Road connectivity - planned and proposed
In addition to the above, the following new projects are proposed to improve
road connectivity:
• Develop direct road connectivity from Bhubaneswar airport to Paradeep,
a new four-lane road connecting Paradeep directly with Bhubaneswar to
reduce travel distance and improve logistics efficiency.
• Upgrade the Pipli to Konark highway to enhance safety, cut travel time,
and strengthen access to the UNESCO World Heritage Site Konark Sun
Temple, supporting tourism and local economies.
• Develop the Phulnakhra - Astaranga port corridor to enable efficient
freight movement, support upcoming port operations and foster
industrial growth. 93 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Four-Lane Cuttack (Tangi) to Chandabali to link inter-district routes
with coastal districts Kendrapada and Bhadrak via Cuttack and enhance
connectivity to northern Odisha’s industrial and port regions, reduce
congestion, and improve the efficiency of cargo and passenger transport.
(ii) Accelerate Rail Upgradation Projects
Upgrading the rail network is essential to improve modal balance, which
is presently skewed towards road travel, and to reduce congestion on
corridors that currently carry both passenger and freight traffic. To
strengthen capacity and improve efficiency, it is proposed to give priority
to expediting the following projects, which are either under implementation
or at a planning stage:
• Orbital Corridor for Golden Triangle of Odisha: Puri – Konark –
Bhubaneswar:
- New rail link from Puri to Konark, enhancing connectivity to a key
heritage destination.
- Konark to Bhubaneswar via Gopa & Nimapada, for improving regional
mobility and supporting tourism and local development.
• Rail line parallel to 6-Lane Access-Controlled Greenfield Capital Region
Ring Road (Bhubaneswar Bypass) from Rameshwar to Tangi:
- Rajathgarh (Cuttack District) to Kaipadar Road (Khordha District),
to ensure seamless movement of south bound freight trains from
Talcher-Sambalpur area providing an alternate route to congested
passenger route of Cuttack- Bhubaneswar- Khurda Road
50
.
• East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor (Kharagpur–Vijayawada, 1,080
km), which will pass through West Bengal, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
It is vital for transforming India’s rail and logistics system by eliminating
the inefficiencies caused by freight and passenger trains sharing the
same tracks.
• Third and fourth lines along the Haridaspur-Vizianagaram and Cuttack–
Paradeep corridors.
• New Line between Angul and Nayagarh Town for connecting hinterland
and unserved areas of Cuttack District (Narsinghpur-Baramba) and
facilitating freight movement for coal and power plants.
In addition to the above, the following new projects are proposed to further
strengthen rail connectivity to ports.
• Coastal rail corridor connecting Paradeep with Puri (via planned Konark
rail link) and upcoming non-major ports at Astaranga, Baliharchandi and
Jatadhar Muhan captive jetty.
• A spur line linking Paradip port to the planned East Coast DFC is proposed
for establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection and improving
port–hinterland linkages.
50 Final location survey (FLS) sanctioned Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 94
• Paradeep - Talcher - Jharsuguda Dedicated Freight Corridor for
establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection and improving
port–hinterland linkages for coal fields, power plants & steel sector.
Figure 11.3: Rail connectivity - planned and proposed
Together, these projects will expand rail capacity, decongest passenger lines,
and create seamless multimodal connectivity. The proposed coastal rail corridor,
in particular, will improve access to ports, coastal tourism hubs, integrate the
coastal belt with the national rail network, enhance cargo movement, and
stimulate trade, tourism, and regional development. A feasibility study should be
undertaken to evaluate coastal rail alignment, costs, and environmental aspects,
ensuring sustainable and time-bound implementation of this important initiative.
In subsequent phases, the corridor can be extended to connect other key and
emerging ports, including Dhamra, Subarnarekha and Gopalpur, as well as the
other upcoming non-major ports in the State.
(iii) Build New Airports, MMLPs and Associated Infrastructure for Inland
Waterway
Building new airports, MMLPs and associated infrastructure for inland
waterways is essential to enhance multimodal connectivity, boost trade,
and support economic growth in BCPPER.
(a) Air Connectivity: BCPPER is currently served solely by the Biju Patnaik
International Airport in Bhubaneswar. Expanding air connectivity is
vital to boost tourism, industry, and trade. To improve air connectivity,
the implementation of the airport at Puri (to serve global pilgrimage
and tourism flows) needs to be expedited, and a new airport to be
developed at Paradeep that would help strengthen port connectivity
for both cargo and business travel. Presently, Paradip port, one of India’s
major ports, is served by Bhubaneswar Airport, which is approximately 95 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
115 km away. The absence of an airport in Paradeep limits the potential
for handling low-volume, high-value cargo efficiently. Establishing an
airport or dedicated air cargo facility near Paradeep could significantly
enhance logistics capabilities.
In addition, the Economic Plan also proposes adopting cost-effective
infrastructure solutions to further strengthen air connectivity by
investing in the development of small airstrips with mobile ATC towers
and small prefabricated terminal buildings, ensuring rapid deployment
at lower capital cost. Proposed locations for these air strips include
the upcoming Astaranga Port, Konark, and Satkosia Tiger Reserve
to support regional connectivity, tourism, and logistics. In addition,
the development of helipads at Chilika Lake (Satpara and Barkul),
Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Chaudwar Industrial Area, Jagatsinghpur, and
Siali Beach can significantly improve last-mile access to key tourism,
industrial and coastal destinations.
The proposed location of these projects is given in Figure 11.4.
Figure 11.4 : Air connectivity planned and proposed
(b) Inland Waterway: National Waterway 64 (NW-64) passes through the
BCPPER (Figure 11.5), connecting Paradeep to Cuttack, offering an
opportunity to reduce logistics costs and balance the modal share of
freight by shifting traffic from other transport modes, thereby reducing
congestion. There is a need to accelerate the development of inland
waterways and associated infrastructure to boost logistics efficiency,
tourism, and trade in the region. The implementation of the inland
waterway terminal at Cuttack which is already part of existing plans Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 96
needs to be expedited. This project coupled with fairway development
along the Marsaghai-Cuttack stretch (including dredging and barrage
lock facilities) and modern navigation and safety infrastructure (traffic
management systems, collision avoidance, hydrographic surveys,
buoys, radar, and emergency response), would ensure safe, efficient,
and reliable year-round cargo and passenger movement along NW-
64
51
.
Figure 11.5: MMLPs and inland waterway (NW-64)
(c) MMLP: Developing MMLPs in the BCPPER is critical to enable seamless
multimodal connectivity, reduce logistics costs, and strengthen
warehousing and cargo handling infrastructure for ports, industry and
trade. Following interventions are proposed in this regard:
• Expedite the development of the 165-acre MMLP at Balipari-
Badabandha, Jagatsinghpur, to resolve the shortage of rail freight
terminals and meet the increasing cargo demand in Paradeep
52
. The
proposed MMLP will support the current industrial development,
but if the Economic Plan is executed as per proposed, an MMLP in
the proposed industrial area would be more suitable.
• Development of a 200-acre MMLP in Khordha district (near
Bhubaneswar) at the intersection of the planned DFC, proposed
industrial belt, and planned Bhubaneswar’s ring roads to serve as
a central logistics hub integrating road, rail, and inland waterways,
51 Masterplan for Integrated Logistics Corridor in Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara districts (Draft)
52 Masterplan for Integrated Logistics Corridor in Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara districts (draft) 97 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
with advanced warehousing, container handling, and value-added
services (Figure 11.5).
(iv) Urban Transport: The public transport system of BCPPER is predominantly
structured around bus-based services, with the Capital Region Urban
Transport or CRUT, Bhubaneswar (Ama Bus) operating a fleet of 415 buses
across the Khordha, Cuttack, and Puri districts. OSRTC supplements the
network with an additional 150 buses
53
. However, the current fleet size remains
inadequate when assessed against the national benchmark for the number
of buses per lakh population given by MoHUA. This shortfall underscores a
critical gap in service provision, necessitating augmentation of the fleet and
complementary measures to strengthen overall system capacity, integration
with other modes, and long-term sustainability of regional mobility. The
bus services need to be strengthened and supplemented by other modes,
and institutional changes undertaken for better planning. The following
interventions are proposed:
(a) Strengthen Bus Services:
• Fleet Expansion and Network Optimisation: Introduce 3,400 new
electric buses and establish 34 depots by 2034, while expanding
operations to additional cities to address growing mobility demands.
In addition to deployment of additional buses in existing, new, and
underserved areas the routes need to be redesigned to align them
emerging metro corridors.
• Mandate of CRUT: Extend operational responsibilities of CRUT
across the BCPPER, leveraging its capacity and experience to
manage all intra-regional bus services across Bhubaneswar, Cuttack,
Puri, and Jagatsinghpur.
• Bus Priority Measures: Implement dedicated lanes and signal
priority to enhance speed and reliability on congested routes.
• Multimodal Integration and Infrastructure Readiness: Integrate
buses and railway stations. Improve quality of infrastructure in
terms of accessing, waiting, and boarding buses. Develop new
depots and terminals, charging infra and digitalisation.
• Integrated Public and Private Bus Services: Onboard private bus
operators operating within the region and develop a comprehensive,
integrated map of both public and private bus services. Based on
this, an integrated service plan should be prepared to effectively
address the region’s mobility needs.
(b) Establishment of a Single Regional Transport Authority: Create
a unified Regional Transport Authority to ensure holistic planning,
regulation, and integration of all transport modes across BCPPER.
(c) Regional Rail: With the projected rise in population across the
region, the feasibility for introducing a regional rail service along the
Bhubaneswar–Puri corridor strengthens considerably. In conjunction
53 NITI Aayog survey Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 98
with other transit modes, regional rail will play a critical role in enhancing
mobility, decongesting existing road networks, and improving regional
connectivity. A 60 km rail-based mass transit system between
Bhubaneswar and Puri may be developed to enable seamless regional
mobility and catalyse religious and heritage tourism (Figure 11.6). A
detailed feasibility study should be undertaken to determine the most
suitable technology option—between a Regional Rapid Transit System
(RRTS), similar to the operational Delhi–Meerut “Namo Bharat” corridor,
or a Suburban Rail System, as implemented by K-RIDE in Bengaluru,
Karnataka.
Built Area Water Body Forest & Wetland
Bhubaneshwar – Puri Regional
Rail
Planned Infrastructure
Proposed Infrastructure
Airport
Figure 11.6: High-capacity transit corridor
(d) Transit-Oriented Development or TOD: To enable sustainable urban 99 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
growth and improve liveability, there is a need for transit-oriented
growth of both residential and employment-generating activities
in regional geographies that are centred upon high-capacity transit
station areas. Therefore, some of the needs, gaps, and opportunities are
linked to the planned expansion of an integrated high-capacity transit
network enabling integrated urban growth, improved accessibility, and
enhanced land-use efficiency around key transit nodes.
11.3 Proposed Interventions for Integrated Transport and Logistics in BCPPER
A. List of Projects
1. Road Connectivity
(i) Four-Lane Bhubaneswar to Paradeep (via Jagatsinghpur) - Greenfield - 75 km
• Paradeep Port does not have a direct road link to Bhubaneswar Airport.
• Currently, it is connected to Bhubaneswar via Cuttack through a two-lane National
Highway (114 km).
• Establishing a direct road connection between Bhubaneswar and Paradip Port
could reduce the travel distance by 25 to 30 km.
(ii) Four-Lane Pipli - Konark Highway (Upgradation or Greenfield) – 41 km
• Currently a two-lane road, the route faces safety issues, and may face limited
capacity in the future.
• For providing seamless connectivity to the Konark Sun Temple (UNESCO World
Heritage Site).
• Reduce travel time, improve safety, support tourism growth, and boost local
economic activity along the corridor.
• Handle future growth in tourist and vehicular traffic with better road capacity
and infrastructure.
(iii) Four-Lane Phulnakhra to Astaranga Port (Phulnakhra to Naili - Upgradation &
Naili to Astaranga - Greenfield) – 40 km
• The existing Phulnakhra – Astaranga route is primarily a two-lane undivided road,
with limited capacity and inadequate infrastructure to support future heavy
freight movement.
• For improving road safety and reducing travel time, handle projected freight
volume efficiently, support timely port construction and future operations and
promote future industrial and economic activity along the corridor.
(iv) Four-Lane Cuttack (Tangi) to Chandabali (Greenfield) – 83.8 km Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 100
• A Greenfield four-lane corridor is proposed to link inter-district routes with
coastal districts Kendrapada and Bhadrak via Cuttack.
• Will enhance travel speed, reduce congestion, and shorten travel time.
• For freight, it will enable efficient cargo movement, optimise routes, lower costs,
and improve regional competitiveness.
• Approximately 28 km out of 84 km will be inside BCPPER.
2. Rail Connectivity
(i) Coastal Rail Corridor connecting Paradeep to Konark (linking Paradeep with Puri
and upcoming non-major ports at Astaranga, Baliharchandi, and Jatadhar Muhan
captive jetty) – Greenfield – 70 km*
54
.
• The proposed Coastal Rail Corridor aims to connect Paradeep with Konark, linking
key destinations including Puri and upcoming non-major ports at Astaranga,
Baliharchandi, and Jatadhar Muhan.
• This corridor will enhance access to coastal tourism hubs, promote balanced
regional development by providing efficient inter-port connectivity, support
cargo movement, and strengthen regional trade and logistics.
(ii) Spur Line from Planned East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) to Paradip
Port – 80 km*
• For establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection between Paradip Port and
the national DFC network, improving port–hinterland linkages.
• Enables faster and more efficient cargo evacuation, reducing turnaround time and
logistics costs for industries.
• Decongests existing rail corridors currently shared with passenger traffic, improving
reliability, capacity and supporting industrial growth and trade expansion in the region.
(iii) Rail Connectivity Links for Planned Jatadhar Muhan Captive Jetty, Astaranga
and Baliharchandani Ports.
For integrating these ports into the regional and national rail network, improving
access to markets and hinterland industries.
(iv) Paradeep - Talcher - Jharsuguda Dedicated Freight Corridor
For establishing a direct, high-capacity freight connection and improving port–
hinterland linkages for coal fields, power plants & steel sector.
3. Air Connectivity
Air Fields
(i) Astaranga
54 *Subject to alignment and feasibility 101 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Proposed to support the upcoming port and industrial developments in the region.
• It will improve regional connectivity, facilitate business travel, and enable quicker
logistics support for port operations.
(ii) Konark
• For enhancing access to the UNESCO World Heritage Site and nearby cultural
destinations.
• Improved air connectivity will boost pilgrimage and heritage tourism, reducing
travel time for both domestic and international visitors.
(iii) Satkosia Tiger Reserve
• Aimed at promoting eco-tourism in one of Odisha’s most scenic wildlife areas.
• It will also improve accessibility for forest management, research teams, and
emergency services in this remote location.
Helipads
(i) Chillika Lake, Satpara
To improve last-mile connectivity to Chilika Lake’s western entry point, making it
easier for tourists to access the lake and supporting eco-tourism initiatives.
(ii) Chillika Lake, Barkul
• Planned to strengthen access to the lake’s eastern gateway.
• It will support tourism, quick transfers, and administrative movement in the
region.
(iii) Satkosia Tiger Reserve
Proposed to enhance accessibility for tourists and provide critical support for forest
patrols, disaster response, and medical emergencies.
(iv) Chaudwar Industrial
To support rapid business connectivity, cargo movement, and emergency services
for industries located in and around Chaudwar.
(v) Jagatsinghpur
For improving regional connectivity, particularly for administrative operations and
industrial development activities in this growing economic hub.
(vi) Siali Beach
• Proposed to boost coastal tourism by improving access to an emerging beachfront
destination.
• It will help attract high-value tourism and improve emergency response
capabilities. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 102
4. Multimodal Logistic Park
(i) 200-acre MMLP at Khorda
• Proposed in Khorda district (near Bhubaneswar) at the intersection of the
planned DFC, proposed industrial belt, and planned Bhubaneswar’s ring roads.
• It will serve as a central logistics hub integrating road, rail, and inland waterways,
with advanced warehousing, container handling, and value-added services.
5. Urban Transport
(i) Augmentation of Bus Services and Associated Infrastructure
• Strengthening public transport through expanded and modernised bus services
is essential to improve regional mobility, reduce congestion, and offer affordable
travel options.
• This includes deploying an additional 3400 buses, introducing modern fleets,
developing bus terminals and 34 depots, and improving passenger amenities.
(ii) Regional Mass Transit from Bhubaneswar to Cuttack
• Developing a high-capacity regional mass transit system between Bhubaneswar
and Cuttack is crucial to ease traffic congestion, reduce travel time, and support
transit-oriented urban growth.
• A reliable and efficient transit corridor will enhance daily commuting, improve
regional integration, and promote sustainable mobility, benefiting both cities and
surrounding economic zones.
B. Policy Interventions
1. Policy related to Transit-Oriented Development
(i) State TOD Policy
TOD Policy provides a framework to promote compact, mixed-use development
around high-capacity transit nodes, such as metro stations, railway stations, and
major bus terminals. Key objectives include increasing public transport ridership,
optimising land use around transit hubs, reducing dependency on private vehicles,
improving last-mile connectivity, and fostering economic development through
commercial, residential, and recreational projects near transit corridors. This should
be inlines with national transit oriented development policy 2017.
2. Policy related to Regulating High Cost of Road Freight Transportation
Issue: Road transport unions are charging INR 6.50–6.60 per NTKM
for freight movement, which is significantly higher than the national
average of INR 3.20–3.50. per NTKM
55
. This elevated cost creates a major
challenge for captive road users, particularly small and medium industries,
leading to reduced competitiveness and higher logistics expenses.
55 Masterplan for Integrated Logistics Corridor in Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara districts (Draft) 103 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Details:
Formulate and implement a Road Freight Pricing Regulation Policy to rationalise and
standardise freight transportation charges for trucks. The policy should promote fair
pricing, transparency, and competitive logistics practices, ensuring affordability for
industries while maintaining sustainability for transport operators.
Projects at a Glance
Figure 11.7 Integrated Transport & Logistics Projects Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 104 105 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
12
Manufacturing
Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 106
12.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The manufacturing sector functions through a complex value chain that often
transcends national boundaries, includes raw material sourcing, processing and
component production, final assembly, logistics, distribution, sales, aftermarket
and end-of-life services.
India, despite being the fifth-largest global leader in manufacturing, has a
marginal share of 2.9% of the global market (US$ 461 Bn) in 2022, compared to
China’s US$ 4,663 Bn (31.6%)
56
. Notably, India’s manufacturing sector recorded
an average growth rate of 6.5% between 2012 and 2023, outpacing the global
average of 3.5%
57
. The sector contributed around 13% to India’s GVA in FY 2023–
24
58
, with total manufacturing GVA reaching I21.97 lakh crore in 2022–23
59
. Basic
metals and chemicals and chemical products together accounted for nearly 22%
of India’s manufacturing GVA.
In Odisha, the value chain is currently concentrated in processing and component
manufacturing. With targeted investments and policy support, the State has
significant potential to move up the value chain into higher value-added activities
of advanced manufacturing and export-oriented production.
In FY 2023-24, the manufacturing sector contributed 23.1% to Odisha’s GVA,
amounting to about I1.93 lakh crore
60
, placing the state at the 11
th
position in terms
of share of manufacturing in GVA at the national level
61
. The sector, however, is highly
concentrated, with basic metals (60%); coke and refined petroleum products (15.5%)
together accounting for 75.5% of Odisha’s manufacturing GVA. Odisha ranks first in
basic metals, contributing 16.3% of national manufacturing GVA in this subsector,
and sixth in coke and refined petroleum products, with a 5.63% share
62
. Unlike
leading states such as Maharashtra, where a diversified mix of subsectors, including
food products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics, and refined
petroleum, drives nearly 80% of manufacturing GVA, the concentrated Odisha’s
industrial base of Odisha underscores the need for greater diversification with focus
on value addition. Encouragingly, over the past three years (2022-24), the State has
attracted more than I5 lakh crore in planned investments through MoUs in various
projects in the sector, as highlighted in Odisha Vision 2047, pointing to a strong
potential for broadening its industrial base.
56 Datasets for value added manufacturing(2024): The World Bank Group
57 Datasets for value added manufacturing (2024): The World Bank Group
58 PIB by Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation; 2024 – https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2022323
59 Statement 7A, Annual Survey of Industries 2022-23, MoSPI; 2024
60 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
61 Statement 7A, Annual Survey of Industries 2022-23 (2024): Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
62 Statement 7A, Annual Survey of Industries 2022-23 (2024): Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation 107 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 12.1: Planned investment in the manufacturing sector in Odisha over the last 3 years
BCPPER has a well-endowed ecosystem to support the chemical and
petrochemical industries as detailed in subsequent sections. In contrast, it lacks
the mineral endowments that underpin much of Odisha’s industrial base. While
the State ranks among the top producers at the national level - first in aluminium,
steel, stainless steel, chromite, bauxite, and iron ore
63
- none of these mineral
deposits are located within BCPPER. As per information shared by the state
government during discussion, the region has been able to leverage its chemical,
petrochemical, and port-led strengths to attract investments exceeding I3 lakh
crore over the past three years (Figure 12.2)
64
.
Figure 12.2: Planned investment in the manufacturing sector in BCPPER over the last 3 years
63 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
64 Data shared by Industries Department, Government of Odisha (2025) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 108
There are 37 industrial estates in the region with the presence of 7 major industry
leaders as indicated in Figure 12.3. The region, while boasting the presence of an
ecosystem that supports industrial growth, also has several challenges that need to be
addressed, as brought out in Table 12.1.
Figure 12.3: Industrial estates in BCPPER
Table 12.1: Opportunities & Challenges of the Manufacturing Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Competitive Advantages
While not a national leader
in manufacturing, Odisha
possesses distinctive strengths
that can drive industrial growth.
• Strategic location and
infrastructure
Robust connectivity, proximity
to ports, and the upcoming ring
road provide a strong foundation
for expanding the manufacturing
base in the region.
• Investment momentum
The Odisha Vision 2047 targets
₹30 lakh crore in investments,
alongside goals of doubling
employment and exports from
the sector.
• Concentration of Output
Nearly 75% of the state’s manufacturing
GVA comes from two sectors, basic metals
and petroleum products, neither of which
has a significant presence in the BCPPER
region.
• Fragmented ecosystem
The industrial landscape is constrained by
weak academia–industry collaboration and
limited innovation linkages.
• Infrastructure gaps
The region has few sector-specific
industrial estates/areas, with inadequate
common facilities and limited plug-and-
play infrastructure for investors. 109 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Committed pipeline
Over the past three years,
the region has secured MoUs
amounting to ₹3.42 lakh
crore in planned investments,
underscoring its attractiveness
for industry.
• Sustainability focus
The state is developing an
overarching growth strategy and
has initiated studies to identify
priority sectors for greening
value chains, aligning industrial
growth with sustainability goals.
• Low-value manufacturing
The city region is dominated by low value–
added manufacturing, restricting economic
diversification and higher productivity
gains.
• Labour migration
A large share of Odisha’s workforce migrates
out of the state to work in sectors such as
textiles, reflecting missed opportunities for
local employment generation.
• Environmental pressures
Several polluting industrial estates lie within
city limits, adversely affecting quality of life
and constraining the sustainable growth of
industry.
12.2 Approach for Upgrading the Manufacturing Sector in BCPPER
The Economic Plan adopts a holistic approach to transform BCPPER into a
modern, sustainable and competitive manufacturing hub. At its core is the
creation of sector-specific industrial estates, relocation of industrial estates out
of city regions and establishment of industrial corridors aligned with the broader
strategy of port-led growth.
The industrial estates (IEs) and industrial areas (IAs) in the BCPPER are spread
across Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. The local administration has the authority to
allocate land within the estate to small industries with investments up to I50
crore. This has resulted in mixed-use estates that often house industries from
multiple, non-complementary sectors
65
.
65 Project Evaluation including Allotment of Land/Shed (2024): Invest Odisha Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 110
Figure 12.4: Out of 37 IEs only 6 are sector specific
Currently, out of the 37 industrial estates, only six are sector-specific
66
. The
remaining 31 estates owing to their multi-sectoral nature, lack common facilities
such as effluent treatment plants, plug-and-play infrastructure, thus limiting
efficiency and competitiveness. Further nearly 14 estates are located within city
limits, potentially constraining both urban growth and industrial expansion. Of
these, seven estates host polluting units such as fabrication shops, steel plants,
and silicon manufacturers, adversely affecting the quality of life.
66 Data provided by Industrial Development Corporation Odisha, Government of Odisha 111 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 12.5: Out of 37 IEs, 14 are within city limits including 8 polluting units
Following interventions are proposed to streamline the IEs in the region:
(i) Establish Planned IEs
(a) Establish Sector-Specific IEs.
(b) Providing Common Facilities and Plug-And-Play Infrastructure.
(c) Facilities for Workers: Facilities such as worker housing, creches etc.
improve productivity, reduce formation of slums and reduce attrition.
(ii) Relocation of Industries
IEs, traditionally located outside city limits, are increasingly being engulfed
by expanding cities, as shown in Figure 12.5. This reduces the quality of
life for residents and places additional pressure on ULBs. The issue can be
addressed through following measures:
• Relocate IEs and IAs away from city boundaries. Initially, polluting units
could be moved within a five-year horizon, followed by relocation of all
units; refer recommendation 1.1 given below.
• Develop dedicated industrial zones and belts along transport corridors with
port access to enhance connectivity and efficiency. These zones are to be
earmarked on the development plan to restrict city growth towards that
direction; refer to recommendation 2 given below. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 112
• Introduce incentives for IEs to relocate voluntarily, coupled with penalties
for non-compliance.
(iii) Identify Sectors for Greening the Value Chain
It is recommended to evolve a forward-looking strategy aligned with net-
zero targets that aims to enhance the manufacturing sector’s sustainability,
resilience, and global competitiveness by meeting additional power needs
through renewable energy. Greening operations improves efficiency by
reducing energy, water, and material waste, while green value chains minimise
the risks from climate change, regulations, and raw material shortages.
12.3 Proposed Interventions for Upgrading Manufacturing Landscape in BCPPER
A. List of Projects:
1. Proposals for Setting Up New Sector Specific Industrial Estates/Areas
Location: Multiple locations across BCPPER: Medical Devices - Cuttack and Khordha;
Technical Textile - Jagatsingpur; Mini textile park - Khordha (near Bhubaneswar);
Downstream chemical park - Jagatsingpur (PCPIR); Integrated Aquaculture Park –
Jagatsingpur; Food processing park – Khordha; Metal processing and Capital good
& white goods – Khordha.
High-value export-oriented sectors having interlinkages with existing sectors. The
sectors are aligned with global & domestic demand/trends or having support from
the state government. As per the initial assessment the state is heavy reliant on 2
sectors for there is a need to diversify existing sectors and seed in new. This IEs
will require common facilities such as reliable power, water and logistics while food
processing will need additional cold storage.
1.1 Moving Polluting IEs/IAs away from City
Location: Earmarked zone in Khordha and Cuttack
Polluting industries within cities strain infrastructure and reduce Liveability;
relocating them to peripheral zones with larger land availability and better logistics
can reduce risks, improve compliance, and support cleaner urban cores. This
requires identifying non-conforming industries, planning relocation of industrial
estates by providing serviced land and incentives, and creating a clear industrial
relocation policy with timelines such as, hazardous units moving within 4-5 years
and non-polluting units within 9-10 years, along with satellite industrial zones and
penalties for units unwilling to shift.
1.2 Upgrading existing Industrial Estates
Location: All possible industrial estates in BCPPER 113 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Assess potential for common facilities (CETPs, plug-and-play) in all estates.
• Conduct zoning audits of existing IEs/IAs and allocate vacant land accordingly.
• Monitor industry output to identify scale-up needs and required amenities.
• Revive underperforming estates by addressing infrastructure gaps and
inefficiencies.
• Provide worker amenities and modern plug-and-play facilities to boost investor
confidence.
1.3 Unlocking the Industrial Land in Urban City Limits
Location: Potential industrial estates within city limits that have moved out
Unlocking underutilised industrial land within city limits is critical for economic growth,
urban renewal, and sustainable development, particularly in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack,
where old estates sit on prime land. The project proposes land-use reclassification
to convert outdated industrial areas into mixed-use or commercial zones, supported
by impact studies, with vacant plots redeveloped through PPP or land monetisation
and master plans updated to accommodate reclassification while retaining essential
MSME pockets. Linking with the state land bank and OSFC will unlock clean-titled
parcels for housing, education, and commercial use, with clear land-use mapping
guiding redevelopment aligned with future urban growth and sustainability.
2. Dedicated Industrial Belt
Location: Aligned with the DFC and Capital Region Ring Road, the site is likely to be
located in western Khordha, south of the Mahanadi River, subject to final alignment
This approach promotes efficient, sustainable, and competitive industrial
development by creating large-scale industrial zones with appropriate infrastructure,
environmental safeguards, and shared high-capacity facilities to reduce costs and
improve competitiveness. Dedicated zones strengthen supply chain linkages and
MSME clusters, while pre-approved sector-aligned land parcels attract anchor
investors by reducing delays and policy risks.
3. Industry Academia Collaboration
Location: In the key city region / or in hubs of world skill centres as proposed in
knowledge economy proposals
This initiative aims to boost innovation and manufacturing competitiveness by
aligning education with industry needs and accelerating R&D commercialisation.
Technology transfer hubs will link academia, startups, and MSMEs, while faculty-
industry immersion keeps educators updated. Universities in Bhubaneswar and
Cuttack should collaborate with industry through hackathons, innovation challenges,
and tech parks/incubators, supported by incentives such as CSR or tax deductions
to strengthen R&D, labs, and training infrastructure. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 114
B. Policy Interventions
Implementing each project on the ground will necessitate the execution of specific
policy unlocks.
Project related to: 1.1 Moving polluting industries away from city limits
Policy unlocks
• Phase-wise mapping and audit for industries in the urban limit that are polluting,
space-constrained or non-conforming.
• Develop satellite industrial zones in the Industrial belt.
• Offer relocation incentives, for the selected industries.
• Enable reuse of old industrial land.
Project related to: 1.3 Unlocking the industrial land in urban city limits
Policy unlocks
• Conduct utilisation audits of existing IEs: Map industrial land parcels in cities
(e.g. Rasulgarh, Mancheswar in Bhubaneswar; Jagatpur & IAs in Cuttack etc) to
identify underuse, encroachments or misalignments).
• Link with state land banks: Offer parcels for investment in housing, education or
commercial centres.
• Land assembly and investment mechanisms offer redevelopment incentives.
Improved Regulatory Compliance
• A more streamlined and time-bound approval process is required.
• The state is already performing well on single-window clearances.
• Additional financial incentives, including PLI support for select sectors, should
be introduced.
• The state should also provide R&D support and export facilitation.
Figure 12.6 Indicative location of proposed projects in the manufacturing sector 115 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
13
Textiles, Handloom,
& Handicraft Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 116
13.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The textile, handloom, and handicraft sectors are considered as the key drivers
of economic growth, particularly in countries like India, given their ability to
generate large-scale employment, strengthen rural livelihoods, and empower
women. As the second-largest source of employment after agriculture, it sustains
the livelihood while fostering both income generation and social inclusion.
Textile sector has an important footprint in the global value chain, impacting the
economy of several nations through trade and commerce. In 2022, India ranked
as the world’s sixth-largest exporter of Textiles and Apparel or T&A
67
. Textiles
contribute around 8% of India’s total exports in FY 23–24, reflecting the sector’s
strategic importance in global trade
68
. However, its scale and size remain limited
compared to global leaders like China and even other smaller countries like
Bangladesh and Vietnam. The sector is constrained by structural inefficiencies,
fragmentation, and limited value addition, which restrict its ability to compete
globally at scale.
The T&A sector of India has shown strong momentum, propelled by its vast domestic
market. While the global T&A market is expanding at a rate of 4% annually, India
outpaces it with a 7% growth rate
69
. Valued at US$165 Bn in 2022, India’s T&A
market is projected to more than double by 2030, reaching US$ 350 Bn
70
.
Handloom and handicraft exports form a crucial part of India’s economic and
cultural fabric. In FY23, the total exports of handicrafts stood at I30,019 crore
(approximately US$ 3.60 Bn), comprising fabrics, bed linen, carpets, rugs, and
home textiles, with strong demand from markets such as the USA, UK, Germany,
Italy, and the UAE
71
. These exports not only contribute significantly to the economy
but also safeguard India’s rich cultural traditions while supporting livelihoods.
By emphasising traditional skills and cultural heritage, the sector has the potential
to foster inclusive, sustainable, and decentralised economic growth, positioning
India more prominently on the global stage.
In Odisha, despite the rich tradition in textiles, handlooms and handicrafts, the
heritage-linked products account for only a marginal share of the State’s exports.
Instead, ready-made garments dominate the export basket, comprising 97% of
Odisha’s T&A exports, with the state ranking 19
th
in India’s textile exports in FY
23-24.
The sector benefits from supportive government policies, including attractive
subsidies, capital incentives, and single-window clearances. Importantly, each
region of Odisha carries a distinct textile and craft heritage, offering a vast
scope for value addition and future growth. The State’s celebrated ikkat weaving
tradition and other handloom clusters have been instrumental in empowering
thousands of artisans and women through upskilling and cluster development.
67 Textile and Apparel Growth (2023): Wazir Advisors
68 National Import-Export Record for Yearly Analysis of Trade (NIRYAT): Accessed on 2025
69 Annual Report on Indian Textile & Apparel Industry (2023): Wazir Advisors
70 Textile Industry’s Amrit Kaal: Roadmap for US$ 350 Bn Market (2023): FICCI-Wazir Advisors
71 Handloom Industry and Exports (2025): India Brand Equity Foundation 117 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 13.1: State’s Export for FY 2023-24 (Commodity: Textile)
Within Eastern India, BCPPER has emerged as a key hub for the textile sector.
Notably, Cuttack alone accounts for nearly 50% of the region’s MSMEs in the
textile sector. The region is also home to a vibrant artisanal ecosystem, enriched
by several GI-tagged crafts such as Silver Filigree (Tarakasi, Cuttack), Khandua
Silk (Nuapatna, Cuttack), Pattachitra (Raghurajpur, Puri), Applique Work (Pipli,
Puri), etc.
Silver Filigree Khandua Silk Khandua Silk Applique Work
Figure 13.2: GI-tagged crafts of BCPPER
While BCPPER stands out for its remarkable strengths and distinctive specialties,
offering unique competitive advantages, it needs to navigate its own specific
challenges as indicated in Table 13.1. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 118
Table 13.1: Opportunities and Challenges for the Textile Sector in BCPPER
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Availability of Raw Material (like cotton,
silk, other natural fibres) and a large
number of traditional weavers and
artisans
• Natural Gateway to South-East Asian
Economies with three major ports
(Paradeep, Dharma, and Gopalpur)
along the coastline, will improve export
potential
• Pro-Poor and Pro-Industry outlook of the
Government with environment-friendly
infrastructure incentives under Industrial
Policy Resolution 2022 and Apparel and
Technical Textiles Policy 2022
• Rich and renowned Handloom textiles
like Sambalpuri, Bomkai, and Berhampuri
need more marketing and branding
• Cluster-Based Development Model helps
in strengthening textile clusters in places
with improved shared infrastructure,
raw material procurement, and product
standardisation.
• Scope of Growth in Technical Textiles
with the availability of raw material from
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)
Paradip Refinery
• Lack of Organised Clusters
where most units are small-scale,
unorganised, and lack integration
across the value chain
• Limited Technological Penetration,
providing a lack of access to
modern machinery and reduced
productivity
• Underutilised textile policy
incentives. Small players lack
awareness or the capacity to
leverage subsidies, tax benefits,
and infrastructure support
• Competition from established
textile hubs like the states of Gujarat
and Tamil Nadu, which have better
infrastructure and market access.
• Market volatility & price fluctuations
in global cotton and raw material
prices affect production costs
• High Risk of climate hazards such
as floods, heat stress, recurring
drought, and extreme rainfall events
leads to reduced quality of life
13.2 The Approach: Heritage and Innovation-led Transformation in BCPPER
The proposed approach underscores innovation while retaining heritage as the
key drivers of transformation in BCPPER. By adopting a 5T strategy, traditional
strengths can be systematically developed to align with contemporary
requirements. Leveraging emerging trends enables heritage-based products to
access new markets, while infrastructure improvements provide the foundation
for scaling heritage-linked industries with modern efficiencies. Policy reforms
further institutionalise these innovations, ensuring that heritage, when redefined
through innovation, serves as a sustainable engine of economic growth and
value-chain development with a clear focus on inclusion. 119 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(i) Adopting the 5T strategy
The textile sector in Odisha holds immense potential to emerge as a national
and global hub, and this can be unlocked through a comprehensive 5T
approach
72
.
• The first step is to track Odisha’s unique strengths in its rich handloom
legacy of Sambalpuri Ikkat, Bomkai, Khandua, Habaspuri, and Berhampuri
silk, coupled with abundant natural fibres.
• Simultaneously, training weavers, artisans, and entrepreneurs in modern
tailoring, quality control, branding, design innovation, and digital
marketing will upgrade skills while safeguarding traditional craftsmanship.
• Efforts to transform production processes and supportive policies by
incentivising investments, adopting sustainable practices, and promoting
eco-friendly manufacturing will build an investor-friendly and resilient
ecosystem.
• Targeted initiatives to trigger production, including R&D in technical
textiles, scaling up of apparel and garment units, and enhancing cost
competitiveness, will strengthen Odisha’s manufacturing base.
• Finally, boosting trade through strategic branding, export facilitation,
incubation of new textile enterprises, and global collaborations will
position Odisha’s textiles in international markets, driving employment
generation, women’s empowerment, and cultural pride.
Figure 13.3: 5T Approach for the textile sector
(ii) Leveraging Global and National Trends
It is essential to align with the latest trends to enhance Odisha’s prospects
of emerging as a preferred manufacturing destination. In the T&A sector,
two key growth drivers are apparel and technical textiles. In 2023, India
ranked as the sixth-largest apparel exporter globally
73
, but the wide gap with
leading players underscores immense growth potential. While Bangladesh
72 Source: NID, Ahmedabad
73 Press Information Bureau (2025): Ministry of Textiles Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 120
and Vietnam have moved ahead in global export markets, shifting global
dynamics are now creating new investment opportunities. With China and
India projected to be the fastest-growing apparel markets, India enjoys a
strategic advantage as rising wages and tariffs make China less competitive.
To seize this opportunity, India must strengthen its policy and industrial
ecosystem to attract large-scale apparel investments.
Figure 13.4: BCPPER has existing potential in raw material availability
Odisha stands out with its strength in the availability of raw material,
particularly in cotton, where yields average around 550 kg per hectare
74
.
They are among the highest in the country. In Odisha, the area under
cotton cultivation grew by 39%, rising from 169,600 hectares in 2019-20
to 235,600 hectares in 2023-24. This robust local resource base provides
a strong platform for building an integrated textile and apparel industry.
By diversifying into other segments of the value chain, such as spinning,
twisting, weaving, knitting, and processing, Odisha can significantly increase
production, create employment, and establish itself as a competitive hub in
the apparel sector.
Figure 13.5: Increase in cotton area cultivation75
Technical textiles are emerging as a sunrise sector. Growing at a CAGR of 5.2
per cent during 2022-27, the global market is projected to reach US $ 274
Bn by 2027
76
. Technical textiles account for 12–15% of India’s textile value
chain, with the domestic market expected to grow to US $ 40 Bn by 2030.
74 Meeting of Committee on Cotton Production and Consumption (COCPC) 2024
75 Odisha Economic Survey 2024-25; Government of Odisha
76 India 2047-Vision and strategic roadmap for technical textiles (2023): Ministry of Textiles 121 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Of the 12 application segments, Mobiltech, Indutech, and Sportech dominate
globally, while Indutech and Packtech lead in India. However, India’s presence
is largely concentrated in low-value, low-technology products, leaving the
high-value global demand untapped.
The presence of the IOCL Paradeep Refinery offers Odisha a strategic
advantage with the local availability of key petrochemical raw materials.
Strengthening Paradeep’s petrochemical output would reduce India’s
reliance on imported PTA and MEG (key ingredients in polyester fibres),
bolstering domestic MMF production.
India already ranks among the top global producers of raw materials
and possesses strong capacities in fibre, filament, and yarn production
77
.
Leveraging these strengths, Odisha has the potential to integrate further
into the global MMF value chain by focusing on value addition in weaving,
knitting, and garmenting.
(iii) Improving Existing Infrastructure
The region is home to prominent nationalised institutes that serve as the
backbone of R&D. Odisha has recently witnessed substantial investments
from textile and apparel companies, leading to a steady increase in the
number of apparel manufacturing units over the years. Existing and planned
ecosystem development in BCPPER is encouraging
78
:
Existing Handloom
Cluster –18+
No of power
looms – 1282+
No. of Textile
MSME – 2976+
Already proposed
Handloom Cluster - 2
Upcoming Textile/Apparel/Technical Textiles
Units – 22 +
Existing Large Apparel
Units – 5+
Upcoming Textile/Apparel/Technical Textiles
Investment – 6335.6 Cr.+
The region has, however, limited textile clusters or parks. Strengthening
industrial infrastructure, such as dedicated textile parks, common facility
centres, and logistics networks, will reduce production bottlenecks
and attract large-scale investments. Improved connectivity, enhanced
warehousing, and logistics facilities can position BCPPER as a competitive
hub for both domestic and export markets. At the same time, strengthening
local clusters, encouraging MSMEs in different segments of the value chain,
and integrating traditional handlooms and crafts into modern value chains
will help achieve inclusive growth. Creating synergy with the handloom and
handicraft sectors is crucial so that they complement each other, rather
than functioning in isolation.
(iv) Reform in Existing Policy
The Odisha Apparel and Technical Textiles Policy 2022 are a comprehensive
strategy by the Government of Odisha to develop and promote the textile
77 Study To Promote Growth of Man-Made Fibre Textile Industry in India; Textiles Committee, Ministry of Textiles
78 Industrial Promotion and Investment Corporation of Odisha (IPICOL) Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 122
sector, particularly apparel and technical textiles. Further streamlining the
focus sectors in the policy proposed below will increase its positive impact
at the grassroots level:
Table 13.2: Existing sectoral policyPolicy: Odisha Apparel and Technical Textiles Policy 2022
Focus Areas
Expand focus to full value chain: fibre to fashion, including spinning, ginning, and
pre-processing Integrate traditional sectors (handlooms, handicrafts) with modern
value chains
Target Sector:
• Modernise machines to harness the potential of technical textiles
• Support fusion-based design (handloom + tech textile)
Incentives & Subsidies:
• Include a design-led handloom subsidy scheme with GI-based support
• Offer 10% innovation subsidy for handloom-tech startups
• Make green compliance a precondition for incentives
• Introduce green processing grant scheme for natural dye & waste management
• Provide sector-specific incentives for each type of investor, like OEM (Original
Equipment Manufacturer)
Infrastructure Requirements:
• Build Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) and Zero Liquid Discharge
systems (ZLDs) inside existing textile parks
• Create women-first industrial clusters with creches, hostels, etc.
13.3 Key Recommendation
The following key interventions in the BCPPER region are proposed:
(a) Mega Technical Textile Park
With petrochemical refineries in the region, it is crucial to streamline
development and focus on the technical textile sector. A mega park located
near Paradip port can help leverage logistics and trade, and the availability
of key petrochemical raw materials for the MMF industry supported
by upcoming petrochemical expansions. The region can prioritise the
development of polyester and nylon manufacturing hubs to feed the mega
park. Strengthening Paradeep’s petrochemical output will also help reduce
India’s reliance on imported PTA and MEG, both essential ingredients in
polyester fibre production.
(b) Apparel Park
Establishing an apparel park in Cuttack is a strategic initiative aimed
at revitalising the region’s rich textile heritage. The park will catalyse 123 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
modernisation production, preserve cultural traditions, generate
employment, and integrate traditional crafts into global supply chains,
thereby rejuvenating the textile sector. It will host large-scale manufacturing
units, which will also support the numerous fragmented downstream MSME
units in the Cuttack district.
(c) Kala Innovation Zones or KIZs
KIZ is proposed as a development zone premised on a hub and spoke model
for the integration of textiles, handlooms, and handicrafts. The central ‘hub’
in Cuttack district provides advanced infrastructure, design, research, and
training facilities, while the surrounding ‘spokes’ in six different districts
support local clusters of artisans and small enterprises. Clusters connect
to the hub and spokes in the KIZs for CFCs, raw material procurement,
supply chain integration, technical support, market access, and design labs
for fusing crafts. This model fosters collaboration, enhances productivity,
and promotes the seamless blending of traditional crafts with modern
manufacturing and design practices.
Figure 13.6: Map of Kala Innovation Zones (KIZs)
13.3 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Develop Mega Park for Technical Textile, Leveraging Paradeep Port’s Connectivity
and Odisha’s Emerging Petrochemical Ecosystem
Location: Appropriate location in proximity of PCPIR, preferably within a 20-30 km
radius of Paradip Port Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 124
Area required: 250 – 500 acres, with expansion potential
Infrastructure and Facility:
• Plug-and-Play Industrial Plots for quick setup
• CFC: R&D labs, product testing centres, certification labs
• ETPs for sustainable operations
Value Addition: Strengthen India’s position in the global technical textile value chain
by focusing on value addition
2. Establish an Apparel Park with Plug-and-Play Facilities for MSME’s
Location: Choudwar, Cuttack
Area required: 150 – 200 acres, with expansion potential
Infrastructure requirements:
• Well-constructed internal roads, 2.5 MLD water supply, and 4 MW 24/7 power
supply.
• Designed to accommodate around 40-50 apparel manufacturing units, offering
industrial plots to attract MSMEs
Value Addition: MSME’s will cater to the specific segment of the value chain and help
in revitalising the region’s textile industry
3. Mini Textile Parks (MTPs) to Promote Small-Scale, Decentralised, and Cluster-
Based Development
Location: Across all four districts in the region
Area required: Minimum 2.5 acres with at least 3 industrial units
Government Subsidy/Incentives required:
• 50% of the project cost or a maximum R2.5 crore for common infrastructure (for
50 parks initially)
• Facilities included: Roads, ETPs, common power supply, storage, testing labs,
training centres
Mode of development: By private developers with financial assistance from the
government. Promoters (Cooperative societies, SHGs, groups of MSMEs) apply with
a DPR for the proposal
4. Mini Ready-Made Garment Parks for Women for Setting Up Women-led or
Women-Employed Textile and Garment Units
Location: Across all four districts in the region
Area required: Minimum 2.5 acres with at least 3 industrial units
Vision:
• Develop women-led industrial parks
• Boost employment, especially in rural and semi-urban areas
• Dedicated to specific purposes like cutting, stitching, finishing, and packing
Target sector: Ready-made garments, knitting, apparel manufacturing 125 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
5. CoE for Synergy between Textile Parks, Handloom Clusters, and Local Artisans
Location: Bhubaneswar (strategically located near NIFT Bhubaneswar)
Area required: Approximately 5 acres
Scope: CoE will focus on developing technical textile products in segments
Focus on: Innovation, inclusion, and market.
6. KIZ as a Hub and Spoke Model for Handloom and Handicraft
Location:
• Central KIZ in Cuttack District (one central hub),
• Regional KIZ in Bargarh District (one regional hub) and
• Satellite KIZ in Khorda, Ganjam, Gopalpura, Koraput, Kalahandi and Subarnapur
District (six spokes).
Area required:
• Central KIZ = 25 acres,
• Regional KIZ = 10 acres,
• Satellite KIZ = minimum 5 acres
Activities proposed in KIZ:
• Help in raw material procurement
• Supply chain integration
• Design & innovation facilities
• Market access and value addition
• Branding and exports
Infrastructure requirements:
Smart CFCs & shared spaces for artisans from both sectors to co-create.
Figure 13.7: Map of proposed projects in the textile sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 126 127 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
14
Chemical Sector
Eastern Chemical Hub of India Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 128
14.1 Sectoral Snapshot
The chemical industry by providing critical inputs for agriculture, pharmaceuticals,
electronics, textiles, consumer goods and supporting a wide range of downstream
industries, contributes significantly to GDP and employment. The sector drives
innovation in material science and sustainability by supporting substantial
investments in R&D. However, its high environmental footprint underscores
the urgent need for sustainable production practices and adoption of greener
technologies, positioning the industry as a key driver of India’s future economic
and industrial growth.
Despite ranking sixth for chemical production, India is not a major global player as
its share of total output is only 2-3%, valued at approximately US$ 113 Bn
79
which
is modest compared to China’s dominant 44% share (US$ 1,880 Bn), followed by
the European Union at 14% (US$ 645 Bn) and the United States at 11% (US$ 475
Bn). The sector accounts for about 9% of India’s GVA
80
, and by 2047, the country
aims to capture nearly 12% of the global chemical market, emerging as a US$ 1 Tn
chemical manufacturing hub
81
.
At present, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh together contribute around
55% of the national output
82
, while Odisha remains a peripheral player despite
hosting a PCPIR. In Odisha, chemicals and chemical products, including coke
and refined petroleum products, contribute 10–16% of the state’s manufacturing
GVA
83
.
The PCPIR forms the primary chemical cluster in Odisha, spread across two
districts, viz. Jagatsinghpur and Kendrapara, with the latter outside BCPPER.
Of the 284.15 sq. km earmarked for development, only 33% has been utilised
84
,
highlighting considerable untapped potential. Opportunities for downstream
industries are emerging, with a 120-acre plastic park under development,
proposals for technical textiles, and growing opportunities in packaging.
Positioned at the intersection of national ambitions and local strengths, BCPPER
holds distinct advantages for the chemical sector while also facing structural and
implementation challenges that must be addressed to unlock its full potential.
The opportunities and challenges of the sector are detailed in Table 14.1.
79 Facts and Figure of the Industry (2023): The European Chemical Industry Council, European Chemical Council (Cefic)
80 Chemical and Petrochemical Statistics at Glance (2024): Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers
81 The next Chemical Manufacturing hub (2023): McKinsey & Company
82 Chemical and Petrochemical Statistics at Glance (2024): Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers
83 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
84 Information shared by state government 129 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Table 14.1: Opportunities & Challenges of Chemical Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
• Established vs. Emerging Hubs: Gujarat
and Maharashtra are established
chemical and petrochemical hubs,
while Odisha is emerging as the fastest
upcoming region.
• Eastern Chemical Hub Potential: Odisha
has the potential to position itself as the
Eastern Chemical Hub of India, driven by
its strategic advantages.
• Anchor tenant: IOCL refinery with 15
MMTPA capacity already operational.
• Port Advantage: Paradip Port with
deep-draft facilities enabling global
connectivity.
• Petrochemical Complex: A processing
complex under development to
catalyse downstream investment.
• Downstream Industry Prospects: Strong
opportunities in plastics, synthetic fibres,
specialty chemicals, and packaging,
opening new avenues for value addition.
• Absence of SEZs: Despite its scale,
the PCPIR region does not host a
single SEZ.
• Connectivity Gaps: Weak highway,
rail, gas pipeline, and digital
connectivity continue to limit
investment potential.
• Underutilised Land: A large share
of the PCPIR area and the planned
plastic park remains unutilised.
• Limited Integration: The anchor
tenant is restricted to crude oil
refining, with no integration into
downstream petrochemicals or
speciality chemicals.
• Low Budgetary Support:
Limited budgetary allocation for
industry reduces incentives and
slows common infrastructure
development.
14.2 The Approach for Making Paradeep PCPIR a Catalyst for Industrial Growth
The Economic Plan proposes capacity expansion and downstream industry
development towards setting up a chemical hub in BCPPER. The key focus areas
are:
(i) Attract Global and National Anchor Tenants: While national anchor tenants
are already established in the region, it is imperative to attract international
players to enhance competitiveness and global integration. To this end, the
State Government needs to prioritise the following:
• Accelerate Land Acquisition and Parcel Readiness: Expedite land
acquisition and prepare serviceable parcels to enable immediate
industrial setup, leveraging existing infrastructure such as port, rail,
highway, refinery access, and planned airport.
• Attract Global Speciality Chemical Producers: Allocate dedicated
land to global tenants for high-value speciality chemical units to bring
advanced technology and expertise to the region.
• Enable Strategic International Partnerships: Empower the SPV to
enter bilateral agreements with partner countries to support OMCs in
establishing Verbund-model petrochemical complexes as SEZs. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 130
(ii) Broaden the Downstream Segment: Expanding the downstream segment
in PCPIR is critical to maximise value addition, strengthen linkages with key
industries, and enhance export competitiveness. It also embeds sustainability
by advancing circular economy practices and efficient resource use, ensuring
growth that is both resilient and environmentally responsible. The following
is proposed in this regard:
• Establish Dedicated Sectoral Estates: Develop industrial estates focused
on specific sectors to create specialised clusters that promote efficiency,
knowledge sharing, and innovation among downstream industries.
• Leverage Industrial Symbiosis: Design these estates to utilise waste
streams or by-products from related industries, fostering circular
economy practices, reducing costs, and minimising environmental
impact.
• Encourage Integration and Collaboration: Facilitate collaboration
between upstream and downstream units within the estates, enabling
co-located value chains, shared infrastructure, and enhanced
competitiveness for all participating industries.
14.3 Proposed Interventions
In order to accelerate industrial growth and enhance regional competitiveness,
the following projects are proposed.
A. List of projects
1. Global/ National Anchor Tenants
Location: In the PCPIR Paradeep region
• Target Leading Global Investors: IDCO should proactively reach out to top-
tier international chemical companies such as Aramco, ExxonMobil, SABIC, and
BASF to establish high-value speciality chemical production units. Engaging
these global leaders can bring world-class technology, operational excellence,
and credibility to the region.
• Offer Incentives and Dedicated Land Parcels: Provide strategically located,
ready-to-develop land parcels along with fiscal, regulatory, and infrastructure
support to attract anchor tenants. This ensures rapid project deployment while
reducing entry barriers and risks for investors.
• Facilitate Technology Transfer & Strategic Partnerships: Structure collaborations
that enable knowledge sharing, advanced manufacturing practices, and
integration with domestic supply chains. This approach not only strengthens
competitiveness but also supports the growth of downstream industries and
ecosystem development in the region. 131 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
2. Establish Chemical Downstream Industrial Estate
Location: In PCPIR Paradeep
• Develop Sector-Specific Industrial Estate: IDCO will create a dedicated
industrial estate within the PCPIR, tailored for MSMEs operating in downstream
chemical sectors. The estate will foster a clustered ecosystem, promoting
collaboration, operational efficiency, and access to specialised markets.
• Construct Flatted Factories with Shared Facilities: Design flatted factories to
provide ready-to-use units for MSMEs, integrated with common infrastructure
such as CETP, quality control certification centres, laboratories, steam boilers,
and fire safety and emergency response systems, reducing capital expenditure
for tenants.
• Provide Comprehensive Support Infrastructure: Equip the estate with intra-
roads, pipelines, power, and other essential utilities to ensure seamless operations.
By offering end-to-end infrastructure, the estate minimises operational risks
and accelerates business setup, making it highly attractive for investors and
entrepreneurs.
3. Develop a Floating Regasification Plant at Paradip Port
Location: Paradip Port, PCPIR region
• Develop Sector-Specific Industrial Estate: IDCO will create a dedicated
industrial estate within the PCPIR, tailored for MSMEs operating in downstream
chemical sectors. The estate will foster a clustered ecosystem, promoting
collaboration, operational efficiency, and access to specialised markets.
• Construct Flatted Factories with Shared Facilities: Design flatted factories to
provide ready-to-use units for MSMEs, integrated with common infrastructure
such as CETP, quality control certification centres, laboratories, steam boilers,
and fire safety and emergency response systems, reducing capital expenditure
for tenants.
• Provide Comprehensive Support Infrastructure: Equip the estate with intra-
roads, pipelines, power, and other essential utilities to ensure seamless operations.
By offering end-to-end infrastructure, the estate minimises operational risks
and accelerates business setup, making it highly attractive for investors and
entrepreneurs.
4. Develop a Gas and LNG Pipeline Network from Inter and Intra Region
Location: Paradeep PCPIR region
Expediting the natural gas pipeline being developed by GAIL from Hazira Port to
Paradip Port is critical for strengthening energy security and enabling industrial
growth in the region. The pipeline will provide a reliable and cost-effective supply
of natural gas, supporting refineries, petrochemical complexes, and downstream
industries with cleaner fuel. Faster implementation will not only reduce dependence
on imported fuels but also enhance Paradeep’s attractiveness as a competitive hub
for large-scale investments in energy-intensive manufacturing. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 132
5. Enhance the ITI Centres and Integrate them with Industries and CIPET
Location: In PCPIR Paradeep
The Odisha Skill Development Authority should establish new ITI centres, while
simultaneously upgrading existing ones with industry-relevant courses tailored to
emerging needs in chemicals, petrochemicals, and allied sectors. By integrating
these initiatives with CIPET Bhubaneswar, the state can create a strong pipeline of
skilled manpower, ensuring local youth are job-ready and capable of supporting
high-value industrial projects in the region.
6. Empower the Integrated Command Control Centre
Location: In Paradeep City or Jagatsingpur District headquarters
The PCPIR should establish and empower an ICCC to serve as the central platform
for monitoring environmental compliance across the region. By leveraging
advanced technologies such as IoT-based sensors, satellite mapping, and AI-driven
analytics, the ICCC can enable real-time tracking of emissions, effluents, and waste
management practices. Provisions for automated alerts, transparent reporting, and
strict penalty enforcement will ensure industries adhere to regulatory standards,
while also building investor confidence by positioning the region as a model for
sustainable and responsible industrial development.
B. Policy prescriptions
While the state has a progressive policy framework to attract investments, the
following interventions are proposed to enable a more robust industrial ecosystem.
1. Notification of Draft REACH Rules
The Government of India needs to notify the draft REACH (Registration, Evaluation,
Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) Rules to promote the sustainable
production and management of hazardous chemicals. Formalising these regulations
will align India with global standards, ensuring safer handling, reduced environmental
risks, and greater compliance with international trade requirements. By mandating
transparency, robust evaluation, and responsible use of hazardous substances,
the rules will not only protect public health and ecosystems but also enhance the
competitiveness of Indian chemical producers in global markets.
2. Enhance the Budget Allocation to the Industrial Sector
Odisha’s budgetary allocation to the industrial sector remains among the lowest
in the country, underscoring a sharp contrast with the higher allocations made
by more industrialised states. This limited investment constrains the state’s ability
to create robust infrastructure, provide fiscal incentives, and support innovation-
driven growth in key industries. By increasing its budgetary focus on industrial
development, Odisha can accelerate the creation of sector-specific clusters,
strengthen downstream linkages, and attract greater private investment, thereby
positioning itself more competitively in the national industrial landscape. 133 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Indicative location of proposed projects
Figure 14.1:Indicative location of proposed projects in chemical sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 134 135 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
15
Agriculture &
Allied Sector Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 136
Agriculture & Allied Sector
The agriculture and allied sectors play a vital role in the national economy, serving as
one of the largest sources of employment and livelihood. Despite this, agriculture does
not feature in the urban-focused growth model.
Figure 15.1 Agriculture is one of the key economic contributors to California
Global experience, however, demonstrates the value of integrating agriculture into
broader economic strategies. For instance, California, which is one of the world’s
largest and most dynamic economies, has embedded agriculture within its growth
framework, enabling the state to emerge as a global leader in agri-exports.
Building on global best practices and the region’s untapped potential, agriculture and
allied activities have been identified as a key growth driver for BCPPER. With targeted
interventions, the sector can anchor balanced and inclusive development, serving
as a pillar of food security, a foundation for rural economic growth, a bridge that
strengthens urban–rural linkages and a key measure to curb distress migration. It is in
this context that agriculture has been positioned as a growth driver in the Economic
Plan for BCPPER. 137 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
15.1 Sectoral Snapshot
India stands out amongst major economies in terms of agriculture’s contribution
to GDP and employment. Yet, agricultural productivity and the share of global
exports remain relatively low compared to other leading agri-producing nations.
In Odisha, agriculture and allied activities are central to the economy, supporting
nearly 60% of the population, employing 49% of the workforce, and contributing
18.9% to the state’s GVA
85
. However, existing cropping patterns are highly
concentrated, with cereals and pulses accounting for ~74% of the GCA, of which
paddy alone covers ~45%
86
. Average productivity also lags behind the national
average and neighbouring states such as Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal
87
. On
the positive side, the state government has actively promoted agri-tech adoption
to modernise farming practices, enhance productivity, and support smallholder
farmers; initiatives that have already delivered encouraging results on the ground.
In this context, BCPPER is uniquely positioned, with inherent strengths and
specialities that provide distinct advantages, even as it contends with its own set
of challenges.
Table 15.1: Oppotunities and Challenges of Agriculture Sector
OpportunitiesChallenges
Cuttack
• Major hub for rice, jute, and sugarcane
farming.
• Transitioning into a Smart Agricultural
District with digital and climate-smart
initiatives.
• Growing focus on floriculture,
especially gladiolus and roses.
Khordha
• Major rice hub with strong
horticulture.
• Irrigation improvements to tackle
erratic rainfall.
• Growing floriculture potential for
marigold & tuberose
• Aquaculture from Chilika & shrimp
processing plants.
Post-Harvest Losses
• Lack of cold storage causes major
losses: Khordha (18), Cuttack (13), Puri
(11), Jagatsinghpur (6) defunct units.
Low Productivity
• Paddy: Below national average due
to low seed replacement, outdated
methods.
• Pulses: Weather shocks, no high-yield
varieties.
• Jute: Declining demand, competition
from synthetics.
Lack of Market Access & Technology Gap
• Inadequate food-processing
technology.
• Shortage of skilled workforce.
85 Odisha Economic Survey 2024-25 (2025): Government of Odisha
86 Odisha Agriculture Statistics 2023-24 (2024): Department of Agriculture & Farmers’ Empowerment
87 Odisha Agriculture Statistics 2019-20 (2020): Department of Agriculture & Farmers’ Empowerment Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 138
Jagatsinghpur
• Agriculture-driven economy focused
on paddy (Kharif) & green gram
(Rabi).
• Diverse soil types and high rainfall
support multiple crops.
• Strong brackish water aquaculture
with growing shrimp & crab farming.
Puri
• Major rice, vegetable, and jute farming
hub.
• Expanding irrigation for higher
productivity.
• Growing demand for organic crops &
floriculture (lotus, hibiscus, marigold).
Untapped potential for Aquaculture
• Puri & Jagatsinghpur’s brackish
waters are underutilised;
• Shrimp/crab farming hit by disease
and lack of hatcheries.
• Cold chain/storage gaps cause fish
spoilage.
Aquaculture & Industry Support
• Shortage of quality shrimp seed; Poor
value addition & cold chain.
• Limited private investment & high
tariffs; Harbours not upgraded to EU/
HACCP norms.
• No insurance for crops/vessels.
15.2 The Approach: A Tech-led Strategy for Transitioning to Modern and Sustainable
Agriculture in BCPPER
The EP proposes the following five-step, tech-driven approach to transition
BCPPER towards modern, sustainable, and competitive agriculture with a cluster-
based agri-development model, aligned with the overall strategic theme of port-
led growth at the core:
(i) Diversify the Existing Cropping Pattern
As mentioned earlier, the state’s agriculture sector currently shows high
commodity concentration, making diversification essential to enhance
resilience, improve farmer incomes, and tap into emerging markets. High-
value and export-oriented crops have been identified for large-scale cluster
development, including:
• Rice in Cuttack
• Coconut in Khordha & Puri
• Potato in Cuttack
• Floriculture (Marigold, Roses, Orchids) in Bhubaneswar
Alongside, smaller, localised clusters are proposed for niche crops such
as Mushroom (Bhubaneswar), Exotic Fruits (Khordha), and Amrut Anna
(Puri).
To further support diversification, the establishment of a seed village in
Cuttack is recommended, focusing on high-yielding, climate-resilient seed
varieties that strengthen both sustainability and crop diversity. 139 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
(ii) Accelerate Farm Mechanisation
Enhancing farm mechanisation is critical to ensure timely and efficient
operations, reduce dependence on labour and improve overall resource-use
efficiency. Key recommendations include:
• Improving access for small and marginal farmers to affordable machinery.
• Promoting need-based and customised mechanisation tailored to local
conditions and demand.
• Encouraging R&D and local manufacturing to drive innovation and
sustainability in farm equipment.
(iii) Cluster Development with a Focus on Tech and Innovation
Crop-specific clusters are proposed to enable targeted interventions and
strengthen the entire value chain. Key considerations for selecting crops
for cluster development include considerations like the regional cropping
patterns and suitability, aligning production with market demand, promoting
high-value and export-oriented crops, diversifying into agri-processing,
fisheries, and horticulture, and replacing low-yield crops with higher-
efficiency alternatives.
The detailed architecture of the cluster-based ecosystem is presented in the
next section.
Figure 15.2: Cluster development with a focus on tech & innovation Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 140
(iv) Position BCPPER as East India’s Agri-Export Gateway
BCPPER is strategically positioned to drive India’s “Look East Policy” by
leveraging its unique endowments of:
- Port Infrastructure: An existing major port and two upcoming ports
provide direct access to Southeast Asian markets, key importers of
Indian agricultural products.
- Rich Hinterland: Access to diverse agricultural produce from Odisha
and neighbouring states, including Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and
West Bengal.
- Connectivity: Extensive existing and planned transport infrastructure
ensures smooth and efficient movement of goods.
Figure 15.3 explains key interventions proposed for transforming BCPPER
into India’s agri export gateway and also benchmarks them to global best
practices.
Figure 15.3: Recommended interventions for transforming BCPPER into India’s agri export gateway
(iii) Harness the Power of Digital Data for Future Farming & Drive Productivity
and ROI with Agri-Tech Solutions & Agri-Entrepreneurships
The strategic use of digital data is crucial for enabling smarter, sustainable,
and profitable agriculture. Odisha has emerged as a frontrunner in adopting
digital technologies in the sector. To accelerate this adoption, the state can
establish large-scale, state-led digital skills and advisory training, implement
mechanisms for end-to-end digitalisation and supply chain traceability,
and introduce targeted funding and incentives for rapid rural broadband
expansion.
Integrating agripreneurship with agri-tech offers a transformative pathway
for the agriculture and allied sectors. A subscription-based agri-tech model
is proposed to modernise farming at scale, providing low upfront costs, 141 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
continuous technical support, and flexible solutions tailored to specific
needs. Key use cases across different levels of the value chain are illustrated
in Figure 81.
Figure 15.4: Agri-tech for the complete value-chain
15.2.1 Driving Efficiency through a Cluster-Based Approach with Hub
(Processing Centres) and Spoke (Production Clusters) Architecture
Supported by an Enabling Ecosystem
Figure 15.5: Hub & spoke model for cluster development
The hub-and-spoke model for cluster-based agricultural development positions
crop-specific production clusters (spokes) around centralised processing facilities
(hubs) to boost efficiency and value chain integration.
- Spokes feature high-yield seeds, irrigation, soil testing, small-scale
processing, protected farming, and seed multiplication.
- Hubs provide processing units, cold storage, quality labs, packaging,
and crop-specific facilities. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 142
- R&D through centres of excellence, agritech hubs, and start-ups using
GPS, IoT, drones, AI, and data analytics act as enablers.
- Dedicated marketing channels connect clusters to domestic and
international markets, ensuring better returns.
Implementing this model involves establishing multiple crop-specific clusters,
upgrading the existing mega food park in Khordha to serve as the CPC, creating
a central R&D centre at OUAT, Bhubaneswar, and strengthening market access.
15.3 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Develop Four Crop-Specific Production Clusters and Upgrade the Mega Food
Park in Khordha to Serve as the CPC
Location: Non-basmati rice cluster inn Cuttack; Coconut cluster in Khordha & Puri;
Potato cluster in Cuttack; Floriculture cluster in Cuttack
Details:
Production Cluster:
• Set up seed production and multiplication units.
• Develop input hubs for fertilisers, bio-inputs, CHCs, and agri-advisory.
• Establish primary aggregation and storage centres.
Processing Cluster:
• Set up large-scale processing units for grading, pulping, milling, etc.
• Establish packhouses and cold storage with pre-cooling & ripening chambers.
Value Addition:
• Promote by-product utilisation (e.g., Coconut: Coir, shell powder, activated
carbon; Rice: Bran oil, husk briquettes).
• Set up logistics and distribution hubs linked to markets and ports.
2. Additional Recommendations to Accelerate Firm Mechanisation Initiatives
*Over and Above the Ongoing Schemes and Initiatives
Location: Across the region
Details:
Access & Infrastructure:
• Expand CHCs with mobile/satellite units to reach remote areas.
• Promote rental, leasing and pooling models so small farmers can afford modern
machines.
• Provide tiered subsidies and credit support, with higher benefits for small/
marginal & women farmers. 143 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Capacity & Innovation:
• Organise training & certification for operators, including women and youth.
• Support local innovation in small-scale machines suited to Odisha’s varied terrain
and crops.
• Partner with universities/start-ups for climate-smart and precision mechanisation
(e.g., sensor-based tools, drones).
Policy & Digital Governance:
• Implement monitoring frameworks to measure impact (productivity, cost savings,
farmer satisfaction).
• Incentivise sustainable mechanisation (energy-efficient, soil-friendly machines).
3. Establish a Seed Village under the Beej Gram Yojana, GoI
Location: Utkrushta Beej Gram (seed village) in Cuttack
Details:
• Identify 1–2 villages, each with at least 50 farmers, with a compact, uniform,
contiguous area.
• Set up a seed distribution facility with subsidy support.
• Conduct training on seed production protocols.
• Set up village-level or cluster-level processing units with a grading & certification
facility.
• Provide seed storage infrastructure, quality control & monitoring and conduct
regular awareness drives.
4. Establish Agri-Export Terminals at 2 Sea Ports
Location: Establish dedicated agri-export terminals at Astaranga & Jatadhar Muha
port
Details:
• Establish dedicated agri berths and container handling zone.
• Set up agri warehousing and storage facilities.
• Establish an integrated cold chain zone.
• Set up an agri-frieght consolidation hub.
• Develop multimodal connectivity infrastructure among ICDs, agri clusters, and
mandis.
• Establish a single-window export facilitation centre (customs, DGFT, plant
quarantine, and APEDA).
• Set up final processing and packaging zone. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 144
5. Projects and Interventions for Agri-Export Training & Promotion & Promote
Agripreneurship and Agritech-As-A-Service Model
Location: Establish OUAT as the CoE for agri-export training and promotion
Details:
• OUAT to serve as a nodal knowledge and facilitation hub with satellite training
centres.
• Set up incubation and mentoring hubs at OUAT for agri-export enterprises.
• Set up district-level agripreneurship hubs as satellite incubators linked to OUAT.
• Train FPOs and farmers on key export standards and practices.
• Set up regional export facilitation desks.
• Market promotion and branding activities.
• Launch mobile agri clinics and e-advisory platforms.
• Introduce a digital agriculture innovation fund and state-level agritech challenges
and innovation competitions.
Figure 15.6: Indicative location of proposed projects 145 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
16
Promoting
Fisheries and
Allied Sectors Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 146
16.1 Promoting Fisheries and Allied Sectors to Unlock Blue Economy Potential
Odisha, with its long coastline of 575 km, rich inland water resources, and extensive
brackishwater and marine ecosystems, is among India’s foremost maritime
states. The state holds immense untapped potential to expand both capture and
culture fisheries, contributing significantly to the growth of the blue economy.
By strategically harnessing these resources, Odisha can substantially enhance
fish production to cater to rising domestic demand, boost seafood exports,
and generate large-scale employment and income opportunities, particularly
for coastal communities. Strengthening the fisheries and allied sectors will not
only improve food and nutritional security but also position Odisha as a national
leader in sustainable and inclusive blue growth.
(i) Current Production Trends:
Odisha has witnessed strong growth in
fish production over recent years. Between
2018-19 and 2022-23, total fish production
rose from about 7.59 LMT to 10.52 LMT,
reflecting roughly a 40% increase. It now
ranks fourth among Indian states in overall
fish production. Freshwater production
dominates the sector, accounting for
approximately 66% of the total catch in
2022-23, with brackishwater and marine
sources contributing around 14% and 20%
respectively.
88
BCPPER is a significant constituent of Odisha’s fisheries economy,
integrating substantial inland aquaculture potential with significant marine
and estuarine resources. The coastal districts of Jagatsinghpur and Puri
account for a major share of marine landings, whereas Cuttack and Khordha
contribute predominantly to inland fish production through well-developed
networks of ponds, reservoirs, and community tanks. Collectively, the region
plays a pivotal role in sustaining both capture and culture fisheries, thereby
reinforcing Odisha’s position as a leading maritime state.
(ii) Proposed and Approved Projects:
GoI, through its flagship scheme Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada
Yojana (PMMSY), and the Fisheries & Animal Resources Development
Department, GoO, have been implementing multiple projects to strengthen
the fisheries sector in the region. In this context, the following sections
present recommendations aimed at enhancing both the effectiveness
and operational relevance of these initiatives, ensuring that they deliver
maximum impact and are aligned with the objectives of sustainable growth
and inclusive development in Odisha’s fisheries economy.
88 Odisha Economic Survey 2023-24 (2024): Government of Odisha
Figure 16.1: Fish production
potentials in BCPPER 147 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 16.2: Sanctioned & ongoing projects under PMMSY
(iii) Key Infrastructure Gaps in Odisha’s Fisheries & Aquaculture Sector
Despite Odisha’s rapid growth in fish production, critical infrastructure gaps
continue to constrain the full potential of the fisheries and aquaculture sector.
The major gaps are highlighted in Figure 16.3.
89
The Plan aims to address these
gaps to ensure sustainable expansion, improved livelihoods, and stronger
integration with the blue economy framework.
Figure 16.3: Key infrastructure gaps in Odisha’s fisheries & aquaculture sector
89 Shared by Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, GoI Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 148
16.2 Proposed Interventions
A. List of Projects
1. Establish an Integrated Aquapark*
GoI has approved one Integrated Aqua Park under PMMSY in Sambalpur and may
take up another Aqua Park based on the success of the pilot
Location: Jagatsinghapur
Details:
Seed and grow-out infrastructure:
• Establish hatchery and seed infrastructure units.
• Set up grow-out culture systems with pond-based farming systems, and cage
culture systems in reservoirs.
Health management and monitoring:
• Set up aquatic animal health and disease management centres with diagnostic
labs, mobile vet services, and disease surveillance units.
• Deploy IoT-based farm monitoring systems.
Post-harvest and processing infrastructure:
• Establish post-harvest handling and logistics facilities with ice plants, insulated
fish boxes, and refrigerated transport units.
• Set up fish and shrimp processing plants.
• Develop integrated cold storage infrastructure with cold rooms, blast freezing,
flake ice units, and pre-chilling stations.
2. Hygienic Fish Markets under PMMSY for a Safe & Resilient Value Chain*
Additional recommendations for the GoI sanctioned project for the construction
of the state-of-the-art wholesale fish market
Location: Pandra, Bhubaneswar
Details:
Market Infrastructure:
• Establish covered auction halls.
• Set up loading/unloading bays with on-site ice plants and ice production units
and insulated fish boxes.
• Develop integrated cold storage and pre-chill facilities and blast-freezing
capacity.
Quality & Safety Management:
• Set up quality control and diagnostic labs & FSSAI/NABL-accredited testing
facilities on-site for microbial, histamine, and residue analysis.
• Establish waste management and sanitation systems with hygiene facilities.
IEC & Branding:
• Run promotional campaigns under unified identities (e.g., “Certified Hygienic
Fish Market”). 149 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
3. Mega Seafood Park*
Additional recommendations for GoI approved construction of the mega seafood
park
Location: Deras, Khurda
Details:
Upstream & Production Linkages:
• Strengthen backward linkages with fishermen and farmers
Processing & Value Addition:
• Provide infrastructure support for filleting, marination, IQF, ready-to-cook, &
speciality products
Facilities & Export Logistics:
• Install pre-cooling units, blast freezers, cold storage, and reefer-truck docking
bays
• Create direct linkages to nearby sea port terminals, including container yard
plug-points
• Deploy a digital export traceability platform and integrate with MPEDA
traceability standards
Standards, Labs, & Facilitation:
• Build export certification and testing labs in partnership with MPEDA/EIA
• Create an export-focused training centre at Deras for capacity building in
HACCP, SPS compliance, traceability systems, and international standards
B. Policy Prescriptions
Policy Name (reference policy, if any)
Focus Areas: The Odisha Fisheries Policy 2015, prioritises food security, livelihoods,
and employment, but requires significant updates to align with the National Fisheries
Policy, 2020 and international standards.
• Weak Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS): Establish a robust MCS
framework with vessel tracking, gear registration, licensing reforms, and
integration with Coast Guard/Marine Police for IUU prevention.
• Formal Mechanism for Hatchery Accreditation and Seed Certification: Enforce
hatchery registration, quality control protocols, and seed certification standards
aligned with national guidelines to ensure availability of disease-free, genetically
sound stock.
• Gender Equity and Social Protection: Introduce gender-inclusive policies with
dedicated programs for fisherwomen, insurance schemes, safety nets, and
targeted capacity-building. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 150
• Digital Infrastructure and Spatial Planning Tools: Leverage GIS for aquaculture
zonation, carrying capacity assessments, and introduce digital platforms for
licensing, extension services, and farmer support.
• Blue Economy and Marine Spatial Planning Concepts: Align Odisha’s marine
strategy with Blue Economy principles, including marine spatial planning,
sustainable tourism, and integrated coastal zone management.
Figure 16.4: Indicative location of proposed projects 151 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
17
Sustainability &
Disaster Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 152
17.1 Introduction
The EP envisions accelerating GDP growth through targeted interventions while
safeguarding Odisha’s heritage, religious identity, environment and local culture.
This approach aligns with the Odisha state’s Vision 2047, which rests on a strong
foundation of cultural richness, natural abundance, and human capital. Industrial
and service sector expansion will be pursued alongside robust ecological
safeguards to ensure balanced development.
It further aspires to position Odisha as a national leader in climate adaptation,
resilience, and disaster preparedness, embedding these priorities within the
framework of economic growth. All proposed growth drivers have been designed
with environmental safeguards and sustainable practices in place. While taking
note of the ambitious target set in this Plan to expand the economy of BCPPER by
nearly 23 times, from US$ 22.4 Bn to US$ 500 Bn by 2047, this chapter highlights
strategies to ensure growth does not come at the cost of rising pollution,
unmanaged waste, environmental degradation, or negative health impacts.
Odisha State Sustainability Strategy
Odisha’s Vision 2036 and 2047 outlines a set of sustainability strategies that will
guide long-term development. These strategies, which will also be localised for
BCPPER, include:
(i) Energy: Achieving over 80% penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and
ensuring more than 70% of energy comes from renewable sources by 2047,
as part of the state’s urban development strategy.
(ii) Air Quality: Reducing the state’s average Air Quality Index (AQI), currently
100–120, to below 80 by 2029, below 50 by 2036, and below 20 by 2047.
(iii) Water Resources: Building on initiatives such as the ‘Drink from Tap’ program,
which has already benefited 1.2 Mn people, the state aims to achieve 90%
household access to piped water by 2029 and universal coverage by 2036.
(iv) Land Use: Redeveloping eight brownfield cities, including Paradeep, while
mandating the integration of blue (water systems) and green (parks and
vegetation) infrastructure into city planning.
(v) Biodiversity & Ecosystems: Developing a biodiversity hub in line with
National Green Tribunal (NGT) norms, with projects such as the Mahanadi
waterfront in Cuttack designed to combine ecological sustainability with
the promotion of local culture.
(vi) Climate Change Risks: Addressing the high vulnerability of coastal cities to
cyclones and floods through resilience-building measures.
(vii) Waste Management: Targeting 100% treatment of solid waste and
wastewater by 2047.
17.2 Climate Vulnerability in BCPPER
The region is confronted with complex sustainability challenges arising from
its coastal geography, accelerated urbanisation, rapid industrial growth, and 153 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
pronounced vulnerability to climate change. Utilising a range of datasets, including
Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and
Urban Transformation (AMRUT), historical disaster records from the Odisha
State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA), climate datasets from the
World Resources Institute (WRI), and spatial analyses such as multi-hazard
maps as presented in Figure 17.1. This section systematically evaluates critical
environmental and resilience indicators. The assessment identifies trends in
climate risks, temperature variability, biodiversity, water resources, flood hazards,
and air quality, thereby providing an evidence-based understanding of the
region’s exposure to extreme weather events and mounting resource stresses.
Figure 17.1: Multi hazard map of four districts of BCPPER Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 154
Cyclone Vulnerability
According to OSDMA’s multi-hazard maps, the region is highly susceptible to
cyclones, floods, and storm surges. Bhubaneswar faces an elevated cyclone
risk, with a Climate Action Plan under preparation to strengthen resilience.
Cuttack is exposed to both cyclone and flood hazards, supported by OSDMA-led
preparedness measures. Puri, due to its coastal location, faces severe cyclone
and storm surge risks, while Paradeep’s vulnerable coastline further amplifies
these threats.
Between 1891 and 2024, Odisha experienced over 100 cyclones. Proactive
interventions by OSDMA have been instrumental in reducing disaster impacts,
achieving a nearly 99% reduction in casualties between the 1999 Super Cyclone
and Cyclone Fani in 2019. However, extreme wind speeds associated with cyclones
over the past three decades have significantly affected coastal stretches along
Konark, Puri, and Paradeep. Analysis undertaken by WRI indicates that nearly
63.2% of the population within BCPPER remains highly vulnerable to cyclone
risks, with almost the entire Jagatsinghpur district falling within this zone.
Figure 17.2: Left- historic cyclone map from 1891 to 2020 & Right -
Extreme wind speed map; Source: WRI analysis
Odisha is the first state in India to establish a last-mile early warning system for
disseminating critical disaster-related information. Nearly 1,200 villages across
all coastal districts now receive cyclone and tsunami alerts through sirens and
mass messaging. This system, supported by watchtowers at over 120 coastal
locations, forms the backbone of the state’s disaster preparedness framework.
Complementing this, OSDMA has developed more than 800 multi-purpose cyclone
shelters and constructed evacuation roads along the coastline. Community-level
resilience is further reinforced through village-level Disaster Management Plans
implemented across the state.
Extreme Rainfall Vulnerability
Odisha experiences recurrent floods and droughts, largely driven by erratic
and uneven rainfall patterns, placing additional stress on water management 155 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
and disaster preparedness systems
90
. India Meteorological Department (IMD)
classifies rainfall above 64.5 mm/day as heavy to extremely heavy, and analysis of
2000–2021 data highlights frequent extreme events across the state. Southwest
and western Odisha receive the highest rainfall, with over 150 extremely rainy days
recorded. Trend analysis indicates that the number of extreme rainfall days has
more than doubled, rising from 42 in 1991–2000 to 74 in 2001–2013, underscoring
the increasing risk of flood disasters.
Figure 17.3: Maximum 24-hour accumulated rainfall between 2000-2021;
Data source WRI analysis from ERA 5
Extreme Temperature:
• Maximum Air Temperature: The IMD defines heat waves as extreme
temperature conditions when coastal areas record ≥37°C, plains ≥40°C, or
when deviations exceed +4.5°C from normal levels (Figure 17.4). Odisha has
witnessed a sharp increase in the frequency of heat waves, rising from five
heatwave days (with the longest spell lasting three days) in 2021 to thirty-
seven heatwave days (with eighteen days) in 2024. This escalating trend
highlights intensifying risks to human health and underscores the need for
robust heat management strategies.
90 Odisha Climate Budget 2023-24 (2024): Finance Department; Government of Odisha, 2023 Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 156
• Land Surface Temperature (Nighttime): Odisha aims to mitigate urban heat
stress by enhancing green cover and promoting sustainable infrastructure
planning, as urban heat island effects intensify particulate matter retention in
high-traffic zones. Data from 2001 to 2021 indicates a steady rise in nighttime
land surface temperatures (LST) (refer Figure 17.4), with an increase of
nearly 1°C between 1990 and 2005. Decreasing vegetative cover and rapid
construction associated with urbanisation are some of the factors contributing
to this trend. Higher LST and urban heat island values are particularly evident
along riverside sandbars, further exacerbating localised heat stress.
• Universal Thermal Comfort Index (2005–2025): The Universal Thermal
Comfort Index reflects an increasing incidence of warm nights compared
to warm days, creating heightened risks for public health and livelihoods.
Rising temperature and humidity levels are amplifying heat stress, while
longer heatwave spells further compound discomfort. The index consistently
indicates conditions of extreme thermal stress, contributing to heat-related
illnesses and mortality (refer Figure 17.4). Mitigation strategies addressing
human health, mortality, and climate-induced migration, alongside integrated
socioeconomic policy planning, are becoming increasingly critical for Odisha.
Figure 17.4 : From left to right - Land surface temperature nighttime, Maximum air temperature
& Universal thermal comfort index. Data source: WRI analysis
Groundwater Depletion
Monsoon rainfall is the primary source of groundwater recharge in Odisha,
contributing 58.24% of the total annual recharge. Combined rainfall (monsoon
and non-monsoon) accounts for 66.89%, while the remaining 33.11% is derived
from canal seepage, return flows from irrigation, and recharge from tanks, ponds,
and water conservation structures, as shown in Figure 17.5.
Groundwater conditions vary significantly across districts in the BCPPER,
with challenges of both stress and salinity. While Cuttack is considered safe
for extraction, the Bhubaneswar block in Khordha exhibits semi-critical stress
levels. Jagatsinghpur and Puri face widespread salinity issues that undermine
groundwater usability for agriculture and domestic purposes. District-wise
information is given below
91
:
91 Dynamic Ground water resource of Odisha, Directorate of Ground water development, Government of Odisha; 2025 157 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Cuttack: Net annual extractable groundwater is 690.58 MCM, with extraction at
324.63 MCM. All 14 blocks are categorised as safe, with a Stage of Groundwater
Extraction (SOGWE) of 47.01%.
• Jagatsinghpur: Extractable groundwater is 452.34 MCM, with extraction at
266.57 MCM. The Ersama block is fully affected by salinity, while three others,
Balikuda, Kujang, and Nuagaon, are partially affected.
• Khordha: The Bhubaneswar block records 88.66% groundwater utilisation,
classifying it as semi-critical, whereas the Banapur block shows the lowest
utilisation at 42.89%.
• Puri: Extractable fresh groundwater stands at 596.44 MCM, with extraction at
322.96 MCM. All 11 blocks in the district are partially affected by salinity.
Figure 17.5: Groundwater condition in BCPPER; WRI Analysis with India
groundwater tool and Central groundwater board as data source
Meteorological Drought Probability
Despite Odisha’s abundant water resources, 20 out of 30 districts face seasonal
or perennial water stress due to rapid urbanisation, unregulated groundwater Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 158
extraction, and uneven distribution of surface water bodies
92
. In BCPPER, the
IMD categorises drought probability risk as low; however, localised vulnerabilities
persist, particularly in Puri district, where nearly 28% of the population remains
exposed to drought risk, reflecting the uneven nature of water stress across the
region.
Figure 17.6: Drought probability map, WRI Analysis
Air Pollution Particulate Matter 2.5
The average AQI in Odisha ranges between 100–120, with reduction targets set
under the Odisha Vision Document to below 80 by 2029, below 50 by 2036,
and below 20 by 2047. Preliminary assessments highlight vehicular emissions,
road dust, and construction activities as major contributors to air pollution in
Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. Analysis of PM 2.5 concentrations between 1998 and
2021 indicates that most areas consistently exceed the CPCB’s permissible annual
limit of 40 µg/m
3
, underscoring persistent air quality challenges across the state.
The map in Figure 17.7 shows the maximum annual average PM 2.5 concentration
in the study period for each grid.
92 Odisha Vision Plan 2036 & 2047 159 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Figure 17.7: PM 2.5 concentration map, WRI analysis
Eco-sensitive Areas
BCPPER constitutes one of India’s most ecologically diverse and sensitive regions,
where unregulated development poses a significant threat to natural systems.
The EP, therefore, proposes that built-up activity in these zones is restricted to
safeguard biodiversity and maintain ecological balance. From the nesting grounds
of endangered sea turtles to the Mahanadi floodplains and the vast expanse of
Chilika Lake, the area hosts ecosystems critical to Odisha’s biodiversity, climate
resilience, and long-term sustainability, as indicated in Figure 17.8 and given below.
• Khordha: Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandankanan Zoological
Park
• Cuttack: Mahanadi River floodplains & wetlands, Ansupa Lake
• Jagatsinghpur: Jatadhari River estuary & mangroves, coastal mangrove
patches near Paradip, turtle nesting beaches, wetlands.
• Puri: Chilika Lake, Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary, turtle nesting beaches
(Ramchandi, Astaranga coast), coastal dunes. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 160
Figure 17.8: Ecological sensitive zones
17.3 Proposed Interventions for the Region
To address various climate vulnerabilities and ecological safeguarding, the EP
recommends the following proposals.
(i) Climate Resilience and Disaster Preparedness
• Embed resilient infrastructure standards in all new urban and industrial
projects. Given that Odisha has faced over 100 cyclones since 1891,
designs must integrate cyclone wind speeds, storm surge heights, and
multi-hazard risks. Adoption of resilient building codes can reduce
disaster losses by up to 40%, as per NDMA estimates.
• Expand early warning dissemination systems to achieve 100% last-mile
coverage. While 1,200 villages already receive alerts, coverage should be
universal, with mobile-based alerts, multilingual content, and community
radio. Global evidence shows early warning reduces mortality by over
80% in cyclone-prone regions. 161 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Strengthen natural buffers such as mangroves, wetlands, and dunes.
Coastal mangroves in Odisha reduce storm surge impacts by up to
60%, yet degradation has left areas like Jagatsinghpur highly exposed.
Restoration through MGNREGS and CSR can enhance both resilience
and local livelihoods.
(ii) Water Security and Resource Management
• Adopt integrated water resource management to address uneven
availability. While rainfall accounts for 66.9% of groundwater recharge,
20 of 30 districts face seasonal or perennial stress. District-level water
balance studies should guide regulation of withdrawals and allocation.
• Promote wastewater reuse and recycling, drawing from Gujarat’s
urban-to-industry circularity model. Industries in Paradeep and Khordha
could use treated sewage from Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, reducing
dependence on freshwater. Gujarat’s model has cut industrial freshwater
demand by 30–40%.
• Establish salinity mitigation programs in Jagatsinghpur and Puri, where
all blocks are salinity-affected, and plausible solutions like recharge wells,
rainwater harvesting, and controlled abstraction need to be considered.
Salinity-free zones would directly benefit agriculture, which supports
over 50% of rural livelihoods.
• Implement decentralised flood management by restoring urban tanks,
ponds, and water retention basins. With extreme rainfall days doubling
from 42 (1991–2000) to 74 (2001–2013), such measures are critical to
mitigate waterlogging and urban flooding.
(iii) Clean Air and Urban Environment
• Operationalise NCAP action plans in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack with
measurable PM2.5 reduction targets. Current average AQI levels (100–
120) exceed CPCB limits (40 µg/m3 annual for PM2.5). Clear targets,
below 80 by 2029 and below 20 by 2047, should guide interventions.
• Expand green urban infrastructure by mandating roadside plantations,
rooftop gardens, and dedicated green belts. Evidence from Indian cities
shows urban greening can lower PM2.5 levels by up to 10% and reduce
nighttime land surface temperatures by 1–1.5°C.
• Adopt clean construction guidelines across all ULBs, building on Odisha’s
2025 RMC plant guidelines. Dust suppression and regulated siting will
reduce construction-related pollution, a key source in Bhubaneswar and
Cuttack.
• Strengthen public health surveillance by linking air quality monitoring
with Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI) data under the State Action Plan on
Climate Change and Human Health (2022–2027). This will help quantify
health costs, which currently represent 1–2% of GDP nationally. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 162
(iii) Biodiversity and Eco-sensitive Zone Protection
• Declare no-build and restricted development zones in areas such as
Chilika Lake, Mahanadi floodplains, and turtle nesting beaches. Limiting
built-up in these zones preserves ecosystems that; provide flood control,
fisheries, and tourism revenues worth an estimated ₹1,500 crore annually.
• Promote integrated land-use planning to secure wildlife corridors and
reduce human-animal conflict. With 10 elephant corridors identified for
restoration, coordinated land-use controls are essential to balance urban
growth with conservation.
• Leverage eco-tourism and cultural tourism models in Chilika, Konark,
and mangrove areas. Globally, eco-tourism generates 20–30% higher
per capita local income compared to mass tourism, offering Odisha a
sustainable growth pathway.
• Mandate ecological offset policies requiring industries near sensitive
zones (e.g., Paradeep petrochemical belt) to finance mangrove restoration
and wetland protection. Offsets ensure industries internalise ecological
costs, aligning with NGT principles.
(iv) Heat Stress and Public Health Adaptation
• Develop a regional Heat Action Plan covering Khordha, Cuttack, Puri,
and Jagatsinghpur. With heatwave days rising from 5 in 2021 to 37 in
2024, early warning systems, designated cooling centres, and workplace
advisories are essential.
• Mandate heat-resilient building codes that incorporate reflective roofs,
passive cooling, and ventilation. Retrofitting programs could lower
indoor heat stress by 2–3°C, reducing heat-related illness cases.
• Expand blue-green infrastructure by creating shaded corridors,
restoring water bodies, and developing urban forests. Studies show
such infrastructure can reduce local land surface temperature by 1–2°C,
mitigating the urban heat island effect.
• Invest in community health awareness programs, especially for children,
the elderly, and outdoor workers. Odisha could adopt Ahmedabad’s Heat
Action Plan model, which reduced heatwave mortality by 30% in its first
decade.
For mitigation and adaptation measures based on this please refer Annexure
II. 163 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
18
Quality of Life
and Liveability Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 164
18.1 Snapshot
“Quality of Life and Liveability” is one of the three core pillars of the G-Hub
Framework, focusing on translating economic growth into measurable and
equitable improvements in citizens’ well-being. This pillar emphasises the
creation of inclusive, resilient, and sustainable urban environments that enhance
accessibility, health, safety, and social cohesion. The recommendations of the
Economic Plan for BCPPER are built upon the strategic priorities outlined in
Odisha Vision 2047, which envisions the state as “a land of opportunity and
prosperity, leveraging its natural assets and cultural heritage to ensure that every
citizen can lead a better, healthier, and happier life”.
BCPPER, home to nearly 17% of Odisha’s population and contributing
approximately 19% of the State’s GDP, serves as the principal anchor of Odisha’s
urban and economic landscape. The region demonstrates significant potential
for enhancing liveability and economic competitiveness, while also facing distinct
developmental challenges.
• Opportunities: The region benefits from strong institutional capacities, a
growing services sector, and progressive initiatives in housing, healthcare,
education, and sustainable infrastructure. The integration of smart systems
and regional transport networks is further strengthening accessibility,
connectivity, and service delivery across the region.
• Challenges: Rapid urbanisation has led to rising congestion in Bhubaneswar
and Cuttack, limited access to basic urban services in peri-urban areas, low
public transport modal share (around 8%), and a persistent shortage of
affordable housing. Additionally, the region’s coastal location heightens its
vulnerability to cyclones and flooding, underscoring the need for enhanced
climate resilience and disaster preparedness.
These dynamics highlight the need to move from sectoral interventions to a
convergent, citizen-centric framework that improves both access and quality of
urban life.
18.2 Approach: Integrating Liveability with Growth Drivers
The liveability agenda in BCPPER is not a standalone sectoral target but an
integrated outcome of coordinated action across sectors. This chapter aligns
with the sectoral recommendations of the growth drivers while proposing new
and complementary interventions to enhance urban experience, safety, inclusivity,
and sustainability.
• Housing and Real Estate: Expanding the supply of affordable and serviced
housing, supported by industrial township models and land value capture
mechanisms, will promote inclusive and well-planned urbanisation.
• Transport and Mobility: Establishing a seamless regional mobility network
integrating road, rail, and public transport systems will decongest urban cores
and strengthen connectivity between major cities and emerging economic
nodes. 165 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
• Health and Education: Developing sector-focused education corridors,
skilling hubs, and Edu-SEZs will expand social infrastructure and reinforce the
region’s human capital base.
• Environment and Resilience: Implementing coastal protection measures,
blue-green infrastructure, and renewable energy initiatives will enhance the
region’s sustainability, resilience, and environmental security.
• Governance and Service Delivery: Advancing institutional reforms through
the Economic Region Development Authority (ERDA) and expanding
Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCCs) will strengthen data-driven
governance and responsive service delivery across the region.
18.3 Proposed Interventions for Liveability
Projects
1. Climate Action and Urban Greening
• Low Emission and Clean Air Zones (LEZs): Designate LEZs in high-density
areas to curb emissions and improve air quality.
• Urban Green Corridors: Develop interconnected blue-green networks along
rivers, canals, and open spaces to manage flood risks and enhance recreation.
• Nature-Based Solutions (NbS): Integrate NbS for stormwater management,
coastal resilience, and heat mitigation in urban planning.
2. Public Spaces and Connectivity
• Complete Streets Policy: Adopt design standards for pedestrian-friendly,
inclusive, and universally accessible streets with integrated utilities.
• Urban Infrastructure on Tender SURE Model: Implement coordinated road
and utility development standards to improve safety and maintenance.
• Placemaking and Cultural Landscape Projects: Revitalise temple precincts,
waterfronts, and heritage corridors to strengthen local identity and community
life.
3. Housing and Sustainable Development
• Green Building Practices: Promote energy-efficient designs, local materials,
and water-sensitive construction Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 166
4. Governance and Monitoring
• Regional Liveability Index: Establish measurable indicators across air quality,
accessibility, housing, open space, and safety.
• Integrated Urban Observatory: Expand ICCC networks into a regional platform
for environmental, mobility, and utility data integration.
Collectively, these measures will position BCPPER as a model for integrated
regional development where economic growth and liveability are mutually
reinforcing. By strengthening sectoral investments and improving the built
environment, environmental quality, and overall well-being, BCPPER will drive
Odisha’s urban transformation and emerge as a preferred destination for skilled
talent, innovative enterprises, and sustainable long-term investment. 167 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
19
Conclusion:
A Blueprint for Regional
Transformation Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 168
19.1 Conclusion
Hon’ble Prime Minister, while addressing the celebrations of 20 years of Gujarat’s
urban growth story, had observed that “Urban areas are our growth centres, we
will have to make urban bodies growth centres of economy. ” Urban regions have
historically been at the forefront of development, driving progress, innovation,
and prosperity. And their critical role in shaping national growth will only intensify
in the coming decades.
To harness the full potential of India’s urban economy, it is essential to develop
long-term strategic plans that are anchored in economic growth, with locally
grounded solutions, and an inclusive, holistic approach. The Economic Plan for
BCPPER is one such example, a forward-looking roadmap for a city-region that
not only considers the aggregated impact of the regional economy but also
brings the economic growth model to the centre of urban planning.
Aligned with the national and state visions of Viksit Bharat@2047 and Viksit
Odisha@2047, the Economic Plan seeks to position the region as a key growth hub
of Eastern India through a structured framework comprising 89 sectoral projects
and 37 policy prescriptions with 4 dedicated economic zones. The plan focuses
on institutional reforms, regulatory facilitation, infrastructure development, and
sectoral strategies to ensure sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
This Economic Plan is not a static blueprint but a dynamic and adaptable
framework, designed to respond to evolving challenges, opportunities, and
aspirations. By striking a balance between ambition and practicality, and between
localisation and scalability, the Economic Plan for BCPPER provides a strategic
long-term framework that lays the foundation for sustained, inclusive, and future-
ready regional growth.
The projects are indicative in nature; while some are at various stages of
development, several new ones have been proposed. It will be necessary
to undertake feasibility studies and prioritise them based on demand and
complementarity. 169 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Project Team
Managing Urbanization Division- NITI Aayog
Team Lead
• Ms. Anna Roy, Principal Economic Adviser & Programme Director
Team Members
• Ms. Urmila, Director
• Mr. Arunava Dey, Research Officer
• Mr. Kaustubh Srivastava, Consultant
• Mr. Anchal Saxena, Consultant
• Mr. Akshat Thakore, Consultant
• Mr. Maudood Ahmad Karimi, Consultant
• Mr. Deepak Rana, Young Professional
• Ms. Swati Pradhan, Consultant
• Mr. Sandeep Gangala, Consultant Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 170
Annexure-I
Table 20.1: Anchor Institutions for Knowledge Corridors
Corridor Potential InstitutionsPotential Industry/Clusters
IT Corridor
(Bhubaneswar-Cuttack)
IIT Bhubaneswar, IIIT
Bhubaneswar, OUTR,
NISER, XIM University
GCCs (Infosys, TCS, Wipro,
Deloitte), IT parks in
Bhubaneswar & Cuttack
Maritime &
Manufacturing Corridor
(Paradip & Khordha)
IIT Bhubaneswar
(ocean engineering),
CIPET Bhubaneswar,
Engineering colleges in
Khordha/Cuttack
Paradip Port industries,
PCPIR (Paradip), Khordha
industrial clusters, MSMEs
Medical & Biotech
District (Cuttack-
Bhubaneswar)
AIIMS Bhubaneswar, SCB
Medical College, IMS &
SUM, SOA University
Biotech startups,
healthcare service
industry, pharma hubs
Agriculture & Marine
Corridor (Puri &
Jagatsinghpur)
OUAT, ICAR-CIFA
(Central Institute of
Freshwater Aquaculture)
Agri-tech firms, food
processing industries, and
marine biology research
linked to Chilika & coastal
Puri
Heritage & Culture
Corridor (Puri)
Shri Jagannath
Sanskrit University,
Odia University, Utkal
University (heritage
studies)
Tourism operators, cultural
institutions, heritage
management firms
Annexure 171 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Annexure-II
Figure 20.1: List of projects in BCPPER located on the map
Mitigation and Adaptation Measures
The Economic Plan is built on a three-pillar framework focusing on balanced growth,
improved quality of life and inclusivity, and long-term sustainability. Under the sustainability
pillar, a detailed assessment of environmental risks and disaster resilience was conducted,
with key findings summarised in Section 17. Based on analyses of climate vulnerabilities,
resource depletion, and ecologically sensitive zones within the BCPPER, project-specific
mitigation strategies have been developed. These strategies are to be integrated into
project design and implementation as core elements of sustainable development.
S. No.
Projects
Covered
(Figure 20.1)
Key Environmental Risks
/ Focus Areas
High-Level Mitigation Strategies
i
All Tourism
Projects (Sr. No.
26–32)
Eco-sensitive zones,
biodiversity, waste
management
• Maintain 10 km buffer around
ESZs/protected areas.
• Avoid fragmentation of natural
corridors.
• Promote afforestation and soil
restoration using indigenous
species.
• Ensure community participation
in eco-tourism and conservation.
• Protect mangroves and
shoreline ecosystems.
• Enforce OSPCB norms for solid
and municipal waste, especially
near Chilika Lake. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 172
ii
Transport and
Ports Projects
(Sr. No. 18–20)
Marine ecology, pollution,
regulatory compliance
• Obtain MoEFCC/SEIAA
clearances with clean fuel and
low-emission design.
• Ensure CPCB-compliant water
and waste management.
• Zero waste dumping into natural
water bodies.
• Conduct marine ecology, CRZ,
and EIA impact studies with
state-level review.
iii
Paradip PCPIR
Projects (Sr. No.
10–16, 21–25)
Cyclones, floods, and
disaster resilience
• Early warning systems per
NIDM, with GIS tracking.
• Drone-based surveillance and
3D/4D data assimilation.
• Enforce structural codes (IS:875-
1987, IS:456-2000, IS:800-1984).
• Support community-based
adaptation and cyclone-
resistant housing.
iv
Dedicated
Industrial Belt
(Sr. No. 1, 14, 15,
26, 32, 34, 38)
Groundwater depletion,
heat stress
Groundwater Risk Management:
• Implement Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD).
• Install rainwater harvesting
systems.
• Reuse treated wastewater for
non-potable applications.
Heat Stress Mitigation:
• Use dry/hybrid cooling systems.
• Develop green cover and shaded
areas.
• Add vertical gardens and
rooftop greenery.
• Use reflective, permeable
pavements.
• Provide energy efficiency
incentives for industries. 173 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
v
All Coastal
Projects
beyond PCPIR
(Sr. No. 1, 5, 16,
17, 19, 20, 26,
29, 30, 31)
Flooding, cyclones, storm
surges, heat stress
• Build above surge levels with
resilient design standards.
• Maintain mangroves, dunes, and
wetlands as buffers.
• Use blue–green drainage
systems for stormwater.
• Strengthen early warning,
evacuation, and continuity
systems.
• Enhance heat and water security
through passive cooling and
reservoir rejuvenation.
vi
Projects within
Core City Limits
Air pollution, indoor air
quality, energy use
• Develop green and clean
infrastructure (urban forests,
vertical gardens).
• Adopt renewable energy and
EV-based transport.
• Install advanced air filtration in
all buildings.
• Implement continuous air
quality monitoring and public
disclosure. Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 174
Annexure-III
Comparative Analysis of State Data Centre Policies in India (Deloitte Analysis)
State
Policy
Year
Incentives
Offered
Capacity
Targets
Power/Infra
Provision
Remarks
Maharashtra 2023
Capex subsidy,
dual-grid power,
stamp duty
exemption
700 MW
Strong
renewable
linkage
Benchmark
model
Tamil Nadu 2021
Land subsidy,
power tariff
benefit
200 MW
Designated
DC parks
Mature
policy
Gujarat 2022
Capital support,
100% stamp duty
exemption
4 MW Cluster-basedEarly stage
Odisha 2022
Limited
incentives via
IT Policy, lacks
a standalone
framework
NA
General infra
support
Needs
update 175 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Annexure-IV
TypeDistrict Name of City/Town
Municipal Corporation (2)
CuttackCuttack
KhordhaBhubaneswar
Municipality (6)
CuttackChoudwar
Jagatsinghapur Jagatsinghapur
JagatsinghapurParadip
KhordhaJatani
KhordhaKhordha
PuriPuri
Notified Area Council
(NAC*) (7)
CuttackAthagad
CuttackBanki
KhordhaBalugaon
KhordhaBanapur
PuriKonark
PuriNimapada
PuriPipili Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 176
Sector
No. of projects
MC/ M NAC Total
Agriculture303
Education & Skilling909
Fishery101
Integrated Transport202
IT & Innovation415
Manufacturing303
Ports347
Real Estate101
Textile, Handloom and
Handicraft
606
Tourism9918
Total411455
* A Notified Area Council (NAC) in Odisha is an urban local body created in towns
that are developing urban characteristics but are not yet large enough to be declared
municipalities. NACs serve as transitional urban administrative units and are empowered
to provide civic amenities and oversee development in fast-growing towns. 177 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Annexure-V
Details of Existing Projects - BCPPER
Project
Name
Location Brief Overview Timeline
Devel-
oped by
Implementing
Organization
Status of
Opera-
tion
Mahanadi
Riverfront
Project
Cuttack
Sabarmati-model
riverfront de-
velopment in
Cuttack, featur-
ing eco-tourism
zones, water
sports, cultural
festivals, and
flood-resilient
infrastructure
2025-
2026
(Phase I)
State
Housing &
Urban Devel-
opment Dept.,
Odisha
In Prog-
ress
Develop-
ment of
Puri Konark
Marine Drive
Beachfront
Chan-
drabagha,
Puri
Puri
Beachfront
structures, gym,
landscaping
2021-22 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress
PRASHAD:
Chausath
Yogini Tem-
ple
Hirapur,
Bhu-
baneswar
Infrastructure
development at
the 9th-century
Chausath Yogini
Temple in Hira-
pur (Khordha),
including pilgrim
amenities and
conservation
efforts.
2024-
2026
Centre
(Ministry
of Tour-
ism)
State Tourism
Dept. / Ar-
chaeological
Survey of India
(ASI)
In Prog-
ress
Redevel-
opment of
Astasambhu
Tourism
Corridor and
other tourist
places of
Niali Block
Cuttack
Redevelopment
of temples,
gates, complexes
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Develop-
ment of
Integrated
Craft Centre
at Raghura-
jpur in Puri
District
Puri
Craft centre,
electrification,
welcome gate
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Repair-Main-
tenance/
Value addi-
tion work of
Indigenous
Rural Tour-
ism Project
at Pipili, Puri
Puri
Tourist amenity,
crafts centre,
landscaping
2023-24 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region | 178
Project
Name
Location Brief Overview Timeline
Devel-
oped by
Implementing
Organization
Status of
Opera-
tion
Construction
of common
facilities
centre of
excellence
on Silver
Filigree, Cut-
tack
Cuttack
Construction,
façade lighting,
external develop-
ment
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Develop-
ment of
Mangala
River Side
Beach, Puri
Puri
Toilets, café,
yoga area, seat-
ing, landscaping
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Redevelop-
ment Work
at Blue Flag
Beach, Puri
Puri
Beach amenities,
café, yoga deck,
play area
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Extension
of Pres-
ervation/
Protection
of Coastline
and Beach
near Lotus
Resort/ Eco
Retreat at
Ramchandi,
Konark (286
mtr)
Puri
Embankment ex-
tension (286 m)
2023-24 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress
Construction
of Satakosia
Eco Tourism
in Cuttack
District
Cuttack
6 Eco-cottages,
Swimming Pools,
Landscaping, etc.
2018-19 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Construc-
tion of
Eco-Cottag-
es at Baliput
Satakosia
in Cuttack
District
Cuttack
Eco-cottages,
landscaping, tree
house, etc.
2022-23 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress 179 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region
Project
Name
Location Brief Overview Timeline
Devel-
oped by
Implementing
Organization
Status of
Opera-
tion
Infrastruc-
ture De-
velopment
Barabati
Fort at Cut-
tack
Cuttack
Welcome gate,
parking, bridge,
landscaping
2022-23 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Develop-
ment of Vis-
itor Centre
Complex at
Udayagiri &
Khandagiri,
Prohibited
Zone (Part-
1)
Khordha
Visitor centre,
plazas, prome-
nade
2021-22 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
PRASHAD:
Infrastruc-
ture Devel-
opment at
Puri
Puri
Holistic de-
velopment of
Puri’s spiritual
and tourism
infrastructure,
including Shree
Jagannath Dham,
beachfronts,
pilgrimage
routes, and waste
management
systems.
2015-On-
going
Centre
(Ministry
of Tour-
ism)
State Tour-
ism Dept. /
India Tourism
Development
Corporation
(ITDC)
In Prog-
ress
Integrated
Develop-
ment of Eka-
mra Kshetra
Bhu-
baneswar
Development
of temple areas,
plazas, and mar-
kets
2018-19 PWD PWD
In Prog-
ress
Develop-
ment of Maa
Mangala
Temple at
Kakatpur in
Puri District
Puri
Civil works,
electrification,
welcome gate
2024-25 OTDC OTDC
Yet to
Start
Masterplan
for Destina-
tion Devel-
opment of
Bakulabana,
Satyabadi
District-Puri
(Phase -1)
Puri
Beautification,
plaza, pond,
landscaping
2022-23 OTDC OTDC
In Prog-
ress 181 | Economic Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Puri-Paradeep Economic Region