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India Innovation
Index 201

Report designed by Jasper Levi for NITI Aayog and Institute for Competitiveness.

India Innovation
Index 201

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N 3 R o b 3 f



9 5 t 3 o

- N o i } L N i } x O R u x i R f f i ~ 3 y T i f N 3 u 5 9 9 f i f 9 i < x N 9 c j u x m i 9 o J ] c 9 3 f u i < 7 o R ~ R f L L o i x O 3 f 7 m o i u m 9 s U x i < f 3 x U i f u
. O R v R w 9 u m 9 6 R 3 ] ] y o } 9 R f c i 7 9 o f y R b 9 u N 9 o 9 R f f i ~ 3 x T i f R f 9 ~ 9 q E 9 ] 7 R u x 3 Z U f L m ] 3 6 9 3 x u } 6 O 3 m 3 6 9 x O 3 x = 4 X f L x i 7 i u i
6 3 f u i } f 7 x N 9 7 9 3 x Q Z f 9 ] ] H o 9 6 i f i d R 9 u i } f x o S 9 u 3 o i } f 7 x O 9 j o ] 7 3 o 9 5 9 L R f f R f L x i } f 7 9 o u x 3 f 7 x N 9 } o L 9 f 6 x i R f f i ~ 3 x 9
3 f 7 u N R < x U f L x N 9 R o m i ] W 6 < l 6 } u x i 3 o 7 u 5 } R ^ 7 R f L u x o i f L 9 o R f f i ~ 3 x U ~ 9 6 3 m 3 6 R x U 9 u i } f x s R 9 u a 9 Q U f 3 3 f 7 + 3 } 7 R o 3 5 R 3 3 o 9
m } o u } R f L R f f i ~ 3 y R i f 3 u 3 ] i f L x 9 o b u x o 3 x 9 M
x R u O 9 3 o x 9 f R f L x i u 9 9 x N 3 x f 7 U 3 R u u O i R f L 9 n } 3 ] 9 f x O } u R 3 u c x i 3 o 7 u 9 f O 3 f 6 R f L R x u R f f i ~ 3 y U ~ 9 u m T r R x / O 9 f 7 U 3
f f i ~ 3 y R i f f 7 9 u x 3 f 7 u x 9 u x 3 e 9 f x x i x N 3 x C 6 x / O 9 o 9 m i o x R u 3 o 9 u } ] x i < 6 i f 6 9 o x 9 7 9 ? @ i o x u ] 9 7 5 x O 9 & / 3 i L 3 x
x O 9 5 9 O 9 u x i < x Q 9 i ~ 9 o f c 9 f x i < f 7 U 3 x i 3 u u 9 u u x O 9 u x 3 x 9 i < R f f i ~ 3 x U i f 3 x x O 9 f 3 y R i f 3 ] 3 f 7 u } 5 f 3 x R i f 3 ] ^ 9 ~ 9 ] 3 6 o i u u f 7 R 3
u x O 9 m o R b 3 6 3 x 3 ] u x u H o 3 6 O R 9 ~ 9 c 9 f x i < f 3 | i f 3 ] L i 3 ] u 3 f 7 m o R i o R | 9 u x O 9 u x 3 x 9 u R ^ ^ m ] 3 3 f R f 7 R u m 9 f u 3 5 ] 9 o i ] 9 R f
7 o R ~ R f L x O 9 6 i } f x r u R f f i ~ 3 x T ~ 9 6 3 m 3 6 R y U 9 u H o 3 o 7 / O 9 f 7 T 3 g f i ~ 3 y R i f f 7 9 R u 3 7 3 x 3 7 o R ~ 9 f 9 < B i o x x i R 7 9 f y T K x O 9
6 i o 9 3 o 9 3 u x N 3 x 3 o 9 6 s } 6 R 3 ] H o R f f i ~ 3 y T i f 3 f 7 x i 3 u u 9 u u x N 9 u x 3 x 9 u 5 3 u 9 7 i f x N i u 9 m 3 o 3 c 9 x 9 o u
/ N : f 7 9 R u 3 R e 9 7 3 x m o i ~ R 7 U f L u x 3 Z 9 N i ^ 7 9 o u U y N 3 f 9 < > 9 6 x R ~ 9 x i i ] x i x o 3 6 [ x O 9 m o i L o 9 u u i < T f f i ~ 3 x U i f U h f 7 T 3 3 x 5 i x O x O 9
f 3 x U i f 3 ] 3 f 7 x N 9 u x 3 x 9 ] 9 ~ 9 ] x 6 3 f O 9 ] m 6 9 f x r 3 ] 3 f 7 u x 3 x 9 L i ~ 9 o f c 9 f x 5 9 f 6 O c 3 o [ o 9 L R i f 3 ] m 9 o H o e 3 f 6 9 T x O o 9 u m 9 6 x x i
R f f j ~ 3 x U i f 3 f 7 m o i ~ R 7 9 m i ] W 6 R f u R L N x u i f N 3 x f 9 9 7 u x i 5 9 7 i f 9 x i R c m o i ~ 9 3 f 7 9 f N 3 f 6 9 R x u x O R u R u x O 9 G u x 9 < A i o x i < R x u
\ T f 7 H o f 7 R 3 R x R u 9 m 9 6 x 9 7 x O 3 x x O 9 f 7 9 U ^ ^ 5 9 o 9 F f 9 7 i ~ 9 o x R c 9 3 f 7 R c m o i ~ 9 c 9 f x u V ^ _ 5 9 e 3 7 9 x i x O 9 c 9 x O i 7 i ] i L
3 f 7 x O 9 m o i 6 9 u u i < 9 ~ 3 ] } 3 y R i f R f x O 9 6 i e R f L 9 3 o u
/ O 9 f u x U { } x 9 H o i b m 9 x U x R ~ 9 f 9 u u R u m ] 9 3 u 9 7 x i m o i ~ R 7 9 ' ! - 3 i L R x O [ f i ] 9 7 L 9 u } m m i o x R f x O R u 9 f 7 9 3 ~ i } o 3 f 7
O 9 ^ m R f L x O 9 6 i } f x o c i ~ 9 x i 3 o 7 u 3 c i o 9 R f f i ~ 3 x U ~ 9 f 3 x R i f i } ] 7 ^ U [ 9 x i x N 3 f Z o % } o 3 ] U " o R u N f 3 " } c 3 o + o
7 ~ R u 9 o & - 3 i L 3 f 7 + N o R 0 # + N 3 o c 3 7 ~ R u ; o ' - 3 i L I o x N 9 R o x V r 9 ] : u u u } m m i o x x N o i } L N i } x x N 9 9 ~ 3 ] } 3 x U i f
m o j 6 9 u u i < x N 9 f 7 U 3 f f i ~ 3 x U i f f 7 9 i } ] 7 3 ] u k ] R [ 9 x i x O 3 f Z + N o R ) 3 Y R ~ # } c 3 o + O o R 1 # + 3 o 3 u 3 x + O o R 1 R f i 7
( 3 } ] + O o R * 3 b 9 u N O 3 f 7 , N o R c x 3 5 N # 3 f x 3 f 7 + N o R 2 3 7 } ~ 9 f 7 o 3 % 3 x N } o H o x N 9 R o R f ~ 3 ] } 3 5 ] 9 D 9 7 5 3 6 Z 7 } o R f L x O 9
m o i 6 9 u u
$ 3 u x ^ i } ^ 7 ] U Z 9 x i 3 6 Z f i ] 9 7 L 9 x N : u } m m i o x i < b x 9 3 b 3 x x N 9 f u x R { } x 9 H o i b m 9 x R y R ~ 9 f 9 u u R f 6 ] } 8 f L f R o } 7 7 N
} x x 3 3 O R r 3 L 2 3 7 3 ~ % 3 f u N 3 # 3 m i i o 3 f 7 & R p 3 f } m x 3 R f 6 i c m R ] R f L x N R u o 9 m i o x 3 b 6 9 o x 3 R f z P 3 x x O 9 u x } 7 i } x ` R f 9 7
O 9 o 9 R ^ ] 9 f 3 5 ] 9 x o 3 f u H o c 3 x U i f 3 ] 6 N 3 f L 9 R f ! f 7 R 3 u R f f j ~ 3 x R i f 9 f ~ R o i f c 9 f x

R R R R R + C $ R R M A * : 5 R R R A Q 5 R 5 # , R
$ R 3 0 H 1 > ; < B " = 4 ? % I - J . N & 6 % D E / 7 R R M A 2 R P P P ! < @ ' K 0 L 0 O ( 8 ) F G 0 9 R

12
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1: Link between Innovation and Competitiveness at the global level
Figure 6.1: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a Percentage of GDP
Figure 6.2: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a Percentage of GDP
Figure 7.1: India Innovation Index Pillar Level Framework
Figure 7.2: Measures of India Innovation Index
Figure 7.3: Index Calculation Steps
Figure 7.4: Index Innovation Index Framework
Figure 8.1: Country-level Analysis of India Innovation Index
Figure 8.2: Link between Innovation and Competitiveness
Figure 8.3: Link between Innovation and Economic Development
Figure 8.4: Performance of states on Human Capital
Figure 8.5: Over-performing and under-performing states: Human Capital
Figure 8.6: Performance of states on Investment
Figure 8.7: Over-performing and under-performing states: Investment
Figure 8.8: Performance of states on Knowledge Workers
Figure 8.9: Over-performing and under-performing states: Knowledge Workers
Figure 8.10: Performance of states on Business Environment
Figure 8.11: Over-performing and under-performing states: Business Environment
Figure 8.12: Performance of states on Safety & Legal Environment
Figure 8.13: Over-performing and under-performing states: Safety & Legal Environment
Figure 8.14: Performance of states on Knowledge Output
Figure 8.15: Over-performing and under-performing states: Knowledge Output
Figure 8.16: Performance of states on Knowledge Diffusion
Figure 8.17: Over-performing and under-performing states: Knowledge Diffusion
I V 8 P J 0 u X n N X N N @
I V 8 P J 0 u X n N X N N @ ! 5 8 o N z N n 8
I V 8 P J 0 u X n N X N N @ @ X n N 8 @
Figure 11.1: Comparing country leaders
Figure 11.2: Scorecard of Andhra Pradesh

13
PREFACE 14
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15
17
18
19
20
21
23
25
32
32
33
34
58
203
207
210
211

213






5INTRODUCTION
5WHAT IS INNOVATION?
5WHY INNOVATE?
5NEED TO MEASURE INNOVATION
5GLOBAL APPROACHES FOR MEASURING INNOVATION
5INDIA VERSUS THE WORLD
5INDIA INNOVATION INDEX
5INDIA INNOVATION INDEX: KEY FINDINGS WCOUNTRY-
LEVEL ANALYSIS
STATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS
PILLAR-LEVEL ANALYSIS
5STATE PROFILES
5EFFICENCY OF INNOVATION
5LEARNINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5THE WAY FORWARD
APPENDIX
5 5 t J X N 8 N @ @ V 8 @ WAppendix
B: Data availability
5 5 t ! J X n 8 N N 8 @
5 5 t ( J N @
5 5 t 0 J @ N @ o 8 @ N @ @ 8 @ W
5 5 t I J ( @ 8 8 @ W 5 5 t
J J 8 J 8 V 5 @
5 5 t R J o ( N @
5 5 t X J 8 @
CONTENTS

14
( T \ S [ P Z [ H N L P [ L Y H [ P ] L W Y V J L Z Z ^ H Z M V S S V ^ L K [ V Y L H J O
[ O L T V Z [ H J J \ Y H [ L M Y H T L ^ V Y R M V Y [ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U
0 U K L _ ; O L Y Z [ Z [ H N L P U ] V S ] L K P U [ L Y H J [ P V U Z I L [ ^ L L U 5 0 ; 0
( H ` V N H U K [ O L R U V ^ S L K N L W H Y [ U L Y Z [ V K L ] L S V W H W P S S H Y
S L ] L S M Y H T L ^ V Y R M V Y [ O L 0 U K L _ ; O L Z L J V U K Z [ H N L P U ] V S ] L K
P K L U [ P M ` P U N H S S W V Z Z P I S L Z L [ Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U T L [ Y P J Z [ O H [
H Y L Y L S L ] H U [ [ V [ O L 0 U K P H U Z L [ [ P U N ; O L [ O P Y K Z [ L W P U ] V S ] L K
L U N H N P U N ^ P [ O R L ` L _ W L Y [ Z H U K Z [ H R L O V S K L Y Z [ V Z V S P J P [
M L L K I H J R H U K ] H S P K H [ P V U
0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ T L H Z \ Y L Z P U U V ] H [ P V U P U W \ [ Z [ O Y V \ N O
L U H I S L Y Z H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U V \ [ W \ [ H Z W L Y M V Y T H U J L - P ] L
L U H I S L Y W P S S H Y Z J H W [ \ Y L L S L T L U [ Z V M [ O L Z [ H [ L L J V U V T `
[ O H [ H J [ H Z P U W \ [ Z [ V P U U V ] H [ P V U L U ] P Y V U T L U [ ! / \ T H U
* H W P [ H S 0 U ] L Z [ T L U [ 2 U V ^ S L K N L , T W S V ` T L U [ ) \ Z P U L Z Z
, U ] P Y V U T L U [ H U K : H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; ^ V
W L Y M V Y T H U J L W P S S H Y Z 2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ H U K 2 U V ^ S L K N L
+ P H \ Z P V U J H W [ \ Y L P [ Z W L Y M V Y T H U J L
; O L 0 U K L _ H P T Z [ V W L Y M V Y T [ ^ V V I Q L J [ P ] L Z ; O L Y Z [
V U L P Z [ V O L S W I L [ [ L Y \ U K L Y Z [ H U K H Z [ H [ L Z P U U V ] H [ P V U
Y H U R P U N H U K Y L S H [ P ] L W L Y M V Y T H U J L I ` P U J V Y W V Y H [ P U N R L `
P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L S H [ P U N [ V [ O L Z L ] L U W P S S H Y Z [ O H [ J H U I L \ Z L K
[ V \ U K L Y Z [ H U K [ O L W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M H Z [ H [ L ^ P [ O Y L N H Y K Z [ V
P [ Z P U U V ] H [ P V U J H W H I P S P [ P L Z : L J V U K S ` P [ H P T Z [ V L T W V ^ L Y
Z [ H [ L Z [ V P T W Y V ] L [ O L P Y P U U V ] H [ P V U W V S P J P L Z ^ O P S L S L ] L Y H N P U N
[ O L P Y Z [ Y L U N [ O Z H U K V ] L Y J V T P U N [ O L P Y J O H S S L U N L Z
; O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ 9 L W V Y [ W Y L Z L U [ Z [ O L S H [ L Z [
M P U K P U N Z H U K O P N O S P N O [ Z [ O L Y L N P V U H S J H [ H S ` Z [ Z H U K J H ] L H [ Z
M V Y W Y V T V [ P U N P U U V ] H [ P V U Y L H K P U L Z Z ; O L 9 L W V Y [ V M M L Y Z H
J V T W Y L O L U Z P ] L Z U H W Z O V [ V M [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U L J V Z ` Z [ L T V M
Z [ H [ L Z H U K Z L ] L U \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z ( S Z V P U J S \ K L K P U [ O L
9 L W V Y [ P Z H Z L J [ P V U V U Z [ H [ L W Y V M P S L Z J V ] L Y P U N P U K P J H [ V Y Z
S V V R P U N H [ [ O L K P M M L Y L U [ M H J L [ Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U P U 0 U K P H
0 [ P Z L _ W L J [ L K [ O H [ [ O L 9 L W V Y [ ^ P S S J V T L [ V I L Y L J V N U P a L K
H Z H I L U J O T H Y R P U N P U Z [ Y \ T L U [ H U K H U P U ] H S \ H I S L [ V V S M V Y
M H J P S P [ H [ P U N W \ I S P J W Y P ] H [ L K P H S V N \ L ^ O L Y L I ` W V S P J ` T H R L Y Z
I \ Z P U L Z Z S L H K L Y Z H U K V [ O L Y Z [ H R L O V S K L Y Z J H U L ] H S \ H [ L
W Y V N Y L Z Z V U H J V U [ P U \ H S I H Z P Z
PREFACE
The India Innovation Index (III) 201 comes at a time when
P U U V ] H [ P V U O H Z I L J V T L H Z \ I Q L J [ V M Z P N U P J H U [ J V U J L Y U M V Y
W V S P J ` T H R L Y Z P U [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` > P [ O 0 U K P H H T V U N [ O L M H Z [ L Z [
N Y V ^ P U N L J V U V T P L Z P U [ O L ^ V Y S K [ O L U L _ [ I P N J O H S S L U N L
P Z [ V Z \ Z [ H P U [ O H [ S L ] L S V M N Y V ^ [ O M V Y H S V U N L Y W L Y P V K
V M [ P T L , U Z \ Y P U N M \ [ \ Y L L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O ^ P S S Y L X \ P Y L
Z V S \ [ P V U Z [ O H [ H Y L T V Y L J Y L H [ P ] L [ O H U H U ` ^ L O H ] L Z L L U
Z V M H Y 0 U [ O H [ [ O L Y V S L [ O H [ P U U V ] H [ P V U W S H ` Z P U H J J L S L Y H [ P U N
L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O H U K L U O H U J P U N J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z P Z
L ] P K L U [ ( U \ U K L Y Z [ H U K P U N V M [ O L P T W V Y [ H U J L V M P U U V ] H [ P V U
Y L H K P U L Z Z P Z ^ O H [ I Y V \ N O [ W Y V Z W L Y P [ ` H U K I L [ [ L Y S P ] P U N
Z [ H U K H Y K Z P U [ O L > L Z [
; O L J O H S S L U N L Z M H J L K I ` 0 U K P H K \ L [ V P [ Z W S \ Y H S P Z [ P J Z V J P L [ `
H U K H Y H W P K S ` N Y V ^ P U N W V W \ S H [ P V U H Y L ] H Z [ S ` K P H L Y L U [ M Y V T
[ O L > L Z [ > P [ O H W V W \ S H [ P V U V M V ] L Y I P S S P V U N Y V ^ P U N
H [
1
H ` L H Y 0 U K P H M H J L Z Z J H Y J P [ ` V U H S H Y N L Z J H S L
H J Y V Z Z [ O L I V H Y K ! M Y V T ^ H [ L Y H U K M V V K [ V V P S H U K N H Z [ V
J O H S S L U N L Z P U W Y P T H Y ` L K \ J H [ P V U H U K I H Z P J O L H S [ O J H Y L
; V V ] L Y J V T L [ O L Z L J O H S S L U N L Z 0 U K P H T \ Z [ [ Y H U Z M V Y T P [ Z L S M
M Y V T H M H J [ V Y K Y P ] L U [ V H U P U U V ] H [ P V U K Y P ] L U L J V U V T ` I `
L I J P L U [ S ` \ Z P U N P [ Z L _ P Z [ P U N Y L Z V \ Y J L Z [ V I L J V T L H N S V I H S
P U U V ] H [ P V U O \ I ; V I L Z \ J J L Z Z M \ S P U [ O P Z L U K L H ] V Y [ O L
J V \ U [ Y ` T \ Z [ I Y P U N H I V \ [ [ O L Y P N O [ P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U H S P U K \ Z [ Y P H S
H U K W V S P J ` Y L M V Y T Z
9 L J V N U P a P U N [ O L Y V S L V M P U U V ] H [ P V U H Z H R L ` K Y P ] L Y V M
N Y V ^ [ O H U K W Y V Z W L Y P [ ` M V Y 0 U K P H 5 0 ; 0 ( H ` V N ^ P [ O 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ L
M V Y * V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z H Z [ O L R U V ^ S L K N L W H Y [ U L Y O H ] L
L _ [ Y H J [ L K K H [ H M Y V T N V ] L Y U T L U [ K H [ H I H Z L Z H U K J H Y Y P L K
V \ [ [ O L H U H S ` Z P Z Q V P U [ S ` ; O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ H U K [ O L
9 L W V Y [ H Y L H U V \ [ J V T L V M L _ [ L U Z P ] L Y L Z L H Y J O H U K H U H S ` Z P Z
; O L 9 L W V Y [ L ] H S \ H [ L Z [ O L W Y V N Y L Z Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U Y L H K P U L Z Z
P U Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z O P N O S P N O [ P U N [ O L V I Z [ H J S L Z
[ O H [ K L [ L Y N V ] L Y U T L U [ Z I \ Z P U L Z Z L Z H U K P U K P ] P K \ H S Z M Y V T
M \ S S ` J H W [ \ Y P U N [ O L I L U L [ Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U * V U M L K L Y H [ P V U V M
0 U K P H U 0 U K \ Z [ Y ` * 0 0 O H Z H S Z V W H Y [ U L Y L K I ` K L W S V ` P U N [ O L P Y
V I J P H S Z H Z Z [ H [ L U V K H S V I J L Y Z [ V P U [ L Y H J [ ^ P [ O [ O L Z [ H [ L
V I J P H S Z [ V [ H R L [ O P Z P U P [ P H [ P ] L M V Y ^ H Y K H U K W Y V ] P K L Y L X \ P Z P [ L
Z \ W W V Y [
1 World Bank database. Link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?locations=IN

15
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The India Innovation Index examines the innovation
L J V Z ` Z [ L T V M 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z ; O L
V I Q L J [ P ] L V M [ O L 0 U K L _ P Z [ V O L S W W V S P J ` T H R L Y Z K L Z P N U
W V S P J P L Z H P T L K H [ K Y P ] P U N P U U V ] H [ P V U H J Y V Z Z Y L N P V U Z - V Y
H J V \ U [ Y ` H Z S H Y N L H Z 0 U K P H [ O L Z [ H [ L V M P U U V ] H [ P V U U L L K Z
[ V I L \ U K L Y Z [ V V K H [ [ O L Y L N P V U H S S L ] L S M V Y L H L J [ P ] L W V S P J `
M V Y T \ S H [ P V U ( W V S P J ` Q \ Z [ H [ [ O L U H [ P V U H S S L ] L S P Z U V [
L U V \ N O , H J O Z [ H [ L U L L K Z [ V M V Y T \ S H [ L P [ Z V ^ U W V S P J `
I H Z L K V U P [ Z \ U P X \ L Y L Z V \ Y J L Z H U K Z [ Y L U N [ O Z H U K ^ O P J O
J H [ L Y Z [ V P [ Z Z W L J P J U L L K Z
The study and the methodology employed in the Index
have been developed keeping in mind the state of the
0 U K P H U L J V U V T ` ; O L [ Y H K P [ P V U H S H W W Y V H J O L Z M V Y T L H Z \ Y P U N
P U U V ] H [ P V U O H ] L I L L U [ V J V U Z P K L Y W H Y H T L [ L Y Z Z \ J O H Z
W H [ L U [ Z W L Y T P S S P V U V M W V W \ S H [ P V U W \ I S P J H [ P V U P U Z J P L U [ P J
Q V \ Y U H S Z W L Y J L U [ H N L V M . + 7 Z W L U K P U N V U Y L Z L H Y J O H U K
K L ] L S V W T L U [ H U K Z V V U ; O P Z Y L W V Y [ N V L Z I L ` V U K [ O L Z L
P U U V ] H [ P V U T L [ Y P J Z H U K H K K Z V [ O L Y W H Y H T L [ L Y Z [ O H [ H Y L
Z W L J P J [ V [ O L 0 U K P H U L J V U V T ` [ V N P ] L P [ H T V Y L O V S P Z [ P J
J V ] L Y H N L
; O L 9 L W V Y [ J V U Z P Z [ Z V M M V \ Y [ O L T H [ P J Z L J [ P V U Z ; O L Y Z [
Z L J [ P V U * O H W [ L Y Z [ H S R Z H I V \ [ P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K
[ O L P U J Y L H Z P U N S ` P T W V Y [ H U [ Y V S L P [ W S H ` Z P U H J J L S L Y H [ P U N
L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O H U K L U O H U J P U N J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z
; O P Z P Z M V S S V ^ L K I ` \ U K L Y Z [ H U K P U N [ O L U L L K [ V S V V R H [
[ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U L U ] P Y V U T L U [ H [ [ O L Z [ H [ L S L ] L S P U 0 U K P H
( W H Y [ M Y V T [ O P Z H K P Z J \ Z Z P V U V M ] H Y P V \ Z H W W Y V H J O L Z
\ Z L K N S V I H S S ` [ V T L H Z \ Y L P U U V ] H [ P V U H [ [ O L U H [ P V U H S H U K
Z \ I U H [ P V U H S S L ] L S O H Z I L L U W Y L Z L U [ L K " H U K H J V T W H Y P Z V U
K Y H ^ U I L [ ^ L L U 0 U K P H H U K H M L ^ Z L S L J [ L J V U V T P L Z V U
] H Y P V \ Z P U U V ] H [ P V U W H Y H T L [ L Y Z [ V N P ] L H U P K L H V M O V ^ [ O L
J V \ U [ Y ` M H Y L Z N S V I H S S `
; O L U L _ [ Z L J [ P V U * O H W [ L Y Z H U K S H ` Z V \ [ [ O L
J V U J L W [ \ H S M Y H T L ^ V Y R H U K [ O L T L [ O V K V S V N ` L T W S V ` L K [ V
I \ P S K [ O L 0 U K L _ M V S S V ^ L K I ` [ O L R L ` U K P U N Z H [ I V [ O [ O L
J V \ U [ Y ` H U K [ O L Z [ H [ L S L ] L S 2 H Y U H [ H R H L T L Y N L K [ O L [ V W W L Y
H T V U N 4 H Q V Y : [ H [ L Z ^ P [ O ; H T P S 5 H K \ H U K 4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H
P U [ O L Z L J V U K H U K [ O P Y K W V Z P [ P V U Z M V S S V ^ L K I ` ; L S H U N H U H
/ H Y ` H U H 2 L Y H S H < [ [ H Y 7 Y H K L Z O > L Z [ ) L U N H S . \ Q H Y H [ H U K
( U K O Y H 7 Y H K L Z O P U [ O H [ V Y K L Y ( T V U N [ O L 5 V Y [ O , H Z [ L Y U
Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z : P R R P T H U K + L S O P V J J \ W `
[ O L [ V W Z W V [ Z Y L Z W L J [ P ] L S ` ; O L Z L J [ P V U H S Z V J H W [ \ Y L Z
[ Y L U K Z H U K T H R L Z K L L W K P ] L H U H S ` Z L Z V M [ O L ] H Y P V \ Z
M H J [ V Y Z [ O H [ O H ] L K Y P ] L U P U U V ] H [ P V U H [ [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` Z [ H [ L
H U K W P S S H Y S L ] L S Z 0 [ P Z O V W L K [ O H [ [ O L Z L H U H S ` Z L Z ^ P S S O L S W
W V S P J ` T H R L Y Z H U K J V Y W V Y H [ L Z P K L U [ P M ` Z V T L V M [ O L P Z Z \ L Z
H [ H Z \ I U H [ P V U H S S L ] L S P U 0 U K P H
; O L [ O P Y K Z L J [ P V U * O H W [ L Y Z W Y V ] P K L Z S L H Y U P U N Z H U K
Y L J V T T L U K H [ P V U Z H [ [ O L U H [ P V U H S H U K Z [ H [ L S L ] L S M V Y 0 U K P H
[ V W V U K L Y V ] L Y : L ] L Y H S R L ` S L H Y U P U N Z L T L Y N L K K \ Y P U N [ O L
J V \ Y Z L V M [ O L Y L W V Y [ H U K P [ P Z O V W L K [ O H [ Z O H Y P U N V M [ O L Z L
^ P S S I L U L [ [ O L W V S P J ` T H R L Y Z H Z ^ L S S H Z W L V W S L ^ O V H Y L
L U [ O \ Z P H Z [ P J H I V \ [ P U U V ] H [ P V U P U [ O L 0 U K P H U J V U [ L _ [
( S Z V P U J S \ K L K P U [ O P Z Z L J [ P V U H Y L K L [ H P S L K W Y V S L Z M V Y
L H J O V M [ O L Z [ H [ L Z H U K Z L ] L U \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z V H L Y P U N
H J V T W Y L O L U Z P ] L Z U H W Z O V [ V M L H J O Y L N P V U Z J \ Y Y L U [
P U U V ] H [ P V U S H U K Z J H W L
- P U H S S ` [ O L M V \ Y [ O Z L J [ P V U ( W W L U K P _ V M [ O L Y L W V Y [
M L H [ \ Y L Z K L [ H P S L K K H [ H [ H I S L Z M V Y L H J O V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z
J V T W Y P Z P U N [ O L P U K L _ H S V U N ^ P [ O Z V \ Y J L Z H U K Y L M L Y L U J L Z

16

17
( Z T V Y L H U K T V Y L U H [ P V U Z H Y V \ U K [ O L ^ V Y S K I L N P U [ V
Y L L J [ \ W V U [ O L P K L H V M N S V I H S P Z H [ P V U [ O L I L U L [ Z [ O H [
N S V I H S L J V U V T P L Z O H ] L S V U N K L Y P ] L K M Y V T P [ H Y L ^ V Y [ O
O P N O S P N O [ P U N 6 U L \ U T P Z [ H R H I S L I L U L [ V M N S V I H S P a H [ P V U
O H Z I L L U [ O L Z L H T S L Z Z [ Y H U Z M L Y V M [ L J O U V S V N ` I L [ ^ L L U
U H [ P V U Z H U K [ O L K P H \ Z P V U V M R U V ^ S L K N L H Y V \ U K [ O L ^ V Y S K
^ O P J O O H Z S L K [ V Y P Z L P U W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` ; O L 0 U [ L Y U H [ P V U H S
4 V U L [ H Y ` - \ U K Z > V Y S K , J V U V T P J 6 \ [ S V V R H S Z V
W V P U [ L K V \ [ [ O H [ N S V I H S P a H [ P V U O H Z N P ] L U H Z P N U P J H U [
I V V Z [ [ V [ O L K P H \ Z P V U V M R U V ^ S L K N L H J Y V Z Z [ O L ^ V Y S K
[ O Y V \ N O M Y L L [ Y H K L O P N O L Y M V Y L P N U K P Y L J [ P U ] L Z [ T L U [ H U K
[ O L P U [ L Y U H [ P V U H S \ Z L V M W H [ L U [ Z H U K J V W ` Y P N O [ Z ; O L Z L I `
W Y V K \ J [ Z V M H N S V I H S P a L K ^ V Y S K O H ] L W Y V ] P K L K J V U K P [ P V U Z
[ O H [ H Y L M H ] V \ Y H I S L [ V P U U V ] H [ P V U
, ] L U [ O V \ N O P U U V ] H [ P V U P Z U V [ H U L ^ W O L U V T L U V U
N S V I H S P a H [ P V U O H Z O H Z [ L U L K P [ Z W Y V N Y L Z Z P U L ] L Y ` L S K
[ O Y V \ N O N Y L H [ L Y R U V ^ S L K N L K P H \ Z P V U H J Y V Z Z I V Y K L Y Z
0 U U V ] H [ P V U O H Z H S Z V I L J V T L [ O L R L ` [ V N H P U P U N H N Y L H [ L Y
T H Y R L [ Z O H Y L H Y V \ U K [ O L ^ V Y S K 0 U M H J [ P [ P Z H S T V Z [ U L _ [ [ V
P T W V Z Z P I S L M V Y I \ Z P U L Z Z L Z [ V I L J V T L J V T W L [ P [ P ] L ^ P [ O V \ [
P U ] V S ] P U N Z V T L H T V \ U [ V M P U U V ] H [ P ] L V \ [ V M [ O L I V _
[ O P U R P U N P U P [ Z W Y V K \ J [ V H L Y P U N H U K V W L Y H [ P V U Z ; O \ Z T V Y L
H U K T V Y L J V \ U [ Y P L Z H Y L U V ^ Z O P M [ P U N [ O L P Y W V S P J ` M V J \ Z V U
I \ P S K P U N [ O L P Y P U U V ] H [ P V U J H W H J P [ P L Z H U K 0 U K P H P Z U V [ M H Y
I L O P U K
6 ] L Y [ O L S H Z [ M L ^ ` L H Y Z 0 U K P H ^ P [ O P [ Z H N Z O P W P U P [ P H [ P ] L Z
S P R L [ O L ( [ H S 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 4 P Z Z P V U P Z T H R P U N H J V U J L Y [ L K
U H [ P V U ^ P K L L H V Y [ [ V M V Z [ L Y H J V U K \ J P ] L L U ] P Y V U T L U [
M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U H [ L ] L Y ` S L ] L S V M Z V J P L [ ` M Y V T Z J O V V S Z [ P S S
P U K \ Z [ Y ` : \ J O H W \ Z O P Z U L J L Z Z H Y ` P U H Z V J P L [ ` [ O H [ P Z
W H Z Z P U N [ O Y V \ N O H W O H Z L V M K L T V N Y H W O P J [ Y H U Z P [ P V U ^ O L Y L
V ] L Y W L Y J L U [ V M P [ Z W V W \ S H [ P V U P Z I L S V ^ [ O L H N L V M
0 U K P H Z K L T V N Y H W O P J K P ] P K L U K ^ O P J O V J J \ Y Z ^ O L U [ O L
Y H [ P V V M ^ V Y R P U N H N L W V W \ S H [ P V U P Z O P N O H U K [ O L K L W L U K L U [
W V W \ S H [ P V U P U [ L Y T Z V M [ O L L S K L Y S ` H U K J O P S K Y L U P Z S V ^ P Z
L _ W L J [ L K [ V S H Z [ [ P S S + \ Y P U N [ O P Z W L Y P V K 0 U K P H J H U
Y L H W P T T L U Z L I L U L [ Z P M P [ T H P U [ H P U Z M V J \ Z V U K L ] L S V W P U N
O \ T H U J H W P [ H S H U K L U J V \ Y H N P U N P U U V ] H [ P V U
0 [ P Z H S Z V P U [ L Y L Z [ P U N [ V U V [ L [ O H [ Z P U J L 0 U K P H P Z Z \ J O H S H Y N L
J V \ U [ Y ` ^ O L Y L K P H L Y L U [ Z [ H [ L Z H Y L H [ ] H Y P V \ Z Z [ H N L Z V M
K L ] L S V W T L U [ [ O L K L T V N Y H W O P J K P ] P K L U K P Z U V [ H ] H P S H I S L P U
H S S Z [ H [ L Z H [ [ O L Z H T L [ P T L : V \ [ O L Y U Z [ H [ L Z M V Y P U Z [ H U J L
H Y L L _ W L Y P L U J P U N H K L J S P U L P U [ O L P Y M L Y [ P S P [ ` L H Y S P L Y [ O H U [ O L
Y L Z [ V M [ O L Z [ H [ L Z H J Y V Z Z 0 U K P H ; O L K L T V N Y H W O P J K P ] P K L U K
P U Z [ H [ L Z S P R L 2 L Y H S H H U K ; H T P S 5 H K \ P Z L _ W L J [ L K [ V J S V Z L
P U [ O L U L _ [ ] L ` L H Y Z ; O \ Z [ O L J H W H J P [ ` [ V P U U V ] H [ L ] H Y P L Z
Z W H [ P H S S ` H J Y V Z Z 0 U K P H H U K Z V K V L Z [ O L H Y L H V M M V J \ Z
; O P Z Y L W V Y [ [ O L Y L M V Y L H [ [ L T W [ Z [ V K L J P W O L Y [ O L P U U V ] H [ P ] L
J H W H J P [ P L Z M V Y 0 U K P H H [ [ O L Z [ H [ L S L ] L S ; O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U
0 U K L _ O H Z I L L U M V Y T \ S H [ L K ^ P [ O [ O L P U [ L U [ V M I L [ [ L Y
\ U K L Y Z [ H U K P U N [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U S H U K Z J H W L H J Y V Z Z 0 U K P H H U K
K Y H ^ P U N Y L N P V U H S P U Z P N O [ Z [ V K Y P ] L K H [ H I H Z L K K L J P Z P V U
T H R P U N
INTRODUCTION | 1

18
; O L J V U J L W [ V M P U U V ] H [ P V U P Z H Z V S K H Z T H U R P U K P [ Z L S M
- Y V T [ O L K L ] L S V W T L U [ V M [ O L ^ O L L S [ V [ O L J Y L H [ P V U V M
[ O L P U [ L Y U L [ P U U V ] H [ P V U O H Z I L L U [ O L M H J [ V Y [ O H [ O H Z Z L [
O \ T H U Z H W H Y [ M Y V T V [ O L Y H U P T H S Z 0 U U V ] H [ P V U P Z ^ O H [
K Y P ] L Z [ O L O \ T H U Z W P Y P [ [ V U K U L ^ H U K L I J P L U [ ^ H ` Z
V M K V P U N [ O P U N Z > P [ O V \ [ P [ [ O L ^ V Y S K [ O H [ ^ L S P ] L P U
[ V K H ` ^ V \ S K I L ] H Z [ S ` K P H L Y L U [ 0 [ P Z H S T V Z [ P T W V Z Z P I S L
[ V P T H N P U L H T V K L Y U ^ V Y S K ^ P [ O V \ [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z S P R L
H P Y W S H U L Z H \ [ V T V I P S L Z H U K [ L S L J V T T \ U P J H [ P V U Z
1 V Z L W O : J O \ T W L [ L Y ^ H Z V U L V M [ O L Y Z [ H J H K L T P J P H U Z
[ V Z [ \ K ` [ O L P K L H V M P U U V ] H [ P V U / L K L ] L S V W L K H [ O L V Y `
V M L J V U V T P J H U K Z V J P H S J O H U N L ^ O P J O M V J \ Z L K V U [ O L
P T W V Y [ H U J L V M P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K [ O L M H J [ V Y Z P U \ L U J P U N P [
/ L Z \ N N L Z [ L K H U P T W V Y [ H U [ K P Z [ P U J [ P V U I L [ ^ L L U P U ] L U [ P V U
H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U ( J J V Y K P U N [ V O P T P U ] L U [ P V U P Z [ O L Y Z [
V J J \ Y Y L U J L V M [ O L P K L H M V Y H U L ^ W Y V K \ J [ V Y W Y V J L Z Z I \ [
P U U V ] H [ P V U V J J \ Y Z ^ O L U [ O L P K L H P Z W \ [ P U [ V W Y H J [ P J L
( [ P T L S H N T P N O [ L _ P Z [ I L [ ^ L L U P U ] L U [ P V U H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U
T H P U S ` I L J H \ Z L [ O L J V U K P [ P V U Z T P N O [ U V [ I L J V U K \ J P ] L M V Y
J V T T L Y J P H S P a H [ P V U ; O L Y L T P N O [ U V [ I L H K L X \ H [ L K L T H U K
M V Y P [ V Y ] P [ H S P U W \ [ Z Y L X \ P Y L K M V Y P [ Z J Y L H [ P V U T P N O [ U V [
I L H ] H P S H I S L P U T H Y R L [ Z ` L [ - V Y P U Z [ H U J L L ] L U [ O V \ N O
3 L V U H Y K V K H = P U J P O H K P K L H Z [ V I \ P S K H ` P U N T H J O P U L O L
O H K U V T L H U Z V M P T W S L T L U [ P U N P [ Z P U J L [ O L Y L ^ H Z H U \ [ [ L Y
S H J R V M H K L X \ H [ L W Y V K \ J [ P V U T H [ L Y P H S Z V Y Z R P S S Z [ O H [ J V \ S K
O H ] L O L S W L K J Y L H [ L H ^ V Y R H I S L T V K L S
; O L Y L M V Y L P [ P Z P T W V Y [ H U [ [ V \ U K L Y Z [ H U K [ O H [ H Z P U N S L
P U U V ] H [ P V U P Z H J \ S T P U H [ P V U V M S L U N [ O ` W Y V J L Z Z L Z V M
W Y L ] P V \ Z P U U V ] H [ P V U Z * V T W S L T L U [ H Y ` P U ] L U [ P V U Z H U K
P U U V ] H [ P V U Z H Y L H S ^ H ` Z J Y \ J P H S M V Y Z \ I Z L X \ L U [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z
2 S P U L H U K 9 V Z L U I L Y N W V P U [ L K V \ [ P U H U P U \ L U [ P H S
W H W L Y 0 [ P Z H Z L Y P V \ Z T P Z [ H R L [ V [ Y L H [ H U P U U V ] H [ P V U H Z P M
P [ ^ L Y L H ^ L S S K L U L K O V T V N L U V \ Z [ O P U N [ O H [ J V \ S K I L
P K L U [ P L K H Z L U [ L Y P U N [ O L L J V U V T ` H [ H W Y L J P Z L K H [ L V Y
I L J V T P U N H ] H P S H I S L H [ H W Y L J P Z L W V P U [ P U [ P T L ; O L M H J [
P Z [ O H [ T V Z [ P T W V Y [ H U [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z N V [ O Y V \ N O K Y H Z [ P J
J O H U N L Z P U [ O L P Y S P M L [ P T L Z J O H U N L Z [ O H [ T H ` H U K V M [ L U
K V [ V [ H S S ` [ Y H U Z M V Y T [ O L P Y L J V U V T P J Z P N U P J H U J L ; O L
Z \ I Z L X \ L U [ P T W Y V ] L T L U [ Z P U H U P U ] L U [ P V U H M [ L Y P [ Z Y Z [
P U [ Y V K \ J [ P V U T H ` I L ] H Z [ S ` T V Y L P T W V Y [ H U [ L J V U V T P J H S S `
[ O H U [ O L P U P [ P H S H ] H P S H I P S P [ ` V M [ O L P U ] L U [ P V U P U P [ Z V Y P N P U H S
M V Y T
2
; O L Y L ^ L Y L M \ Y [ O L Y K L ] L S V W T L U [ Z P U Z J O V S H Y S ` Y L Z L H Y J O
[ O H [ S V V R L K \ W V U [ O L J V U J L W [ V M P U U V ] H [ P V U P U U L ^ ^ H ` Z
4 P J O H L S 7 V Y [ L Y Z \ N N L Z [ L K [ O H [ P [ P Z H U H [ [ L T W [ [ V
J Y L H [ L J V T W L [ P [ P ] L H K ] H U [ H N L I ` W L Y J L P ] P U N V Y K P Z J V ] L Y P U N
U L ^ H U K I L [ [ L Y ^ H ` Z V M J V T W L [ P U N P U H U P U K \ Z [ Y ` H U K
I Y P U N P U N [ O L T [ V T H Y R L [

- P Y T Z P U U V ] H [ L [ V P U J Y L H Z L [ O L P Y
W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` ) ` P U U V ] H [ P U N Y T Z J H U L U [ L Y U L ^ T H Y R L [ Z
H U K H S Z V P U J Y L H Z L [ O L P Y W L U L [ Y H [ P V U P U L _ P Z [ P U N T H Y R L [ Z
7 V Y [ L Y Z P K L H V M P U U V ] H [ P V U K Y H ^ Z H S V [ M Y V T : J O \ T W L [ L Y Z
W V W \ S H Y J V U J L W [ P V U V M J Y L H [ P ] L K L Z [ Y \ J [ P V U ; O L [ L Y T
^ H Z \ Z L K I ` : J O \ T W L [ L Y [ V K L Z J Y P I L [ O L P K L H [ O H [
P U U V ] H [ P V U J H U Z [ Y L U N [ O L U V Y [ O Y L H [ L U L _ P Z [ P U N I \ Z P U L Z Z L Z
H U K L ] L U T H Y R L [ Z V M L _ P Z [ P U N W Y V K \ J [ Z I ` P U [ Y V K \ J P U N U L ^
H U K L I J P L U [ ^ H ` Z V M K L S P ] L Y P U N N V V K Z H U K Z L Y ] P J L Z
4 L H U ^ O P S L P U U V ] H [ P V U Z L Y ] L Z H K P H L Y L U [ V I Q L J [ P ] L M V Y
[ O L N V ] L Y U T L U [ H Z [ O L P Y V I Q L J [ P ] L P Z K P H L Y L U [ M Y V T [ O H [
V M H Y T > O P S L H Y T P U U V ] H [ L Z M V Y T H Y R L [ K V T P U H U J L
[ O L N V ] L Y U T L U [ P Z J V U J L Y U L K ^ P [ O [ O L N Y V ^ [ O H U K
K L ] L S V W T L U [ V M P [ Z L J V U V T ` ; O P Z W Y V J L Z Z P Z T V Y L
L ] V S \ [ P V U H Y ` P U U H [ \ Y L ; O L K L ] L S V W T L U [ V M J V \ U [ Y P L Z J H U
I L J H [ L N V Y P a L K P U [ V [ O Y L L Z [ H N L Z M Y V T M H J [ V Y K Y P ] L U
^ O L Y L N Y V ^ [ O P Z K L W L U K L U [ V U L _ W S V P [ H [ P V U V M U H [ \ Y H S
Y L Z V \ Y J L Z [ V P U ] L Z [ T L U [ K Y P ] L U ^ O L Y L W Y V K \ J [ P V U P Z
T V Y L L I J P L U [ H U K J H W P [ H S P U [ L U Z P ] L H U K U H S S ` [ V H T V Y L
P U U V ] H [ P V U K Y P ] L U H W W Y V H J O [ O H [ M V J \ Z L Z V U L U O H U J P U N [ O L
W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` V M [ O L M H J [ V Y Z V M W Y V K \ J [ P V U
; O L Y L P Z O V ^ L ] L Y U V Z P U N S L Z [ H N L V M K L ] L S V W T L U [
[ O H [ J H U L U J V T W H Z Z [ O L Z [ H [ L V M H S S 0 U K P H U Z L J [ V Y Z
> O L U J V U Z P K L Y P U N 0 U K P H Z H J O P L ] L T L U [ Z P U [ O L L S K V M
W O H Y T H J L \ [ P J H S Z I P V [ L J O U V S V N ` V Y Z W H J L P [ P Z K P I J \ S [
[ V H Y N \ L [ O H [ 0 U K P H P Z U V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U K Y P ] L U : L Y ] P J L P Z
^ O H [ K Y P ] L Z [ O L N Y V ^ [ O V M [ O L 0 U K P H U L J V U V T ` M V Y ^ H Y K
/ V ^ L ] L Y Z P U J L H T H Q V Y P [ ` V M P [ Z W V W \ S H [ P V U P Z Z [ P S S O L H ] P S `
K L W L U K L U [ V U H N Y P J \ S [ \ Y L P [ P Z L H L J [ P ] L S ` H M H J [ V Y K Y P ] L U
L J V U V T `
; O L Y L M V Y L P U U V ] H [ P V U U L L K Z [ V I L [ O L M V J \ Z P M [ O L 0 U K P H U
L J V U V T ` P Z [ V T H R L H Z \ J J L Z Z M \ S [ Y H U Z P [ P V U M Y V T I L P U N
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2 |
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3. Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York, MacMillan Press, p. 45.
WHAT IS INNOVATION?

19
, J V U V T P J [ O L V Y P L Z V M N Y V ^ [ O O H ] L S V U N O L S K [ O H [
P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O H Y L P U [ Y P J H [ L S ` Y L S H [ L K
H U K V U L K Y P ] L Z [ O L V [ O L Y ; O L [ Y H K P [ P V U H S \ U K L Y Z [ H U K P U N
^ H Z [ O H [ V \ [ W \ [ 8 P Z V U S ` H M \ U J [ P V U V M J H W P [ H S 2 H U K
S H I V \ Y 3 [ O H [ P Z
Q = f(K, L)
/ V ^ L ] L Y P U 9 V I L Y [ : V S V ^ W V P U [ L K V \ [ [ O H [
P U J Y L H Z L Z P U S H I V \ Y H U K J H W P [ H S ^ L Y L U V [ H I S L [ V
J V T W S L [ L S ` H J J V \ U [ M V Y L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O ; O \ Z H U V [ O L Y
H U K [ O L T V Z [ J Y \ J P H S M H J [ V Y V M [ L J O U P J H S J O H U N L ^ H Z
H K K L K ^ O P J O L _ W S H P U L K H U K L U O H U J L K [ O L W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` V M
S H I V \ Y H U K J H W P [ H S
Q = A f(K, L)
5 L V J S H Z Z P J H S T V K L S Z V M L J V U V T P Z [ Z S P R L : V S V ^ H Z Z \ T L K
W L Y M L J [ J V T W L [ P [ P V U J V U Z [ H U [ Y L [ \ Y U Z [ V Z J H S L H U K
J V T W S L [ L H I Z L U J L V M L _ [ L Y U H S P [ P L Z ; L J O U V S V N ` ^ H Z
H Z Z \ T L K [ V I L L _ V N L U V \ Z 7 H \ S 9 V T L Y P U
J O H S S L U N L K [ O P Z H Z Z \ T W [ P V U H U K H Y N \ L K [ O H [ [ L J O U V S V N `
P Z H Y L Z \ S [ V M L _ W S P J P [ L H V Y [ Z [ O Y V \ N O Y L Z L H Y J O H U K
K L ] L S V W T L U [ 9 + H U K O \ T H U J H W P [ H S / *
A = f(R&D, HC)
; O L Y L M V Y L P U ] L Z [ T L U [ P U Y L Z L H Y J O H U K K L ] L S V W T L U [ H U K
O \ T H U J H W P [ H S P Z H U L Z Z L U [ P H S J Y \ J P H S H U K P U K P Z W L U Z H I S L
P U N Y L K P L U [ M V Y L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O ; O P Z Z O V ^ Z ^ O `
P U U V ] H [ P V U P Z L Z Z L U [ P H S M V Y N Y V ^ [ O H U K W Y V Z W L Y P [ ` V M H
U H [ P V U 0 U M H J [ [ O L Y L H S Z V L _ P Z [ Z P Y Y L M \ [ H I S L L ] P K L U J L
[ V Z \ W W V Y [ [ O L H M V Y L T L U [ P V U L K [ O L V Y L [ P J H S Y L Z L H Y J O
0 U U V ] H [ P V U P Z M V \ U K [ V I L H J Y P [ P J H S K L [ L Y T P U H U [ V M H
U H [ P V U Z J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z ( J V \ U [ Y ` Z J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z P Z
K L U L K H Z [ O L W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` ^ P [ O ^ O P J O P [ \ Z L Z P [ Z Y L Z V \ Y J L Z
S P R L S H U K U H [ \ Y H S Y L Z V \ Y J L Z S H I V \ Y O \ T H U I L P U N Z H U K
J H W P [ H S > O L U Y T Z P U U V ] H [ L [ O L ` K L Y P ] L W Y V Z W L Y P [ `
I ` J Y L H [ P U N ] H S \ L H K K P U N W Y V K \ J [ Z [ O Y V \ N O Y L H S P a H [ P V U
V M [ O L Y L Z V \ Y J L Z ; O P Z H I P S P [ ` [ V P U U V ] H [ L P U J Y L H Z L Z [ O L
W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` H U K P U [ \ Y U L U O H U J L Z [ O L J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z
: V P U U V ] H [ P V U Z O V \ S K I L J V U Z P K L Y L K H Z [ O L I H Z P Z V M
J Y L H [ P U N W Y V Z W L Y P [ ` ; O L S P U R I L [ ^ L L U P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K
J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z J H U I L Y L H S P a L K I ` T H W W P U N [ O L Z J V Y L Z
V M J V \ U [ Y P L Z P U [ O L . S V I H S 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ H U K [ O L . S V I H S
* V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z 0 U K L _ - P N \ Y L Z O V ^ Z [ O H [ [ O L ` H Y L
O P N O S ` J V Y Y L S H [ L K ^ P [ O H U 9
2
V M
WHY INNOVATE?



! #












Figure 3.1 Link between Innovation and Competitiveness at the Global Level
: V \ Y J L ! . S V I H S * V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z 9 L W V Y [ H U K . S V I H S 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _
|3

20
0 U H ] H Z [ S ` P U [ L Y J V U U L J [ L K ^ V Y S K L ] L U V U L [ O H [ I L J V T L Z
K P Z L U J O H U [ L K ^ P [ O [ O L J V U J L W [ V M N S V I H S P a H [ P V U
P U U V ] H [ P V U ^ P S S Y L T H P U [ O L K Y P ] L Y V M L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O
H U K K L ] L S V W T L U [ : J O \ T W L [ L Y Z ^ H ] L V M J Y L H [ P ] L
K L Z [ Y \ J [ P V U R U V ^ Z U V I V \ U K H Y P L Z H U K I V Y K L Y Z H U K P [ ^ P S S
J V U [ P U \ L [ V Y V S S ^ P [ O P T W \ U P [ ` H J Y V Z Z [ O L W S H U L [ : P T W S `
K V P U N [ O L Z H T L [ O P U N Z H Z I L M V Y L ^ P S S I L H S V Z P U N Z [ Y H [ L N `
M V Y H U ` U H [ P V U V Y I \ Z P U L Z Z
: P U J L P U U V ] H [ P V U O V S K Z [ O L R L ` [ V N Y V ^ [ O H U K W Y V Z W L Y P [ `
V M Y L N P V U Z P [ P Z ] P [ H S [ V H Z Z L Z Z O V ^ [ O L ` T L H Z \ Y L \ W
^ P [ O Y L Z W L J [ [ V V [ O L Y Y L N P V U Z Z V H Z [ V P K L U [ P M ` H ] L U \ L Z
V M P T W Y V ] L T L U [ 0 U U V ] H [ P V U P Z H I V \ [ N V P U N I L ` V U K [ O L
N L U L Y H [ P V U V M U L ^ P K L H Z 0 [ P Z H I V \ [ [ Y H U Z M V Y T P U N [ O V Z L
P K L H Z P U [ V \ Z L M \ S W Y V K \ J [ Z H U K Z L Y ] P J L Z ; O P Z Y L X \ P Y L Z
H Z [ Y V U N P U [ L U [ H U K ^ P S S P U N U L Z Z [ V H K H W [ V U [ O L W H Y [ V M
P U K P ] P K \ H S Z V Y N H U P a H [ P V U Z H U K [ O L Z V J P L [ ` H Z H ^ O V S L
: V P [ P Z P U Z [ Y \ J [ P ] L [ V U K V \ [ ^ O V P Z K V P U N P [ I L Z [ > O H [
J V U K P [ P V U Z H Y L ^ V Y R P U N M V Y [ O L T & ( Y L [ O L ` Y L W S P J H I S L &
0 U [ O L J H Z L V M 0 U K P H Z W L J P J H S S ` [ O L U L L K [ V T L H Z \ Y L
P U U V ] H [ P ] L J H W H J P [ P L Z Y L X \ P Y L Z [ V I L \ U K L Y [ H R L U H [
H Y L N P V U H S S L ] L S ; V I L N P U ^ P [ O [ O P Z Y L W V Y [ T L H Z \ Y L Z
P U U V ] H [ P V U H [ [ O L Z [ H [ L S L ] L S ; O P Z P Z U L J L Z Z H Y ` M V Y [ ^ V
Z W L J P J Y L H Z V U Z - P Y Z [ Z V T L Z [ H [ L Z P U 0 U K P H H Y L Z V S H Y N L
[ O H [ [ O L ` H Y L J V T W H Y H I S L P U Z P a L [ V Z V T L T H Q V Y , \ Y V W L H U
J V \ U [ Y P L Z : V ^ O L U S V V R P U N H [ 0 U K P H Z P U U V ] H [ P V U J H W H J P [ `
P [ P Z J Y \ J P H S [ V H [ S L H Z [ K L S ] L H [ [ O L S L ] L S V M [ O L Z [ H [ L Z
: L J V U K H U K T V Y L P T W V Y [ H U [ S ` N P ] L U [ O L \ U P X \ L U L Z Z V M
L ] L Y ` Y L N P V U H U K P U \ L U J P U N M H J [ V Y Z S P R L Y L Z V \ Y J L Z H [
O H U K J H W P [ H S I \ Z P U L Z Z V W W V Y [ \ U P [ P L Z J V U Z \ T L Y K L T H U K
H U K N V ] L Y U T L U [ Z \ W W V Y [ " P U U V ] H [ P V U J H U [ H R L ] L Y `
K P H L Y L U [ M V Y T Z P U K P H L Y L U [ Z [ H [ L Z : V P [ P Z T V Y L P U Z P N O [ M \ S
H U K T L H U P U N M \ S [ V T L H Z \ Y L P U U V ] H [ P V U H [ [ O L S L ] L S V M
[ O L Z [ H [ L Z M V Y 0 U K P H W Y V N Y L Z Z L Z ^ O L U P [ Z Z [ H [ L Z H U K < ; Z
W Y V N Y L Z Z
< U K L Y Z [ H U K P U N [ O L Z [ H [ L V M P U U V ] H [ P V U H [ [ O L Y L N P V U H S S L ] L S
P Z H S Z V P T W V Y [ H U [ M V Y W V S P J ` T H R P U N - V Y H J V \ U [ Y ` [ O L Z P a L
V M 0 U K P H H W V S P J ` Q \ Z [ H [ U H [ P V U H S S L ] L S P Z U V [ L U V \ N O , H J O
Z [ H [ L U L L K Z [ V M V Y T \ S H [ L P [ Z V ^ U W V S P J ` ^ O P J O J H [ L Y Z [ V
P [ Z U L L K Z H U K Y L Z V \ Y J L Z ; O L Y L M V Y L M V Y \ U K L Y Z [ H U K P U N
[ O L V W W V Y [ \ U P [ P L Z H U K J O H S S L U N L Z P U L ] L Y ` Z [ H [ L H U K \ U P V U
[ L Y Y P [ V Y ` [ O L Y L P Z H U L L K M V Y H Y V I \ Z [ M Y H T L ^ V Y R ^ O P J O J H U
I L Y L N \ S H Y S ` \ W K H [ L K [ V P U J V Y W V Y H [ L [ O L W Y V N Y L Z Z T H K L I `
Y L N P V U Z
( S Z V T V Z [ W Y P V Y H W W Y V H J O L Z [ V T L H Z \ Y L [ O L S L ] L S V M
P U U V ] H [ P V U P U L J V U V T P L Z O H ] L [ L U K L K [ V M V J \ Z W Y P T H Y P S `
V U T L [ Y P J Z S P R L U \ T I L Y V M W H [ L U [ Z U \ T I L Y V M H Y [ P J S L Z
W Y P U [ L K P U Z J P L U [ P J Q V \ Y U H S Z H U K Z W L U K P U N V U 9 + H Z H
W L Y J L U [ H N L V M . + 7 ( S [ O V \ N O [ O L Z L H Y L Z V T L P T W V Y [ H U [
P U K P J H [ V Y Z [ O L ` K V U V [ J V T W S L [ L S ` [ Y H U Z S H [ L M V Y J H W [ \ Y P U N
P U U V ] H [ P V U P U H J V \ U [ Y ` S P R L 0 U K P H 7 H [ L U [ Z H Y L U V [ H I S L [ V
Y L L J [ H S V [ V M S V ^ J V Z [ V Y M Y \ N H S P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U 0 U K P H
; O L Y L M V Y L Z V T L S V J H [ P V U Z W L J P J P U K P J H [ V Y Z Z O V \ S K I L
P U J S \ K L K P U [ O L M Y H T L ^ V Y R ^ O P J O J H W [ \ Y L [ O L Y L N P V U P U P [ Z
[ Y \ L Z L U Z L
4 | NEED TO MEASURE
INNOVATION

21
GLOBAL APPROACHES FOR
MEASURING INNOVATION
21
. S V I H S S ` Z L ] L Y H S P U K P J L Z O H ] L I L L U K L ] L S V W L K [ V J H W [ \ Y L
P U U V ] H [ P V U H [ [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` Z [ H [ L H U K J P [ ` S L ] L S Z : V T L V M
[ O L Z L P U K P J L Z H Y L T L U [ P V U L K I L S V ^
A. The Bloomberg Innovation Index
) S V V T I L Y N Y H U R L K J V \ U [ Y P L Z H U K Z V ] L Y L P N U Z I H Z L K V U
[ O L P Y V ] L Y H S S H I P S P [ ` [ V P U U V ] H [ L H U K P K L U [ P L K [ O L [ V W
: P _ L X \ H S S ` ^ L P N O [ L K T L [ Y P J Z ^ L Y L J V U Z P K L Y L K H U K [ O L P Y
Z J V Y L Z J V T I P U L K [ V W Y V ] P K L H U V ] L Y H S S Z J V Y L M V Y L H J O
J V \ U [ Y ` M Y V T a L Y V [ V
1.Research & Development: 9 L Z L H Y J O H U K
K L ] L S V W T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L H Z H W L Y J L U [ H N L V M . + 7
2.Manufacturing: 4 H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N ] H S \ L H K K L K W L Y
capita
3.High-tech companies: 5 \ T I L Y V M K V T L Z [ P J H S S `
K V T P J P S L K O P N O [ L J O W \ I S P J J V T W H U P L Z Z \ J O H Z
H L Y V Z W H J L H U K K L M L U J L I P V [ L J O U V S V N ` O H Y K ^ H Y L
Z V M [ ^ H Y L Z L T P J V U K \ J [ V Y Z P U [ L Y U L [ Z V M [ ^ H Y L H U K
Z L Y ] P J L Z H U K Y L U L ^ H I S L L U L Y N ` J V T W H U P L Z H Z H
Z O H Y L V M ^ V Y S K Z [ V [ H S O P N O [ L J O W \ I S P J J V T W H U P L Z
4.Postsecondary education: 5 \ T I L Y V M Z L J V U K H Y `
N Y H K \ H [ L Z L U Y V S S L K P U W V Z [ Z L J V U K H Y ` P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z H Z H
W L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V O V Y [ " W L Y J L U [ H N L V M S H I V \ Y M V Y J L ^ P [ O
[ L Y [ P H Y ` K L N Y L L Z " H U U \ H S Z J P L U J L H U K L U N P U L L Y P U N
N Y H K \ H [ L Z H Z H W L Y J L U [ H N L V M [ O L S H I V \ Y M V Y J L H U K H Z
H W L Y J L U [ H N L V M [ V [ H S [ L Y [ P H Y ` N Y H K \ H [ L Z
5.Research personnel: 7 Y V M L Z Z P V U H S Z P U J S \ K P U N 7 O +
Z [ \ K L U [ Z L U N H N L K P U 9 + W L Y T P S S P V U W V W \ S H [ P V U
6.Patents: 9 L Z P K L U [ \ [ P S P [ ` W H [ L U [ S P U N Z W L Y
T P S S P V U W V W \ S H [ P V U H U K W L Y T P S S P V U V M 9 + Z W L U [ "
\ [ P S P [ ` W H [ L U [ Z N Y H U [ L K H Z H W L Y J L U [ H N L V M ^ V Y S K [ V [ H S
6 M [ O L T V Y L [ O H U J V \ U [ Y P L Z H U K Z V ] L Y L P N U Z L ] H S \ H [ L K
O H K K H [ H M V Y H S S Z P _ T L [ Y P J Z 7 V Z [ Z L J V U K H Y ` L K \ J H [ P V U
H U K W H [ L U [ H J [ P ] P [ ` J V U Z P Z [ L K V M T \ S [ P W S L M H J [ V Y Z [ O H [ ^ L Y L
^ L P N O [ L K L X \ H S S ` > L P N O [ Z ^ L Y L Y L Z J H S L K M V Y J V \ U [ Y P L Z ^ P [ O
Z V T L I \ [ U V [ H S S V M [ O L M H J [ V Y Z P U [ O V Z L [ ^ V T L [ Y P J Z ; O L
Y H U R P U N Z O V ^ Z V U S ` [ O V Z L J V \ U [ Y P L Z P U J S \ K L K P U [ O L [ V W
4 V Z [ Y L J L U [ K H [ H H ] H P S H I S L ^ L Y L \ Z L K
B.EIU’s Global Innovation Ranking
; O L , 0 < Z . S V I H S 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 9 H U R P U N ^ H Z K V U L P U
T V Z [ Y L J L U [ S ` ; V Y H U R J V \ U [ Y P L Z [ O L , J V U V T P Z [
0 U [ L S S P N L U J L < U P [ K P Z [ P U N \ P Z O L Z I L [ ^ L L U P U U V ] H [ P V U
V \ [ W \ [ W L Y M V Y T H U J L H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U P U W \ [ Z L U H I S L Y Z
Innovation output P Z T L H Z \ Y L K I ` [ O L Z \ T V M W H [ L U [ Z
N Y H U [ L K I ` [ O Y L L T H Q V Y N V ] L Y U T L U [ W H [ L U [ V I J L Z ! [ O L
, \ Y V W L H U 7 H [ L U [ 6 I J L , 7 6 [ O L 1 H W H U L Z L 7 H [ L U [
6 I J L 1 7 6 H U K [ O L < : 7 H [ L U [ H U K ; Y H K L T H Y R 6 I J L
< : 7 ; 6 ; O L K H [ H H Y L H ] L Y H N L K V ] L Y M V \ Y ` L H Y W L Y P V K Z
H U K U V Y T H S P Z L K H Z U \ T I L Y V M W H [ L U [ Z W L Y T P S S P V U [ V J Y L H [ L
H U P U K L _ V U H Z J H S L ; O L P U K L _ P Z I H Z L K V U K H [ H
M Y V T [ O L W L Y P V K " [ O L P U K L _ \ Z L Z K H [ H M Y V T
[ V
Innovation inputs P U J S \ K L I V [ O K P Y L J [ K Y P ] L Y Z H U K [ O L
I Y V H K L J V U V T P J Z V J P H S H U K W V S P [ P J H S J V U [ L _ [ V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U
L U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; O L ` H Y L I H Z L K V U [ O L Z J V Y L Z M Y V T [ O L
, J V U V T P Z [ 0 U [ L S S P N L U J L < U P [ Z ) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [
9 H U R P U N ) , 9 T V K L S H ] L Y H N L K V ] L Y ] L ` L H Y W L Y P V K Z !
M V Y [ O L V Y P N P U H S Y H U R P U N H U K M V Y [ O L
\ W K H [ L
C. Global Innovation Index
; O L . S V I H S 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ . 0 0 P Z W \ I S P Z O L K I ` * V Y U L S S
< U P ] L Y Z P [ ` 0 5 : , ( + H U K > V Y S K 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ `
6 Y N H U P Z H [ P V U > 0 7 6 ; O L J V Y L V M . 0 0 J V U Z P Z [ Z V M Y H U R P U N V M
^ V Y S K L J V U V T P L Z P U U V ] H [ P V U J H W H I P S P [ P L Z H U K Y L Z \ S [ Z ; O L
. 0 0 J V U Z P Z [ Z V M [ ^ V Z \ I P U K P J L Z [ O L 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U W \ [ : \ I
0 U K L _ H U K [ O L 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 6 \ [ W \ [ : \ I 0 U K L _
- P ] L P U W \ [ W P S S H Y Z J H W [ \ Y L L S L T L U [ Z V M [ O L U H [ P V U H S
L J V U V T ` [ O H [ L U H I S L P U U V ] H [ P ] L H J [ P ] P [ P L Z ! 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z
/ \ T H U J H W P [ H S H U K Y L Z L H Y J O 0 U M Y H Z [ Y \ J [ \ Y L
4 H Y R L [ Z V W O P Z [ P J H [ P V U H U K ) \ Z P U L Z Z Z V W O P Z [ P J H [ P V U
; ^ V V \ [ W \ [ W P S S H Y Z J H W [ \ Y L H J [ \ H S L ] P K L U J L V M P U U V ] H [ P V U
V \ [ W \ [ Z ! 2 U V ^ S L K N L H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` V \ [ W \ [ Z H U K
* Y L H [ P ] L V \ [ W \ [ Z
D. Dubai Innovation Index
The Dubai Innovation Index was conceptualized in 2015
H Z H U L H V Y [ [ V I H Z L S P U L + \ I H P Z W V Z P [ P V U J V T W H Y L K [ V
S L H K P U N N S V I H S P U U V ] H [ P ] L J P [ P L Z H U K [ V T L H Z \ Y L [ O L
P U U V ] H [ P V U T H [ \ Y P [ ` V M + \ I H P Z W Y P ] H [ L Z L J [ V Y [ V H J O P L ] L
Z \ Z [ H P U H I S L L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O H U K P K L U [ P M ` H Y L H Z V M
P T W Y V ] L T L U [
; O L 0 U K L _ [ H R L Z P U [ V H J J V \ U [ I V [ O L U H I S L Y Z H Z [ O L P U W \ [
H U K W L Y M V Y T H U J L H Z [ O L V \ [ W \ [ H Z L X \ H S J V U [ Y P I \ [ V Y Z
[ V ^ H Y K Z P U U V ] H [ P V U
Enablers: ; O L [ L Y T L U H I S L Y Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U Y L M L Y [ V
L S L T L U [ Z V M [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U L J V Z ` Z [ L T [ O H [ O L S W J Y L H [ L H U
P K L H S L U ] P Y V U T L U [ M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U , U H I S L Y Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U
P U J S \ K L T H J Y V L J V U V T P J M H J [ V Y Z Z \ J O H Z W V S P [ P J H S
L J V U V T P J H U K Z V J P H S L U ] P Y V U T L U [ N V ] L Y U T L U [ M \ U K P U N
| 5

22
P U M Y H Z [ Y \ J [ \ Y L Z R P S S Z [ H S L U [ H U K J \ S [ \ Y L 4 L H Z \ Y L Z V M
[ O L Z L L U H I S L Y Z H Y L M V Y ^ H Y K S V V R P U N H U K H Y L L _ W L J [ L K [ V
O H ] L H S V U N [ L Y T P T W H J [ ( O P N O L Y L U H I S L Y Z J V Y L P T W S P L Z
P U ] L Z [ T L U [ Z H Y L I L P U N T H K L I ` J P [ P L Z [ V I \ P S K H Z V \ U K
M V \ U K H [ P V U [ V Z \ W W V Y [ P U U V ] H [ P V U H J [ P ] P [ P L Z H U K P U P [ P H [ P ] L Z
P U [ O L M \ [ \ Y L
Performance: 7 L Y M V Y T H U J L T L H Z \ Y L Z [ O L V \ [ W \ [ Z
V M P U U V ] H [ P V U P U J P [ P L Z ) V [ O [ H U N P I S L H U K P U [ H U N P I S L
P U U V ] H [ P V U V \ [ W \ [ Z H Y L J V U Z P K L Y L K H U K T L H Z \ Y L K
0 U [ H U N P I S L W L Y M V Y T H U J L T L H Z \ Y L Z Y L M L Y [ V [ O L
K L ] L S V W T L U [ V M [ H S L U [ P U [ L S S L J [ \ H S W Y V W L Y [ ` H U K
J V S S H I V Y H [ P ] L W H Y [ U L Y Z O P W Z M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U J V U [ Y H Z [
[ H U N P I S L W L Y M V Y T H U J L T L H Z \ Y L Z P U J S \ K L K L ] L S V W T L U [ V M
U L ^ W Y V K \ J [ Z H U K Z L Y ] P J L Z H U K L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O
E. Massachusetts Innovation Economy
; O L P U K L _ V M [ O L 4 H Z Z H J O \ Z L [ [ Z 0 U U V ] H [ P V U , J V U V T `
has been published by the Innovation Institute at the
4 H Z Z ; L J O * V S S H I V Y H [ P ] L H U U \ H S S ` Z P U J L 0 [ H U H S ` Z L Z
P U K P J H [ V Y Z [ O H [ J V ] L Y [ O L M V S S V ^ P U N J H [ L N V Y P L Z !
1. Economic Impact: 6 U L ^ H ` P U U V ] H [ P V U J V U [ Y P I \ [ L Z
[ V L J V U V T P J W Y V Z W L Y P [ ` P U 4 H Z Z H J O \ Z L [ [ Z L J V U V T `
P Z [ O Y V \ N O L T W S V ` T L U [ H U K ^ H N L Z P U R L ` P U K \ Z [ Y `
J S \ Z [ L Y Z 1 V I Z J Y L H [ L K P U [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U L J V U V T `
[ ` W P J H S S ` W H ` O P N O ^ H N L Z ^ O P J O K P Y L J [ S ` H U K P U K P Y L J [ S `
Z \ Z [ H P U H O P N O Z [ H U K H Y K V M S P ] P U N [ O Y V \ N O V \ [ [ O L
* V T T V U ^ L H S [ O
2. Research: ; O L P U K L _ K L U L Z P U U V ] H [ P V U H Z [ O L
J H W H J P [ ` [ V J V U [ P U \ V \ Z S ` [ Y H U Z S H [ L P K L H Z P U [ V U V ] L S
W Y V K \ J [ Z W Y V J L Z Z L Z H U K Z L Y ] P J L Z [ O H [ J Y L H [ L
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of the Massachusetts economy to make these ideas
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3. Technology: 0 U J S V Z L P U [ L Y H J [ P V U ^ P [ O Y L Z L H Y J O
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P U ] V S ] L Z J V T T L Y J P H S P a H [ P V U U L ^ I \ Z P U L Z Z M V Y T H [ P V U
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4 ( ; L J O U P J H S I \ Z P U L Z Z H U K U H U J P H S L _ W L Y [ P Z L H S S
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M \ U K P U N L ] L Y ` ` L H Y M V Y Y L Z L H Y J O K L ] L S V W T L U [ U L ^
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6. Talent: Innovation may be about technology and
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23
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[ O L J V \ U [ Y ` P Z N L [ [ P U N T V Y L V \ [ V M P [ Z
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and Digital India have had a positive
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to join the big league of innovative
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INDIA VERSUS THE WORLD | 6
Year GII Score GII Rank Total Countries
2014
2015 81 141
128

2018










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Figure 6.1: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a Percentage of GDP
: V \ Y J L ! < 5 , : * 6
Table 6.1: India’s Performance on the Global Innovation Index

24
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\ W P U K \ Z [ Y P L Z H U K P T W Y V ] P U N P U K \ Z [ Y ` H J H K L T P H S P U R H N L Z
Figure 6.2: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a Percentage of GDP
: V \ Y J L ! < 5 , : * 6














25
INDIA INNOVATION INDEX |7
INDIA
INNOVATION
INDEX
INNOVATION
EFFICIENCY
RATIO
ENABLERS
PERFORMANCE
HUMAN CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
KNOWLEDGE WORKERS
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY & LEGAL
ENVIRONMENT
KNOWLEDGE OUTPUT
KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION
Figure 7.1: India Innovation Index Pillar Level Framework
The India innovation index aims to examine the innovation
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26
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V Y N H U P a H [ P V U Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L [ V L U N H N L P U [ O L T V Z [
M V Y ^ H Y K S V V R P U N Y L Z L H Y J O H U K K L ] L S V W T L U [ L H V Y [ Z
( J J L Z Z [ V U H U J P H S P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z H U K P U ] L Z [ V Y Z
^ P S S P U N [ V Z \ W W V Y [ L U [ Y L W Y L U L \ Y P H S ] L U [ \ Y L Z H U K
I \ Z P U L Z Z L _ W H U Z P V U H Y L ] P [ H S [ V L U J V \ Y H N L
P U U V ] H [ P ] L I \ Z P U L Z Z H J [ P ] P [ P L Z ( U L I J P L U [ T H Y R L [
P Z [ O L V U L ^ O P J O L U Z \ Y L Z Y L H K ` H J J L Z Z [ V J Y L K P [
M V Y I \ Z P U L Z Z H U K H Z [ L H K ` V ^ V M M V Y L P N U K P Y L J [
P U ] L Z [ T L U [ - + 0
{Knowledge Workers: ) \ Z P U L Z Z L Z Z [ Y L U N [ O L U
[ O L P Y W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U
W V [ L U [ P H S [ O Y V \ N O [ O L L T W S V ` T L U [ V M O P N O S `
Z R P S S L K W Y V M L Z Z P V U H S Z ; O P Z W P S S H Y [ Y P L Z [ V J H W [ \ Y L
the level of business sophistication to gauge how
J V U K \ J P ] L [ O L Y T Z H Y L [ V P U U V ] H [ P V U H J [ P ] P [ P L Z
{Business Environment: 5 \ Y [ \ Y P U N H U L U ] P Y V U T L U [
[ O H [ H [ [ Y H J [ Z I \ Z P U L Z Z H U K M V Z [ L Y Z N Y V ^ [ O I `
W Y V ] P K P U N N V V K N V ] L Y U H U J L H U K [ O L J V Y Y L J [
S L ] L S Z V M W Y V [ L J [ P V U H U K P U J L U [ P ] L Z P Z L Z Z L U [ P H S
[ V P U U V ] H [ P V U ; O P Z W P S S H Y H Z Z L Z Z L Z [ O L I \ Z P U L Z Z
L U ] P Y V U T L U [ P U 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z I ` J V U Z P K L Y P U N L H Z L
V M K V P U N I \ Z P U L Z Z Y H U R P U N H U K N V ] L Y U T L U [ H S
[ L J O U V S V N P J H S H K V W [ P V U ) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [
L _ W H U K Z V U H Z W L J [ Z [ O H [ H H L J [ W Y P ] H [ L
L U [ Y L W Y L U L \ Y P H S L U K L H ] V \ Y Z H U K H S Z V T L H Z \ Y L Z
[ O L H I P S P [ ` V M [ O L Z [ H [ L [ V W Y V ] P K L Z \ W W V Y [ P ] L
Figure 7.2: India Innovation Index Pillar Level Framework

27
L U ] P Y V U T L U [ M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U
{Safety & Legal Environment: . V ] L Y U T L U [ Z ^ O P J O
L U H J [ H U K L U M V Y J L M H P Y H U K V W L U W Y V J L K \ Y L Z
W Y V [ L J [ W Y V W L Y [ ` Y P N O [ Z Y L N \ S H [ L T H Y R L [ Z L I J P L U [ S `
H U K S V ^ L Y [ O L I \ Y K L U V M Y L N \ S H [ P V U Z H Y L T V Y L S P R L S `
[ V Z L L O P N O L Y S L ] L S Z V M P U U V ] H [ P ] L L U [ Y L W Y L U L \ Y P H S
H J [ P ] P [ `
{Knowledge Output: ( Z J V T W H U P L Z H U K P U K P ] P K \ H S Z
P U ] L Z [ P U 9 + H U K K L ] L S V W P U U V ] H [ P ] L W Y V K \ J [ Z
H U K Z L Y ] P J L Z V H L Y P U N I L [ [ L Y ] H S \ L [ O L P Y H W W L H S
P U J Y L H Z L Z H J Y V Z Z T H Y R L [ Z ; O P Z P U [ \ Y U I L U L [ Z
[ O L Y L N P V U [ O Y V \ N O L U O H U J L K J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z
; O Y V \ N O ] H Y P H I S L Z S P R L U \ T I L Y V M W H [ L U [ Z H U K
[ Y H K L T H Y R Z S L K [ O L V I Q L J [ P ] L P Z [ V J V ] L Y [ O L M Y \ P [
V M P U U V ] H [ P V U ; O L Z J P L U [ P J H U K [ L J O U V S V N P J H S
V \ [ W \ [ P Z Y L L J [ L K I ` [ O L U \ T I L Y V M Z J P L U [ P J
H Y [ P J S L Z W \ I S P Z O L K
{ 2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U ! ; O P Z W P S S H Y Y L L J [ Z
[ O L K L N Y L L [ V ^ O P J O H Z [ H [ L J H U K L ] L S V W H U K
H W W S ` R U V ^ S L K N L [ V P U J Y L H Z L [ O L ] H S \ L H K K L K
J V T W V U L U [ Z P U W Y V K \ J [ Z H U K Z L Y ] P J L Z H Z ^ L S S H Z
T V Y L N L U L Y H S T V ] L [ V ^ H Y K Z H U P U U V ] H [ P V U K Y P ] L U
L J V U V T ` 2 U V ^ S L K N L V \ [ W \ [ W P S S H Y T H U P M L Z [ Z P [ Z L S M
W H Y [ P J \ S H Y S ` P U O P [ L J O H U K T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L _ W V Y [ Z
J V T T L Y J P H S P a H [ P V U V M P U [ L S S L J [ \ H S W Y V W L Y [ ` H U K
O H U K P J Y H M [ O H U K S V V T H U K . 0 Z H S L Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L Z
; O P Z W P S S H Y Y L L J [ Z [ O L L _ [ L U [ [ V ^ O P J O [ O L Z [ H [ L Z
L J V U V T ` O H Z J S P T I L K M Y V T Y L Z V \ Y J L K Y P ] L U [ V
P U U V ] H [ P V U K Y P ] L U
z - \ Y [ O L Y [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z ^ L Y L Z L S L J [ L K J V U Z P K L Y P U N
[ O L Z [ H [ L V M 0 U K P H U L J V U V T ` M V Y P U Z [ H U J L 0 U K P H H Z H
J V \ U [ Y ` P Z K V T P U H [ L K I ` S V ^ J V Z [ V Y M Y \ N H S P U U V ] H [ P V U
[ O H [ M H J L [ P Z J H W [ \ Y L K I ` P U J V Y W V Y H [ P U N U \ T I L Y V M
N Y H Z Z Y V V [ Z P U U V ] H [ P V U Z
States Categorisation
Major states NE & Hill states Union Territories / City States / Small States
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + :
) 0 / ( 9 ( : : ( 4 * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 /
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / / 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 + ( 4 ( 5 + 0 <
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 + , 3 / 0
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( . 6 (
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7
2 , 9 ( 3 ( 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / : 0 2 2 0 4
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 ( ; 9 0 7 < 9 (
6 + 0 : / ( < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 +
7 < 5 1 ( )
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + <
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 (
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : /
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3
- V Y H J V \ U [ Y ` H Z S H Y N L H U K K P ] L Y Z L H Z 0 U K P H ^ O L Y L O L Y
Z [ H [ L Z O H ] L I L L U K P ] P K L K I H Z L K V U S H U N \ H N L [ O L P Y
N L V N Y H W O P J H S Z P a L Z H Y L O P N O S ` ] H Y P L K P U U H [ \ Y L ; O L Z P a L
V M Z [ H [ L V M < [ [ H Y 7 Y H K L Z O M V Y P U Z [ H U J L H W W Y V _ P T H [ L S `
T H [ J O L Z [ O H [ V M < U P [ L K 2 P U N K V T H Z H ^ O V S L 6 U [ O L
V [ O L Y O H U K [ O L Z [ H [ L V M : P R R P T T L H Z \ Y L Z Q \ Z [ R T I `
R T P U Z P a L " H W W Y V _ P T H [ L S ` [ O L Z P a L V M [ O L U H [ P V U V M
: ^ P [ a L Y S H U K < U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z ^ O P J O O H ] L I L L U M V Y T L K
M V Y H K T P U P Z [ Y H [ P ] L L H Z L H Y L L ] L U Z T H S S L Y
> P [ O Z \ J O J V U [ Y H Z [ H J Y V Z Z 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U
[ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z J V T W H Y P U N [ O L T ^ P [ O V \ [ Z W H [ P H S Z L N Y L N H [ P V U
^ P S S P U [ Y V K \ J L J V T W S L _ P [ P L Z P U [ V V \ Y H U H S ` Z P Z ; O P Z P Z
I L J H \ Z L [ O L Z [ H [ L Z ^ P S S ] H Z [ S ` K P H L Y P U [ L Y T Z V M P U U V
] H [ P ] L J H W H J P [ P L Z H U K [ O L W V S P J ` P T W S P J H [ P V U Z M V Y S H Y N L
Z [ H [ L Z ^ P S S I L X \ P [ L K P H L Y L U [ M Y V T [ O H [ V M Z T H S S L Y V U L Z
; O L Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z O H ] L [ O \ Z I L L U J S H Z Z P
L K P U [ V [ O Y L L J H [ L N V Y P L Z ! 4 H Q V Y : [ H [ L Z 5 V Y [ O , H Z [ L Y U
/ P S S : [ H [ L Z H U K < U P V U ; L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z * P [ ` : [ H [ L Z : T H S S
: [ H [ L Z ; O L Z L Y L N P V U Z H Y L J H [ L N V Y P a L K I H Z L K V U [ O L
H Y L H H Z Z W H [ P H S O V T V N L U L P [ ` H J Y V Z Z Z [ H [ L Z T H R L Z M V Y H
M H P Y J V T W H Y P Z V U M V Y P U U V ] H [ P ] L J H W H J P [ `
0 [ T \ Z [ I L U V [ L K [ O H [ K \ L [ V [ O L H M V Y L T L U [ P V U L K Y L H
Z V U Z [ O L Z [ H [ L V M . V H O H Z I L L U P U J V Y W V Y H [ L K P U [ V [ O L
J H [ L N V Y ` V M < U P V U ; L Y Y P [ V Y ` * P [ ` : [ H [ L Z : T H S S : [ H [ L Z
K L Z W P [ L I L P U N H Z [ H [ L H Z W L Y [ O L 0 U K P H U * V U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U ; O L
U V Y [ O L H Z [ L Y U H U K O P S S Z [ H [ L Z M Y V T U V Y [ O L Y U 0 U K P H O H ] L
I L L U J S \ I I L K \ U K L Y [ O L Z H T L J H [ L N V Y ` K \ L [ V [ O L P Y
N L V N Y H W O P J H S Z P T P S H Y P [ P L Z
STATE CATEGORISATION

28
Geographic Coverage
; O L 0 U K L _ P Z J H S J \ S H [ L K M V Y [ O L 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U
[ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z 0 U K P H J V T W Y P Z L Z V M [ ^ L U [ ` U P U L Z [ H [ L Z H U K
Z L ] L U \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z ^ O P J O H Y L M \ Y [ O L Y Z \ I K P ] P K L K P U [ V
K P Z [ Y P J [ Z H U K J P [ P L Z ; O L Z J V W L V M [ O P Z W Y V Q L J [ J V ] L Y Z H S S [ O L
[ ^ L U [ ` U P U L Z [ H [ L Z H U K Z L ] L U \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z
; O L Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z H Y L M \ Y [ O L Y Z L N Y L N H [ L K
P U [ O Y L L J H [ L N V Y P L Z 4 H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z 5 V Y [ O , H Z [ L Y U / P S S
Z [ H [ L Z H U K < U P V U ; L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z * P [ ` : [ H [ L Z ; O L Y H [ P V U H S L
I L O P U K [ O P Z K P ] P Z P V U P Z [ V Y H U R [ O L Z [ H [ L Z I H Z L K V U [ O L P Y
H K T P U P Z [ Y H [ P ] L L J V U V T P J H U K N L V N Y H W O P J H S S P R L U L Z Z ; O P Z
^ H Z U L J L Z Z H Y ` I L J H \ Z L W V S P J ` P U Z P N O [ Z J H U I L K Y H ^ U
P U H T V Y L T L H U P U N M \ S T H U U L Y P M J V T W H Y H I S L Z [ H [ L Z H Y L
N Y V \ W L K [ V N L [ O L Y + \ L [ V [ O P Z Y L H Z V U . V H P Z J S H Z Z P L K
P U [ O L J H [ L N V Y ` V M < U P V U ; L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z * P [ ` : [ H [ L Z K L Z W P [ L
I L P U N H Z [ H [ L K \ L [ V P [ Z Z T H S S Z P a L
Index Calculation
* H S J \ S H [ P U N [ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ P U ] V S ] L Z H
T \ S [ P Z [ H N L W Y V J L Z Z ^ O P J O P Z K L W P J [ L K P U - P N \ Y L H U K
V \ [ S P U L K I L S V ^
Indicator Selection and Data Collection
; O L 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z M V Y [ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ ^ L Y L
Z L S L J [ L K M V S S V ^ P U N K P Z J \ Z Z P V U Z ^ P [ O L _ W L Y [ Z - \ Y [ O L Y T V Y L
[ O L J Y L K P I P S P [ ` V M Z V \ Y J L Z L _ W L Y [ M L L K I H J R H U K K H [ H
H ] H P S H I P S P [ ` ^ L Y L H S Z V J V U Z P K L Y L K ( S S [ O L K H [ H \ Z L K P U
[ O L 0 U K L _ ^ H Z J V T W P S L K M Y V T N V ] L Y U T L U [ Z V \ Y J L Z ; O L
P U K L _ J V U Z P Z [ Z V M Z L ] L U W P S S H Y Z J V T W Y P Z L K V M P U K P J H [ V Y Z
+ L [ H P S L K P U M V Y T H [ P V U V U P U K P ] P K \ H S P U K P J H [ V Y Z P U J S \ K L K
P U [ O L 0 U K L _ P Z W Y L Z L U [ L K P U ( W W L U K P _ ( ^ O P S L H K L [ H P S L K
[ H I S L ^ P [ O K H [ H H ] H P S H I P S P [ ` M V Y L H J O P U K P J H [ V Y P Z W Y L Z L U [ L K
P U ( W W L U K P _ ) ; O L U H S M Y H T L ^ V Y R P Z W Y L Z L U [ L K P U - P N \ Y L

Dealing with Missing Values
; V H K K Y L Z Z [ O L W Y V I S L T V M T P Z Z P U N ] H S \ L Z [ O L ^ V Y Z [
W V Z Z P I S L ] H S \ L ^ H Z H Z Z P N U L K [ V [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y M V Y [ O L
Z [ H [ L P U X \ L Z [ P V U ; O P Z P T W S P L Z [ O H [ W V Z P [ P ] L P U K P J H [ V Y Z
^ L Y L N P ] L U H ] H S \ L V M a L Y V H U K U L N H [ P ] L P U K P J H [ V Y Z ^ L Y L
H ^ H Y K L K [ O L ] H S \ L V M [ O L ^ V Y Z [ W L Y M V Y T P U N Z [ H [ L - V Y
P U Z [ H U J L P U [ O L J H Z L V M W L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z H S S 0 U K P H
O P N O L Z [ ] H S \ L P Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L [ O L T P Z Z P U N ] H S \ L Z





INDIA INNOVATION INDEX-INDICATORS

& # ( $ ' $ $ ! '
+ ( ! '
) " & $ ' ( ) # ( ' #
# # & # #
( # $ ! $ -
# & $ ! " # ( # / /
& ) ( $ #
# ' ( ( ) ( $ # ' + (
& # $ * /
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& # ( $ $ ! ! '
$ # # ( ( & $ )

# ( ) & % ( !
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) " & $ '
+ $ & # # # $ + !
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# ' ( ( ) ( $ # ' ) # -
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Figure 7.3: Index Calculation Steps
Figure 7.4: India Innovation Index Framework

29
; O L Z [ H [ L H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z V M > L Z [ ) L U N H S + H K Y H
5 H N H Y / H ] L S P + H T H U + P \ H U K 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W P Z T P Z Z P U N
K H [ H M V Y [ O L . Y V Z Z : [ H [ L + V T L Z [ P J 7 Y V K \ J [ . : + 7 - V Y
J V T W \ [ H [ P V U V M [ O P Z K H [ H [ O L W L Y J H W P [ H . + 7 V M 0 U K P H ^ H Z
T \ S [ P W S P L K ^ P [ O [ O L Z [ H [ L \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y ` W V W \ S H [ P V U [ V
H Y Y P ] L H [ H U L Z [ P T H [ L : V \ Y J L ! . : + 7 * L U [ Y H S : [ H [ P Z [ P J H S
6 Y N H U P Z H [ P V U " 7 V W \ S H [ P V U * L U Z \ Z
Data Transformation
( S S [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z P U [ O L U H S Z L [ H Y L T V K P L K Z V [ O H [ H
N Y L H [ L Y ] H S \ L T L H U Z H O P N O L Y Z J V Y L M V Y [ O L Z [ H [ L - V Y
P U Z [ H U J L W L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z ^ P S S O H ] L H U H K ] L Y Z L
P T W H J [ V U [ O L P U K L _ ; O L Y L M V Y L [ Y H U Z M V Y T H [ P V U Z H Y L
H W W S P L K [ V T H R L P [ Z P T W H J [ W V Z P [ P ] L ; O L S P Z [ V M [ O L P U ] L Y [ L K
P U K P J H [ V Y Z P Z W Y L Z L U [ L K P U ( W W L U K P _ *
0 U H K K P [ P V U M V Y [ O L J H Z L V M - + 0 P U V ^ P U [ V Z [ H [ L Z [ O L
K H [ H ^ H Z H ] H P S H I S L M V Y J V T I P U L K Y L N P V U H S L J V U V T P L Z
; V Y L Z V S ] L [ O P Z P Z Z \ L [ O L - + 0 K H [ H ^ H Z W Y V W V Y [ P V U H [ L S `
K P Z [ Y P I \ [ L K H T V U N Z [ H [ L Z I ` ^ L P N O P U N [ O L J V T I P U L K P U V ^
H Z W L Y [ O L P Y . + 7 Z O H Y L
Standardization
( Z H S S [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z H Y L T L H Z \ Y L K P U K P H L Y L U [ \ U P [ Z P [
P Z P T W V Y [ H U [ [ V Z [ H U K H Y K P a L [ O L T Z V [ O H [ [ O L ` I L J V T L
J V T W H Y H I S L 6 [ O L Y ^ P Z L H ] H Y P H I S L [ O H [ O H Z Y L S H [ P ] L S ` S L Z Z
Indicator/Dimension Missing Value Estimation
Enabler
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N
and technology
; O L \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y ` V M 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W P Z T P Z Z P U N ] H S \ L M V Y 5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U
L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N `
A L Y V O H Z I L L U [ H R L U M V Y H U H S ` Z P Z
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O + , U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O + K H [ H P Z U V [ H ] H P S H I S L M V Y L P [ O L Y ` L H Y M V Y [ O L M V S S V ^ P U N \ U P V U
[ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z ! + H K Y H 5 H N H Y / H ] L S P + H T H U + P \ H U K 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W
A L Y V ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L T P Z Z P U N K H [ H
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N `
H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- V Y [ O L M V S S V ^ P U N \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z , _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K
, U ] P Y V U T L U [ K H [ H P Z U V [ H ] H P S H I S L ! ( U K H T H U 5 P J V I H Y 0 Z S H U K Z * O H U K P N H Y O
+ H K Y H 5 H N H Y / H ] L S P + H T H U + P \ H U K 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W
A L Y V ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L T P Z Z P U N K H [ H M V Y H S S [ O L H I V ] L Z [ H [ L Z
- + 0 P U V ^ Z + H [ H M V Y 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W P Z U V [ H ] H P S H I S L M V Y - + 0 P U V ^ P U K P J H [ V Y
A L Y V ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L [ O L T P Z Z P U N ] H S \ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ + H [ H M V Y 2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ P Z U V [ H ] H P S H I S L M V Y [ O L Z [ H [ L Z V M
( Y \ U H J O H S 7 Y H K L Z O H U K 4 P a V Y H T H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y ` V M 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W H Z ( U U \
H S : \ Y ] L ` V M 0 U K \ Z [ Y P L Z ( : 0 K V L Z U V [ J V ] L Y [ O L Z L Z [ H [ L Z H U K < ;
A L Y V ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L [ O L T P Z Z P U N ] H S \ L
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 5 \ T I L Y V M 0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z K H [ H P Z T P Z Z P U N M V Y [ O L \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z V M
( U K H T H U 5 P J V I H Y 0 Z S H U K Z * O H U K P N H Y O + H K Y H 5 H N H Y / H ] L S P + H T H U + P \
H U K 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W
; O L H S S 0 U K P H H ] L Y H N L ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L [ O L T P Z Z P U N ] H S \ L Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z 7 L Y J L U [ H N L W L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z ^ H Z T P Z Z P U N M V Y [ O L Z [ H [ L Z V M ( Y \ U H J O H S
7 Y H K L Z O H U K 5 H N H S H U K H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z V M 7 \ K \ J O L Y Y ` H U K 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W
; O L H S S 0 U K P H O P N O L Z [ ] H S \ L ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L [ O L T P Z Z P U N ] H S \ L
Performance
5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U
the state
- V Y [ O L M V S S V ^ P U N Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H
[ P V U Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L K H [ H P Z U V [ H ] H P S H I S L ! . V H 4 P a V Y H T ( U K H T H U 5 P J V I H Y
0 Z S H U K Z * O H U K P N H Y O + H K Y H 5 H N H Y / H ] L S P + H T H U + P \ 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W H U K
7 \ K \ J O L Y Y `
A L Y V ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L [ O L T P Z Z P U N K H [ H
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L + H [ H M V Y W H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L P Z U V [ H ] H P S H I S L M V Y 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W
A L Y V ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L T P Z Z P U N K H [ H
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U K H [ H P Z T P Z Z P U N M V Y [ O L M V S S V ^ P U N Z [ H [ L Z H U K \ U P V U
[ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z ! ( Y \ U H J O H S 7 Y H K L Z O 5 H N H S H U K : P R R P T ; Y P W \ Y H ( U K H T H U 5 P J V I H Y
0 Z S H U K Z H U K 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W
A L Y V ^ H Z \ Z L K [ V P T W \ [ L T P Z Z P U N K H [ H

30
] H Y P H U J L I \ [ P Z T L H Z \ Y L K V U H S H Y N L Y Z J H S L J V T W H Y L K [ V
V [ O L Y ] H Y P H I S L Z T H ` H W W L H Y [ V O H ] L T \ J O N Y L H [ L Y ] H Y P H [ P V U
[ O H U P [ H J [ \ H S S ` K V L Z : [ H U K H Y K P a H [ P V U O L S W Z [ V Z V S ] L [ O P Z
W Y V I S L T I ` T H R P U N P U K P J H [ V Y Z \ U P [ S L Z Z H Z P [ Y L Z J H S L Z [ O L T
^ P [ O H T L H U V M a L Y V H U K Z [ H U K H Y K K L ] P H [ P V U V M V U L
Evaluating the Fit
; O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z L S L J [ P V U W Y V J L Z Z P U J S \ K L Z [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z
[ O H [ K L Z J Y P I L [ O L J V U J L W [ V M [ O L W P S S H Y Z P U [ O L I L Z [
W V Z Z P I S L ^ H ` H U K H Y L J V U J L W [ \ H S S ` S P U R L K [ V L H J O V [ O L Y
; O L Y P N V Y V M [ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ T L [ O V K V S V N ` P Z
Z [ Y L U N [ O L U L K I ` H Z Z L Z Z P U N T \ S [ P W S L H Z W L J [ Z V M [ I L [ ^ L L U
[ O V Z L - P Y Z [ L _ W S V Y H [ V Y ` M H J [ V Y H U H S ` Z P Z P Z \ Z L K [ V [ L Z [ [ O L
\ U K L Y S ` P U N M H J [ V Y Z H T V U N [ O L Z L [ V M Z L S L J [ L K P U K P J H [ V Y Z
P U L H J O W P S S H Y 0 U [ O P Z W Y V J L Z Z [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z [ O H [ H Y L
Z [ H [ P Z [ P J H S S ` P U J V T W H [ P I S L H Y L Y L T V ] L K
- \ Y [ O L Y T V Y L [ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ T L [ O V K V S V N `
P U ] V S ] L Z L ] H S \ H [ P U N [ O L [ I L [ ^ L L U [ O L P U K P ] P K \ H S
P U K P J H [ V Y Z I ` J H S J \ S H [ P U N * Y V U I H J O Z H S W O H M V Y L H J O
J V T W V U L U [ ( S W O H ^ H Z K L ] L S V W L K I ` 3 L L * Y V U I H J O P U
[ V W Y V ] P K L H T L H Z \ Y L V M [ O L P U [ L Y U H S J V U Z P Z [ L U J ` V M H
[ L Z [ V Y Z J H S L " P [ P Z L _ W Y L Z Z L K H Z H U \ T I L Y I L [ ^ L L U H U K
; H ] H R V S + L U U P J R 0 U [ L Y U H S J V U Z P Z [ L U J ` K L Z J Y P I L Z
[ O L L _ [ L U [ [ V ^ O P J O H S S [ O L P [ L T Z P U H [ L Z [ T L H Z \ Y L [ O L
Z H T L J V U J L W [ V Y J V U Z [ Y \ J [ H U K O L U J L P [ P Z J V U U L J [ L K [ V
[ O L P U [ L Y Y L S H [ L K U L Z Z V M [ O L P [ L T Z ^ P [ O P U [ O L [ L Z [ 0 U [ L Y U H S
J V U Z P Z [ L U J ` J H U I L L T W S V ` L K M V Y Y L Z L H Y J O V Y L _ H T P U H [ P V U
W \ Y W V Z L Z [ V L U Z \ Y L ] H S P K P [ ` ( U H W W S P L K W Y H J [ P [ P V U L Y Z Y \ S L
V M [ O \ T I P Z [ O H [ [ O L H S W O H ] H S \ L Z O V \ S K I L H I V ] L M V Y
H U ` S V N P J H S N Y V \ W P U N V M ] H Y P H I S L Z * V Y [ P U H
; O L H S W O H ] H S \ L Z H Y L W Y L Z L U [ L K P U [ O L [ H I S L I L S V ^
* Y V U I H J O Z H S W O H ] H S \ L Z H Y L Z P N U P J H U [ S ` S V ^ L Y M V Y
0 U ] L Z [ T L U [ 2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z H U K : H M L [ ` 3 L N H S
, U ] P Y V U T L U [ > L H J R U V ^ S L K N L [ O P Z Z O V Y [ J V T P U N I \ [ P [
P Z P T W V Y [ H U [ [ V R L L W Z V T L P U K P J H [ V Y Z P U [ O L P U K L _ K \ L [ V
[ O L P Y P T W V Y [ H U J L P U [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U S H U K Z J H W L V M 0 U K P H
Aggregation
; O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ \ Z L Z [ O L 7 Y P U J P W H S * V T W V U L U [
( U H S ` Z P Z 7 * ( M V Y J H S J \ S H [ P U N [ O L ^ L P N O [ Z V M P U K P J H [ V Y Z
^ P [ O P U H W P S S H Y
4
; O L W P S S H Y ] H S \ L Z H Y L J H S J \ S H [ L K I `
Z \ T T P U N [ O L ^ L P N O [ L K Z J V Y L Z \ Z P U N [ O L M V S S V ^ P U N M V Y T \ S H !
Pillar
p
) 9 8 8 X 8 b
( J V T W S L [ L S P Z [ V M ^ L P N O [ Z P Z W Y L Z L U [ L K P U ( W W L U K P _ +
The Minimum Sample Size in PCA
; O L \ Z L Y Z V M T \ S [ P ] H Y P H [ L T L [ O V K Z P U J S \ K P U N 7 Y P U J P W H S
* V T W V U L U [ ( U H S ` Z P Z ^ P K L S ` I L S P L ] L [ O H [ [ O L \ Z L V M S H Y N L Y
Z H T W S L Z P a L Z [ L U K Z [ V W Y V ] P K L ^ L P N O [ Z M H J [ V Y S V H K P U N Z H U K
L P N L U ] H S \ L Z [ O H [ H Y L T V Y L W Y L J P Z L L Z [ P T H [ L Z V M W V W \ S H [ P V U
] H S \ L Z 0 [ P Z I L J H \ Z L [ O L ` H Y L T V Y L Z [ H I S L H J Y V Z Z Y L W L H [ L K
Z H T W S P U N ; O L Y L H Y L [ ^ V J H [ L N V Y P L Z V M Y L J V T T L U K H [ P V U Z P U
[ L Y T Z V M T P U P T \ T Z H T W S L Z P a L 6 U L V M [ O L W Y V W V Z L K Y \ S L Z
V M [ O \ T I P Z I H Z L K V U [ O L Z H T W S L Z P a L ^ O P S L [ O L V [ O L Y V U L P Z
I H Z L K V U [ O L Z \ I Q L J [ [ V ] H Y P H I S L Y H [ P V
0 U [ O L J V U [ L _ [ V M Z H T W S L Z P a L . V Y Z \ J O H U K 2 S P U L
W Y L J V T T L U K L K H [ S L H Z [ ] H Y P H I S L Z
/ \ [ J O L Z V U H U K : V M Y V U P V \ Y L J V T T L U K Z H [ S L H Z [
J H Z L Z T V Y L [ V ^ H Y K [ O L L U K Z ^ O L U [ O L Y L H Y L H
M L ^ O P N O S ` J V Y Y L S H [ L K ] H Y P H I S L Z / V ^ L ] L Y [ O L Y L H Y L T H U `
Z [ \ K P L Z [ O H [ Y L J V T T L U K [ O H [ J V U Z P K L Y P U N [ O L Z H T W S L Z P a L
P U K L W L U K L U [ V M [ O L U \ T I L Y V M ] H Y P H I S L Z P Z Z W \ Y P V \ Z 6 U L
Z O V \ S K S V V R H [ [ O L Z \ I Q L J [ [ V ] H Y P H I S L Y H [ P V ^ O P S L L Z [ H I S P Z O P U N
H K L Z P Y H I S L S L ] L S V M Z H T W S L Z P a L - V Y P U Z [ H U J L / H [ J O L Y
Y L J V T T L U K L K [ O H [ [ O L Z H T W S L Z P a L Z O V \ S K I L S H Y N L Y
[ O H U ] L [ P T L Z [ O L U \ T I L Y V M ] H Y P H I S L Z W
0 U [ O L J H Z L V M 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ [ O L Y L H Y L P U K P J H [ V Y Z
H U K [ O L Y L N P V U Z \ U K L Y J V U Z P K L Y H [ P V U H Y L ) H Z L K V U H S S
[ O L Y L J V T T L U K H [ P V U Z V U [ O L Z \ I Q L J [ [ V ] H Y P H I S L Y H [ P V ^ L
Y L H S P Z L K [ O H [ P [ P Z I L [ [ L Y [ V J H S J \ S H [ L [ O L ^ L P N O [ Z \ Z P U N [ O L
K H [ H M V Y [ ^ V ` L H Y Z ) ` [ H R P U N K H [ H M V Y [ ^ V ` L H Y Z [ O L Z H T W S L
Z P a L P U J Y L H Z L K [ V
; O L S H Z [ Z [ L W V M K L [ L Y T P U P U N [ O L W P S S H Y Z J V Y L P U ] V S ] L Z
[ Y H U Z M V Y T P U N [ O L ] H S \ L Z [ V H [ V Z J H S L ; O P Z P Z K V U L
I ` J H S J \ S H [ P U N Z J V Y L Z \ Z P U N I L Z [ H U K ^ V Y Z [ J H Z L Z J L U H Y P V
P U H K K P [ P V U [ V [ O L Y L N P V U H S K H [ H Z L [ ; O L I L Z [ H U K ^ V Y Z [
J H Z L Z J L U H Y P V P Z [ O L H J [ \ H S I L Z [ H U K ^ V Y Z [ J H Z L ] H S \ L Z
DIMENSION PILLAR ALPHA
, U H I S L Y
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S
Investment
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [
7 L Y M V Y T H U J L
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U
4 Principal Component Analysis is a multivariate technique which was developed in early 20th century for the purpose of aggregating information. In econom-
ics, the method has been applied to the studies of cointegration and spatial convergence (Harris 1997, Drakos 2002), development (Caudill, Zanella & Mixon
2000), panel data (Bai 1993, Reichlin 2002), forecasting (Stock & Watson 2002), simultaneous equations (Choi 2002) and economics of education (Webster 2001).
Factor analysis uses variances to produce communalities between variables and the goal is to remove the common variance. (Yong & Pearce 2013).
Table 7.1: Alpha Values

31
M Y V T [ O L K H [ H Z L [ H Y L J V U Z P K L Y L K
9 L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ , M V Y [ O L ^ V Y Z [ H U K I L Z [ J H Z L Z J L U H Y P V
; O P Z T L [ O V K L U O H U J L Z J V T W H Y H I P S P [ ` H Z ^ L S S H Z
J V T W Y L O L U Z P ] L U L Z Z H J Y V Z Z [ O L K H [ H Z L [
; O L J H S J \ S H [ P V U P Z K V U L \ Z P U N [ O L M V S S V ^ P U N M V Y T \ S H !
G b
b
> O L Y L ? Q Y L W Y L Z L U [ Z [ O L Y H ^ W P S S H Y ] H S \ L Z
Dimension Scores
, H J O K P T L U Z P V U Z J V Y L P Z [ H R L U [ V I L H Z P T W S L H ] L Y H N L
V M P [ Z W P S S H Y Z ; O L Y H [ P V U H S L I L P U N [ O L H I Z L U J L V M H U `
[ O L V Y L [ P J H S V Y L T W P Y P J H S W Y V V M [ V ^ L P N O [ H U ` V M [ O L W P S S H Y
O P N O L Y [ O H U V [ O L Y Z
' 8 V X 8 b X

) 8 9 8 M M
p
8 ) b
Index Scores
; O L [ ^ V K P T L U Z P V U Z P L , U H I S L Y H U K 7 L Y M V Y T H U J L H Y L
I L S P L ] L K [ V Y L L J [ L X \ H S S ` P T W V Y [ H U [ H Z W L J [ Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U
; O L Y L M V Y L ^ O P S L J H S J \ S H [ P U N [ O L P U K L _ U V W Y P V Y P [ ` P Z N P ] L U
[ V H U ` K P T L U Z P V U , X \ H S ^ L P N O [ Z H Y L H Z Z P N U L K [ V L H J O V M
[ O L T [ V O P N O S P N O [ [ O L P Y Y V S L
T T T ) 9 ' 8 V X 8 b X

( M [ L Y J H S J \ S H [ P U N L H J O W P S S H Y [ O L N V V K U L Z Z V M [ P Z L ] H S \ H [ L K
\ Z P U N [ O L 2 H P Z L Y 4 L ` L Y 6 S R P U 2 4 6 T L H Z \ Y L V M Z H T W S P U N
H K L X \ H J `
5
; O L 2 4 6 P U K L _ Y H U N L Z M Y V T [ V H Z H Y \ S L
V M [ O \ T I 2 4 6 Z J V Y L Z Z O V \ S K I L H I V ] L > P S S P H T Z
6 U Z T H U ) Y V ^ U ; O L Y L Z \ S [ Z V M [ O P Z H U H S ` Z P Z H Y L
Z O V ^ U P U ; H I S L ; O L 2 4 6 ] H S \ L Z H Y L H I V ] L [ O L Z L [
Z [ H U K H Y K Z L _ J L W [ M V Y [ O L W P S S H Y ) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [
^ O L Y L ^ L O H ] L J H Y L M \ S S ` J V U Z P K L Y L K Y L Z [ Y \ J [ \ Y P U N [ O L W P S S H Y
I ` Y L T V ] P U N Z V T L P U K P J H [ V Y Z I \ [ H Z [ O L Z L P U K P J H [ V Y Z H Y L
P T W V Y [ H U [ M Y V T W V S P J ` W L Y Z W L J [ P ] L ^ L K L J P K L K [ V Y L [ H P U
[ O L T P U [ O L M Y H T L ^ V Y R
( K L [ H P S L K S P Z [ V M ^ L P N O [ Z P Z W Y L Z L U [ L K P U ( W W L U K P _ +
Relative Performance of States
; O L H I Z V S \ [ L Z J V Y L Z H Y L \ U H I S L [ V K P Z [ P U N \ P Z O Z [ H [ L Z V U
[ O L I H Z P Z V M L J V U V T P J K L ] L S V W T L U [ 0 U Z V T L J H Z L Z P [ P Z
T V Y L P S S \ T P U H [ P U N [ V J V T W H Y L H Z [ H [ L Z W L Y M V Y T H U J L ^ P [ O
P [ Z L J V U V T P J W L L Y Z - V Y P U Z [ H U J L H Z [ H [ L T H ` Z J V Y L S V ^
V U J L Y [ H P U H Z W L J [ Z I \ [ P [ Z W L Y M V Y T H U J L J V \ S K L _ J L L K [ O L
Z J V Y L Z M V Y Z [ H [ L Z ^ P [ O Z P T P S H Y P U J V T L S L ] L S Z * V U ] L Y Z L S `
H O P N O P U J V T L Z [ H [ L T H ` O H ] L H O P N O H I Z V S \ [ L Z J V Y L V U H
W P S S H Y I \ [ Z [ P S S M H S S Z O V Y [ V M ^ O H [ P Z [ ` W P J H S M V Y J V T W H Y H I S `
^ L H S [ O ` Z [ H [ L Z
- V Y [ O P Z Y L H Z V U [ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ K L ] L S V W L K H
T L [ O V K V S V N ` [ V H Z Z L Z Z Z [ H [ L Z Z [ Y L U N [ O Z H U K ^ L H R U L Z Z L Z
V U H Y L S H [ P ] L Y H [ O L Y [ O H U H I Z V S \ [ L I H Z P Z
: J V Y L J H Y K Z H Y L \ Z L K [ V K L W P J [ [ O L Y L S H [ P ] L Y L Z \ S [ Z ; O L
Z [ H [ L S L ] L S Z J V Y L J H Y K Z W V Y [ Y H ` H Z [ H [ L Z K L [ H P S L K H I Z V S \ [ L
H U K Y L S H [ P ] L H U H S ` Z P Z ; O L Z J V Y L J H Y K Z H Y L J V S V \ Y J V K L K [ V
O P N O S P N O [ Y L S H [ P ] L Z [ Y L U N [ O Z H U K ^ L H R U L Z Z L Z 9 L K P U K P J H [ L Z
W L Y M V Y T H U J L I L S V ^ [ O L W L L Y N Y V \ W T L H U " ` L S S V ^ P U K P J H [ L Z
W L Y M V Y T H U J L J V U Z P Z [ L U [ ^ P [ O [ O L W L L Y N Y V \ W " H U K N Y L L U
O P N O S P N O [ Z H Y L H Z V M Y L S H [ P ] L Z [ Y L U N [ O
; V K L [ L Y T P U L [ O L Y L S H [ P ] L Z [ Y L U N [ O H U K ^ L H R U L Z Z V M H
Z [ H [ L [ O L Y Z [ Z [ L W P Z [ V P K L U [ P M ` H W L L Y N Y V \ W > L K L U L
Z [ H [ L Z L J V U V T P J W L L Y Z H Z Z [ H [ L Z J S V Z L Z [ P U . + 7 > L
[ O L U J H S J \ S H [ L T L H U P U U V ] H [ P V U Z J V Y L Z M V Y [ O L W L L Y N Y V \ W
V ] L Y H S S H U K I ` K P T L U Z P V U W P S S H Y H U K P U K P J H [ V Y ( Z [ H [ L Z
W L Y M V Y T H U J L P Z [ O L U J V T W H Y L K [ V P [ Z W L L Y N Y V \ W Z T L H U
P U U V ] H [ P V U Z J V Y L Z [ V P K L U [ P M ` P [ Z Y L S H [ P ] L Z [ Y L U N [ O Z H U K
^ L H R U L Z Z L Z ( Z [ Y L U N [ O P Z W L Y M V Y T H U J L Z P N U P J H U [ S ` N Y L H [ L Y
[ O H U [ O L T L H U Z J V Y L ^ O P S L H ^ L H R U L Z Z P Z W L Y M V Y T H U J L
Z P N U P J H U [ S ` S V ^ L Y [ O H U [ O L T L H U Z J V Y L 5 L \ [ Y H S
W L Y M V Y T H U J L P Z U L P [ O L Y Z [ Y V U N U V Y ^ L H R I \ [ ^ P [ O P U [ O L Z H T L
Y H U N L H Z L J V U V T P J W L L Y Z : P N U P J H U J L P Z K L [ L Y T P U L K I ` H
Z J V Y L [ O H [ P Z N Y L H [ L Y [ O H U V Y S L Z Z [ O H U [ O L H ] L Y H N L H I Z V S \ [ L
K L ] P H [ P V U M Y V T [ O L T L H U V M [ O L J V T W H Y H [ V Y N Y V \ W
DIMENSION Pillar MEAN KMO
, U H I S L Y
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S
Investment
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [
7 L Y M V Y T H U J L
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U
Table 7.2: KMO Values
5 The statistic is a measure of the proportion of variance among variables that might be common variance.

32
INDIA INNOVATION
INDEX: KEY FINDINGS
8 |
; O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ P Z [ O L Y L Z \ S [ V M H U L _ [ L U Z P ] L
W Y V J L Z Z V M Y L Z L H Y J O M V Y \ U K L Y Z [ H U K P U N [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U
S H U K Z J H W L V M 0 U K P H ; O L M Y H T L ^ V Y R V M [ O L P U K L _ P Z
H U H N N Y L N H [ P V U V M [ ^ V K P T L U Z P V U Z L U H I S L Y Z H U K
W L Y M V Y T H U J L ^ O P J O O H ] L ] L H U K [ ^ V W P S S H Y Z \ U K L Y [ O L T
Y L Z W L J [ P ] L S ` ^ P [ O H [ V [ H S V M P U K P J H [ V Y Z H T V U N [ O L T
; O L P U K L _ T H R L Z M V Y Z V T L P U [ L Y L Z [ P U N U K P U N Z M V Y [ O L
P U U V ] H [ P V U L J V Z ` Z [ L T P U 0 U K P H H [ I V [ O U H [ P V U H S H U K Z \ I
U H [ P V U H S S L ] L S Z
COUNTRY-LEVEL ANALYSIS
) L M V Y L K L S ] P U N P U [ V H N Y H U \ S H Y Z [ H [ L S L ] L S H U H S ` Z P Z P [ P Z
P U Z [ Y \ J [ P ] L [ V N L [ H T H J Y V Z J V W P J ] P L ^ V M [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U
L J V Z ` Z [ L T P U 0 U K P H ; O P Z J H U W Y V ] P K L H I Y V H K V ] L Y ] P L ^ V M
[ O L J V \ U [ Y ` Z Z [ Y L U N [ O Z H U K ^ L H R U L Z Z L Z V U [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U
M Y V U [ H U K J H U O L S W P U M V Y T U H [ P V U ^ P K L W V S P J P L Z Z [ Y H [ L N P L Z
H U K H J [ P V U W S H U Z ; O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ Y H U N L Z M Y V T
H Z J H S L V M [ V ^ P [ O I L P U N [ O L ^ V Y Z [ H U K I L P U N
[ O L I L Z [ J H Z L Z J L U H Y P V 6 U [ O L ^ O V S L [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` Z J V Y L Z
H U H ] L Y H N L V M V U [ O L P U K L _ ; O L Z J V Y L Z O V ^ Z [ O H [ [ O L
J V \ U [ Y ` O H Z H S V [ V M W V [ L U [ P H S M V Y N Y V ^ [ O H U K P T W Y V ] L T L U [
^ P [ O Y L Z W L J [ [ V P U U V ] H [ P V U
( J S L H Y L Y W P J [ \ Y L P Z V I [ H P U L K ^ O L U [ O P Z H ] L Y H N L P Z I Y V R L U
K V ^ U P U [ V K P T L U Z P V U Z H U K W P S S H Y Z ; O P Z J H U I L Z L L U P U
- P N \ Y L I L S V ^ ; O L [ ^ V K P T L U Z P V U Z V M [ O L P U K L _ H Y L
, U H I S L Y Z H U K 7 L Y M V Y T H U J L ; O L H ] L Y H N L Z J V Y L V M , U H I S L Y Z
Z [ H U K H [ ^ O P S L [ O H [ V M 7 L Y M V Y T H U J L J V T L Z V \ [ [ V I L
: P U J L [ O L , U H I S L Y Z V \ [ W L Y M V Y T 7 L Y M V Y T H U J L P [ P Z
L ] P K L U [ [ O H [ [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` O H Z U V [ I L L U H I S L [ V \ [ P S P Z L [ O L
H ] H P S H I S L K Y P ] L Y Z V M P U U V ] H [ P V U [ V [ O L P Y T H _ P T \ T W V [ L U [ P H S
, ] L U [ O V \ N O 0 U K P H W L Y M V Y T Z Y L S H [ P ] L S ` ^ L S S V U L U H I S L Y Z V M
P U U V ] H [ P V U - P N \ Y L Z O V ^ Z [ O H [ [ O L Y L P Z H ] H Z [ K P Z W H Y P [ `
H T V U N P [ Z W P S S H Y Z ; O L J V \ U [ Y ` W L Y M V Y T Z [ O L I L Z [ ^ P [ O
Y L Z W L J [ [ V O \ T H U J H W P [ H S ^ O P J O O H Z H Z J V Y L V M ^ O P S L P [
M H J L Z H J O H S S L U N L V M P U ] L Z [ P U N [ V ^ H Y K Z I \ P S K P U N P U U V ] H [ P ] L
J H W H J P [ P L Z ^ O L Y L P [ O H Z V I [ H P U L K H Z J V Y L V M ; O L
S H [ [ L Y P Z H Y L Z \ S [ V M S V ^ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L [ V ^ H Y K Z Z J P L U J L H U K
[ L J O U V S V N ` H U K H S Z V T P Z Z P U N ] L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S P U ] L Z [ T L U [ P U
T V Z [ Z [ H [ L Z
4 L H U ^ O P S L [ O L W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z V U W P S S H Y Z
V M R U V ^ S L K N L ^ V Y R L Y Z H S Z V K L Z L Y ] L Z H [ [ L U [ P V U 0 [ P Z
W H Y H K V _ P J H S [ O H [ Z \ J O H ] H Z [ K P Z W H Y P [ ` L _ P Z [ Z I L [ ^ L L U [ O L
W P S S H Y V M O \ T H U J H W P [ H S H U K R U V ^ S L K N L ^ V Y R L Y Z 0 [ I H Z P J H S S `
P T W S P L Z [ O H [ [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` O H Z I L L U \ U H I S L [ V W Y V ] P K L
H K L X \ H [ L Y L Z L H Y J O V W W V Y [ \ U P [ P L Z [ V P [ Z N Y H K \ H [ L Z H U K H S Z V
P U K P J H [ L Z [ O L X \ H S P [ ` V M N Y H K \ H [ L Z
, Q Q R Y D W L R Q ( Q D E O H U V + X P D Q & D S L W D O , Q Y H V W P H Q W . Q R Z O H G J H : R U N H U V % X V L Q H V V
( Q Y L U R Q P H Q W
6 D I H W \ D Q G / H J D O
( Q Y L U R Q P H Q W
3 H U I R U P D Q F H . Q R Z O H G J H ' L I I X V L R Q . Q R Z O H G J H 2 X W S X W







6
F
R
U
H
6 K H H W
3 L O O D U
, Q Q R Y D W L R Q
( Q D E O H U V
+ X P D Q & D S L W D O
, Q Y H V W P H Q W
. Q R Z O H G J H : R U N H U V
% X V L Q H V V ( Q Y L U R Q P H Q W
6 D I H W \ D Q G / H J D O ( Q Y L U R Q P H Q W
3 H U I R U P D Q F H
. Q R Z O H G J H ' L I I X V L R Q
. Q R Z O H G J H 2 X W S X W
6 X P R I 6 F R U H I R U H D F K 3 L O O D U & R O R U V K R Z V G H W D L O V D E R X W 3 L O O D U
Figure 8.1: Country-level Analysis of India Innovation Index
: V \ J L ! H \ [ O V Y Z

33
- P U H S S ` V U [ O L 7 L Y M V Y T H U J L M Y V U [ [ O L H N N Y L N H [ L Z J V Y L Z V M
[ O L U H [ P V U O P K L ] H Z [ K P Z W H Y P [ P L Z H J Y V Z Z Z [ H [ L Z P U [ O L W P S S H Y Z
V M R U V ^ S L K N L K P H \ Z P V U H U K R U V ^ S L K N L V \ [ W \ [ > P [ O P U
R U V ^ S L K N L K P H \ Z P V U M V Y P U Z [ H U J L [ O L Z O H Y L V M P U M V Y T H [ P V U
H U K J V T T \ U P J H [ P V U [ L J O U V S V N ` 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z P U H Z [ H [ L Z
. + 7 P Z V U S ` Z P N U P J H U [ P U H M L ^ Z [ H [ L Z ( Z P T P S H Y P Z Z \ L
H P S Z [ O L Y H [ L V M W H [ L U [ S P U N H J Y V Z Z 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z ^ O L Y L
J V U J L U [ Y H [ P V U H T V U N H M L ^ V M [ O L T P Z ] L Y ` O P N O
STATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS
0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z K P Z W S H ` H O P N O Z J V Y P U N Y H U N L V U [ O L 0 U K P H
0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ M Y V T H O P N O V M M V Y + L S O P [ V H S V ^ V M
M V Y 1 O H Y R O H U K ; O L Z L Z J V Y L Z H U K Y H U R P U N Z J H U I L Z L L U
P U ; H I S L V ] L Y S L H M ; O L Z [ H [ L Z O H ] L I L L U K P ] P K L K P U [ V
[ O Y L L Z L N T L U [ Z [ V N P ] L H I L [ [ L Y Z L U Z L V M J V T W H Y H I P S P [ `
; O L 5 , O P S S Z [ H [ L Z H U K [ O L \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z J P [ ` Z [ H [ L Z
O H ] L I L L U Z L N Y L N H [ L K M Y V T [ O L Y L Z [ V M [ O L 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z
[ L Y T L K H Z 4 H Q V Y : [ H [ L Z P U [ O L [ H I S L ; O L M V Y T L Y
Z L N Y L N H [ P V U ^ H Z U L J L Z Z H Y ` Z P U J L [ O L P Y N L V N Y H W O P J H S
[ L Y Y H P U H U K S V J H [ P V U O H ] L T H K L [ O L P Y J V T W H Y P Z V U ^ P [ O
T H P U S H U K Z [ H [ L Z K P I J \ S [ ^ O P S L [ O L S H [ [ L Y H Y L H S Z V K P H L Y L U [
M Y V T [ O L V [ O L Y 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z K \ L [ V [ O L P Y ] H Y P L K Z P a L H U K
H K T P U P Z [ Y H [ P ] L J H W H I P S P [ P L Z
( T V U N [ O L T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z 2 H Y U H [ H R H W L Y M V Y T Z [ O L I L Z [
^ O P S L 1 O H Y R O H U K U P Z O L Z S H Z [ ; O L M V Y T L Y P Z [ O L Y L Z \ S [ V M
[ O L W Y L ] H S L U J L V M U \ T L Y V \ Z O P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z
Y L Z L H Y J O S H I Z H U K J S \ Z [ L Y V M I \ Z P U L Z Z L Z [ O H [ O L S W K Y P ] L
P U U V ] H [ P V U M V Y ^ H Y K 0 [ P Z H S Z V U V [ H I S L [ O H [ [ O Y L L V M [ O L [ V W
] L T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z H Y L M Y V T Z V \ [ O L Y U 0 U K P H ; O L Y L N P V U H S
P T I H S H U J L P Z H Y L Z \ S [ V M H U L X \ H S S ` Z R L ^ L K J V U J L U [ Y H [ P V U
V M L K \ J H [ P V U H S H U K Y L Z L H Y J O P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z H J Y V Z Z [ O L
J V \ U [ Y `
( U V [ O L Y U V [ H I S L H Z W L J [ P Z [ O L Z [ H Y R K P Z W H Y P [ ` I L [ ^ L L U [ O L
W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M ( U K O Y H 7 Y H K L Z O Y H U R H U K ; L S H U N H U H
Y H U R , ] L U [ O V \ N O ; L S H U N H U H ^ H Z J H Y ] L K V \ [ V M ( U K O Y H
7 Y H K L Z O P U [ O L J V U [ Y H Z [ P U [ O L P Y P U U V ] H [ P V U J H W H J P [ P L Z
P Z O H Y K [ V T P Z Z : P U J L I V [ O Z [ H [ L Z H Y L N L V N Y H W O P J H S S ` H U K
K L T V N Y H W O P J H S S ` Z P T P S H Y [ O L P Y ] H Y P L K W L Y M V Y T H U J L V U [ O L
P U U V ] H [ P V U M Y V U [ W Y L Z L U [ Z H U P U [ L Y L Z [ P U N J H Z L V U ^ O H [
K Y P ] L Z P U U V ] H [ P V U P U 0 U K P H 0 [ P Z W Y V I H I S ` [ O L J H Z L [ O H [ H
Z P U N S L J P [ ` / ` K L Y H I H K ^ H Z K Y P ] P U N H I \ S R V M [ O L P U U V ] H [ P ] L
J H W H J P [ ` V M [ O L Z [ H [ L ^ O P J O O H Z I L U L [ [ L K ; L S H U N H U H ) \ [
( U K O Y H 7 Y H K L Z O J H U H S Z V K Y H ^ H J [ P V U H I S L P U Z P N O [ Z M Y V T P [ Z
U L ^ U L P N O I V \ Y [ V I \ P S K H Z P T P S H Y P U U V ] H [ P ] L L J V Z ` Z [ L T
( Z M V Y [ O L 5 , O P S S Z [ H [ L Z : P R R P T P Z [ O L I L Z [ W L Y M V Y T L Y
^ O P S L P [ P Z + L S O P H T V U N [ O L N Y V \ W V M \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z
J P [ ` Z [ H [ L Z 0 U M H J [ + L S O P ^ P [ O H Z J V Y L V M P Z [ O L I L Z [
W L Y M V Y T P U N Z [ H [ L H T V U N H S S [ O L 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z [ H R L U H Z
H ^ O V S L + L S O P O H Z [ O L \ U P X \ L H K ] H U [ H N L V M I L P U N [ O L
J H W P [ H S J P [ ` V M [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` O H ] P U N H O P N O J V U J L U [ Y H [ P V U V M
\ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z H U K Y L Z L H Y J O S H I Z H U K J S V Z L W Y V _ P T P [ ` [ V [ O L
J P [ P L Z V M . \ Y N H V U H U K 5 V P K H ^ O P J O H Y L [ O Y P ] P U N I \ Z P U L Z Z
O \ I Z ( S S V M [ O L Z L M H J [ V Y Z ^ V Y R O L H ] P S ` P U M H ] V \ Y V M I \ P S K P U N
+ L S O P Z P U U V ] H [ P ] L J H W H J P [ `

34
Innovation
Major states Score Rank
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 1
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 2
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 (
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 4
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 5
2 , 9 ( 3 (
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : /
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 8
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; 9
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 10
7 < 5 1 ( ) 11
6 + 0 : / ( 12
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 14
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 15
) 0 / ( 9
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 +
NE and Hill states
: 0 2 2 0 4 1
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 2
< ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 +
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 4
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 5
; 9 0 7 < 9 (
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : /
( : : ( 4 8
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 9
4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 10
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 11
Union Territories / City States / Small States
+ , 3 / 0 1
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 2
. 6 (
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4
( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 5
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 <
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0
3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 8
Table 8.1: India Innovation Index State-level Performance
INNOVATION

35
ENABLERS PERFORMANCE
Enablers Performance
Major states Score Rank Major states Score Rank
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 ( 1 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 1
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 2 ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 2
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 (
2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 4
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 5 < ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 5
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3
7 < 5 1 ( ) / ( 9 @ ( 5 (
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 8 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 8
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 9 . < 1 ( 9 ( ; 9
6 + 0 : / ( 10 ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 10
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 11 6 + 0 : / ( 11
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 12 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 12
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 7 < 5 1 ( )
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 14 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 14
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 15 ) 0 / ( 9 15
) 0 / ( 9 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 +
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
NE and Hill states NE and Hill states
: 0 2 2 0 4 1 < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 1
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 2 ( : : ( 4 2
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9
< ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 4 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 4
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 5 / 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 5
; 9 0 7 < 9 ( ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : /
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 +
4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 8 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 8
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 9 ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 9
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 10 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 10
( : : ( 4 11 : 0 2 2 0 4 11
UT/ City States/ Small States UT/ City States/ Small States
. 6 ( 1 + , 3 / 0 1
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 2 * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 2
+ , 3 / 0 + ( 4 ( 5 + 0 <
( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 4 + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 4
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 5 . 6 ( 5
3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + :
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 8 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 8

36
HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT
Human Capital Investment
Major states Score Rank Major states Score Rank
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 1 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 1
2 , 9 ( 3 ( 2 4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 ( 2
7 < 5 1 ( ) / ( 9 @ ( 5 (
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 4 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; 5 ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 5
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( . < 1 ( 9 ( ;
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 ( ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 (
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 8 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 8
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 9 < ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 9
6 + 0 : / ( 10 ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 10
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 11 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 11
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 12 6 + 0 : / ( 12
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 14 * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 14
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 15 7 < 5 1 ( ) 15
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 +
) 0 / ( 9 ) 0 / ( 9
NE and Hill states NE and Hill states
: 0 2 2 0 4 1 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 1
4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 2 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 2
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / ; 9 0 7 < 9 (
; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 4 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 4
< ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 5 : 0 2 2 0 4 5
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 +
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 +
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 8 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 8
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 9 / 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 9
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 10 ( : : ( 4 10
( : : ( 4 11 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 11
UT/ City States/ Small States UT/ City States/ Small States
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 1 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 1
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 2 + , 3 / 0 2
+ , 3 / 0 . 6 (
. 6 ( 4 ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 4
( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 5 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 5
3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 /
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 8 + ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < 8

37
KNOWLEDGE WORKERS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Knowledge Workers Business Environment
Major states Score Rank Major states Score Rank
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 ( 1 ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 1
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; 2 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 2
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 (
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 4
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 5 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 5
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < / ( 9 @ ( 5 (
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : /
2 , 9 ( 3 ( 8 . < 1 ( 9 ( ; 8
7 < 5 1 ( ) 9 > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 9
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 10 7 < 5 1 ( ) 10
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 11 < ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 11
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 12 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 12
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5
6 + 0 : / ( 14 6 + 0 : / ( 14
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 15 * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 15
) 0 / ( 9 ) 0 / ( 9
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 +
NE and Hill states NE and Hill states
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 1 / 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 1
: 0 2 2 0 4 2 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 2
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 +
< ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 4 ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 4
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 5 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 5
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( ( : : ( 4
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4
; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 8 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 8
( : : ( 4 9 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 9
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 10 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 10
4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 11 : 0 2 2 0 4 11
UT/ City States/ Small States UT/ City States/ Small States
. 6 ( 1 . 6 ( 1
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 2 + , 3 / 0 2
+ , 3 / 0 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 4
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 5 * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 5
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < + ( 4 ( 5 + 0 <
( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + :
3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 8 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 8

38
SAFETY & LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
Safety & Legal Environment
Major states Score Rank
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 1
7 < 5 1 ( ) 2
. < 1 ( 9 ( ;
) 0 / ( 9 4
6 + 0 : / ( 5
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 (
2 , 9 ( 3 ( 8
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 9
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 10
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 11
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + 12
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : /
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 14
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 15
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 (
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + <
NE and Hill states
: 0 2 2 0 4 1
; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 2
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9
< ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 4
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 5
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : /
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 +
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 8
4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 9
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 10
( : : ( 4 11
UT/ City States/ Small States
( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 1
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 2
. 6 (
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < 4
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 5
+ , 3 / 0
3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 8

39
KNOWLEDGE OUTPUT KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION
Knowledge Output 2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U
Major states Score Rank Major states Score Rank
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 1 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 1
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 ( 2 ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 2
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 (
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 4 < ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / 4
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 5 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 5
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 2 , 9 ( 3 (
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; 8 / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 8
2 , 9 ( 3 ( 9 6 + 0 : / ( 9
7 < 5 1 ( ) 10 ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 10
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 11 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 11
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 12 . < 1 ( 9 ( ; 12
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + ) 0 / ( 9
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 14 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 14
6 + 0 : / ( 15 7 < 5 1 ( ) 15
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
) 0 / ( 9 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 +
NE and Hill states NE and Hill states
< ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 1 ( : : ( 4 1
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 2 < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 2
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9
( : : ( 4 4 / 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 5 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 5
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 +
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ (
; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 8 : 0 2 2 0 4 8
4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 9
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 10 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 10
: 0 2 2 0 4 11 ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 11
UT/ City States/ Small States UT/ City States/ Small States
+ , 3 / 0 1 + , 3 / 0 1
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 2 + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 2
. 6 ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 /
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < 4 + ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < 4
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 5 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 5
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ . 6 (
( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + :
3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 8 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 8

40
Link between Innovation and
Competitiveness
( Z O H Z I L L U W V P U [ L K V \ [ L H Y S P L Y [ O L Y L L _ P Z [ Z H Z [ Y V U N
Y L S H [ P V U Z O P W I L [ ^ L L U J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z V M Y L N P V U Z H U K [ O L P Y
P U U V ] H [ P ] L J H W H J P [ P L Z > L O H ] L U V [ L Z [ H I S P Z O L K J H \ Z H S P [ `
H U K [ O H [ Y L T H P U Z H T H [ [ L Y M V Y M \ Y [ O L Y Y L Z L H Y J O ) \ [ P [ J H U
I L Z H P K ^ P [ O J L Y [ H P U [ ` [ O H [ [ O L [ ^ V H Z W L J [ Z H Y L P U [ Y P J H [ L S `
Y L S H [ L K [ V L H J O V [ O L Y
0 [ ^ V \ S K [ O L Y L M V Y L I L P U [ L Y L Z [ P U N P M [ O L Z J V Y L Z V M [ O L
0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ H Y L M V \ U K [ V I L J V Y Y L S H [ L K ^ P [ O
[ O L J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z V M [ O L Y L Z W L J [ P ] L Z [ H [ L Z ; O P Z O H Z
I L L U P S S \ Z [ Y H [ L K P U - P N \ Y L ; O L Z [ H [ L Z J V Y L Z M Y V T
[ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ H Y L T H W W L K H N H P U Z [ [ O L
Z [ H [ L Z J V Y L Z M Y V T [ O L Y L W V Y [ * S \ Z [ L Y Z ! ; O L + Y P ] L Y Z V M
* V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z

Z \ I T P [ [ L K [ V , ( * 7 4
; O L Y L N P V U H S J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z O H Z I L L U J H S J \ S H [ L K I `
S V V R P U N H [ M V \ Y I Y V H K H Y L H Z !
Factor Conditions:
; O L ` T L H Z \ Y L [ O L O L H S [ O V M [ O L M H J [ V Y Z [ O H [ K P Y L J [ S ` H H L J [
[ O L W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` V M H U ` Y L N P V U ; O L Z L P U J S \ K L M H J [ V Y Z
V M W Y V K \ J [ P V U " U V [ Q \ Z [ [ O L J V U ] L U [ P V U H S V U L Z S P R L S H U K
S H I V Y H U K J H W P [ H S I \ [ H S Z V Z W L J P H S P a L K M H J [ V Y Z S P R L I L [ [ L Y
P U M Y H Z [ Y \ J [ \ Y L Z R P S S L K S H I V Y L [ J
Demand Conditions:
; O L Z L Y L W Y L Z L U [ [ O L M V Y J L Z [ O H [ H Y L P T W V Y [ H U [ P U
Z O H W P U N J V U Z \ T L Y L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L ; O L J O H U N L Z P U [ O L
[ ` W L V M K L T H U K Z O H W L [ O L Y L S H [ P V U Z O P W Z I L [ ^ L L U Y T Z
L U [ L Y W Y P Z L Z I \ Z P U L Z Z H U K J V U Z \ T L Y Z
The context for strategy and rivalry:
- P Y T Z ^ V Y R [ V P U J Y L H Z L W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U
W Y P T H Y P S ` I ` K P Y L J [ J V T W L [ P [ P V U ; O \ Z T H Y R L [ I L J V T L Z
[ O L I H [ [ S L L S K M V Y K V T L Z [ P J H U K M V Y L P N U J V T W H U P L Z [ V
J V T W L [ L M V Y W Y V [ Z H U K Z \ Z [ H P U H I P S P [ ` ; O L S V J H S Y \ S L Z M V Y
[ H _ H [ P V U - + 0 M V Y L P N U [ Y H K L Y L T P [ [ H U J L Z H U K [ O L P U J L U [ P ] L Z
Z [ Y \ J [ \ Y L J H U [ O L Y L M V Y L T H R L V Y T H Y [ O L J V U K P [ P V U Z M V Y
I \ Z P U L Z Z Z \ J J L Z Z
Related and supporting industries:
7 Y L Z L U J L V M J S \ Z [ L Y Z Y H [ O L Y [ O H U P Z V S H [ L K Y T Z V H L Y Z
W Y V _ P T P [ ` V M \ W Z [ Y L H T H U K K V ^ U Z [ Y L H T P U K \ Z [ Y P L Z H U K
H S S V ^ Z M V Y [ O L P U [ L Y J O H U N L V M R U V ^ S L K N L H U K P U J Y L H Z L Z
Y T W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` ; O P Z H S Z V O L S W Z P U T L L [ P U N K L W [ O V M
K L T H U K H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U
0 [ J H U I L J S L H Y S ` Z L L U [ O H [ J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z H U K P U U V ] H [ P V U
V M 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z H Y L O P N O S ` J V Y Y L S H [ L K 0 U M H J [ H U 9
2
of
P Z H J O P L ] L K 0 [ J H U H S Z V I L Z L L U [ O H [ [ O L Y L S H [ P V U Z O P W
I L [ ^ L L U [ O L [ ^ V W O L U V T L U H [ H W L Y V H H M [ L Y H J L Y [ H P U S L ] L S
V M K L ] L S V W T L U [ ; O P Z P T W S P L Z [ O H [ [ O L L H L J [ Z V M V U L V U
[ O L V [ O L Y H Y L P U P [ P H S S ` X \ P [ L O P N O I \ [ [ O L ` Y L K \ J L ^ P [ O T V Y L
Y L N P V U H S K L ] L S V W T L U [ 0 U V [ O L Y ^ V Y K Z [ O L Z [ H [ L Z [ O H [
H Y L P U [ O L I V [ [ V T Y \ U N V M J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z J H U T H R L [ O L
O P N O L Z [ N H P U Z M Y V T [ O L W \ Y Z \ P [ V M P U U V ] H [ P V U : P U J L T V Z [ V M
[ O L 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z H Y L J V U J L U [ Y H [ L K P U [ O L S V ^ L Y L U K Z \ J O
H [ Y L U K P Z X \ P [ L W Y V T P Z P U N
Link between Innovation and Economic
Development
; O L S P U R I L [ ^ L L U P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K N Y V ^ [ O P Z H S T V Z [
P U [ \ P [ P ] L ( Z \ Z [ H P U L K L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O P Z K Y P ] L U I ` N Y V ^ [ O
P U W Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` V M [ O L M H J [ V Y Z P U ] V S ] L K P U W Y V K \ J [ P V U
0 2 4 6 8 1012 1416 182022 2426 283032 3436 384042 44
IndiaInnovationIndexscores
0
5
10
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20
25
30
35
40
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0 -
SumofInnovationvs.sumofCompetitiveness.ThemarksarelabeledbyState.DetailsareshownforState.
6 For more details: https://issuu.com/arthsastra/docs/clusters_the_drivers_of_competiti?e=15240061/65872465
Figure 8.2: Link between Innovation and Competitiveness

41
7 Y V K \ J [ P ] P [ ` P U [ \ Y U H Y P Z L Z M Y V T J V U Z [ H U [ P U U V ] H [ P V U
[ O H [ O L S W Z P U M \ Z L L I J P L U J ` P U [ V [ O L W Y V K \ J [ P V U W Y V J L Z Z
4 L H U ^ O P S L H Z P U U V ] H [ P V U K Y P ] L Z N Y V ^ [ O [ O L V W W V Z P [ L
P Z H S Z V [ Y \ L / P N O L Y L J V U V T P J N Y V ^ [ O W Y V ] P K L Z T V Y L
Y L Z V \ Y J L Z [ V P U U V ] H [ L " Z V T L [ O P U N ^ O P J O J H U I L Z L L U P U
[ O L W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M [ O L Z [ H [ L Z V U [ O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U
0 U K L _ : V H [ ^ V ^ H ` S P U R H N L L _ P Z [ Z I L [ ^ L L U P U U V ] H [ P V U
H U K L J V U V T P J K L ] L S V W T L U [ V M Y L N P V U Z
; O L - P N \ Y L K L W P J [ Z [ O P Z S P U R H N L M V Y 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z , ] L U
though the linkage is not as evident as the one between
P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K J V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z H N L U L Y H S \ W ^ H Y K [ Y L U K
I L [ ^ L L U P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K N Y V ^ [ O P Z H W W H Y L U [ ; O L Y Z [
X \ H K Y H U [ J H Y Y P L Z Z [ H [ L Z [ O H [ O H ] L O P N O L Y P U J V T L [ O H U [ O L
U H [ P V U H S H ] L Y H N L H U K H Y L H S Z V O P N O S ` P U U V ] H [ P ] L + L S O P
; H T P S 5 H K \ 4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H . V H / H Y ` H U H 2 L Y H S H H U K
. \ Q H Y H [ M H S S P U [ V [ O P Z J H [ L N V Y `
; O L Z L J V U K X \ H K Y H U [ P Z H U P U [ L Y L Z [ P U N J H [ L N V Y ` H Z P [
J V U Z P Z [ Z V M Z [ H [ L Z ^ O P J O O H ] L P U J V T L S V ^ L Y [ O H U [ O L
U H [ P V U H S H ] L Y H N L I \ [ H Y L T V Y L P U U V ] H [ P ] L [ O H U [ O L H ] L Y H N L
Z [ H [ L < [ [ H Y 7 Y H K L Z O > L Z [ ) L U N H S ; L S H U N H U H H U K
2 H Y U H [ H R H M H S S \ U K L Y [ O P Z J H [ L N V Y ` / V ^ L ] L Y [ O L S H [ [ L Y [ ^ V
H Y L H S T V Z [ H Z Y P J O H Z [ O L H ] L Y H N L 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L H Z ^ L S S
; O L Z [ H [ L Z P U [ O L [ O P Y K X \ H K Y H U [ U L L K [ V ^ V Y R [ O L T V Z [ H Z
[ O L P Y P U J V T L Z H Y L S V ^ L Y [ O H U [ O L U H [ P V U H S H ] L Y H N L H U K H Y L
S L Z Z P U U V ] H [ P ] L [ O L H ] L Y H N L 0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L H Z ^ L S S ( T H Q V Y P [ `
V M [ O L Z [ H [ L Z M H S S P U [ O P Z X \ H K Y H U [ ( U K S H Z [ S ` [ O L M V \ Y [ O
X \ H K Y H U [ ^ O P J O J V U Z P Z [ Z V M Z [ H [ L Z [ O H [ H Y L Y P J O L Y [ O H U [ O L
U H [ P V U H S H ] L Y H N L I \ [ H Y L U V [ H Z P U U V ] H [ P ] L J V T W Y P Z L Z V M
V U S ` [ O Y L L Z [ H [ L Z : P R R P T 7 \ U Q H I H U K < [ [ H Y H R O H U K H U K
V U L < U P V U ; L Y Y P [ V Y ` ( U K H T H U 5 P J V I H Y 0 Z S H U K Z
Figure 8.3: Link between Innovation and Economic Development

42
Figure 8.4: Performance of states on Human Capital
SCORES
74.967.67
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43
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W P J [ \ Y L V M [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` Y L P U M V Y J L Z [ O L U L L K [ V T H R L M \ Y [ O L Y
P T W Y V ] L T L U [ Z P U [ O L H Y L H
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^ O P S L [ O L Z [ H [ L Z P U [ O L U V Y [ O L Y U O L H Y [ S H U K V M [ O L J V \ U [ Y `
Z O V ^ P T T L U Z L Z J V W L M V Y P T W Y V ] L T L U [ ; O L Z [ H [ L Z V M
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4 L H U ^ O P S L T V Z [ V M [ O L \ U P V U [ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z H U K J P [ ` Z [ H [ L Z
K P Z W S H ` H Z \ W L Y P V Y W L Y M V Y T H U J L * O H U K P N H Y O H U K
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due to high availability of educational institutions and
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0 U K P H V Y H Y L Z T H S S P U Z P a L ; O L M V Y T L Y P Z [ Y \ L I L J H \ Z L [ O L
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O \ T H U J H W P [ H S ^ O P S L [ O L S H [ [ L Y P Z [ O L J H Z L I L J H \ Z L [ O L
H K T P U P Z [ Y H [ P V U P Z Z P T W S L H U K M V J \ Z L K P U Z T H S S L Y Y L N P V U Z
HUMAN CAPITAL
Figure 8.5: Over-performing and under-performing states
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z N J X N 8 @ N @ 8 S x 8 N N @ S @ @ @ N N V 8 7 V 8 N @ u J ( 5 8 5 N @ N N @
Pillar-level Analysis

44
Figure 8.6: Performance of states on Investment
SCORES
42.170.06
L
A
K
SHADW
EE
P
L
A
L
A
L
K
SHADWDWD
EE
P

45
( T V U N [ O L T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z [ O L P U ] L Z [ T L U [ W P S S H Y P Z S L K I `
2 H Y U H [ H R H 4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H H U K / H Y ` H U H ; O P Z P Z T H P U S `
I L J H \ Z L [ O L P Y T H Q V Y J P [ P L Z ) H U N H S V Y L 4 \ T I H P H U K
. \ Y N H V U H [ [ Y H J [ Z P N U P J H U [ H T V \ U [ V M M V Y L P N U K P Y L J [
P U ] L Z [ T L U [ - + 0 ; O L , H Z [ L Y U I L S [ V M T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z
S P R L ) P O H Y 1 O H Y R O H U K > L Z [ ) L U N H S * O O H [ [ P Z N H Y O H U K
6 K P Z O H Z O V ^ H J S L H Y U L L K M V Y O P N O L Y P U ] L Z [ T L U [ [ V ^ H Y K Z
P U U V ] H [ P V U
: \ Y W Y P Z P U N S ` H T V U N [ O L U V Y [ O L H Z [ L Y U Z [ H [ L Z 4 H U P W \ Y H U K
( Y \ U H J O H S 7 Y H K L Z O ^ O P S L 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W H T V U N [ O L \ U P V U
[ L Y Y P [ V Y P L Z W L Y M V Y T H [ W H Y ^ P [ O [ O L I L Z [ Z [ H [ L Z ; O L M V Y T L Y
P Z K \ L [ V H O P N O L Y L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L P U Z J P L U J L H U K [ L J O U V S V N `
I ` [ O L N V ] L Y U T L U [ ^ O P S L [ O L S H [ [ L Y P Z H Y L Z \ S [ V M O P N O L Y
P U ] L Z [ T L U [ P U O P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U I H Z L K V U [ O L P Y Y L Z W L J [ P ] L
L J V U V T ` Z P a L
+ L S O P L _ W L J [ L K S ` W L Y M V Y T Z ^ L S S V U [ O P Z M Y V U [ T H P U S ` K \ L [ V
O P N O L Y M V Y L P N U K P Y L J [ P U ] L Z [ T L U [ P U [ V [ O L J H W P [ H S
; O L Z L N Y L N H [ P V U I L [ ^ L L U V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y Z H U K
\ U K L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y Z P Z J \ Y P V \ Z S ` U V [ P U J V T L I H Z L K M V Y [ O L
Z [ H [ L Z ; O L N \ Y L Z O V ^ Z [ O H [ X \ P [ L H M L ^ Y P J O Z [ H [ L Z H S Z V
M H S S P U [ V [ O L \ U K L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y J H [ L N V Y `
; O L V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M Z [ H [ L Z S P R L 2 H Y U H [ H R H + L S O P H U K
4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H P Z U V [ Z \ Y W Y P Z P U N 0 [ P Z O V ^ L ] L Y Z \ Y W Y P Z P U N
[ O H [ 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W ( Y \ U H J O H S 7 Y H K L Z O H U K 4 H U P W \ Y
V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T V U P U ] L Z [ T L U [ 0 [ [ \ Y U Z V \ [ [ O H [ ^ O P S L
3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W Z W L U K Z H Z P N U P J H U [ H T V \ U [ V U O P N O L Y
L K \ J H [ P V U I V [ O [ O L U V Y [ O L H Z [ L Y U Z [ H [ L Z K V [ O L Z H T L M V Y
Z J P L U J L H U K [ L J O U V S V N `
INVESTMENT
Figure 8.7: Over-performing and under-performing states
W
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z N J X N 8 @ N @ 8 S x 8 N N @ S @ @ @ N N V 8 7 V 8 N @ u J ( 5 8 5 N @ N N @
Pillar-level Analysis

46
Figure 8.8: Performance of states on Knowledge Workers
SCORES
40.620.00
L
A
K
SHADW
EE
P
L
A
L
A
L
K
SHADWDWD
EE
P

47
; O L O P N O L Z [ Z J V Y L H J O P L ] L K I ` H Z [ H [ L P U [ O P Z W P S S H Y P Z
> O L U J V T W H Y L K ^ P [ O [ O L T H _ P T \ T Z J V Y L P U [ O L
O \ T H U J H W P [ H S W P S S H Y V M [ O L Z J V Y L Z H J O P L ] L K P U [ O P Z
W P S S H Y P U K P J H [ L [ O H [ 0 U K P H P Z W Y V K \ J P U N Z \ I Z [ H U [ P H S N Y H K \ H [ L Z
I \ [ O H Z P Z Z \ L Z P U L T W S V ` P U N [ O L T P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L
H J [ P ] P [ P L Z ; O P Z J H U L P [ O L Y T L H U [ O H [ H K L X \ H [ L L T W S V ` T L U [
V W W V Y [ \ U P [ P L Z H Y L U V [ H ] H P S H I S L P U Z \ J O Z L J [ V Y Z V Y [ O L
N Y H K \ H [ L Z H Y L U V [ L T W S V ` H I S L - \ Y [ O L Y Z [ \ K ` P Z Y L X \ P Y L K [ V
\ U K L Y Z [ H U K [ O L Z P [ \ H [ P V U I L [ [ L Y
6 U H U H ] L Y H N L 0 U K P H H S Z V O H Z H Z L Y P V \ Z S H J R V M 9 +
^ V Y R L Y Z W L Y T P S S P V U 4 V Y L V ] L Y T V Z [ V M [ O L 9 +
L T W S V ` T L U [ J V T L Z M Y V T W Y P ] H [ L M \ U K L K S H I Z : [ H [ L
M \ U K L K S H I Z H Y L T \ J O S V ^ L Y P U W Y V W V Y [ P V U ; O L Y L M V Y L
0 U K P H U Z [ H [ L Z U L L K [ V ^ V Y R [ V ^ H Y K Z H K K Y L Z Z P U N [ O L Z L
N H W Z ( Z M V Y Z [ H [ L ^ P Z L W L Y M V Y T H U J L P [ J H U I L Z L L U [ O H [
Z T H S S L Y Z [ H [ L Z W L Y M V Y T I L [ [ L Y V U [ O P Z W P S S H Y
0 [ P Z Z \ Y W Y P Z P U N [ O H [ Z T H S S L Y Z [ H [ L Z S P R L : P R R P T . V H H U K
/ P T H J O H S 7 Y H K L Z O H Y L V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y Z / V ^ L ] L Y P [ U L L K Z
[ V I L O P N O S P N O [ L K [ O H [ Z T H S S L Y Z [ H [ L Z K V I L [ [ L Y I L J H \ Z L
[ O L K H [ H P Z V U S ` H ] H P S H I S L M V Y [ O L V Y N H U P Z L K Z L J [ V Y ^ O P J O
H Y L M L ^ P U Z T H S S L Y Z [ H [ L Z 0 M Z V T L V M [ O L Z L H Y L R U V ^ S L K N L
P U [ L U Z P ] L Z L J [ V Y Z P [ I H S S V V U Z \ W [ O L W Y L ] H S L U J L V M
R U V ^ S L K N L ^ V Y R L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L ; O P Z T H R L Z J Y V Z Z J V \ U [ Y `
J V T W H Y P Z V U Z J O H S S L U N P U N ; O L Y L M V Y L [ O L V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T H U J L
V M [ O L Z T H S S L Y Z [ H [ L Z U L L K Z [ V I L Y L H K ^ P [ O J H \ [ P V U
KNOWLEDGE WORKERS
Figure 8.9: Over-performing and under-performing states
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1 # . " # ! ( & . , , ( ! - , ) ' T f l : n n m g e i g l h . ) j k : n f g n e j n e n :
z N J X N 8 @ N @ 8 S x 8 N N @ S @ @ @ N N V 8 7 V 8 N @ u J ( 5 8 5 N @ N N @
Pillar-level Analysis

48
Figure 8.10: Performance of states on Business Environment
SCORES
52.811.62
L
A
K
SHADW
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49
; O L H I Z V S \ [ L Y L Z \ S [ Z W Y V ] P K L \ Z ^ P [ O [ O Y L L J S L H Y V \ [ S P L Y Z P U
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ U H T L S ` . V H + L S O P H U K ; H T P S 5 H K \
; O L Z J V Y L Z V M [ O L Z L Z [ H [ L Z H Y L H U K Y L Z W L J [ P ] L S `
; O L I \ Z P U L Z Z L U ] P Y V U T L U [ P U [ O L Z L Z [ H [ L Z P Z J V U K \ J P ] L M V Y
P U U V ] H [ P V U
. V H Z J V Y L Z T V Y L [ O H U [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` Z H ] L Y H N L P U T V Z [ V M
[ O L W H Y H T L [ L Y Z P U J S \ K P U N P U [ L Y U L [ J V U U L J [ P V U Z W Y L Z L U J L
V M P U J \ I H [ V Y Z P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z H U K U \ T I L Y V M * - * Z ; O L
Z J V Y L Z V M + L S O P H Y L K Y P ] L U I ` [ O L O P N O P U [ L Y U L [ J V U U L J [ P V U Z
P U [ O L Y L N P V U ; O L U \ T I L Y V M P U [ L Y U L [ J V U U L J [ P V U Z P U + L S O P
H Y L W L Y W V W \ S H [ P V U ^ O P S L [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` H ] L Y H N L
Z [ H U K Z H [ ; O L W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M ; H T P S 5 H K \ P Z H I V ] L
H ] L Y H N L P U H S S [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z I ` H Z S P N O [ T H Y N P U L _ J L W [ V U L
* - * Z ; O L H J [ \ H S U \ T I L Y V M * - * Z P U ; H T P S 5 H K \ P Z
H N H P U Z [ [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` H ] L Y H N L V M ^ O P J O O L S W Z P [ [ V T H R L
P [ [ V [ O L [ V W [ O Y L L
; O L Z L [ O Y L L Z [ H [ L Z U V [ V U S ` H J O P L ] L O P N O H I Z V S \ [ L Z J V Y L Z
I \ [ H Y L H S Z V [ O L [ O Y L L [ V W V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y Z
; O L H I Z V S \ [ L Z J V Y L Z V M H S S V [ O L Y Y L N P V U Z H Y L I L S V ^
/ V ^ L ] L Y P [ P Z ] L Y ` L U J V \ Y H N P U N [ O H [ T V Z [ S V ^
Z J V Y P U N Y L N P V U Z O H ] P U N H O P N O L H Z L V M K V P U N I \ Z P U L Z Z
P T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U Z J V Y L 0 [ P Z Y L L J [ P ] L V M [ O L T P T W S L T L U [ P U N
[ O L W V S P J P L Z H U K H J [ P V U Z Z \ N N L Z [ L K [ V P T W Y V ] L [ O L P Y
I \ Z P U L Z Z L U ] P Y V U T L U [
/ V ^ L ] L Y T H U ` V M [ O L Z L Y L N P V U Z V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T J V T W H Y L K
[ V [ O L P Y W L L Y Z M V Y P U Z [ H U J L 3 H R Z O H K ^ L L W 2 L Y H S H
/ P T H J O H S 7 Y H K L Z O ; L S H U N H U H 4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H H U K / H Y ` H U H
; O L Z L Z [ H [ L Z J H U N Y V ^ M H Z [ L Y [ O H U V [ O L Y Y L N P V U Z H U K Z L [
L _ H T W S L Z M V Y [ O L P Y W L L Y Z H Z ^ L S S
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Figure 8.11: Over-performing and under-performing states
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) / ( , 3 1 # . " # ! ( & . , , ( ! - , ) ' T f l : n n m g e i g l h . ) j k : n f g n e j n e n :
z N J X N 8 @ N @ 8 S x 8 N N @ S @ @ @ N N V 8 7 V 8 N @ u J ( 5 8 5 N @ N N @
Pillar-level Analysis

50
Figure 8.12: Performance of states on Safety & Legal Environment
SCORES
68.747.08
L
A
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SHADW
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51
( I Z V S \ [ L Y L Z \ S [ Z Z O V ^ [ O H [ V U S ` [ O Y L L Y L N P V U Z H J Y V Z Z 0 U K P H
U H T L S ` : P R R P T ( U K H T H U H U K 5 P J V I H Y 0 Z S H U K Z H U K * O H U
K P N H Y O Y L N P Z [ L Y Z J V Y L Z H I V ] L M [ ` 5 V U L V M [ O L T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z
Z J V Y L H I V ] L M V Y [ ` ; O L S V ^ Z J V Y L Z V M H S S [ O L Z L Y L N P V U Z Y L
L J [ [ O H [ J Y L H [ P U N H Z H M L H U K S L N H S S H U K Z J H W L Z [ P S S Y L T H P U Z
H U L S \ Z P ] L N V H S M V Y T V Z [ Y L N P V U Z ( S Z V [ O L 0 U K P H U Z V J P L [ `
M H J L Z H S V [ V M J O H S S L U N L Z K \ Y P U N [ O L P Y P U [ L Y H J [ P V U ^ P [ O [ O L
J V \ U [ Y ` Z S L N H S Z ` Z [ L T
0 [ P Z X \ P [ L Z \ Y W Y P Z P U N O V ^ L ] L Y [ O H [ L J V U V T P J H S S ` K L ] L S
V W L K Z [ H [ L Z H Y L M H Y P U N I H K S ` V U [ O P Z P U K P J H [ V Y : [ H [ L Z S P R L
; H T P S 5 H K \ ; L S H U N H U H H U K 2 H Y U H [ H R H ^ O P J O ^ L Y L H T V U N
[ O L [ V W [ O Y L L Z [ H [ L Z P U [ O L ) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ W P S S H Y
M H Y L [ O L ^ V Y Z [ H T V U N T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z P U [ O P Z W P S S H Y ; O P Z J H U
I L H [ [ Y P I \ [ L K [ V I L [ [ L Y Y L W V Y [ P U N V M J Y P T L P U [ O L Z L Z [ H [ L Z
[ O H U [ O L S L Z Z K L ] L S V W L K V U L Z
; O L N Y V \ W V M V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y Z P U [ O L W P S S H Y P Z H O L H S [ O `
T P _ V M S V ^ P U J V T L S V ^ L Y T P K K S L P U J V T L \ W W L Y T P K K S L
P U J V T L O P N O P U J V T L H U K U V Y [ O L H Z [ L Y U Z [ H [ L Z ; O P Z P Z
Y L L J [ P ] L V M [ O L M H J [ [ O H [ Y L N P V U Z H [ H U ` S L ] L S V M L J V U V T P J
K L ] L S V W T L U [ J H U L U H J [ H U K L U M V Y J L M H P Y H U K V W L U
W Y V J L K \ Y L Z W Y V [ L J [ W Y V W L Y [ ` Y P N O [ Z Y L N \ S H [ L T H Y R L [ Z
L I J P L U [ S ` H U K S V ^ L Y [ O L I \ Y K L U V M Y L N \ S H [ P V U Z
6 U H U H I Z V S \ [ L I H Z P Z [ O L W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M Y P J O L Y Z [ H [ L Z
P Z U V [ \ W [ V [ O L L _ W L J [ H [ P V U Z / V ^ L ] L Y Y L S H [ P ] L Y L Z \ S [ Z
Z O V ^ [ O H [ [ O Y L L O P N O P U J V T L Z [ H [ L Z / H Y ` H U H . \ Q H Y H [ H U K
4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H J H U Z L Y ] L H Z Y V S L T V K L S Z M V Y [ O L P Y W L L Y Z
: P T P S H Y S ` U V Y [ O L H Z [ L Y U Z [ H [ L Z J H U S L H Y U M Y V T : P R R P T [ O H [
O H Z Q \ Z [ [ O Y L L W L Y J L U [ V M [ O L J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z W L U K P U N H N H P U Z [
[ O L J V \ U [ Y ` H ] L Y H N L V M W L Y J L U [
SAFETY & LEGAL
ENVIRONMENT
Figure 8.13: Over-performing and under-performing states
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z N J X N 8 @ N @ 8 S x 8 N N @ S @ @ @ N N V 8 7 V 8 N @ u J ( 5 8 5 N @ N N @
Pillar-level Analysis

52
Figure 8.14: Performance of states on Knowledge Output
SCORES
74.650.08
L
A
K
SHADW
EE
P
L
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L
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SHADWDWD
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53
; O L ] H Y P H [ P V U V M Z J H S L P U R U V ^ S L K N L V \ [ W \ [ M Y V T [ V
T P N O [ Z L L T X \ P [ L Z P N U P J H U [ H [ Y Z [ N S H U J L ) \ [ [ O L
Z [ H U K H Y K K L ] P H [ P V U V M [ O L Z [ H [ L Z J V Y L Z P Z U V [ O P N O M V Y [ O L
W P S S H Y [ O H [ P Z Y L S H [ P ] L K P Z W H Y P [ P L Z H Y L U V [ H Z O P N O ; O P Z P Z
I L J H \ Z L + L S O P P Z H U V \ [ S P L Y H T V U N [ O L Z [ H [ L Z > O P S L + L S O P
O H Z [ O L O P N O L Z [ Z J V Y L V M [ O L Y L N P V U [ O H [ J V T L Z U L _ [
* O H U K P N H Y O O H Z H Z J V Y L V M ; O L S L H K P U N Z [ H [ L ; H T P S
5 H K \ H S Z V O H Z H Z J V Y L V M ; O P Z P Z W Y V I H I S ` I L J H \ Z L
H S V [ V M W H [ L U [ K L Z P N U H U K [ Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U Z H Y L S L K
M Y V T + L S O P
; O L N \ Y L H S Z V Z O V ^ Z [ O H [ [ O L Z V \ [ O L Y U Z [ H [ L Z K V ^ L S S V U
R U V ^ S L K N L V \ [ W \ [ ( T V U N [ O L T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z ; H T P S 5 H K \
4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H 2 H Y U H [ H R H H U K ; L S H U N H U H V J J \ W ` [ O L [ V W
M V \ Y Z W V [ Z
( S [ O V \ N O H S V [ V M M V J \ Z P Z N P ] L U [ V W H [ L U [ Z P [ P Z H U V [ V Y P
V \ Z S ` > L Z [ L Y U J V U J L W [ H U K U V [ H W L Y M L J [ P U K P J H [ V Y M V Y H
J V \ U [ Y ` S P R L 0 U K P H . Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U P Z H M H P Y L Y P U K P J H
[ V Y ( S [ O V \ N O P [ K V L Z U V [ Z O V ^ P U [ O L N \ Y L 2 L Y H S H O H Z [ O L
O P N O L Z [ U \ T I L Y V M H I Z V S \ [ L N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z ^ O P S L
4 H U P W \ Y J V T T H U K Z [ O L O P N O L Z [ U \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [
P U U V ] H [ P V U Z W L Y J H W P [ H
; O L V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M + L S O P H U K [ O L T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z V M
Z V \ [ O L Y U 0 U K P H P Z H S V U N L _ W L J [ L K S P U L Z H Z [ O L P Y J P [ P L Z O H ] L
[ O L O P N O L Z [ J V U J L U [ Y H [ P V U V M Y L Z L H Y J O L Y Z H U K Y L Z L H Y J O
S H I Z
( J \ Y P V \ Z H U V T H S ` S P L Z P U [ O L J V U [ Y H Z [ P U N W L Y M V Y T H U J L V M
; L S H U N H U H H U K ( U K O Y H 7 Y H K L Z O ^ O P J O ^ L Y L H \ U P [ L K Z [ H [ L
\ U [ P S ) \ [ P U [ L Y T Z V M R U V ^ S L K N L V \ [ W \ [ [ O L M V Y T L Y
P Z H U V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y ^ O P S L [ O L S H [ [ L Y P Z [ O L V W W V Z P [ L
; L S H U N H U H \ U H T I P N \ V \ Z S ` V \ [ W L Y M V Y T Z P [ Z U L P N O I V \ Y
H J Y V Z Z H S S P U K P J H [ V Y Z ^ P [ O P U [ O L W P S S H Y ; O L J H Z L T H R L Z M V Y
H U P U [ L Y L Z [ P U N Z [ \ K ` V U ^ O H [ K Y P ] L Z P U U V ] H [ P V U
KNOWLEDGE OUTPUT
Figure 8.15: Over-performing and under-performing states
R
A
J
A
S
T
H
A
N
W
E
S
T

B
E
N
G
A
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1 # . " # ! ( & . , , ( ! - , ) ' T f l : n n m g e i g l h . ) j k : n f g n e j n e n :
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1 # . " # ! ( & . , , ( ! - , ) ' T f l : n n m g e i g l h . ) j k : n f g n e j n e n :
z N J X N 8 @ N @ 8 S x 8 N N @ S @ @ @ N N V 8 7 V 8 N @ u J ( 5 8 5 N @ N N @
Pillar-level Analysis

54
Figure 8.16: Performance of states on Knowledge Diffusion
SCORES
67.060.00
L
A
K
SHADW
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P
L
A
L
A
L
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SHADWDWD
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55
; O L R P U K V M ] H Y P H [ P V U V I Z L Y ] L K H T V U N [ O L Z [ H [ L Z J V Y L Z
M V Y 2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U J H U I L \ U K L Y Z [ V V K [ O Y V \ N O
[ ^ V Z [ H [ P Z [ P J Z 6 U L [ O L Z J V Y L Z V M Y L N P V U Z V \ [ V M
S P L I L S V ^ : L J V U K [ O L Z J V Y L Z V M [ V W U P U L Y L N P V U Z S P L
I L [ ^ L L U M Y V T [ V
; O L S V ^ Z J V Y L Z V M [ O L Y L N P V U Z P Z L _ W S H P U L K [ O Y V \ N O
[ O L 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z W L Y J L U [ V M [ O L [ V [ H S 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z P U [ O L
J V \ U [ Y ` H Y L M Y V T U P U L Y L N P V U Z V U S ` 2 H Y U H [ H R H
4 H O H Y H Z O [ Y H ; L S H U N H U H ; H T P S 5 H K \
/ H Y ` H U H < [ [ H Y 7 Y H K L Z O > L Z [ ) L U N H S H U K
2 L Y H S H 0 [ N P ] L Z [ O L T H U L K N L V ] L Y V [ O L Y Y L N P V U Z
; O L ] H Y P H [ P V U P U [ O L Z J V Y L Z V M [ O L [ V W U P U L Z [ H [ L Z P Z
L _ W S H P U L K I ` [ O L P Y W L Y M V Y T H U J L V U V [ O L Y W H Y H T L [ L Y Z
V M R U V ^ S L K N L K P H \ Z P V U Z \ J O H Z O P N O H U K T L K P \ T [ L J O
T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 Z H U K J P [ H [ P V U Z V M H J H K L T P J
W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z
9 L N P V U Z [ O H [ V \ [ W L Y M V Y T [ O L P Y W L L Y Z P U R U V ^ S L K N L
^ V Y R L Y Z U H T L S ` : P R R P T . V H / P T H J O H S 7 Y H K L Z O
+ L S O P H U K * O H U K P N H Y O H Y L L _ W L J [ L K [ V V \ [ W L Y M V Y T P U
R U V ^ S L K N L V \ [ W \ [ H U K K P H \ Z P V U H Z ^ L S S / V ^ L ] L Y T V Z [
V M [ O L Z L Y L N P V U Z L P [ O L Y V \ [ W L Y M V Y T I ` H Z T H S S T H Y N P U V Y
\ U K L Y W L Y M V Y T
0 [ P Z Z \ Y W Y P Z P U N [ O H [ [ ^ V S V ^ P U J V T L Z [ H [ L Z < [ [ H Y 7 Y H K L Z O
H U K 6 K P Z O H T H R L P [ [ V [ O L N Y V \ W V M V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T L Y Z
; O L Z L Z [ H [ L Z J H U Z L Y ] L H Z Y V S L T V K L S Z M V Y V [ O L Y S V ^
P U J V T L Z [ H [ L Z H Z [ O L ` Y L L J [ O V ^ Y L Z V \ Y J L Z J H U I L \ Z L K
T V Y L L I J P L U [ S `
KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION
Figure 8.17: Over-performing and under-performing states
G
U
J
A
R
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R
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J
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S
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M
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) / ( , 3 1 # . " # ! ( & . , , ( ! - , ) ' T f l : n n m g e i g l h . ) j k : n f g n e j n e n :
z N J X N 8 @ N @ 8 S x 8 N N @ S @ @ @ N N V 8 7 V 8 N @ u J ( 5 8 5 N @ N N @
Pillar-level Analysis

56
SCORES: INDIA
INNOVATION INDEX 201

5757
STATE
PROFILES

5858
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Rank: 10
0 u N J 0.54
! N 8 u J Major States

59
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! 5 8 N n u @ @
Rajasthan
India
Rank: 13 | 0 u N J 0.68 | ! N 8 u J Major States
149

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ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
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,


! 5 8 N n u @ @
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
India
Rank: 7 | 0 u N J 0.9 | ! N 8 u J UT / City States / Small States
189

190190
DAMAN & DIU
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W Y V ] P K L [ O L I L Z [ L U H I S P U N J V U K P [ P V U Z M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U
; O L Y Z [ X \ H K Y H U [ Z O V ^ Z [ O L Z [ H [ L Z ^ O P J O W Y V ] P K L O P N O L Y
L U H I S P U N M H J [ V Y Z M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U [ O H U [ O L U H [ P V U H S H ] L Y H N L
H U K O H ] L H S Z V I L L U H I S L [ V H J O P L ] L O P N O L Y W L Y M V Y T H U J L
[ O H U [ O L U H [ P V U H S H ] L Y H N L ; O L Z L J V U K X \ H K Y H U [ ^ O P J O
O H Z V U S ` [ O Y L L Z [ H [ L Z < [ [ H Y 7 Y H K L Z O > L Z [ ) L U N H S
H U K ; L S H U N H U H H Y L [ O L V U L Z [ O H [ O H ] L U V [ I L L U H I S L
[ V W Y V ] P K L Z [ Y V U N L U H I S P U N J V U K P [ P V U Z I \ [ O H ] L I L L U
W L Y M V Y T P U N O P N O L Y [ O H U [ O L U H [ P V U H S H ] L Y H N L ; O L [ O P Y K
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V M Z [ H [ L Z H Y L [ O L J H \ Z L M V Y T V Z [ J V U J L Y U
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P U W \ [ W P S S H Y Z P Z ^ L H R
Figure 10.1: 0 u X n N X N N @

204
; O L Z [ H [ L P Z Y H U R L K [ O V \ [ V M [ O L T H Q V Y Z [ H [ L Z
Z J V Y P U N I L S V ^ H ] L Y H N L V U H S S [ O L ] L P U W \ [ W P S S H Y Z
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P U [ V M V \ Y N Y V \ W Z I H Z L K V U [ O L P Y P U U V ] H [ P V U Z J V Y L Z
: \ J O H U H W W Y V H J O O L S W Z P U J V T W H Y P U N Z [ H [ L Z H T V U N
[ O L P Y P U U V ] H [ P V U W L L Y Z ; O P Z P Z P S S \ Z [ Y H [ L K P U - P N \ Y L
I L S V ^ ^ O L Y L Z [ H [ L Z H Y L K P ] P K L K P U [ V M V \ Y [ P L Y Z ^ P [ O ; P L Y
J V U Z P Z [ P U N [ O L T V Z [ P U U V ] H [ P ] L Z [ H [ L Z
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
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SumofEnablersvs.sumofPerformance.ColorshowssumofGDPPercapita.ThemarksarelabeledbyState.DetailsareshownforState.0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
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Average
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6 K H H W
31,199 224,138
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SumofEnablersvs.sumofPerformance.ColorshowssumofGDPPercapita.ThemarksarelabeledbyState.DetailsareshownforState.
Figure 10.2: 0 u X n N X N N @ ! 5 8 o N z N n 8
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Figure 10.3: 0 u X n N X N N @ @ X n N 8 @

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; O L N \ Y L Z O V ^ Z [ O H [ [ O L Y L P Z H N L U L Y H S K V ^ U ^ H Y K [ Y L U K P U
L I J P L U J ` H Z P U U V ] H [ P ] L J H W H J P [ P L Z Y L K \ J L " [ O H [ P Z [ O L T V Z [
P U U V ] H [ P ] L Z [ H [ L Z H Y L H S Z V [ O L V U L Z [ O H [ H Y L O P N O S ` L I J P L U [
P U J V U ] L Y [ P U N [ O L P Y L U H I S P U N M H J [ V Y Z P U [ V W L Y M V Y T H U J L
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I L [ [ L Y V U P U U V ] H [ P V U P M [ O L ` ^ V Y R V U W Y V ] P K P U N I L [ [ L Y
L U H I S P U N J V U K P [ P V U Z H Z [ O L ` H Y L O P N O S ` L I J P L U [ P U K V P U N Z V
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Innovation
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206
; O L Y L P Z H S V [ V M L ] P K L U J L [ V Z \ N N L Z [ [ O H [ J S \ Z [ L Y Z
W Y V ] P K L H U L U ] P Y V U T L U [ J V U K \ J P ] L [ V P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K
R U V ^ S L K N L J Y L H [ P V U ; O P Z [ Y L U K P Z H S Z V V I Z L Y ] L K P U
0 U K P H 9 L N P V U Z [ O H [ O H ] L H Z [ Y V U N J S \ Z [ L Y W V Y [ M V S P V
H S Z V W L Y M V Y T I L [ [ L Y V U P U U V ] H [ P V U ; O P Z P Z Z O V ^ U P U
[ O L N \ Y L I L S V ^ ; O L N \ Y L Z O V ^ Z [ O L Y L S H [ P V U Z O P W
I L [ ^ L L U P U U V ] H [ P V U H U K J S \ Z [ L Y Z [ Y L U N [ O * S \ Z [ L Y
Z [ Y L U N [ O P Z H T L H Z \ Y L V M [ O L W Y L Z L U J L H U K N Y V ^ [ O V M
J S \ Z [ L Y Z P U H Y L N P V U ; O L P U K P J H [ V Y M V Y J S \ Z [ L Y Z [ Y L U N [ O
P Z [ H R L U M Y V T [ O L Y L W V Y [ * S \ Z [ L Y Z ! ; O L + Y P ] L Y Z V M
* V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z ^ O P J O ^ H Z J V T W P S L K I ` [ O L 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ L
M V Y * V T W L [ P [ P ] L U L Z Z 0 U K P H M V Y , ( * 7 4
0 [ P Z I H J R L K I ` [ O L [ O L V Y ` [ O H [ [ O L W Y L Z L U J L V M Y T Z
P U J S \ Z [ L Y Z V H L Y Z [ O L T H K ] H U [ H N L Z P U W L Y J L P ] P U N U L ^
[ L J O U V S V N P J H S V W L Y H [ P U N V Y K L S P ] L Y ` W V Z Z P I P S P [ P L Z
( Z J V T W H Y L K [ V H U P Z V S H [ L K Y T Y T Z P U [ O L J S \ Z [ L Y
O H ] L I L [ [ L Y H J J L Z Z [ V P U Z P N O [ Z P U [ V U L ^ [ L J O U V S V N `
J V T W V U L U [ H U K T H J O P U L Y ` H ] H P S H I P S P [ ` Z L Y ] P J L
H U K T H Y R L [ P U N J V U J L W [ Z - P Y T Z ^ P [ O P U [ O L J S \ Z [ L Y Z
J H U Z V \ Y J L U L ^ T H J O P U L Y ` H U K J V T W V U L U [ Z T V Y L
Y H W P K S ` 4 V Z [ S ` J S \ Z [ L Y Z H S Z V P U J S \ K L \ W Z [ Y L H T
T H U \ M H J [ \ Y L Y Z H U K Z \ W W S P L Y Z Z V [ O L ` J H U H S Z V I L
J S V Z L S ` P U ] V S ] L K P U [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U W Y V J L Z Z T H R P U N P [
L H Z ` ; O L U L ^ Z W L J P H S P a L K Z [ H H [ O H [ P Z Y L X \ P Y L K M V Y [ O L
U L ^ H W W Y V H J O L Z J H U V M [ L U I L Y L J Y \ P [ L K S V J H S S ` H U K
J V T W S L T L U [ H Y P [ P L Z P U ] V S ] L K P U P U U V ] H [ P V U H Y L T V Y L
L H Z P S ` H J O P L ] L K
0 U Z O V Y [ J S \ Z [ L Y Z J V U [ Y P I \ [ L [ V P U U V ] H [ P V U P U [ O L
M V S S V ^ P U N ^ H ` Z !
z I ` W Y V ] P K P U N L H Z P L Y H U K M H Z [ L Y H J J L Z Z [ V U L ^
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z I ` W Y V J L L K P U N M H Z [ L Y ^ P [ O P U U V ] H [ P V U Z K \ L [ V [ O L
W Y V _ P T P [ ` V M W V [ L U [ P H S Z \ W W S P L Y Z
z I ` T H R P U N [ O L Z L Y ] P J L Z V M Z W L J P H S P a L K
W Y V M L Z Z P V U H S Z L H Z P S ` H ] H P S H I S L
z I ` P K L U [ P M ` P U N U L ^ [ L J O U V S V N P J H S V W L Y H [ P U N H U K
K L S P ] L Y ` V W W V Y [ \ U P [ P L Z
z I ` K P Y L J [ V I Z L Y ] H [ P V U V M V [ O L Y Y T Z
CLUSTERS & INNOVATION
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G
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J
Average
Averaage

207
The India Innovation Index helps in identifying and
W Y P V Y P [ P a P U N P Z Z \ L Z I ` T L H Z \ Y P U N I V [ O H Z [ H [ L Z H I Z V S \ [ L
W L Y M V Y T H U J L H Z ^ L S S H Z P [ Z W L Y M V Y T H U J L Y L S H [ P ] L [ V Z [ H [ L Z
H [ H Z P T P S H Y S L ] L S V M P U J V T L ; O L Z L H I Z V S \ [ L H U K Y L S H [ P ] L
Y L Z \ S [ Z L U H I S L Z [ H [ L Z [ V U V [ V U S ` H Z Z L Z Z [ O L P Y V ^ U H Y L H Z
V M Z [ Y L U N [ O Z H U K ^ L H R U L Z Z L Z I \ [ H S Z V [ V P K L U [ P M ` V [ O L Y
Z [ H [ L Z [ O H [ T H ` Z L Y ] L H Z Y V S L T V K L S Z
; O L T H P U S L H Y U P U N Z M Y V T [ O L P U K L _ H Y L !
At any tier of innovation, states can learn from their
peers and improve their innovative capacity, as the
performance of states is not necessarily similar on all
facets of innovation.
The India Innovation Index is calculated in a way that
U V [ V U S ` W Y V ] P K L Z \ Z ^ P [ O V ] L Y H S S Z J V Y L Z I \ [ H S Z V O L S W Z
P K L U [ P M ` W Y P V Y P [ ` H Y L H Z M V Y Y L N P V U Z I ` W Y V ] P K P U N Z J V Y L Z M V Y
L ] L Y ` K P T L U Z P V U H U K W P S S H Y ; O L Z J V Y L Z Y L ] L H S [ O H [ [ O L Y L
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T H ` U L L K [ V S L H Y U M Y V T V [ O L Y Z [ H [ L Z
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Y H I S L S L ] L S Z V M W L Y M V Y T H U J L P Z U V [ ^ P [ O P U Y L H J O M V Y
H S S Z [ H [ L Z - P N \ Y L W \ [ Z [ O P Z P U W L Y Z W L J [ P ] L ; O L
Z J V Y L Z V M [ O L [ V W M V \ Y Z [ H [ L Z H Y L ^ P [ O P U J V T W H Y H I S L
Y H U N L V U P U U V ] H [ P V U I \ [ ] H Y ` Z P N U P J H U [ S ` H J Y V Z Z [ O L
Z L ] L U J V T W V U L U [ Z + L S O P V \ [ W L Y M V Y T Z [ O L V [ O L Y [ O Y L L
Z [ H [ L Z V U ] L J V T W V U L U [ Z ^ O P S L 2 H Y U H [ H R H Z L [ Z H U
L _ H T W S L I ` W Y V ] P K P U N I L [ [ L Y K P H \ Z P V U V M R U V ^ S L K N L
; O P Z O V S K Z [ Y \ L U V [ V U S ` M V Y I L Z [ W L Y M V Y T L Y Z I \ [ H S Z V
M V Y S V ^ W L Y M V Y T P U N Z [ H [ L Z ( U K O Y H 7 Y H K L Z O W Y V ] P K L Z
H W L Y M L J [ L _ H T W S L ; O L Z [ H [ L V ] L Y W L Y M V Y T Z Y L S H [ P ] L
[ V P [ Z W L L Y Z V U H S T V Z [ H S S H Z W L J [ Z V M L U H I S L Y Z ; O P Z
P Z Y L L J [ P ] L V M [ O L M H J [ [ O H [ [ O L Z [ H [ L O H Z U L J L Z Z H Y `
P U M Y H Z [ Y \ J [ \ Y L P U W S H J L M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U ) \ [ P [ \ U K L Y
W L Y M V Y T Z V U H S T V Z [ H S S H Z W L J [ Z V M W L Y M V Y T H U J L 0 [ P Z
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Figure 11.1: Comparing Country Leaders

208
At the National Level
Despite all the challenges the national system of
P U U V ] H [ P V U O H Z W L Y M V Y T L K ^ L S S P U 0 U K P H ( M L ^ Z [ L W Z [ O H [
J H U I L [ H R L U [ V P T W Y V ] L P [ M \ Y [ O L Y P U J S \ K L !
z 0 [ P Z P T W V Y [ H U [ M V Y [ O L J V \ U [ Y ` [ V P T W Y V ] L [ O L X \ H S P [ `
V M [ O L O \ T H U Y L Z V \ Y J L Z P U V Y K L Y [ V [ H R L H K ] H U [ H N L V M
[ O L ^ V Y R M V Y J L ; O P Z J H U I L K V U L I ` !
{ 7 Y V ] P K P U N H W S H [ M V Y T [ V P U K \ Z [ Y ` H U K H J H K L T P H
[ V J V T L [ V N L [ O L Y [ V K L Z P N U Z ` S S H I \ Z J \ Y Y P J \ S \ T Z
[ V N L [ O L Y [ V L U O H U J L [ O L L T W S V ` H I P S P [ ` V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z
{ - V J \ Z P U N V U [ O L X \ H S P [ ` V M L K \ J H [ P V U P T W H Y [ L K
I ` [ O L W Y V M L Z Z V Y Z ; O P Z ^ P S S U V [ V U S ` P T W Y V ] L [ O L
X \ H S P [ ` V M O \ T H U J H W P [ H S I \ [ H S Z V N P ] L W Y V M L Z Z V Y Z
[ P T L [ V M V J \ Z V U Y L Z L H Y J O
{ , U J V \ Y H N P U N \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z [ V J Y L H [ L 9 L Z L H Y J O
( Z Z P Z [ H U [ W V Z P [ P V U Z [ V I V V Z [ Y L Z L H Y J O H [ [ O L
W V Z [ N Y H K \ H [ L S L ] L S P U 0 U K P H
{ ( S S V ^ P U N [ H R P U N V M Z H I I H [ P J H S Z [ V Y \ U Z [ H Y [ \ W Z
H J H K L T P H [ V J V U K \ J [ Y L Z L H Y J O L [ J
z ( J V S S H I V Y H [ P ] L W S H [ M V Y T O H ] P U N H S S Z [ H R L O V S K L Y Z V U
I V H Y K P U U V ] H [ V Y Z Y L Z L H Y J O L Y Z H U K P U ] L Z [ V Y Z M Y V T
[ O L P U K \ Z [ Y ` Z O V \ S K I L K L ] L S V W L K ; O P Z ^ P S S O L S W
Z [ Y L U N [ O L U P U K \ Z [ Y ` H J H K L T P H S P U R H N L Z H U K ^ P S S L H Z L
[ O L W Y V J L Z Z V M [ L J O U V S V N ` [ Y H U Z M L Y I ` W Y V ] P K P U N H
W S H [ M V Y T M V Y P U U V ] H [ V Y Z [ V Z O V ^ J H Z L [ O L P Y P U ] L U [ P V U Z
; O P Z P Z P T W V Y [ H U [ I L J H \ Z L T H U ` [ P T L Z \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
^ V Y R V U [ O L Z H T L P Z Z \ L ^ P [ O V \ [ P U [ L Y H J [ P U N ^ P [ O
V U L V [ O L Y ^ O P J O M H P S Z [ V J Y L H [ L J Y \ J P H S Z ` U L Y N `
L H L J [ Z - \ Y [ O L Y [ O L Y L H Y L T H U ` Y L Z L H Y J O P K L H Z [ O H [
H J H K L T P J P H U Z ^ V Y R V U [ O H [ H Y L U V [ J V T T L Y J P H S S `
] P H I S L I L J H \ Z L V M ^ O P J O [ O L P U K \ Z [ Y ` Z O V ^ Z U V
P U [ L Y L Z [ P U P U ] L Z [ P U N ; O L Y L M V Y L H \ [ O V Y P [ P L Z J H U W S H `
H U P T W V Y [ H U [ Y V S L P U J O H U U L S P Z P U N R U V ^ S L K N L J Y L H [ P V U
H U K K P Z Z L T P U H [ P V U P U [ O L Y P N O [ K P Y L J [ P V U
z ( S S [ O L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z Z O V \ S K ^ V Y R [ V ^ H Y K Z J Y L H [ P U N H U
0 7 W V S P J ` ; O L ` J H U Z [ \ K ` [ O L 0 7 W V S P J P L Z M V Y I L Z [
W Y H J [ P J L Z
At the State Level
z : [ H [ L Z Z O V \ S K P K L U [ P M ` [ O L J S \ Z [ L Y Z W Y L Z L U [ H U K [ O L U
Z [ Y L U N [ O L U [ O L S P U R H N L Z I L [ ^ L L U [ O L T [ V T H R L [ O L T
T V Y L P U U V ] H [ P ] L
z : [ H [ L Z Z O V \ S K M V J \ Z T V Y L V U R P J R Z [ H Y [ P U N H U
L J V Z ` Z [ L T V M Y L Z L H Y J O H U K K L ] L S V W T L U [
z : [ H [ L Z Z O V \ S K L U J V \ Y H N L J Y V Z Z Z O H Y P U N V M P K L H Z M V Y
Z J H S L H [ I V [ O [ O L U H [ P V U H S H U K P U [ L Y U H [ P V U H S S L ] L S
ANDHRAPRADESH
Howtoreadthescorecard:Allthevaluesarescoresonascaleof0-100.So,higherscorerepresentsbetterperformance.Forinstance,ascoreof97onpupilteacherratiowilldepicthighscoreoftheindicator.
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Ease of Doing Business-Implementation Score 100
Internet subscribers in the state 19.67
Number of Common Facility Centers 4.13
Number of incubator centers in state 11.4
Number of Industrial clusters 5.87
Total number of online services transaction 41.07
Expenditure on Science, Technology & Environment 2.25
FDI inflow 18.94
State govt. expenditure on higher & technical education3.42
Venture capital deals 0
Enrolment in Ph.D 15.06
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
above
8.89
Number of students in engineering and technology 65.79
Percentage colleges connected through NMEICT 30.51
Percentage of schools with ICT labs 19.91
Pupil teacher ratio-higher education 86
( Q D E O H U V 3 H U I R U P D Q F H
Knowledge-intensive employment 12.33
Number of NGO’s involved in knowledge intensive areas5.9
Number of R&D institutions funded by state 34.96
Private R&D units in state 35.86
Industrial designs by origin 0.16
Number of grass root innovations in state 1.67
Number of publications by state universities 8.65
Number of startups in the state 11.44
Patents filed from state 8.74
Trademark application filed 1.52
High and medium-high-tech manufacturing entities12.91
ICT exports 0.62
Number of citations 6.68
Number of registered GI 46.15
Overperforming
Performing within expected range
Underperforming
+ X P D Q & D S L W D O
, Q Y H V W P H Q W
. Q R Z O H G J H : R U N H U V
% X V L Q H V V ( Q Y L U R Q P H Q W
. Q R Z O H G J H 2 X W S X W
. Q R Z O H G J H ' L I I X V L R Q
Strength and Weakness is relative to 10 states with similar GDP
India Innovation Index
201
, Q Q R Y D W L R Q
ANDHRA PRADESH
6 D I H W \ / H J D O ( Q Y L U R Q P H Q W
Information Technology/Intellectual Property Acts 53.85
Number of cyber cells and social media monitoring cells0.38
Pendency of court cases 21.23
Figure 11.2: Scorecard of Andhra Pradesh

209
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highlighted the challenges faced by the Indian education
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M V Y P U U V ] H [ P V U
Quality of Human Capital
( R L ` M V J \ Z V M [ O L K P Z J \ Z Z P V U ^ H Z [ O L X \ H S P [ ` V M [ O L O P N O L Y
L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ L Z H U K [ O L P Y P T W H J [ V U O \ T H U J H W P [ H S
The panelists highlighted two main challenges faced by
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Innovative Capacity, Economic Development and
Regional Competitiveness
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z ( Y L N P V U H S H U H S ` Z P Z [ O H [ ^ P S S O P N O S P N O [ [ O L Z [ Y L U N [ O Z
and weaknesses of the Indian states and the way
[ O L ` J H U J S P T I [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U S H K K L Y Z O V \ S K I L
J V U K \ J [ L K
Industry-Academia Linkages:
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Z [ Y V U N P U K \ Z [ Y ` H J H K L T P H S P U R H N L Z / V ^ L ] L Y
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India’s IP Regime
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[ Y H U Z W H Y L U J ` H U K W Y L K P J [ H I P S P [ `
Regulatory Framework
7 H Y [ P J P W H U [ Z M Y V T I V [ O H J H K L T P H H U K P U K \ Z [ Y ` H N Y L L K [ O H [
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INNOVATION FOR PROSPERITY

210
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L _ O H \ Z [ P ] L L U V \ N O ( U ` M Y H T L ^ V Y R V Y T V K L S Y L W Y L Z L U [ P U N
P U U V ] H [ P V U J H W H I P S P [ P L Z Y L T H P U Z H [ I L Z [ H Z P T W S P L K
Y L W Y L Z L U [ H [ P V U V M Y L H S P [ ` ; O L L Z Z L U J L V M [ O P Z L _ [ L U K Z
I L ` V U K H U ` Z P U N S L T L [ Y P J ; O L 0 U K P H 0 U U V ] H [ P V U 0 U K L _ 0 0 0
M Y H T L ^ V Y R H [ [ L T W [ Z [ V P K L U [ P M ` [ O L P U U V ] H [ P V U L J V Z ` Z [ L T
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W L Y M V Y T H U J L
THE WAY FORWARD12 |

211
5 5 t J X N 8 N @ @ V 8 @
Dimension Indicator name + L U P [ P V U Source
Enablers
Human Capital
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labs
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ing and technology
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lakh of population)
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Technology
APPENDIX

212
Business
Environment
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in state
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population)
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with investment in plant and ma
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the state
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academic publications by institutes
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- Y H T L ^ V Y R

213
Indicator name/ III Year
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= L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 2018
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, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L 2018
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z2018
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z2018
; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L 2018
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 2018
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 2018
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z 2018
5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 2018
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z 2018
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 2018
0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z2018
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 2018
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 2018
5 5 t J ( N n N u

214
5 5 t ! J X n 8 N X N 8 @
Inverted Indicators
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z

215
5 5 t ( J N @
Indicator Name Weight
Human Capital
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N `
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment
= L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
Knowledge Workers
7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
Business Environment
; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
Safety & Legal Environment
0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
Knowledge Output
5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U
0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z

216
5 5 t 0 J @ N 8 @ N n ! @ 8 @
Indicator Name Best case Worst case
Human Capital
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` 0
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O + 0
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L24 0
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U10
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;44 0
Investment
= L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U 0
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0
- + 0 P U V ^ Z 0
Knowledge Workers
7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 0
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z 0
Business Environment
; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L 0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
Safety & Legal Environment
0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z 0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
Knowledge Output
5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L 0
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 0
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U
0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0

217
5 5 t I J ( @ 8 8 @
Dimen-
sion
Pillar
Dimen-
sion
Pillar
States/Year
En-
ablers
Human
Capital
Invest-
ment
Knowl-
edge
Workers
Busi-
ness
Envi-
ron-
ment
Safety
& Legal
Envi-
ron-
ment
Perfor-
mance
Knowl-
edge
Output
Knowl-
edge
+ P H \-
sion
ANDHRA PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ASSAM
BIHAR
CHHATTISGARH
DELHI
GOA
GUJARAT
HARYANA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JHARKHAND
KARNATAKA
KERALA
MADHYA PRADESH
MAHARASHTRA
MANIPUR
MEGHALAYA
MIZORAM
NAGALAND
ODISHA
PUNJAB
RAJASTHAN
SIKKIM
TAMIL NADU
TELANGANA
TRIPURA
UTTARAKHAND
UTTAR PRADESH
WEST BENGAL
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR
ISLANDS

CHANDIGARH
DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI

DAMAN & DIU
LAKSHADWEEP
PUDUCHERRY

218
5 5 t J J 8 J 8 V 5 @
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : /
+ , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 7 < 5 1 ( ) ) 0
/ ( 9 6 + 0 : / ( * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : /
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + : 0 2 2 0 4 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9
/ ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0
( : : ( 4
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 / 0 4 ( * / ( 3
7 9 ( + , : / 6 + 0 : / ( ) 0 / ( 9 . 6 ( ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 7 < 5 1 ( )
) 0 / ( 9
6 + 0 : / ( 7 < 5 1 ( ) * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / ( :
: ( 4 2 , 9 ( 3 ( < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 (
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + ( : : ( 4 < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 6 + 0 : / ( ) 0 / ( 9 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 / 0 4 ( * /
( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 7 < 5 1 ( ) . 6 ( ; 9 0 7 < 9 (
+ , 3 / 0
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 9 ( 1 ( :
; / ( 5 7 < 5 1 ( ) ) 0 / ( 9 6 + 0 : / ( * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
. 6 (
; 9 0 7 < 9 ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( 5 0
7 < 9 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + : 0 2 2 0 4 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + :
. < 1 ( 9 ( ;
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 ( 5 + / 9 (
7 9 ( + , : / + , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : /
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 (
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 2 , 9 ( 3 ( ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 7 < 5 1 ( ) + , 3 / 0 ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / ) 0
/ ( 9 6 + 0 : / ( 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : /
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 . 6 ( < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 4 , . / (
3 ( @ ( 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( : : ( 4
1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9
/ 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / . 6 ( < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 4 , . / (
3 ( @ ( 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( : : ( 4
1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 +
* / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / ( : : ( 4 < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 6 + 0 : / ( 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 / 0 4 ( * / ( 3
7 9 ( + , : / ) 0 / ( 9 7 < 5 1 ( ) . 6 ( ; 9 0 7 < 9 (
2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 (
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; < ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 ( 5 + / 9 (
7 9 ( + , : / + , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : /
2 , 9 ( 3 (
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( + , 3 / 0 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 9 ( 1 ( :
; / ( 5 7 < 5 1 ( ) ) 0 / ( 9 6 + 0 : / ( * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : /
/ ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( + , 3 / 0 7 < 5 1 ( ) ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / ) 0 / ( 9 6 + 0 :
/ ( 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 (
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < < ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / . < 1 ( 9 ( ; 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 9 ( 1 ( :
; / ( 5 ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / + , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 (
4 ( 5 0 7 < 9
( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + : 0 2 2 0 4 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 , . / (
3 ( @ ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 ; 9 0
7 < 9 (
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ (
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 5 ( . (
3 ( 5 + : 0 2 2 0 4 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0
4 0 A 6 9 ( 4
: 0 2 2 0 4 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9
0 : 3 ( 5 + : 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( + ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < 3 ( 2
: / ( + > , , 7
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 +
: 0 2 2 0 4 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 , . / (
3 ( @ ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 + (
4 ( 5 + 0 <
6 + 0 : / (
) 0 / ( 9 7 < 5 1 ( ) * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( ( : : ( 4 4 ( + / @ (
7 9 ( + , : / < ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 + 2 , 9 ( 3 ( ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 (
7 < 5 1 ( )
) 0 / ( 9 6 + 0 : / ( / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / 2 , 9 ( 3 ( * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 / ; , 3 ( 5 . (
5 ( 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + + , 3 / 0 ( : : ( 4
9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5
( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / + , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / / ( 9 @
( 5 ( 7 < 5 1 ( ) 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( ) 0 / ( 9 6 + 0 : / (

219
: 0 2 2 0 4
5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 , . / (
3 ( @ ( ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / + (
4 ( 5 + 0 <
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + <
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / . < 1 ( 9 ( ; > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 ( 5 + / 9 (
7 9 ( + , : / + , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : /
; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 (
2 , 9 ( 3 ( + , 3 / 0 ( 5 + / 9 ( 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : / / ( 9 @ ( 5 ( 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 7 < 5
1 ( ) ) 0 / ( 9 6 + 0 : / ( * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
; 9 0 7 < 9 (
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 5 ( . (
3 ( 5 + : 0 2 2 0 4 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 . 6 ( ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + :
< ; ; ( 9 ( 2 / ( 5 +
( : : ( 4 1 / ( 9 2 / ( 5 + 1 ( 4 4 < 2 ( : / 4 0 9 / 0 4 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / * / / ( ; ; 0 : . ( 9 /
. 6 ( ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @
< ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : /
. < 1 ( 9 ( ; ; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( > , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 ( 5 + / 9 (
7 9 ( + , : / + , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ( + / @ ( 7 9 ( + , : /
> , : ; ) , 5 . ( 3
; ( 4 0 3 5 ( + < < ; ; ( 9 7 9 ( + , : / . < 1 ( 9 ( ; 2 ( 9 5 ( ; ( 2 ( 9 ( 1 ( : ; / ( 5 ( 5 + / 9 (
7 9 ( + , : / + , 3 / 0 ; , 3 ( 5 . ( 5 ( 2 , 9 ( 3 ( 4 ( / ( 9 ( : / ; 9 (
( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + :
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 + ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 : 0 2 2 0 4 5 ( . (
3 ( 5 + 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ (
* / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 /
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 5 ( . (
3 ( 5 + : 0 2 2 0 4 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : . 6 (
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 : 0 2
2 0 4 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ (
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 <
+ ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7 ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6
) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 : 0 2 2 0 4 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3
7 9 ( + , : / 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ (
3 ( 2 : / ( + > , , 7
+ ( 4 ( 5 + 0 < + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0 ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6
) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 : 0 2 2 0 4 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3
7 9 ( + , : / 7 < + < * / , 9 9 @ 4 , . / ( 3 ( @ (
7 < + < * / , 9 9 @
4 , . / ( 3 ( @ ( ( 9 < 5 ( * / ( 3 7 9 ( + , : / 4 ( 5 0 7 < 9 * / ( 5 + 0 . ( 9 / 5 ( . ( 3 ( 5 + : 0 2
2 0 4 4 0 A 6 9 ( 4 ; 9 0 7 < 9 ( ( 5 + ( 4 ( 5 5 0 * 6 ) ( 9 0 : 3 ( 5 + : + ( + 9 ( 5 ( . ( 9 / ( = , 3 0

220
5 5 t R J o ( N @
ANDHRA PRADESH
Pillars Indicators
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N `
H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S

, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U18
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ L Y Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [
0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z
9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z

5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 18
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

221
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Pillars Indicators
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U29
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;0
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z 5 (
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 0
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 1
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

222
ASSAM
Pillars Indicators
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U29
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U0
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

223
BIHAR
Pillars Indicators
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [0
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z1080
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 11
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

224
CHHATTISGARH
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 5
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

225
DELHI
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U24
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 1
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

226
GOA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U15
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 5 (
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 1
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 4488
5 ( + H [ H U V [ H ] H P S H I S L
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

227
GUJARAT
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U8882
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z1204
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

228
HARYANA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U25
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z805
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 1
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 905
5 ( + H [ H U V [ H ] H P S H I S L
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

229
HIMACHAL PRADESH
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

230
JAMMU & KASHMIR
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 8
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

231
JHARKHAND
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [0
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

232
KARNATAKA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

233
KERALA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U15
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 29525
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

234
MADHYA PRADESH
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 9
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

235
MAHARASHTRA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U22
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

236
MANIPUR
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U29
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 0
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 4
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

237
MEGHALAYA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 0
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L 0
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 0
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z1200
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 2
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

238
MIZORAM
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U14
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L0
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 1
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

239
NAGALAND
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 0
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z 5 (
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 5 (
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

240
ODISHA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z11404
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 15
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

241
PUNJAB
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U20
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 2
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 40285
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

242
RAJASTHAN
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 14
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 22825
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

243
SIKKIM
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U14
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L0
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L 0
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 5 (
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 1
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
5 ( + H [ H U V [ H ] H P S H I S L
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

244
TAMIL NADU
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U15
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 28
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

245
TELANGANA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U18
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 14
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 48411
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

246
TRIPURA
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U28
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 0
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 5 (
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

247
UTTAR PRADESH
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U58
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

248
UTTARAKHAND
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U24
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 1
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

249
WEST BENGAL
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L ,
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 21
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

250
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U18
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 5 (
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 0
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 5 (
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 5 (
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

251
CHANDIGARH
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U22
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 5 (
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 5 (
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

252
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z 24
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O + 5 (
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L0
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U28
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 5 (
- + 0 P U V ^ Z 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 5 (
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

253
DAMAN & DIU
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z 21
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O + 5 (
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L0
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U14
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 5 (
- + 0 P U V ^ Z 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 5 (
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L 0
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

254
LAKSHADWEEP
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S 5 (
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O + 5 (
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L0
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U12
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;0
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 5 (
- + 0 P U V ^ Z 5 (
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [ 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z 5 (
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 5 (
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L 5 (
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U 5 (
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z0
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 0
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z 0
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z 0
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 0
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z 0
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

255
PUDUCHERRY
7 P S S H Y Z 0 U K P J H [ V Y Z
/ \ T H U * H W P [ H S 7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M Z J O V V S Z ^ P [ O 0 * ; S H I Z 24
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ \ K L U [ Z P U L U N P U L L Y P U N H U K [ L J O U V S V N ` H [ < . 7 . + P W S V T H S L ] L S
, U Y V S T L U [ P U 7 O +
/ P N O L Y L K \ J H [ P V U P U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z ^ P [ O 5 ( ( * N Y H K L ( H U K H I V ] L
7 \ W P S ; L H J O L Y 9 H [ P V / P N O L Y , K \ J H [ P V U11
7 L Y J L U [ H N L V M J V S S L N L Z J V U U L J [ L K [ O Y V \ N O 5 4 , 0 * ;
Investment = L U [ \ Y L J H W P [ H S K L H S Z 0
: [ H [ L N V ] L Y U T L U [ L _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U O P N O L Y H U K [ L J O U P J H S L K \ J H [ P V U
, _ W L U K P [ \ Y L V U : J P L U J L ; L J O U V S V N ` H U K , U ] P Y V U T L U [
- + 0 P U V ^ Z
2 U V ^ S L K N L > V Y R L Y Z 7 Y P ] H [ L 9 + \ U P [ Z P U Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L L T W S V ` T L U [
5 \ T I L Y V M 5 . 6 Z P U ] V S ] L K P U R U V ^ S L K N L P U [ L U Z P ] L H Y L H Z
5 \ T I L Y V M 9 + 0 U Z [ P [ \ [ P V U Z M \ U K L K I ` : [ H [ L Z < ; Z0
) \ Z P U L Z Z , U ] P Y V U T L U [ ; V [ H S U \ T I L Y V M V U S P U L Z L Y ] P J L Z [ Y H U Z H J [ P V U
, H Z L V M + V P U N ) \ Z P U L Z Z 0 T W S L T L U [ H [ P V U 7 L Y J L U [ H N L
5 \ T I L Y V M P U J \ I H [ V Y J L U [ Y L Z P U Z [ H [ L0
5 \ T I L Y V M P U K \ Z [ Y P H S J S \ Z [ L Y Z 0
0 U [ L Y U L [ Z \ I Z J Y P I L Y Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L 5 (
5 \ T I L Y V M * V T T V U - H J P S P [ ` * L U [ Y L Z 0
: H M L [ ` 3 L N H S , U ] P Y V U T L U [ 0 U M V Y T H [ P V U ; L J O U V S V N ` 0 U [ L S S L J [ \ H S 7 Y V W L Y [ ` Y L S H [ L K ( J [ Z 9 H [ L V M V H L U J L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M J ` I L Y J L S S Z H U K Z V J P H S T L K P H T V U P [ V Y P U N J L S S Z0
7 L U K L U J ` V M J V \ Y [ J H Z L Z 5 (
2 U V ^ S L K N L 6 \ [ W \ [ 5 \ T I L Y V M N Y H Z Z Y V V [ P U U V ] H [ P V U Z P U Z [ H [ L 5 (
7 H [ L U [ Z S L K M Y V T Z [ H [ L
0 U K \ Z [ Y P H S K L Z P N U Z I ` V Y P N P U
; Y H K L T H Y R H W W S P J H [ P V U S L K
5 \ T I L Y V M W \ I S P J H [ P V U Z I ` Z [ H [ L \ U P ] L Y Z P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Z [ H Y [ \ W Z P U [ O L Z [ H [ L
2 U V ^ S L K N L + P H \ Z P V U 0 * ; L _ W V Y [ Z
/ P N O H U K T L K P \ T O P N O [ L J O T H U \ M H J [ \ Y P U N L U [ P [ P L Z
5 \ T I L Y V M Y L N P Z [ L Y L K . 0 2
5 \ T I L Y V M J P [ H [ P V U Z
- V Y K L [ H P S L K K L U P [ P V U V M [ O L P U K P J H [ V Y Z Y L M L Y [ V ( W W L U K P _ (

256
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‘An Overview of Innovation. The Positive Sum Game’
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https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-innovative-countries/
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http://graphics.eiu.com/pdf/cisco_innovation_complete.pdf
( V X n N X t b c
http://www.dubaichamber.com/resources/dubai-innovation-index
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https://www.masstech.org/index
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‘Principal Component Analysis’
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{ N @ N 5 Q t N N 8 u 5 5 N @ |
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‘Making Sense of Cronbach's Alpha’
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Institute for Competitiveness, India is the Indian knot in the global network of the Institute for Strategy and Competi-
tiveness at Harvard Business School. Institute for Competitiveness, India is an international initiative centered in India,
dedicated to enlarging and purposeful disseminating of the body of research and knowledge on competition and strat-
egy, as pioneered over the last 25 years by Professor Michael Porter of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at
Harvard Business School. Institute for Competitiveness, India conducts & supports indigenous research; offers academic
& executive courses; provides advisory services to the Corporate & the Governments and organises events. The institute
studies competition and its implications for company strategy; the competitiveness of nations, regions & cities and thus
generate guidelines for businesses and those in governance; and suggests & provides solutions for socio-economic
problems.
X @ N N V N 8 ! 5 N N n @ @
U 24 / 8, U-24 Road, U Block, DLF Phase 3, Sector 24, Gurugram, Haryana 122022
info@competitiveness.in | www.competitiveness.in
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to the development of
India, partnering industry, Government, and civil society, through advisory and consultative processes.
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India's development process. Founded in 1895, India's premier business association has around 9000 members, from
the private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 300,000 enterprises
from around 265 national and regional sectoral industry bodies.
CII charts change by working closely with Government on policy issues, interfacing with thought leaders, and enhancing
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global linkages. It also provides a platform for consensus-building and networking on key issues.
Industry Association Partner
Knowledge Partner

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