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Sattvika Ashok, S.K. Singh, Rakesh Sarwal, Neena Bhatia, Robert Johnston, William Joe, Esha Sarswat, Purnima Menon, Phuong Hong Nguyen
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No. 56 | SEPTEMBER 2021
State Nutrition Profile: West Bengal
ABOUT THIS DATA NOTE
Figure 1. Trends in undernutrition outcomes
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
2005-2006 2015-2016 2019-2020 India average
23
2
17
2
NA
3
433334 182020 677 403232 615469 392115 636372 635462
0
20
40
60
80
100
Low birth weightStunting WastingSevere wastingUnderweight Anemia Underweight Anemia
(non-pregnant)
Anemia
(pregnant)
%
Undernutrition among children (<5y)Undernutrition among women (15-49y)
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), & NFHS-5 state factsheets (2019-2020).
Note: Adult nutrition outcomes are based on the woman dataset, while child nutrition outcomes are based on all child data.
1
WHO. Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS). Help Topic: Malnutrition in children. Stunting, wasting, overweight and underweight.
(https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape/help.aspx?menu=0&helpid=391&lang=EN);
2
In NFHS-3, 49.3% of data was missing, while 13.9% of data was
missing in NFHS-4.
3
NA refers to the unavailability of data for a particular indicator in the specified NFHS round.
This Data Note describes the trends for a set of key
nutrition and health outcomes, determinants, and
coverage of interventions. The findings here are based
on data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
3 (2005-2006), 4 (2015-2016) and 5 (2019-2020). In
addition to standard prevalence-based analyses, this
Data Note includes headcount-based analyses, aligned
to the POSHAN Abhiyaanmonitoring framework and
using data from NFHS-5 to provide evidence that helps
identify priority districts and number of districts in the
state with public health concern as per the WHO
guidelines
1
. The Data Note includes a color-coded
dashboard to compare the coverage of nutrition
interventions across all the districts in the state. It
concludes with key takeaways for children, women &
men and identifies areas where the state has potential
to improve.
WEST BENGAL No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
Map 1 & 2. Number of stunted & anemic children <5y, 2019-2020
Source: IFPRI estimates -The headcount was calculated as the product of the undernutrition prevalence and the total eligible projected population for each district
in 2019. Prevalence estimates were obtained from NFHS-5 (2019-2020; all child data) and projected population for 2019 was estimated using Census 2011.
Note: The newly formed districts, for which no spatial boundaries were available, were not depicted on the maps.
1
Public health concern is defined as ≥20% for stunting, ≥40% for anemia , ≥10% for wasting, and ≥2% for severe wasting (WHO 2011).
2
The total number of
children <5 years is 6,977,232.
Map 1. Stunting
Map 3. Wasting
Map 2. Anemia
Highest burden districts
1Murshidabad267,553
2South 24 Parganas 250,741
3North 24 Parganas 205,594
4Barddhaman199,000
5Maldah160,360
Highest burden districts
1South 24 Parganas 144,842
2PashchimMedinipur 136,781
3Barddhaman128,086
4Murshidabad109,576
5North 24 Parganas 84,395
Highest burden districts
1Murshidabad435,397
2South 24 Parganas 432,072
3Barddhaman360,982
4North 24 Parganas 330,040
5PashchimMedinipur 267,639
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
Number of stunted
children
2
= 2,432,440
Number of wasted
children
2
= 1,492,609
Number of anemic
children
2
= 4,517,462
Map 3 & 4. Number of wasted children <5y, 2019-2020
Map 4. Severe Wasting
Number of severely wasted
children
2
= 536,898
Highest burden districts
1South 24 Parganas 80,620
2PashchimMedinipur 43,336
3Kolkata37,194
4Barddhaman36,832
5Howrah36,488
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure Map 5 & 6. Number of underweight children (<5y)
& women (15-49y), 2019-2020
Source: IFPRI estimates -The headcount was calculated as the product of the undernutrition prevalence and the total eligible projected population for each district in
2019. Prevalence estimates were obtained from NFHS-5 (2019-2020; all child/woman data) and projected population for 2019 was estimated using Census 2011.
Note: The newly formed districts, for which no spatial boundaries were available, were not depicted on the maps.
1
Public health concern is defined as≥20% for
underweight (children), ≥10% for underweight (women), ≥40% for anemia among non-pregnant women, and ≥40% for anemia among pregnant women (WHO 2011).
2
The total number of children <5 years is 6,977,232, pregnant women 15-49 years is 1,524,627, and non-pregnant women 15-49 years is 26,751,293.
Map 6. Underweight women
Map 7. Anemia among non-pregnant women Map 8. Anemia among pregnant women
Highest burden districts
1Barddhaman426,647
2Murshidabad415,279
3PashchimMedinipur 350,745
4Bankura304,791
5Puruliya283,857
Highest burden districts
1Murshidabad114,422
2North 24 Parganas 93,405
3South 24 Parganas 73,385
4Maldah70,157
5Barddhaman69,254
Highest burden districts
1North 24 Parganas 2,106,259
2Barddhaman1,781,590
3Murshidabad1,627,725
4South 24 Parganas 1,571,494
5PashchimMedinipur 1,521,752
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 17 of 20
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20 No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 16 of 16
Number of underweight
women
2
= 4,367,817
Number of non-pregnant
anemic women
2
= 21,066,371
Number of pregnant anemic
women
2
= 810,586
Map 5. Underweight children
Highest burden districts
1South 24 Parganas 219,996
2Murshidabad217,807
3Barddhaman199,550
4PashchimMedinipur 180,568
5North 24 Parganas 149,753
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
Number of underweight
children
2
= 2,336,061
Map 7 & 8. Number of anemic women (15-49y), 2019-2020
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure Category Outcomes
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Highest burden
districts
(thousands)
4
No of
districts
with public
health
concern
5
(total=20)
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-
2016)
3
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-
2016)
2019-20202019-2020
Children
<5 years
Overweight/
obesity
S 24 Parg
6: +5.2
UttDinaj
6: +4.7
Cooch Behar: -2.0
Dak Dinaj
6: -1.2
S 24 Parg: 47
N 24 Parg
6: 41
0
Women
(15-49 years)
Overweight/
obesity
Murshidabad: +10.4
Maldah: +10.0
Kolkata: -11.5
Howrah: -3.1
N 24 Parg: 850
Hooghly: 616
13
High blood
pressure
S 24 Parg: +9.9
Bankura: +7.6
Dak Dinaj: -1.8
UttDinaj: -1.4
N 24 Parg: 518
S 24 Parg: 483
3
High blood
sugar
Puruliya: +5.3
Dak Dinaj: +5.0
N 24 Parg: -1.7
Hooghly: -1.0
N 24 Parg: 312
Barddhaman: 204
0
Men
(15-54 years)
Overweight
/obesity
Data not available at district-level
High blood
pressure
Howrah: +11.6
Hooghly: +9.0
Kolkata: -9.1
Maldah: -7.0
N 24 Parg: 493
S 24 Parg: 448
6
High blood
sugar
Puruliya: +6.5
UttDinaj: +5.1
Kolkata: -11.0
S 24 Parg: -7.1
N 24 Parg: 427
Barddhaman: 286
0
Figure 2. Trends in overweight/obesity & NCDs
1
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Table 1. Overweight/obesity & NCDs
1
at district-level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
2005-2006 2015-2016 2019-2020 India average
23
4 112023 NA
2
1217 NA89 61516 NA1117 NA128
0
20
40
60
80
100
Overweight/
obesity
Overweight/
obesity
High blood
pressure
High blood
sugar
Overweight/
obesity
High blood
pressure
High blood
sugar
%
Children (<5y)Women (15-49y)Men (15-54y)
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets (2019-2020).pp: percentage points.
Note: Adult nutrition outcomes are based on the woman/man dataset, while child nutrition outcomes are based on all child data.
1
NCDs : non-communicable diseases.
2
NA refers to the unavailability of data for a particular indicator in the specified NFHS round.
3
The difference is calculated
only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim Barddhamanare not
comparable between the time periods.
4
Burden: The headcount was calculated as the product of the overweight/obesity prevalence and the total eligible
projected population for each district in 2019. Prevalence estimates were obtained from NFHS-5 (2019-2020) and projected population for 2019 was estimated
using Census 2011.
5
Public health concern is defined as prevalence ≥15% for overweight/obesity (children), ≥20% for overweight/obesity (women andmen),
≥20% high blood pressure (women and men), and ≥20% high sugar (women and men) (WHO 2011).
6
District codes: S 24 Parg-South 24 Parganas;N 24 Parg
-
North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar Dinajpur. Category
Immediate
determinants
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Top coverage
districts (%)
2
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
1
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2019-2020
IYCF
practices
Early initiation of
breastfeeding
S 24 Parag
3: -14.5
Bankura: -7.1
Pu Medi
3: 30.3
Hooghly: 30.2
Birbhum: 72.0
Nadia: 71.8
Exclusive
breastfeeding
Murshidabad: -10.5
Cooch Behar: -10.1
S 24 Parag:+40.9
Birbhum: +24.3
S 24 Parag: 73.5
UttDinaj
3: 66.4
Timely introduction of
complementary foods
0
Data not available at district-level
Adequate diet
0
Nadia: -14.8
Pa Medi
3: -9.2
Maldah: +18.2
Kolkata: +17.8
Dak Dinaj
3: 34.2
Pu Bard
3: 34.1
Maternal
determinants
Women with BMI<18.5
kg/m2
0
Not applicable
4
Puruliya: -22.0
Pa Medi
3: -14
Kolkata: 6.6
N 24 Parg
3: 6.5
Consumed IFA 100+
days
Not applicable UttDinaj: +53.2
N 24 Parg: +51.8
Dak Dinaj: 76.2
N 24 Parg: 73.3
Diseases
Diarrhea in the last two
weeks
0
Bankura: +7.7
Birbhum: +3.4
Jalpaiguri: -7.0
Dak Dinaj: -6.0
Dak Dinaj: 2.7
N 24 Parg: 2.0
ARI in the last two
weeks
0
Birbhum: +4.3
Nadia, Kolkata: +2.4
Cooch Behar: -5.5
N 24 Parg: -3.5
Pa Medi: 1.4
Hooghly: 0.8
Figure 3. Trends in immediate determinants (%)
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Table 2. Immediate determinants at district-level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets (2019-2020). pp: percentage points.
Note: Immediate determinants are based on the last child data; data on continued breastfeeding at 2 years, egg and/or flesh foods consumption, sweet beverage
consumption, and bottle feeding of infants not available in NFHS-5 factsheets (2019-20)/state report
0
Indicator definition differs slightly between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5;
1
The difference is calculated only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and
2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim Barddhamanare not comparable between the time periods.
2
For all indicators, top coverage
districts refer to the districts with the highest prevalence in immediate determinants, except for women with a BMI of 18.5 kg/m2, diarrhea in the last two weeks,
and ARI in the last two weeks, for which it refers to the districts with the lowest prevalence in coverage.
3
District codes: Pu Medi-PurbaMedinipur, Pa Medi:
Paschim Medinipur; Pu Bard: PurbaBarddhaman; S 24 Parg-South 24 Parganas;N 24 Parg
-
North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar
Dinajpur.
4
Prevalence did not increase or decrease in any of the districts. Category
Underlying
determinants
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Top coverage
districts (%)
2
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
1
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2019-2020
Maternal
determinants
Women who are literate
0
Pu Medi
4
: -9.5
Nadia: -8.6
UttDinaj
4
: +15.3
Purulia: +7.1
Kolkata: 87.6
S 24 Parg
4: 85.6
Women with ≥10 years
education
0
Birbhum: -0.8
Pu Medi: -0.6
S 24 Parg: +16.3
N 24 Parg
4: +11.8
Kolkata: 55.4
Darjeeling: 41.3
Girls 20-24 years married
before age of 18 years
0
Pu Medi: +3.6
Jalpaiguri: -28.0
UttDinaj: -24.9
Jalpaiguri: 18.7
Kolkata: 16.7
Women 15-19 years with
child or pregnant
Pa Medi
4
: +9.4
Cooch Behar: +3.7
Purulia: -9.7
Murshidabad: -8.9
Darjeeling: 6.3
Kolkata: 4.9
Household
determinants
HHs with improved
drinking water source
0
Pu Medi: -11.7
Bankura: -0.4
Maldah: +15.3
Jalpaiguri: +11.5
S 24 Parg: 100
UttDinaj: 99.8
HHs with improved
sanitation facility
0
Not applicable
3
Dak Dinaj: +36.9
UttDinaj: +34.2
Darjeeling: 83.0
N 24 Parg: 80.4
HHs with electricity
0
Pa Medi: -2.4
Kolkata: -0.2
S 24 Parg: +11.8
UttDinaj: +9.5
Kolkata: 99.6
N 24 Parg: 99.5
Figure 4. Trends in underlying determinants (%)
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Table 3. Underlying determinants at district-level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets and state reports (2019-2020).
Note: Underlying determinants are based on the last child data; safe disposal of feces not available in NFHS-5 factsheets (2019-20)/state report and data on HHs
with hand washing facility not available in NFHS-3 (2005-06) and NFHS-5 factsheets (2019-20)/state report. Data on open defecation and HHs with BPL card for
2019-2020 are taken from NFHS-5 state reports.
0
Indicator definition differs slightly between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5.
1
The difference is calculated only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim
Barddhamanare not comparable between the time periods.
2
For all indicators, top coverage districts refer to the districts with the highest prevalence in underlying
determinants, except forgirls 20-24 years married before age of 18 years and women 15-19 years with child or pregnantfor which it refers to the districts with the
lowest prevalence in coverage.
3
Prevalence did not increase or decrease in any of the districts.
4
District codes: Pu Medi-PurbaMedinipur, Pa Medi: Paschim
Medinipur; Pu Bard: PurbaBarddhaman; S 24 Parg-South 24 Parganas;N 24 Parg
-
North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar Dinajpur. Figure 5. Trends in interventions across the first 1000 days (%)
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016) & NFHS-5 state factsheets and state reports (2019-2020).
0Indicator comparable between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 but differs slightly from NFHS-5.
Note 1: Interventions’ coverage is based on the last child data.
Note 2: The following information is not available in the NFHS-5 factsheets and state reports (2019-20): receipt of at least oneANC visit, birth preparedness
counselling, malaria prevention and food supplementation (6-35m). Information on use of bed nets during pregnancy is not available in NFHS-3 data (2006).
Note 3: Data on food supplementation and health and nutrition education during pregnancy and post-natal care, and weight measurement during childhood and
counselling on child growth for 2019-2020 are taken from NFHS-5 state reports.
Note 4: Refer to district dashboard for the inter-district variability in the coverage of interventions. Intervention coverage at district-level, 2019-2020Source: NFHS-5 district & state factsheets (2019-20)
District name
Demand for FP
satisfied
Iodized salt
Any ANC visits
ANC first trimester
≥4 ANC
Received MCP card
Received IFA
tab/syrup
Tetanus injection
Deworming
Weighing
Birth preparedness
counselling
Breastfeeding
counselling
Counselling on
keeping baby warm
Cord care counselling
Food supplementation
Health & nutrition
education
Malaria prevention-
use of bed nets
Institutional birth
Financial assistance
(JSY)
Skilled birth attendant
Postnatal care for
mothers
Postnatal care for
babies
Food supplementation
Health & nutrition
education
Full immunization
Vitamin A
Paediatric IFA
Deworming
Care seeking for ARIORS during diarrheaZinc during diarrhea
Food supplementation
(6-35 months)
Weighing
Counselling on child
growth
WEST BENGAL94.5 72.675.898.496.194.625.391.735.294.168.076.8 87.868.4 71.375.336.0
Bankura86.8 74.775.799.595.589.524.293.336.993.867.276.5 85.073.4 71.187.344.5
Birbhum93.3 81.978.498.794.898.429.890.346.892.267.581.7 81.658.4 78.968.131.5
Dakshin Dinajpur97.3 70.976.499.697.995.319.091.450.394.083.289.1 92.667.2 75.5
Darjeeling97.7 85.079.296.896.396.632.398.444.799.273.984.7 94.276.2 78.6
Haora97.4 84.882.796.596.597.835.595.540.796.970.779.8 87.870.1 53.8
Hugli90.5 76.072.298.696.692.219.197.020.197.456.776.7 95.475.0 62.8
Jalpaiguri94.8 77.588.4100.097.396.629.895.843.597.774.882.5 87.965.5 80.9
Koch Bihar97.6 71.377.399.698.396.627.893.046.892.571.979.7 94.261.4 59.8
Kolkata98.6 74.271.794.491.4100.020.797.518.699.372.884.6 80.258.0
Maldah97.8 77.882.899.796.393.119.087.738.488.961.667.9 87.257.7 65.0
Murshidabad92.5 73.966.997.391.691.126.187.030.692.349.867.6 90.067.7 83.071.535.9
Nadia96.0 61.171.298.495.895.720.997.723.898.689.489.9 89.974.0 69.2
North Twenty Four Parganas
98.9 72.789.998.797.797.720.797.532.098.387.892.4 92.878.1
Paschim Barddhaman89.8 70.370.495.593.696.622.589.831.491.364.170.5 62.460.6 86.381.248.9
Paschim Medinipur93.8 52.663.199.197.896.231.787.635.395.179.780.9 76.978.3 72.1
Purba Barddhaman95.2 72.580.5100.097.290.818.496.034.694.365.275.0 97.265.2 56.6
Purba Medinipur90.0 69.356.898.895.687.125.691.520.394.648.558.1 88.483.7 72.5
Puruliya89.7 59.157.898.096.291.230.089.839.791.451.568.4 84.768.0 66.772.835.6
South Twenty Four Parganas
94.1 77.187.598.698.596.429.191.046.993.267.070.8 91.758.8 60.9
Uttar Dinajpur93.7 76.670.197.894.996.725.976.939.384.760.969.4 84.467.4 84.164.950.6
<20%40-<60% 60-<80%
Pre-
pregnancy
PregnancyDelivery & postnatalEarly childhood
>=80%20-<40%Not Available
Note 1: The following information is not available in the NFHS
-
5 factsheets and state reports (2019
-
20): (1) Information on pre
conception and pregnancy
-
related indicators including demand for FP satisfied,
receipt of at least one ANC visit, weighing, birth preparedness and breastfeeding counselling, counselling on keeping baby wa
rm,
cord care counselling, food supplementation, health and nutrition education and
malaria prevention; (2) Lactation
-
related indicators including, food supplementation and health and nutrition education; and (3)
early childhood
-
related indicators including pediatric IFA, deworming, food
supplementation (6
-
35m), weighing and counselling on child growth. Information on use of bed nets during pregnancy not available
in NFHS
-
3 data (2005
-
2006).
Note 2: Food supplementation during early childhood is for children aged 6
-
35 months; counselling on child growth during early c
hildhood is conducted after taking weight measurement.
Source: NFHS
-
5 district factsheets and state reports (2019
-
20). Category Interventions
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Top coverage
districts (%)
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2019-2020
ANC first trimester
Nadia: -7.2
Kolkata: -1.7
UttDinaj
3: +39.7
Maldah: +35.4
Darjeeling: 85
Howrah: 84.8
Pregnancy
≥4 ANC visits
Pu Medi
3: -22.5
Pa Medi
3: -20.9
Maldah: +30.3
UttDinaj: +27
N 24 Parg
3: 89.9
Jalpaiguri: 88.4
Received MCP Card Not applicable
1
Maldah: +17.2
Kokata: +15.9
Jalpaiguri: 100
Pu Bard: 100
Tetanus injection
Pu Medi: -8.5
Murshidabad: -7.4
UttDinaj: +10.0
Kolkata: +9.0
Kolkata: 100
Birbhum: 98.4
Delivery and
post-natal
Institutional birth° Not applicable
1
S 24 Parg: +36.0
Maldah: +28.7
Darjeeling: 98.4
Nadia: 97.7
Skilled birth attendant°Not applicable
1
Maldah: +24.6
S 24 Parg: +24.4
Kolkata: 99.3
Darjeeling: 99.2
Postnatal care for
mothers
Hooghly: -13
Pu Medi: -11.9
N 24 Parg: +29.6
Nadia: +28.8
Nadia: 89.4
N 24 Parg: 87.8
Postnatal care for
babies°
Not applicable
1
N 24 Parg: +74.7
Dak Dinaj: +68
N 24 Parg: +92.4
Nadia: +89.9
Early
childhood
Full immunization
Pa Medi: -15.0
Bankura: -11.1
UttDinaj: +18.2
Cooch Behar: +18
Pu Bard: 97.2
Hooghly: 95.4
Vitamin A
supplementation°
Dak Dinaj: -10.3
S 24 Parg: -10.2
N 24 Parg: +24.4
Madhubani: +14.9
Pu Medi: 83.7
Pa Medi: 78.3
Care seeking for ARI°
Howrah: -27.6
Bankura: -21.8
Pu Medi: +18.1
Hooghly: +16.6
Pa Bard: 86.3
UttDinaj: 84.1
ORS treatment during
diarrhea°
Birbhum: -10.6
UttDinaj: -0.9
Bankura: +31.3
Purulia: +21.2
Bankura: 87.3
Pa Bard: 81.2
Zinc treatment during
diarrhea°
Not applicable
1
Murshidabad: +27.6
UttDInaj: +24.0
UttDinaj: 50.6
Pa Bard: 48.9
Table 4. Intervention coverage at district level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
Key takeaways
Children:Stunting prevalence declined by 10 percentage points (pp)between 2006 and 2016 and increased by 1pp
between 2016 and 2020. Underweight declined by 8pp between 2006 and 2016 and no further improvements between
2016 and 2020. Anemia declined by 7pp between 2006 and 2016 but increased by 15pp between 2016 and 2020.
Women: Underweight declined by 18pp between 2006 and 2016 and further declined by 6pp between 2016 and 2020.
Anemia among non-pregnant women and pregnant women increased by 9pp and 8pp between 2016 and 2020.
respectively. Overweight/obesity increased by 9pp between 2006 and 2016 and by 3pp between 2016 and 2020.
Men:Overweight/obesity increased by 9pp between 2006 and 2016 and by 1pp between 2016 and 2020.
Attention is needed to improve (%s in 2020):
• Outcomes: Stunting (34%), underweight (32%), wasting (20%) and anemia among children (69%); anemia
among women (62-72%)
• Immediate determinants:Early initiation of breastfeeding (59%), exclusive breastfeeding (53%), adequate diet
for children (23%); 100+ IFA consumption (63%)
• Underlying determinants:Women with 10 years education (33%); early marriage (42%); improved sanitation
(68%)
• Coverage of interventions:Health and nutrition education (64-67%); postnatal care for mothers (68%); Vitamin
A (68%) and zinc during diarrhea (36%)
pp: percentage points; Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets (2019-2020). Note: Interventions’ coverage are
based on the last child data.
0
Indicator definition differs slightly between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5.
1
Prevalence did not increase or decrease in any of the districts.
2
The
difference is calculated only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim
Barddhamanare not comparable between the time periods.
3
District codes: Pu Medi-PurbaMedinipur, Pa Medi: Paschim Medinipur; Pu Bard: PurbaBarddhaman; S
24 Parg-South 24 Parganas; N 24 Parg-North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar Dinajpur. Indicator definition
Nutrition outcomesDefinition
Low birth weight
Percentage of live births in the five years preceding the survey with a reported birth weight less than 2.5 kg, based on
either a written record or the mother's recall
Stunting among children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are stunted i.e., height-for-age z score < -2SD
Wasting among children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are wasted i.e., weight-for-height z score < -2SD
Severe wasting among children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are wasted i.e., weight-for-height z score < -3SD
Underweight childrenPercentage of children aged 0-59 months who are underweight i.e., weight-for-age z score < -2SD
Anemia among children Percentage of children aged 6-59 months who are anemic i.e., (Hb <11.0 g/dl)
Underweight womenPercentage of women aged 15-49 whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2)
Anemia among non-pregnant
women
Percentage of non-pregnant women aged 15-49 who are anemic (<12.0 g/dl)
Anemia among pregnant women Percentage of pregnant women aged 15-49 who are anemic (<11.0 g/dl)
Overweight/obesity -children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are overweight i.e., weight-for-height z score > 2SD
Overweight/obesity -women Percentage of men aged 15-54 who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2)
Overweight/obesity -men Percentage of men aged 15-54 who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2)
High blood pressure among women^Percentage of women aged 15-49 with elevated blood pressure (Systolic >140 mm Hg or diastolic >90 mm Hg)
High blood pressure among men^ Percentage of men aged 15-54 with elevated blood pressure (Systolic >140 mm Hg or diastolic >90 mm Hg)
High sugar level among women^ Percentage of women aged 15-49 with elevated blood pressure (Systolic >140 mm Hg or diastolic >90 mm Hg)
High sugar level among men^ Percentage of men aged 15-54 with high blood sugar levels (141-160 mg/dl)
Immediate determinants
Early initiation of breastfeeding
Percentage of children under aged 3 years breastfed within one hour of birth for the last child born in the 3 years
before the survey
Exclusive breastfeeding Percentage of youngest children under age 6 months living with mother who were exclusively breastfed
Timely introduction of
complementary foods
0
1
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-8 months living with mother who received solid or semi-solid food during the
previous day;
2
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-8 months living with mother who received solid or semi-solid
food and breastmilk
Continued breastfeeding at 2 years
$
Percentage of youngest children 12–23 months of age who were fed breast milk during the previous day
Adequate diet
Percentage of youngest children 6–23 months of age who consumed a minimum acceptable diet during the previous
day
Eggs and/or flesh foods
consumption
$
Percentage of youngest children 6–23 months of age who consumed egg and/or flesh food during the previous day
Sweet beverage
$
Percentage of youngest children 6–23 months of age who consumed a sweet beverage during the previous day
Bottle feeding for infants
$
Percentage of youngest children 0–23 months of age who were fed from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day
Women with body mass index
<18.5 kg/m
2 0
1
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a youngest child < 5 years who have BMI below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) ;
2
Percentage of women aged 15-49 whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m
2
)
Consumed IFA 100+ days
Percentage of mothers aged 15-49 who consumed iron folic acid for 100 days or more during the last pregnancy in
last five years preceding the survey
Diarrhea in the last two weeks
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age five who had diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey
ARI in the last two weeks
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age five who had symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the two
weeks preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of children under age five who had symptoms of acute respiratory
infection (ARI) in the two weeks preceding the survey
Underlying determinants
Women who are literate
0
1
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a birth in five years preceding the survey who are literate i.e., those who
completed standard 6 or higher and can read a whole sentence;
2
Percentage of women aged 15-49 who are literate
i.e., those who completed standard 9 or higher and can read a whole sentence or part of a sentence.
Women with ≥10 years education
0
1
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a birth in five years preceding the survey with 10 or more years of schooling;
2
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with 10 or more years of schooling
Girls 20-24 years married before
age of 18 years
0
1
Percentage of women aged 20-24 years with a birth in five years preceding the survey who were married before age
18 years;
2
Percentage of women aged 20-24 years who were married before age 18 years
Women 15-19 years with child or
pregnant
Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 who had their first birth before age 20 years and in the five years
preceding the survey
HHs with improved drinking water
source
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that use an improved source of drinking water;
2
Population living in households that use an improved sanitation facility
HHs with improved sanitation
facility
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that uses improved toilet facility;
2
Population living
in households that use an improved sanitation facility
HHs with hand washing facility
^$
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that had soap and water for washing hands
Open defecation
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that has no toilet facility/defecates in open
Safe disposal of feces
$
Percentage of youngest children living with mother whose stools were disposed of safely
HHs with BPL card
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in households with BPL card
HHs with electricity
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that has electricity;
2
Population living in households
with electricity
^
Indicator not available in NFHS-3.
$
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets/state reports
0
Indicator comparable between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4
but differs slightly from NFHS-5.
@
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets but available in NFHS-5 states reports.
1
Definition per NFHS-3/NFHS-4.
2
Definition as per NFHS-5 factsheet. Indicator definition
InterventionsDefinition
Demand for FP satisfied
@
Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 with demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods
Iodized salt
01
Percentage of women aged 15-49 living in HHs that use iodized salt;
2
Percentage of households using iodized salt
Any ANC visits
$
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in the five years who received at least one ANC for the last birth
ANC first trimesterPercentage of women (15-49 years of age) attended by any provider during the first trimester of pregnancy that led to
the birth of the youngest child in the last 2 years
≥ 4ANCPercentage of mothers aged 15-49 who had at least 4 antenatal care visits for last birth in the 5 years before the
survey
Received MCP cardPercentage of mothers who registered last pregnancy in the 5 years preceding the survey for which she received a
Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card
Received IFA tab/syrup
@
Percentage of women who received IFA (given or purchased) tablets during the pregnancy for their most recent live
birth in the 5 years preceding the survey
Tetanus injectionPercentage of women whose last birth was protected against neonatal tetanus (for last birth in the five years
preceding the survey )
Deworming-pregnancy
@
Percentage of women who took an intestinal parasite drug during the pregnancy for their most recent live birth in the
5 years preceding the survey
Weighing-pregnancy
@
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in the five years preceding the survey who were weighed during
ANC for the last birth
Birth preparedness counselling
$
Percentage of women who had at least one contact with a health worker in the three months preceding the survey
and were counselled on birth preparedness; calculated among women aged 15-49 who gave birth in the five years
preceding the survey
Breastfeeding counselling
@
Percentage of women who met with a community health worker in the last three months of pregnancy and received
advice on breastfeeding (for the last pregnancy in the five years preceding the survey)
Counselling on keeping baby
warm
@
Percentage of women who met with a community health worker in the last three months of pregnancy and received
advice on keeping the baby warm for their most recent live birth in the five years preceding the survey
Cord care counselling
^@
Percentage of women who met with a community health worker in the last three months of pregnancy and received
advice on cord care for their most recent live birth in the five years preceding the survey
Food supplementation -
pregnancy
@
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received supplementary food from AWC during
pregnancy;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received specific benefits from AWC during
pregnancy: supplementary food
Health & nutrition education –
pregnancy
@
1
Percentage of mothers who received health and nutrition education from an Anganwadi Centre (AWC) during last
pregnancy in the five years preceding the survey;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received
specific benefits from AWC during pregnancy: health and nutrition education
Malaria prevention-use of bed
nets
^$
Percentage of women who used mosquito net during the pregnancy for their most recent live birth in the 5 years
preceding the survey
Institutional birth
01
Percentage of women aged 15-49 who gave birth in health/institutional facility for their most recent live birth in the 5
years preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of live births to women aged 15-49 in the five years preceding the survey
that took place in a health/institutional facility
Financial assistance (JSY)
@
Percentage of women who received financial assistance under JSY for their most recent live birth that took place in
institutional facility in the 5 years preceding the survey
Skilled birth attendant
01
Percentage of women whose last delivery was attended by a skilled health personnel for their most recent live birth
in the 5 years preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel for births in the 5
years before the survey
Postnatal care for mothers Percentage of mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel
within 2 days of delivery for their most recent live birth in the five years preceding the survey
Postnatal care for babies Percentage of children who received postnatal care from a doctor /nurse /LHV /ANM /midwife /other health personnel
within 2 days of delivery for last birth in the 5 years before the survey
Food supplementation –postnatal
@ 1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received supplementary food from AWC while
breastfeeding;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received specific benefits from AWC while
breastfeeding: supplementary food
Health & nutrition education –
postnatal
@
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received health check-ups from AWC while
breastfeeding;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received specific benefits from AWC while
breastfeeding: health and nutrition education
Full immunization
01
Percentage of youngest living children aged 12-23 months fully vaccinated based on information from either
vaccination card or mother's recall;
2
Percentage of children aged 12-23 months fully vaccinated based on information
from either vaccination card or mother's recall
Vitamin A –early childhood
01
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-59 months who received Vitamin A supplementation in the last 6 months
preceding the survey; 2 Percentage of children aged 9-35 months who received a vitamin A dose in the last 6 months
Pediatric IFA
0@
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-59 months who received iron supplements in the past 7 days preceding the
survey
Deworming –early childhood
0@
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-59 months who received deworming tablets in the last 6 months preceding
the survey
Care seeking for ARI
01
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 years with fever or symptoms of ARI in the 2 weeks preceding the
survey taken to a health facility or health provider;
2
Percentage of children under age 5 years with fever or symptoms
of ARI in the 2 weeks preceding the survey taken to a health facility or health provider
ORS during diarrhea
01
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey who received
oral rehydration salts (ORS); 2Percentage of children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the
survey who ORS
Zinc during diarrhea
01
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey who
received zinc;
2
Percentage of children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey who
received zinc
Food supplementation (children 6-
35 months)
$
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-35 months who received food supplements from AWC in the 12 months
preceding the survey
Weighing –early childhood
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 who were weighed at AWC in the 12 months preceding the survey
Counselling on child growth
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received counselling from an AWC after child was
weighed in the 12 months preceding the survey
^
Indicator not available in NFHS-3.
$
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets/state reports.
@
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets but available in
NFHS-5 states reports.
0
Indicator comparable between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 but differs slightly from NFHS-5.
1
Definition per NFHS-3/NFHS-4.
2
Definition as per NFHS-5 factsheet.
3
Definition as per NFHS-5 state reports. ABOUT POSHAN
Partnerships and Opportunities to
Strengthen and Harmonize Actions
for Nutrition in India (POSHAN) is a
multi-year initiative that aims to
support the use of data and evidence
in decision-making for nutrition in
India. It is supported by the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation and led by
IFPRI in India.
http://poshan.ifpri.info/
ABOUT DATA NOTES
POSHAN Data Notes focus on data
visualization to highlight geographic
and/or thematic issues related to
nutrition in India. They draw on
multiple sources of publically
available data.
CONTACT US
Email: IFPRI-POSHAN@cgiar.org
IFPRI-NEW DELHI
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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Dev Prakash Shastri Road,
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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Washington, DC 20005 USA
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Skype: IFPRIhomeoffice
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www.ifpri.org
This publication has been prepared by
POSHAN. It has not been peer
reviewed. Any opinions stated herein
are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the policies of the
International Food Policy Research
Institute.
Copyright © 2021 International Food
Policy Research Institute. All rights
reserved. For permission to republish,
contact ifpri-copyright@cgiar.org.
AUTHORS
Sattvika Ashok,Research Analyst, IFPRI
Phuong Hong Nguyen,SeniorResearch Fellow, IFPRI
S.K. Singh,Professor, IIPS
Rakesh Sarwal, Additional Secretary, NITI Aayog
Neena Bhatia, Senior Specialist, NITI Aayog
Robert Johnston, Nutrition Specialist UNICEF
William Joe, Assistant Professor, IEG
Esha Sarswat, Communications Specialist, IFPRI
Purnima Menon, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI
Disclaimer: The maps used in this Data Note are based on the districts in NFHS-5
factsheets/reports . The boundaries shown do not imply any official endorsement or
acceptance by IFPRI.
SUGGESTED CITATION
Ashok, S., P.H. Nguyen, S.K. Singh, R. Sarwal, N. Bhatia,
R. Johnston, W. Joe, E. Sarswat, and P. Menon. 2021.
State Nutrition Profile: West Bengal. POSHAN Data Note
56. New Delhi, India: International Food Policy Research
Institute.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Financial support for this Data Note was provided by the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through POSHAN, led by
the International Food Policy Research Institute. The
funder played no role in decisions about the scope of the
analysis or the contents of the Note.
We thank Long Quynh Khuong(Independent Researcher)
for creating the maps, Nishmeet Singh (IFPRI) and Anjali
Pant (IFPRI) for working with the dataset and Julie
Ghostlaw (IFPRI) & Abhilasha Vaid (Consultant) for
editing and reviewing the Note.
PARTNERS
Institute of Economic Growth (IEG)
International Institute for Population Science (IIPS)
NITI Aayog
UNICEF
State Nutrition Profile: West Bengal
ABOUT THIS DATA NOTE
Figure 1. Trends in undernutrition outcomes
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
2005-2006 2015-2016 2019-2020 India average
23
2
17
2
NA
3
433334 182020 677 403232 615469 392115 636372 635462
0
20
40
60
80
100
Low birth weightStunting WastingSevere wastingUnderweight Anemia Underweight Anemia
(non-pregnant)
Anemia
(pregnant)
%
Undernutrition among children (<5y)Undernutrition among women (15-49y)
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), & NFHS-5 state factsheets (2019-2020).
Note: Adult nutrition outcomes are based on the woman dataset, while child nutrition outcomes are based on all child data.
1
WHO. Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS). Help Topic: Malnutrition in children. Stunting, wasting, overweight and underweight.
(https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape/help.aspx?menu=0&helpid=391&lang=EN);
2
In NFHS-3, 49.3% of data was missing, while 13.9% of data was
missing in NFHS-4.
3
NA refers to the unavailability of data for a particular indicator in the specified NFHS round.
This Data Note describes the trends for a set of key
nutrition and health outcomes, determinants, and
coverage of interventions. The findings here are based
on data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
3 (2005-2006), 4 (2015-2016) and 5 (2019-2020). In
addition to standard prevalence-based analyses, this
Data Note includes headcount-based analyses, aligned
to the POSHAN Abhiyaanmonitoring framework and
using data from NFHS-5 to provide evidence that helps
identify priority districts and number of districts in the
state with public health concern as per the WHO
guidelines
1
. The Data Note includes a color-coded
dashboard to compare the coverage of nutrition
interventions across all the districts in the state. It
concludes with key takeaways for children, women &
men and identifies areas where the state has potential
to improve.
WEST BENGAL No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
Map 1 & 2. Number of stunted & anemic children <5y, 2019-2020
Source: IFPRI estimates -The headcount was calculated as the product of the undernutrition prevalence and the total eligible projected population for each district
in 2019. Prevalence estimates were obtained from NFHS-5 (2019-2020; all child data) and projected population for 2019 was estimated using Census 2011.
Note: The newly formed districts, for which no spatial boundaries were available, were not depicted on the maps.
1
Public health concern is defined as ≥20% for stunting, ≥40% for anemia , ≥10% for wasting, and ≥2% for severe wasting (WHO 2011).
2
The total number of
children <5 years is 6,977,232.
Map 1. Stunting
Map 3. Wasting
Map 2. Anemia
Highest burden districts
1Murshidabad267,553
2South 24 Parganas 250,741
3North 24 Parganas 205,594
4Barddhaman199,000
5Maldah160,360
Highest burden districts
1South 24 Parganas 144,842
2PashchimMedinipur 136,781
3Barddhaman128,086
4Murshidabad109,576
5North 24 Parganas 84,395
Highest burden districts
1Murshidabad435,397
2South 24 Parganas 432,072
3Barddhaman360,982
4North 24 Parganas 330,040
5PashchimMedinipur 267,639
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
Number of stunted
children
2
= 2,432,440
Number of wasted
children
2
= 1,492,609
Number of anemic
children
2
= 4,517,462
Map 3 & 4. Number of wasted children <5y, 2019-2020
Map 4. Severe Wasting
Number of severely wasted
children
2
= 536,898
Highest burden districts
1South 24 Parganas 80,620
2PashchimMedinipur 43,336
3Kolkata37,194
4Barddhaman36,832
5Howrah36,488
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure Map 5 & 6. Number of underweight children (<5y)
& women (15-49y), 2019-2020
Source: IFPRI estimates -The headcount was calculated as the product of the undernutrition prevalence and the total eligible projected population for each district in
2019. Prevalence estimates were obtained from NFHS-5 (2019-2020; all child/woman data) and projected population for 2019 was estimated using Census 2011.
Note: The newly formed districts, for which no spatial boundaries were available, were not depicted on the maps.
1
Public health concern is defined as≥20% for
underweight (children), ≥10% for underweight (women), ≥40% for anemia among non-pregnant women, and ≥40% for anemia among pregnant women (WHO 2011).
2
The total number of children <5 years is 6,977,232, pregnant women 15-49 years is 1,524,627, and non-pregnant women 15-49 years is 26,751,293.
Map 6. Underweight women
Map 7. Anemia among non-pregnant women Map 8. Anemia among pregnant women
Highest burden districts
1Barddhaman426,647
2Murshidabad415,279
3PashchimMedinipur 350,745
4Bankura304,791
5Puruliya283,857
Highest burden districts
1Murshidabad114,422
2North 24 Parganas 93,405
3South 24 Parganas 73,385
4Maldah70,157
5Barddhaman69,254
Highest burden districts
1North 24 Parganas 2,106,259
2Barddhaman1,781,590
3Murshidabad1,627,725
4South 24 Parganas 1,571,494
5PashchimMedinipur 1,521,752
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 17 of 20
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20 No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 16 of 16
Number of underweight
women
2
= 4,367,817
Number of non-pregnant
anemic women
2
= 21,066,371
Number of pregnant anemic
women
2
= 810,586
Map 5. Underweight children
Highest burden districts
1South 24 Parganas 219,996
2Murshidabad217,807
3Barddhaman199,550
4PashchimMedinipur 180,568
5North 24 Parganas 149,753
No. of districts with public health concern
1
: 20 of 20
Number of underweight
children
2
= 2,336,061
Map 7 & 8. Number of anemic women (15-49y), 2019-2020
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure
Note: Number in ‘000s in the above figureNote: Number in ‘000s in the above figure Category Outcomes
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Highest burden
districts
(thousands)
4
No of
districts
with public
health
concern
5
(total=20)
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-
2016)
3
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-
2016)
2019-20202019-2020
Children
<5 years
Overweight/
obesity
S 24 Parg
6: +5.2
UttDinaj
6: +4.7
Cooch Behar: -2.0
Dak Dinaj
6: -1.2
S 24 Parg: 47
N 24 Parg
6: 41
0
Women
(15-49 years)
Overweight/
obesity
Murshidabad: +10.4
Maldah: +10.0
Kolkata: -11.5
Howrah: -3.1
N 24 Parg: 850
Hooghly: 616
13
High blood
pressure
S 24 Parg: +9.9
Bankura: +7.6
Dak Dinaj: -1.8
UttDinaj: -1.4
N 24 Parg: 518
S 24 Parg: 483
3
High blood
sugar
Puruliya: +5.3
Dak Dinaj: +5.0
N 24 Parg: -1.7
Hooghly: -1.0
N 24 Parg: 312
Barddhaman: 204
0
Men
(15-54 years)
Overweight
/obesity
Data not available at district-level
High blood
pressure
Howrah: +11.6
Hooghly: +9.0
Kolkata: -9.1
Maldah: -7.0
N 24 Parg: 493
S 24 Parg: 448
6
High blood
sugar
Puruliya: +6.5
UttDinaj: +5.1
Kolkata: -11.0
S 24 Parg: -7.1
N 24 Parg: 427
Barddhaman: 286
0
Figure 2. Trends in overweight/obesity & NCDs
1
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Table 1. Overweight/obesity & NCDs
1
at district-level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
2005-2006 2015-2016 2019-2020 India average
23
4 112023 NA
2
1217 NA89 61516 NA1117 NA128
0
20
40
60
80
100
Overweight/
obesity
Overweight/
obesity
High blood
pressure
High blood
sugar
Overweight/
obesity
High blood
pressure
High blood
sugar
%
Children (<5y)Women (15-49y)Men (15-54y)
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets (2019-2020).pp: percentage points.
Note: Adult nutrition outcomes are based on the woman/man dataset, while child nutrition outcomes are based on all child data.
1
NCDs : non-communicable diseases.
2
NA refers to the unavailability of data for a particular indicator in the specified NFHS round.
3
The difference is calculated
only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim Barddhamanare not
comparable between the time periods.
4
Burden: The headcount was calculated as the product of the overweight/obesity prevalence and the total eligible
projected population for each district in 2019. Prevalence estimates were obtained from NFHS-5 (2019-2020) and projected population for 2019 was estimated
using Census 2011.
5
Public health concern is defined as prevalence ≥15% for overweight/obesity (children), ≥20% for overweight/obesity (women andmen),
≥20% high blood pressure (women and men), and ≥20% high sugar (women and men) (WHO 2011).
6
District codes: S 24 Parg-South 24 Parganas;N 24 Parg
-
North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar Dinajpur. Category
Immediate
determinants
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Top coverage
districts (%)
2
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
1
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2019-2020
IYCF
practices
Early initiation of
breastfeeding
S 24 Parag
3: -14.5
Bankura: -7.1
Pu Medi
3: 30.3
Hooghly: 30.2
Birbhum: 72.0
Nadia: 71.8
Exclusive
breastfeeding
Murshidabad: -10.5
Cooch Behar: -10.1
S 24 Parag:+40.9
Birbhum: +24.3
S 24 Parag: 73.5
UttDinaj
3: 66.4
Timely introduction of
complementary foods
0
Data not available at district-level
Adequate diet
0
Nadia: -14.8
Pa Medi
3: -9.2
Maldah: +18.2
Kolkata: +17.8
Dak Dinaj
3: 34.2
Pu Bard
3: 34.1
Maternal
determinants
Women with BMI<18.5
kg/m2
0
Not applicable
4
Puruliya: -22.0
Pa Medi
3: -14
Kolkata: 6.6
N 24 Parg
3: 6.5
Consumed IFA 100+
days
Not applicable UttDinaj: +53.2
N 24 Parg: +51.8
Dak Dinaj: 76.2
N 24 Parg: 73.3
Diseases
Diarrhea in the last two
weeks
0
Bankura: +7.7
Birbhum: +3.4
Jalpaiguri: -7.0
Dak Dinaj: -6.0
Dak Dinaj: 2.7
N 24 Parg: 2.0
ARI in the last two
weeks
0
Birbhum: +4.3
Nadia, Kolkata: +2.4
Cooch Behar: -5.5
N 24 Parg: -3.5
Pa Medi: 1.4
Hooghly: 0.8
Figure 3. Trends in immediate determinants (%)
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Table 2. Immediate determinants at district-level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets (2019-2020). pp: percentage points.
Note: Immediate determinants are based on the last child data; data on continued breastfeeding at 2 years, egg and/or flesh foods consumption, sweet beverage
consumption, and bottle feeding of infants not available in NFHS-5 factsheets (2019-20)/state report
0
Indicator definition differs slightly between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5;
1
The difference is calculated only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and
2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim Barddhamanare not comparable between the time periods.
2
For all indicators, top coverage
districts refer to the districts with the highest prevalence in immediate determinants, except for women with a BMI of 18.5 kg/m2, diarrhea in the last two weeks,
and ARI in the last two weeks, for which it refers to the districts with the lowest prevalence in coverage.
3
District codes: Pu Medi-PurbaMedinipur, Pa Medi:
Paschim Medinipur; Pu Bard: PurbaBarddhaman; S 24 Parg-South 24 Parganas;N 24 Parg
-
North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar
Dinajpur.
4
Prevalence did not increase or decrease in any of the districts. Category
Underlying
determinants
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Top coverage
districts (%)
2
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
1
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2019-2020
Maternal
determinants
Women who are literate
0
Pu Medi
4
: -9.5
Nadia: -8.6
UttDinaj
4
: +15.3
Purulia: +7.1
Kolkata: 87.6
S 24 Parg
4: 85.6
Women with ≥10 years
education
0
Birbhum: -0.8
Pu Medi: -0.6
S 24 Parg: +16.3
N 24 Parg
4: +11.8
Kolkata: 55.4
Darjeeling: 41.3
Girls 20-24 years married
before age of 18 years
0
Pu Medi: +3.6
Jalpaiguri: -28.0
UttDinaj: -24.9
Jalpaiguri: 18.7
Kolkata: 16.7
Women 15-19 years with
child or pregnant
Pa Medi
4
: +9.4
Cooch Behar: +3.7
Purulia: -9.7
Murshidabad: -8.9
Darjeeling: 6.3
Kolkata: 4.9
Household
determinants
HHs with improved
drinking water source
0
Pu Medi: -11.7
Bankura: -0.4
Maldah: +15.3
Jalpaiguri: +11.5
S 24 Parg: 100
UttDinaj: 99.8
HHs with improved
sanitation facility
0
Not applicable
3
Dak Dinaj: +36.9
UttDinaj: +34.2
Darjeeling: 83.0
N 24 Parg: 80.4
HHs with electricity
0
Pa Medi: -2.4
Kolkata: -0.2
S 24 Parg: +11.8
UttDinaj: +9.5
Kolkata: 99.6
N 24 Parg: 99.5
Figure 4. Trends in underlying determinants (%)
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Table 3. Underlying determinants at district-level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets and state reports (2019-2020).
Note: Underlying determinants are based on the last child data; safe disposal of feces not available in NFHS-5 factsheets (2019-20)/state report and data on HHs
with hand washing facility not available in NFHS-3 (2005-06) and NFHS-5 factsheets (2019-20)/state report. Data on open defecation and HHs with BPL card for
2019-2020 are taken from NFHS-5 state reports.
0
Indicator definition differs slightly between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5.
1
The difference is calculated only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim
Barddhamanare not comparable between the time periods.
2
For all indicators, top coverage districts refer to the districts with the highest prevalence in underlying
determinants, except forgirls 20-24 years married before age of 18 years and women 15-19 years with child or pregnantfor which it refers to the districts with the
lowest prevalence in coverage.
3
Prevalence did not increase or decrease in any of the districts.
4
District codes: Pu Medi-PurbaMedinipur, Pa Medi: Paschim
Medinipur; Pu Bard: PurbaBarddhaman; S 24 Parg-South 24 Parganas;N 24 Parg
-
North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar Dinajpur. Figure 5. Trends in interventions across the first 1000 days (%)
2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2020
Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016) & NFHS-5 state factsheets and state reports (2019-2020).
0Indicator comparable between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 but differs slightly from NFHS-5.
Note 1: Interventions’ coverage is based on the last child data.
Note 2: The following information is not available in the NFHS-5 factsheets and state reports (2019-20): receipt of at least oneANC visit, birth preparedness
counselling, malaria prevention and food supplementation (6-35m). Information on use of bed nets during pregnancy is not available in NFHS-3 data (2006).
Note 3: Data on food supplementation and health and nutrition education during pregnancy and post-natal care, and weight measurement during childhood and
counselling on child growth for 2019-2020 are taken from NFHS-5 state reports.
Note 4: Refer to district dashboard for the inter-district variability in the coverage of interventions. Intervention coverage at district-level, 2019-2020Source: NFHS-5 district & state factsheets (2019-20)
District name
Demand for FP
satisfied
Iodized salt
Any ANC visits
ANC first trimester
≥4 ANC
Received MCP card
Received IFA
tab/syrup
Tetanus injection
Deworming
Weighing
Birth preparedness
counselling
Breastfeeding
counselling
Counselling on
keeping baby warm
Cord care counselling
Food supplementation
Health & nutrition
education
Malaria prevention-
use of bed nets
Institutional birth
Financial assistance
(JSY)
Skilled birth attendant
Postnatal care for
mothers
Postnatal care for
babies
Food supplementation
Health & nutrition
education
Full immunization
Vitamin A
Paediatric IFA
Deworming
Care seeking for ARIORS during diarrheaZinc during diarrhea
Food supplementation
(6-35 months)
Weighing
Counselling on child
growth
WEST BENGAL94.5 72.675.898.496.194.625.391.735.294.168.076.8 87.868.4 71.375.336.0
Bankura86.8 74.775.799.595.589.524.293.336.993.867.276.5 85.073.4 71.187.344.5
Birbhum93.3 81.978.498.794.898.429.890.346.892.267.581.7 81.658.4 78.968.131.5
Dakshin Dinajpur97.3 70.976.499.697.995.319.091.450.394.083.289.1 92.667.2 75.5
Darjeeling97.7 85.079.296.896.396.632.398.444.799.273.984.7 94.276.2 78.6
Haora97.4 84.882.796.596.597.835.595.540.796.970.779.8 87.870.1 53.8
Hugli90.5 76.072.298.696.692.219.197.020.197.456.776.7 95.475.0 62.8
Jalpaiguri94.8 77.588.4100.097.396.629.895.843.597.774.882.5 87.965.5 80.9
Koch Bihar97.6 71.377.399.698.396.627.893.046.892.571.979.7 94.261.4 59.8
Kolkata98.6 74.271.794.491.4100.020.797.518.699.372.884.6 80.258.0
Maldah97.8 77.882.899.796.393.119.087.738.488.961.667.9 87.257.7 65.0
Murshidabad92.5 73.966.997.391.691.126.187.030.692.349.867.6 90.067.7 83.071.535.9
Nadia96.0 61.171.298.495.895.720.997.723.898.689.489.9 89.974.0 69.2
North Twenty Four Parganas
98.9 72.789.998.797.797.720.797.532.098.387.892.4 92.878.1
Paschim Barddhaman89.8 70.370.495.593.696.622.589.831.491.364.170.5 62.460.6 86.381.248.9
Paschim Medinipur93.8 52.663.199.197.896.231.787.635.395.179.780.9 76.978.3 72.1
Purba Barddhaman95.2 72.580.5100.097.290.818.496.034.694.365.275.0 97.265.2 56.6
Purba Medinipur90.0 69.356.898.895.687.125.691.520.394.648.558.1 88.483.7 72.5
Puruliya89.7 59.157.898.096.291.230.089.839.791.451.568.4 84.768.0 66.772.835.6
South Twenty Four Parganas
94.1 77.187.598.698.596.429.191.046.993.267.070.8 91.758.8 60.9
Uttar Dinajpur93.7 76.670.197.894.996.725.976.939.384.760.969.4 84.467.4 84.164.950.6
<20%40-<60% 60-<80%
Pre-
pregnancy
PregnancyDelivery & postnatalEarly childhood
>=80%20-<40%Not Available
Note 1: The following information is not available in the NFHS
-
5 factsheets and state reports (2019
-
20): (1) Information on pre
conception and pregnancy
-
related indicators including demand for FP satisfied,
receipt of at least one ANC visit, weighing, birth preparedness and breastfeeding counselling, counselling on keeping baby wa
rm,
cord care counselling, food supplementation, health and nutrition education and
malaria prevention; (2) Lactation
-
related indicators including, food supplementation and health and nutrition education; and (3)
early childhood
-
related indicators including pediatric IFA, deworming, food
supplementation (6
-
35m), weighing and counselling on child growth. Information on use of bed nets during pregnancy not available
in NFHS
-
3 data (2005
-
2006).
Note 2: Food supplementation during early childhood is for children aged 6
-
35 months; counselling on child growth during early c
hildhood is conducted after taking weight measurement.
Source: NFHS
-
5 district factsheets and state reports (2019
-
20). Category Interventions
Worst performing
districts (pp)
Best performing
districts (pp)
Top coverage
districts (%)
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2
Difference between
(2019-2020) & (2015-2016)
2019-2020
ANC first trimester
Nadia: -7.2
Kolkata: -1.7
UttDinaj
3: +39.7
Maldah: +35.4
Darjeeling: 85
Howrah: 84.8
Pregnancy
≥4 ANC visits
Pu Medi
3: -22.5
Pa Medi
3: -20.9
Maldah: +30.3
UttDinaj: +27
N 24 Parg
3: 89.9
Jalpaiguri: 88.4
Received MCP Card Not applicable
1
Maldah: +17.2
Kokata: +15.9
Jalpaiguri: 100
Pu Bard: 100
Tetanus injection
Pu Medi: -8.5
Murshidabad: -7.4
UttDinaj: +10.0
Kolkata: +9.0
Kolkata: 100
Birbhum: 98.4
Delivery and
post-natal
Institutional birth° Not applicable
1
S 24 Parg: +36.0
Maldah: +28.7
Darjeeling: 98.4
Nadia: 97.7
Skilled birth attendant°Not applicable
1
Maldah: +24.6
S 24 Parg: +24.4
Kolkata: 99.3
Darjeeling: 99.2
Postnatal care for
mothers
Hooghly: -13
Pu Medi: -11.9
N 24 Parg: +29.6
Nadia: +28.8
Nadia: 89.4
N 24 Parg: 87.8
Postnatal care for
babies°
Not applicable
1
N 24 Parg: +74.7
Dak Dinaj: +68
N 24 Parg: +92.4
Nadia: +89.9
Early
childhood
Full immunization
Pa Medi: -15.0
Bankura: -11.1
UttDinaj: +18.2
Cooch Behar: +18
Pu Bard: 97.2
Hooghly: 95.4
Vitamin A
supplementation°
Dak Dinaj: -10.3
S 24 Parg: -10.2
N 24 Parg: +24.4
Madhubani: +14.9
Pu Medi: 83.7
Pa Medi: 78.3
Care seeking for ARI°
Howrah: -27.6
Bankura: -21.8
Pu Medi: +18.1
Hooghly: +16.6
Pa Bard: 86.3
UttDinaj: 84.1
ORS treatment during
diarrhea°
Birbhum: -10.6
UttDinaj: -0.9
Bankura: +31.3
Purulia: +21.2
Bankura: 87.3
Pa Bard: 81.2
Zinc treatment during
diarrhea°
Not applicable
1
Murshidabad: +27.6
UttDInaj: +24.0
UttDinaj: 50.6
Pa Bard: 48.9
Table 4. Intervention coverage at district level
2015-2016, 2019-2020
Key takeaways
Children:Stunting prevalence declined by 10 percentage points (pp)between 2006 and 2016 and increased by 1pp
between 2016 and 2020. Underweight declined by 8pp between 2006 and 2016 and no further improvements between
2016 and 2020. Anemia declined by 7pp between 2006 and 2016 but increased by 15pp between 2016 and 2020.
Women: Underweight declined by 18pp between 2006 and 2016 and further declined by 6pp between 2016 and 2020.
Anemia among non-pregnant women and pregnant women increased by 9pp and 8pp between 2016 and 2020.
respectively. Overweight/obesity increased by 9pp between 2006 and 2016 and by 3pp between 2016 and 2020.
Men:Overweight/obesity increased by 9pp between 2006 and 2016 and by 1pp between 2016 and 2020.
Attention is needed to improve (%s in 2020):
• Outcomes: Stunting (34%), underweight (32%), wasting (20%) and anemia among children (69%); anemia
among women (62-72%)
• Immediate determinants:Early initiation of breastfeeding (59%), exclusive breastfeeding (53%), adequate diet
for children (23%); 100+ IFA consumption (63%)
• Underlying determinants:Women with 10 years education (33%); early marriage (42%); improved sanitation
(68%)
• Coverage of interventions:Health and nutrition education (64-67%); postnatal care for mothers (68%); Vitamin
A (68%) and zinc during diarrhea (36%)
pp: percentage points; Source: NFHS-3 (2005-2006), NFHS-4 (2015-2016), and NFHS-5 state and district factsheets (2019-2020). Note: Interventions’ coverage are
based on the last child data.
0
Indicator definition differs slightly between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5.
1
Prevalence did not increase or decrease in any of the districts.
2
The
difference is calculated only between districts that are comparable between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. All districts except PurbaBarddhamanand Paschim
Barddhamanare not comparable between the time periods.
3
District codes: Pu Medi-PurbaMedinipur, Pa Medi: Paschim Medinipur; Pu Bard: PurbaBarddhaman; S
24 Parg-South 24 Parganas; N 24 Parg-North 24 Parganas; Dak Dinaj: Dakshin Dinajpur; UttDinaj: Uttar Dinajpur. Indicator definition
Nutrition outcomesDefinition
Low birth weight
Percentage of live births in the five years preceding the survey with a reported birth weight less than 2.5 kg, based on
either a written record or the mother's recall
Stunting among children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are stunted i.e., height-for-age z score < -2SD
Wasting among children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are wasted i.e., weight-for-height z score < -2SD
Severe wasting among children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are wasted i.e., weight-for-height z score < -3SD
Underweight childrenPercentage of children aged 0-59 months who are underweight i.e., weight-for-age z score < -2SD
Anemia among children Percentage of children aged 6-59 months who are anemic i.e., (Hb <11.0 g/dl)
Underweight womenPercentage of women aged 15-49 whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2)
Anemia among non-pregnant
women
Percentage of non-pregnant women aged 15-49 who are anemic (<12.0 g/dl)
Anemia among pregnant women Percentage of pregnant women aged 15-49 who are anemic (<11.0 g/dl)
Overweight/obesity -children Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are overweight i.e., weight-for-height z score > 2SD
Overweight/obesity -women Percentage of men aged 15-54 who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2)
Overweight/obesity -men Percentage of men aged 15-54 who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2)
High blood pressure among women^Percentage of women aged 15-49 with elevated blood pressure (Systolic >140 mm Hg or diastolic >90 mm Hg)
High blood pressure among men^ Percentage of men aged 15-54 with elevated blood pressure (Systolic >140 mm Hg or diastolic >90 mm Hg)
High sugar level among women^ Percentage of women aged 15-49 with elevated blood pressure (Systolic >140 mm Hg or diastolic >90 mm Hg)
High sugar level among men^ Percentage of men aged 15-54 with high blood sugar levels (141-160 mg/dl)
Immediate determinants
Early initiation of breastfeeding
Percentage of children under aged 3 years breastfed within one hour of birth for the last child born in the 3 years
before the survey
Exclusive breastfeeding Percentage of youngest children under age 6 months living with mother who were exclusively breastfed
Timely introduction of
complementary foods
0
1
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-8 months living with mother who received solid or semi-solid food during the
previous day;
2
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-8 months living with mother who received solid or semi-solid
food and breastmilk
Continued breastfeeding at 2 years
$
Percentage of youngest children 12–23 months of age who were fed breast milk during the previous day
Adequate diet
Percentage of youngest children 6–23 months of age who consumed a minimum acceptable diet during the previous
day
Eggs and/or flesh foods
consumption
$
Percentage of youngest children 6–23 months of age who consumed egg and/or flesh food during the previous day
Sweet beverage
$
Percentage of youngest children 6–23 months of age who consumed a sweet beverage during the previous day
Bottle feeding for infants
$
Percentage of youngest children 0–23 months of age who were fed from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day
Women with body mass index
<18.5 kg/m
2 0
1
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a youngest child < 5 years who have BMI below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) ;
2
Percentage of women aged 15-49 whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m
2
)
Consumed IFA 100+ days
Percentage of mothers aged 15-49 who consumed iron folic acid for 100 days or more during the last pregnancy in
last five years preceding the survey
Diarrhea in the last two weeks
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age five who had diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey
ARI in the last two weeks
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age five who had symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the two
weeks preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of children under age five who had symptoms of acute respiratory
infection (ARI) in the two weeks preceding the survey
Underlying determinants
Women who are literate
0
1
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a birth in five years preceding the survey who are literate i.e., those who
completed standard 6 or higher and can read a whole sentence;
2
Percentage of women aged 15-49 who are literate
i.e., those who completed standard 9 or higher and can read a whole sentence or part of a sentence.
Women with ≥10 years education
0
1
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a birth in five years preceding the survey with 10 or more years of schooling;
2
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with 10 or more years of schooling
Girls 20-24 years married before
age of 18 years
0
1
Percentage of women aged 20-24 years with a birth in five years preceding the survey who were married before age
18 years;
2
Percentage of women aged 20-24 years who were married before age 18 years
Women 15-19 years with child or
pregnant
Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 who had their first birth before age 20 years and in the five years
preceding the survey
HHs with improved drinking water
source
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that use an improved source of drinking water;
2
Population living in households that use an improved sanitation facility
HHs with improved sanitation
facility
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that uses improved toilet facility;
2
Population living
in households that use an improved sanitation facility
HHs with hand washing facility
^$
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that had soap and water for washing hands
Open defecation
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that has no toilet facility/defecates in open
Safe disposal of feces
$
Percentage of youngest children living with mother whose stools were disposed of safely
HHs with BPL card
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in households with BPL card
HHs with electricity
0
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 living in household that has electricity;
2
Population living in households
with electricity
^
Indicator not available in NFHS-3.
$
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets/state reports
0
Indicator comparable between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4
but differs slightly from NFHS-5.
@
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets but available in NFHS-5 states reports.
1
Definition per NFHS-3/NFHS-4.
2
Definition as per NFHS-5 factsheet. Indicator definition
InterventionsDefinition
Demand for FP satisfied
@
Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 with demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods
Iodized salt
01
Percentage of women aged 15-49 living in HHs that use iodized salt;
2
Percentage of households using iodized salt
Any ANC visits
$
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in the five years who received at least one ANC for the last birth
ANC first trimesterPercentage of women (15-49 years of age) attended by any provider during the first trimester of pregnancy that led to
the birth of the youngest child in the last 2 years
≥ 4ANCPercentage of mothers aged 15-49 who had at least 4 antenatal care visits for last birth in the 5 years before the
survey
Received MCP cardPercentage of mothers who registered last pregnancy in the 5 years preceding the survey for which she received a
Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card
Received IFA tab/syrup
@
Percentage of women who received IFA (given or purchased) tablets during the pregnancy for their most recent live
birth in the 5 years preceding the survey
Tetanus injectionPercentage of women whose last birth was protected against neonatal tetanus (for last birth in the five years
preceding the survey )
Deworming-pregnancy
@
Percentage of women who took an intestinal parasite drug during the pregnancy for their most recent live birth in the
5 years preceding the survey
Weighing-pregnancy
@
Percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in the five years preceding the survey who were weighed during
ANC for the last birth
Birth preparedness counselling
$
Percentage of women who had at least one contact with a health worker in the three months preceding the survey
and were counselled on birth preparedness; calculated among women aged 15-49 who gave birth in the five years
preceding the survey
Breastfeeding counselling
@
Percentage of women who met with a community health worker in the last three months of pregnancy and received
advice on breastfeeding (for the last pregnancy in the five years preceding the survey)
Counselling on keeping baby
warm
@
Percentage of women who met with a community health worker in the last three months of pregnancy and received
advice on keeping the baby warm for their most recent live birth in the five years preceding the survey
Cord care counselling
^@
Percentage of women who met with a community health worker in the last three months of pregnancy and received
advice on cord care for their most recent live birth in the five years preceding the survey
Food supplementation -
pregnancy
@
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received supplementary food from AWC during
pregnancy;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received specific benefits from AWC during
pregnancy: supplementary food
Health & nutrition education –
pregnancy
@
1
Percentage of mothers who received health and nutrition education from an Anganwadi Centre (AWC) during last
pregnancy in the five years preceding the survey;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received
specific benefits from AWC during pregnancy: health and nutrition education
Malaria prevention-use of bed
nets
^$
Percentage of women who used mosquito net during the pregnancy for their most recent live birth in the 5 years
preceding the survey
Institutional birth
01
Percentage of women aged 15-49 who gave birth in health/institutional facility for their most recent live birth in the 5
years preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of live births to women aged 15-49 in the five years preceding the survey
that took place in a health/institutional facility
Financial assistance (JSY)
@
Percentage of women who received financial assistance under JSY for their most recent live birth that took place in
institutional facility in the 5 years preceding the survey
Skilled birth attendant
01
Percentage of women whose last delivery was attended by a skilled health personnel for their most recent live birth
in the 5 years preceding the survey;
2
Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel for births in the 5
years before the survey
Postnatal care for mothers Percentage of mothers who received postnatal care from a doctor/nurse/LHV/ANM/midwife/other health personnel
within 2 days of delivery for their most recent live birth in the five years preceding the survey
Postnatal care for babies Percentage of children who received postnatal care from a doctor /nurse /LHV /ANM /midwife /other health personnel
within 2 days of delivery for last birth in the 5 years before the survey
Food supplementation –postnatal
@ 1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received supplementary food from AWC while
breastfeeding;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received specific benefits from AWC while
breastfeeding: supplementary food
Health & nutrition education –
postnatal
@
1
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received health check-ups from AWC while
breastfeeding;
3
Among children under 6 years, percentage whose mother received specific benefits from AWC while
breastfeeding: health and nutrition education
Full immunization
01
Percentage of youngest living children aged 12-23 months fully vaccinated based on information from either
vaccination card or mother's recall;
2
Percentage of children aged 12-23 months fully vaccinated based on information
from either vaccination card or mother's recall
Vitamin A –early childhood
01
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-59 months who received Vitamin A supplementation in the last 6 months
preceding the survey; 2 Percentage of children aged 9-35 months who received a vitamin A dose in the last 6 months
Pediatric IFA
0@
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-59 months who received iron supplements in the past 7 days preceding the
survey
Deworming –early childhood
0@
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-59 months who received deworming tablets in the last 6 months preceding
the survey
Care seeking for ARI
01
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 years with fever or symptoms of ARI in the 2 weeks preceding the
survey taken to a health facility or health provider;
2
Percentage of children under age 5 years with fever or symptoms
of ARI in the 2 weeks preceding the survey taken to a health facility or health provider
ORS during diarrhea
01
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey who received
oral rehydration salts (ORS); 2Percentage of children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the
survey who ORS
Zinc during diarrhea
01
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey who
received zinc;
2
Percentage of children under age 5 years with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the survey who
received zinc
Food supplementation (children 6-
35 months)
$
Percentage of youngest children aged 6-35 months who received food supplements from AWC in the 12 months
preceding the survey
Weighing –early childhood
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 who were weighed at AWC in the 12 months preceding the survey
Counselling on child growth
@
Percentage of youngest children under age 5 whose mother received counselling from an AWC after child was
weighed in the 12 months preceding the survey
^
Indicator not available in NFHS-3.
$
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets/state reports.
@
Indicator not available in NFHS-5 factsheets but available in
NFHS-5 states reports.
0
Indicator comparable between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 but differs slightly from NFHS-5.
1
Definition per NFHS-3/NFHS-4.
2
Definition as per NFHS-5 factsheet.
3
Definition as per NFHS-5 state reports. ABOUT POSHAN
Partnerships and Opportunities to
Strengthen and Harmonize Actions
for Nutrition in India (POSHAN) is a
multi-year initiative that aims to
support the use of data and evidence
in decision-making for nutrition in
India. It is supported by the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation and led by
IFPRI in India.
http://poshan.ifpri.info/
ABOUT DATA NOTES
POSHAN Data Notes focus on data
visualization to highlight geographic
and/or thematic issues related to
nutrition in India. They draw on
multiple sources of publically
available data.
CONTACT US
Email: IFPRI-POSHAN@cgiar.org
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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This publication has been prepared by
POSHAN. It has not been peer
reviewed. Any opinions stated herein
are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the policies of the
International Food Policy Research
Institute.
Copyright © 2021 International Food
Policy Research Institute. All rights
reserved. For permission to republish,
contact ifpri-copyright@cgiar.org.
AUTHORS
Sattvika Ashok,Research Analyst, IFPRI
Phuong Hong Nguyen,SeniorResearch Fellow, IFPRI
S.K. Singh,Professor, IIPS
Rakesh Sarwal, Additional Secretary, NITI Aayog
Neena Bhatia, Senior Specialist, NITI Aayog
Robert Johnston, Nutrition Specialist UNICEF
William Joe, Assistant Professor, IEG
Esha Sarswat, Communications Specialist, IFPRI
Purnima Menon, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI
Disclaimer: The maps used in this Data Note are based on the districts in NFHS-5
factsheets/reports . The boundaries shown do not imply any official endorsement or
acceptance by IFPRI.
SUGGESTED CITATION
Ashok, S., P.H. Nguyen, S.K. Singh, R. Sarwal, N. Bhatia,
R. Johnston, W. Joe, E. Sarswat, and P. Menon. 2021.
State Nutrition Profile: West Bengal. POSHAN Data Note
56. New Delhi, India: International Food Policy Research
Institute.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Financial support for this Data Note was provided by the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through POSHAN, led by
the International Food Policy Research Institute. The
funder played no role in decisions about the scope of the
analysis or the contents of the Note.
We thank Long Quynh Khuong(Independent Researcher)
for creating the maps, Nishmeet Singh (IFPRI) and Anjali
Pant (IFPRI) for working with the dataset and Julie
Ghostlaw (IFPRI) & Abhilasha Vaid (Consultant) for
editing and reviewing the Note.
PARTNERS
Institute of Economic Growth (IEG)
International Institute for Population Science (IIPS)
NITI Aayog
UNICEF