India Innovation Index

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India Innovation
Index201 Report designed by Jasper Levi for NITI Aayog and Institute for Competitiveness. India Innovation
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1: Link between Innovation and Competitiveness at the global level
Figure 6.1: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a Percentage of GDP
Figure 6.2: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a Percentage of GDP
Figure 7.1: India Innovation Index Pillar Level Framework
Figure 7.2: Measures of India Innovation Index
Figure 7.3: Index Calculation Steps
Figure 7.4: Index Innovation Index Framework
Figure 8.1: Country-level Analysis of India Innovation Index
Figure 8.2: Link between Innovation and Competitiveness
Figure 8.3: Link between Innovation and Economic Development
Figure 8.4: Performance of states on Human Capital
Figure 8.5: Over-performing and under-performing states: Human Capital
Figure 8.6: Performance of states on Investment
Figure 8.7: Over-performing and under-performing states: Investment
Figure 8.8: Performance of states on Knowledge Workers
Figure 8.9: Over-performing and under-performing states: Knowledge Workers
Figure 8.10: Performance of states on Business Environment
Figure 8.11: Over-performing and under-performing states: Business Environment
Figure 8.12: Performance of states on Safety & Legal Environment
Figure 8.13: Over-performing and under-performing states: Safety & Legal Environment
Figure 8.14: Performance of states on Knowledge Output
Figure 8.15: Over-performing and under-performing states: Knowledge Output
Figure 8.16: Performance of states on Knowledge Diffusion
Figure 8.17: Over-performing and under-performing states: Knowledge Diffusion
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Figure 11.1: Comparing country leaders
Figure 11.2: Scorecard of Andhra Pradesh 13
PREFACE 14
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15
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?5INTRODUCTION
?5WHAT IS INNOVATION?
?5WHY INNOVATE?
?5NEED TO MEASURE INNOVATION
?5GLOBAL APPROACHES FOR MEASURING INNOVATION
?5INDIA VERSUS THE WORLD
?5INDIA INNOVATION INDEX
?5INDIA INNOVATION INDEX: KEY FINDINGS WCOUNTRY-
LEVEL ANALYSIS
STATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS
PILLAR-LEVEL ANALYSIS
?5STATE PROFILES
??5EFFICENCY OF INNOVATION
??5LEARNINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
??5THE WAY FORWARD
APPENDIX
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B: Data availability
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CONTENTS 14
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PREFACE
The India Innovation Index (III) 201 comes at a time when
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1 World Bank database. Link: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?locations=IN 15
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The India Innovation Index examines the innovation
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The study and the methodology employed in the Index
have been developed keeping in mind the state of the
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2 |
2. Kline, S. J., & Rosenberg, N. (1986): An Overview of Innovation. The Positive Sum Game, Washington. DC, p. 283.
3. Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York, MacMillan Press, p. 45.
WHAT IS INNOVATION? 19
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Figure 3.1 Link between Innovation and Competitiveness at the Global Level
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INNOVATION 21
GLOBAL APPROACHES FOR
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Year GII Score GII Rank Total Countries
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2015 81141
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Figure 6.1: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D as a Percentage of GDP
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Table 6.1: India’s Performance on the Global Innovation Index 24
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25
INDIA INNOVATION INDEX |7
INDIA
INNOVATION
INDEX
INNOVATION
EFFICIENCY
RATIO
ENABLERS
PERFORMANCE
HUMAN CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
KNOWLEDGE WORKERS
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY & LEGAL
ENVIRONMENT
KNOWLEDGE OUTPUT
KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION
Figure 7.1: India Innovation Index Pillar Level Framework
The India innovation index aims to examine the innovation
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INDIA INNOVATION INDEX-INDICATORS

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Figure 7.4: India Innovation Index Framework 29
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ics, the method has been applied to the studies of cointegration and spatial convergence (Harris 1997, Drakos 2002), development (Caudill, Zanella & Mixon
2000), panel data (Bai 1993, Reichlin 2002), forecasting (Stock & Watson 2002), simultaneous equations (Choi 2002) and economics of education (Webster 2001).
Factor analysis uses variances to produce communalities between variables and the goal is to remove the common variance. (Yong & Pearce 2013).
Table 7.1: Alpha Values 31
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INDIA INNOVATION
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7<+<*/,99@ 4
(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+: 5
+(4(5+0<
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30
3(2:/(+>,,78
Table 8.1: India Innovation Index State-level Performance
INNOVATION 35
ENABLERSPERFORMANCE
EnablersPerformance
Major statesScore Rank Major statesScore Rank
4(/(9(:/;9( 1 2(95(;(2(1
/(9@(5(2 ;(4035(+< 2
2(95(;(2( 4(/(9(:/;9(
2,9(3(4 ;,3(5.(5(4
;(4035(+< 5 <;;(979(+,:/ 5
.<1(9(; >,:;),5.(3
7<51() /(9@(5(
(5+/9(79(+,:/ 8 2,9(3( 8
;,3(5.(5( 9 .<1(9(;9
6+0:/(10 (5+/9(79(+,:/ 10
>,:;),5.(3 11 6+0:/(11
9(1(:;/(512 9(1(:;/(5 12
4(+/@(79(+,:/ 7<51()
*//(;;0:.(9/ 14 4(+/@(79(+,:/ 14
<;;(979(+,:/ 15 )0/(915
)0/(9 1/(92/(5+
1/(92/(5+ *//(;;0:.(9/
NE and Hill statesNE and Hill states
:02204 1 <;;(9(2/(5+ 1
/04(*/(379(+,:/2 (::(42
4(507<9 1(44<2(:/409
<;;(9(2/(5+ 4 4(507<94
1(44<2(:/409 5 /04(*/(379(+,:/5
;907<9( (9<5(*/(379(+,:/
(9<5(*/(379(+,:/ 5(.(3(5+
40A69(48 4,./(3(@(8
5(.(3(5+9 ;907<9(9
4,./(3(@( 10 40A69(410
(::(4 11 :0220411
UT/ City States/ Small StatesUT/ City States/ Small States
.6(1 +,3/01
*/(5+0.(9/ 2 */(5+0.(9/ 2
+,3/0 +(4(5+0<
(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:4 +(+9(5(.(9/(=,304
7<+<*/,99@ 5 .6( 5
3(2:/(+>,,7 7<+<*/,99@
+(4(5+0< (5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,308 3(2:/(+>,,7 8 36
HUMAN CAPITALINVESTMENT
Human CapitalInvestment
Major statesScore Rank Major statesScore Rank
;(4035(+< 1 2(95(;(2(1
2,9(3(2 4(/(9(:/;9( 2
7<51() /(9@(5(
2(95(;(2(4 2,9(3( 4
.<1(9(; 5 ;(4035(+< 5
/(9@(5( .<1(9(;
4(/(9(:/;9( ;,3(5.(5(
(5+/9(79(+,:/ 8 9(1(:;/(58
;,3(5.(5(9 <;;(979(+,:/ 9
6+0:/(10 (5+/9(79(+,:/ 10
9(1(:;/(5 11 4(+/@(79(+,:/ 11
*//(;;0:.(9/ 12 6+0:/( 12
>,:;),5.(3 >,:;),5.(3
4(+/@(79(+,:/ 14 *//(;;0:.(9/ 14
<;;(979(+,:/ 15 7<51() 15
1/(92/(5+ 1/(92/(5+
)0/(9 )0/(9
NE and Hill statesNE and Hill states
:02204 1 4(507<91
40A69(42 (9<5(*/(379(+,:/2
/04(*/(379(+,:/ ;907<9(
;907<9(4 40A69(44
<;;(9(2/(5+ 5 :02204 5
4,./(3(@( 5(.(3(5+
1(44<2(:/409 <;;(9(2/(5+
(9<5(*/(379(+,:/8 1(44<2(:/409 8
4(507<99 /04(*/(379(+,:/9
5(.(3(5+10 (::(410
(::(4 11 4,./(3(@(11
UT/ City States/ Small StatesUT/ City States/ Small States
*/(5+0.(9/ 1 3(2:/(+>,,7 1
7<+<*/,99@ 2 +,3/02
+,3/0 .6(
.6( 4 (5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:4
(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+: 5 7<+<*/,99@ 5
3(2:/(+>,,7 */(5+0.(9/
+(4(5+0< +(+9(5(.(9/(=,30
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30 8 +(4(5+0< 8 37
KNOWLEDGE WORKERS BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Knowledge WorkersBusiness Environment
Major statesScore Rank Major statesScore Rank
4(/(9(:/;9( 1 ;(4035(+< 1
.<1(9(; 2 2,9(3(2
2(95(;(2( 4(/(9(:/;9(
(5+/9(79(+,:/ 4 ;,3(5.(5(4
;,3(5.(5(5 2(95(;(2(5
;(4035(+< /(9@(5(
/(9@(5( (5+/9(79(+,:/
2,9(3(8 .<1(9(;8
7<51()9 >,:;),5.(3 9
4(+/@(79(+,:/ 10 7<51()10
9(1(:;/(511 <;;(979(+,:/ 11
>,:;),5.(3 12 4(+/@(79(+,:/ 12
<;;(979(+,:/ 9(1(:;/(5
6+0:/(14 6+0:/(14
*//(;;0:.(9/ 15 *//(;;0:.(9/ 15
)0/(9 )0/(9
1/(92/(5+ 1/(92/(5+
NE and Hill statesNE and Hill states
/04(*/(379(+,:/1 /04(*/(379(+,:/1
:022042 1(44<2(:/409 2
4(507<9 <;;(9(2/(5+
<;;(9(2/(5+ 4 ;907<9(4
1(44<2(:/409 5 4,./(3(@(5
4,./(3(@( (::(4
5(.(3(5+ 40A69(4
;907<9(8 5(.(3(5+8
(::(49 4(507<99
(9<5(*/(379(+,:/10 (9<5(*/(379(+,:/10
40A69(411 :0220411
UT/ City States/ Small StatesUT/ City States/ Small States
.6( 1 .6(1
*/(5+0.(9/ 2 +,3/02
+,3/0 3(2:/(+>,,7
7<+<*/,99@ 4 +(+9(5(.(9/(=,304
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,305 */(5+0.(9/ 5
+(4(5+0< +(4(5+0<
(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+: (5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:
3(2:/(+>,,7 8 7<+<*/,99@ 8 38
SAFETY & LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
Safety & Legal Environment
Major statesScoreRank
/(9@(5( 1
7<51()2
.<1(9(;
)0/(9 4
6+0:/(5
>,:;),5.(3
4(/(9(:/;9(
2,9(3(8
<;;(979(+,:/ 9
*//(;;0:.(9/ 10
(5+/9(79(+,:/ 11
1/(92/(5+ 12
4(+/@(79(+,:/
9(1(:;/(514
2(95(;(2( 15
;,3(5.(5(
;(4035(+<
NE and Hill states
:022041
;907<9( 2
1(44<2(:/409
<;;(9(2/(5+4
4(507<95
/04(*/(379(+,:/
5(.(3(5+
(9<5(*/(379(+,:/ 8
40A69(49
4,./(3(@(10
(::(4 11
UT/ City States/ Small States
(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:1
*/(5+0.(9/2
.6(
+(4(5+0<4
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,305
+,3/0
3(2:/(+>,,7
7<+<*/,99@ 8 39
KNOWLEDGE OUTPUTKNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION
Knowledge Output2UV^SLKNL+PH\ZPVU
Major statesScore Rank Major statesScore Rank
;(4035(+< 1 2(95(;(2(1
4(/(9(:/;9( 2 ;(4035(+< 2
2(95(;(2( 4(/(9(:/;9(
;,3(5.(5(4 <;;(979(+,:/ 4
/(9@(5( 5 ;,3(5.(5( 5
<;;(979(+,:/ >,:;),5.(3
>,:;),5.(3 2,9(3(
.<1(9(;8 /(9@(5(8
2,9(3( 9 6+0:/(9
7<51() 10 (5+/9(79(+,:/ 10
4(+/@(79(+,:/ 11 9(1(:;/(5 11
9(1(:;/(512 .<1(9(;12
1/(92/(5+ )0/(9
(5+/9(79(+,:/ 14 4(+/@(79(+,:/ 14
6+0:/( 15 7<51() 15
*//(;;0:.(9/ *//(;;0:.(9/
)0/(9 1/(92/(5+
NE and Hill statesNE and Hill states
<;;(9(2/(5+ 1 (::(4 1
(9<5(*/(379(+,:/ 2 <;;(9(2/(5+ 2
4(507<9 1(44<2(:/409
(::(4 4 /04(*/(379(+,:/ 4
1(44<2(:/409 5 4(507<95
/04(*/(379(+,:/ 5(.(3(5+
5(.(3(5+ 4,./(3(@(
;907<9(8 :022048
40A69(49 (9<5(*/(379(+,:/9
4,./(3(@(10 40A69(410
:02204 11 ;907<9(11
UT/ City States/ Small StatesUT/ City States/ Small States
+,3/01 +,3/01
*/(5+0.(9/ 2 +(+9(5(.(9/(=,302
.6( */(5+0.(9/
+(4(5+0< 4 +(4(5+0< 4
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30 5 7<+<*/,99@ 5
7<+<*/,99@ .6(
(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+: (5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:
3(2:/(+>,,7 8 3(2:/(+>,,7 8 40
Link between Innovation and
Competitiveness
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Demand Conditions:
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Link between Innovation and Economic
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0 2 4 6 8 1012 1416 182022 2426 283032 3436 384042 44
IndiaInnovationIndexscores
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SumofInnovationvs.sumofCompetitiveness.ThemarksarelabeledbyState.DetailsareshownforState.
6 For more details: https://issuu.com/arthsastra/docs/clusters_the_drivers_of_competiti?e=15240061/65872465
Figure 8.2: Link between Innovation and Competitiveness 41
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Figure 8.3: Link between Innovation and Economic Development 42
Figure 8.4: Performance of states on Human Capital
SCORES
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Figure 8.5: Over-performing and under-performing states
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Pillar-level Analysis 44
Figure 8.6: Performance of states on Investment
SCORES
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INVESTMENT
Figure 8.7: Over-performing and under-performing states
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Pillar-level Analysis 46
Figure 8.8: Performance of states on Knowledge Workers
SCORES
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Figure 8.9: Over-performing and under-performing states
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Pillar-level Analysis 48
Figure 8.10: Performance of states on Business Environment
SCORES
52.811.62
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Figure 8.11: Over-performing and under-performing states
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Pillar-level Analysis 50
Figure 8.12: Performance of states on Safety & Legal Environment
SCORES
68.747.08
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ENVIRONMENT
Figure 8.13: Over-performing and under-performing states
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Pillar-level Analysis 52
Figure 8.14: Performance of states on Knowledge Output
SCORES
74.650.08
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KNOWLEDGE OUTPUT
Figure 8.15: Over-performing and under-performing states
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Pillar-level Analysis 54
Figure 8.16: Performance of states on Knowledge Diffusion
SCORES
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Pillar-level Analysis 56
SCORES: INDIA
INNOVATION INDEX 201? 5757
STATE
PROFILES 5858
ANDHRA
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Rank: 10
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The India Innovation Index helps in identifying and
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At any tier of innovation, states can learn from their
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performance of states is not necessarily similar on all
facets of innovation.
The India Innovation Index is calculated in a way that
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LEARNINGS AND
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Figure 11.1: Comparing Country Leaders 208
At the National Level
Despite all the challenges the national system of
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ANDHRAPRADESH
Howtoreadthescorecard:Allthevaluesarescoresonascaleof0-100.So,higherscorerepresentsbetterperformance.Forinstance,ascoreof97onpupilteacherratiowilldepicthighscoreoftheindicator.
All the values represent scores on a scale of 0-100
Ease of Doing Business-Implementation Score 100
Internet subscribers in the state19.67
Number of Common Facility Centers4.13
Number of incubator centers in state11.4
Number of Industrial clusters5.87
Total number of online services transaction 41.07
Expenditure on Science, Technology & Environment 2.25
FDI inflow18.94
State govt. expenditure on higher & technical education3.42
Venture capital deals0
Enrolment in Ph.D15.06
Higher education institutions with NAAC grade A and
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8.89
Number of students in engineering and technology 65.79
Percentage colleges connected through NMEICT 30.51
Percentage of schools with ICT labs19.91
Pupil teacher ratio-higher education86
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Knowledge-intensive employment12.33
Number of NGO’s involved in knowledge intensive areas5.9
Number of R&D institutions funded by state 34.96
Private R&D units in state35.86
Industrial designs by origin0.16
Number of grass root innovations in state 1.67
Number of publications by state universities 8.65
Number of startups in the state11.44
Patents filed from state8.74
Trademark application filed1.52
High and medium-high-tech manufacturing entities12.91
ICT exports0.62
Number of citations6.68
Number of registered GI46.15
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Figure 11.2: Scorecard of Andhra Pradesh 209
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,_WLUKP[\YLVU:JPLUJL;LJOUVSVN`HUK,U]PYVUTLU[
-+0PU?V^Z
7YP]H[L9+\UP[ZPUZ[H[L2018
2UV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LLTWSV`TLU[
5\TILYVM5.6ZPU]VS]LKPURUV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LHYLHZ2018
5\TILYVM9+0UZ[P[\[PVUZM\UKLKI`:[H[LZ<;Z2018
;V[HSU\TILYVMVUSPULZLY]PJLZ[YHUZHJ[PVU
,HZLVM+VPUN)\ZPULZZ?0TWSLTLU[H[PVU7LYJLU[HNL
5\TILYVMPUJ\IH[VYJLU[YLZPUZ[H[L2018
5\TILYVMPUK\Z[YPHSJS\Z[LYZ2018
5\TILYVM*VTTVU-HJPSP[`*LU[YLZ2018
0U[LYUL[Z\IZJYPILYZPU[OLZ[H[L
0UMVYTH[PVU;LJOUVSVN`0U[LSSLJ[\HS7YVWLY[`YLSH[LK(J[Z9H[LVMVHLUJLZ
5\TILYVMJ`ILYJLSSZHUKZVJPHSTLKPHTVUP[VYPUNJLSSZ
7LUKLUJ`VMJV\Y[JHZLZ2018
5\TILYVMNYHZZYVV[PUUV]H[PVUZPUZ[H[L 2018
7H[LU[Z?SLKMYVTZ[H[L
0UK\Z[YPHSKLZPNUZI`VYPNPU
;YHKLTHYRHWWSPJH[PVU?SLK
5\TILYVMW\ISPJH[PVUZ2018
5\TILYVMZ[HY[\WZPU[OLZ[H[L2018
0*;L_WVY[Z
/PNOHUKTLKP\TOPNO[LJOTHU\MHJ[\YPUNLU[P[PLZ2018
5\TILYVMYLNPZ[LYLK.02018
5\TILYVMJP[H[PVUZ2018
55???t J(?N?n????????Nu 214
55???t!JXn?8N??X????N8@
Inverted Indicators
7\WPS;LHJOLY9H[PV/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU
0UMVYTH[PVU;LJOUVSVN`0U[LSSLJ[\HS7YVWLY[`YLSH[LK(J[Z9H[LVMVHLUJLZ
7LUKLUJ`VMJV\Y[JHZLZ 215
55???t(J?????N@
Indicator NameWeight
Human Capital
7LYJLU[HNLVMZJOVVSZ^P[O0*;SHIZ
5\TILYVMZ[\KLU[ZPULUNPULLYPUNHUK[LJOUVSVN`
,UYVSTLU[PU7O+
/PNOLYLK\JH[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUZ^P[O5((*NYHKL(HUKHIV]L
7\WPS;LHJOLY9H[PV/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU
7LYJLU[HNLVMJVSSLNLZJVUULJ[LK[OYV\NO54,0*;
Investment
=LU[\YLJHWP[HSKLHSZ
:[H[LNV]LYUTLU[L_WLUKP[\YLVUOPNOLYHUK[LJOUPJHSLK\JH[PVU
,_WLUKP[\YLVU:JPLUJL;LJOUVSVN`HUK,U]PYVUTLU[
-+0PU?V^Z
Knowledge Workers
7YP]H[L9+\UP[ZPUZ[H[L
2UV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LLTWSV`TLU[
5\TILYVM5.6ZPU]VS]LKPURUV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LHYLHZ
5\TILYVM9+0UZ[P[\[PVUZM\UKLKI`:[H[LZ<;Z
Business Environment
;V[HSU\TILYVMVUSPULZLY]PJLZ[YHUZHJ[PVU
,HZLVM+VPUN)\ZPULZZ?0TWSLTLU[H[PVU7LYJLU[HNL
5\TILYVMPUJ\IH[VYJLU[YLZPUZ[H[L
5\TILYVMPUK\Z[YPHSJS\Z[LYZ
5\TILYVM*VTTVU-HJPSP[`*LU[YLZ
0U[LYUL[Z\IZJYPILYZPU[OLZ[H[L
Safety & Legal Environment
0UMVYTH[PVU;LJOUVSVN`0U[LSSLJ[\HS7YVWLY[`YLSH[LK(J[Z9H[LVMVHLUJLZ
5\TILYVMJ`ILYJLSSZHUKZVJPHSTLKPHTVUP[VYPUNJLSSZ
7LUKLUJ`VMJV\Y[JHZLZ
Knowledge Output
5\TILYVMNYHZZYVV[PUUV]H[PVUZPUZ[H[L
7H[LU[Z?SLKMYVTZ[H[L
0UK\Z[YPHSKLZPNUZI`VYPNPU
;YHKLTHYRHWWSPJH[PVU?SLK
5\TILYVMW\ISPJH[PVUZ
5\TILYVMZ[HY[\WZPU[OLZ[H[L
2UV^SLKNL+PH\ZPVU
0*;L_WVY[Z
/PNOHUKTLKP\TOPNO[LJOTHU\MHJ[\YPUNLU[P[PLZ
5\TILYVMYLNPZ[LYLK.0
5\TILYVMJP[H[PVUZ 216
55???t0J ?@N???8@Nn!?@?????8?@
Indicator NameBest case Worst case
Human Capital
7LYJLU[HNLVMZJOVVSZ^P[O0*;SHIZ
5\TILYVMZ[\KLU[ZPULUNPULLYPUNHUK[LJOUVSVN` 0
,UYVSTLU[PU7O+ 0
/PNOLYLK\JH[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUZ^P[O5((*NYHKL(HUKHIV]L240
7\WPS;LHJOLY9H[PV/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU10
7LYJLU[HNLVMJVSSLNLZJVUULJ[LK[OYV\NO54,0*;440
Investment
=LU[\YLJHWP[HSKLHSZ 0
:[H[LNV]LYUTLU[L_WLUKP[\YLVUOPNOLYHUK[LJOUPJHSLK\JH[PVU 0
,_WLUKP[\YLVU:JPLUJL;LJOUVSVN`HUK,U]PYVUTLU[ 0
-+0PU?V^Z 0
Knowledge Workers
7YP]H[L9+\UP[ZPUZ[H[L 0
2UV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LLTWSV`TLU[ 0
5\TILYVM5.6ZPU]VS]LKPURUV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LHYLHZ 0
5\TILYVM9+0UZ[P[\[PVUZM\UKLKI`:[H[LZ<;Z 0
Business Environment
;V[HSU\TILYVMVUSPULZLY]PJLZ[YHUZHJ[PVU
,HZLVM+VPUN)\ZPULZZ?0TWSLTLU[H[PVU7LYJLU[HNL 0
5\TILYVMPUJ\IH[VYJLU[YLZPUZ[H[L 0
5\TILYVMPUK\Z[YPHSJS\Z[LYZ 0
5\TILYVM*VTTVU-HJPSP[`*LU[YLZ 0
0U[LYUL[Z\IZJYPILYZPU[OLZ[H[L
Safety & Legal Environment
0UMVYTH[PVU;LJOUVSVN`0U[LSSLJ[\HS7YVWLY[`YLSH[LK(J[Z9H[LVMVHLUJLZ0
5\TILYVMJ`ILYJLSSZHUKZVJPHSTLKPHTVUP[VYPUNJLSSZ0
7LUKLUJ`VMJV\Y[JHZLZ
Knowledge Output
5\TILYVMNYHZZYVV[PUUV]H[PVUZPUZ[H[L 0
7H[LU[Z?SLKMYVTZ[H[L 0
0UK\Z[YPHSKLZPNUZI`VYPNPU 0
;YHKLTHYRHWWSPJH[PVU?SLK
5\TILYVMW\ISPJH[PVUZ 0
5\TILYVMZ[HY[\WZPU[OLZ[H[L 0
2UV^SLKNL+PH\ZPVU
0*;L_WVY[Z 0
/PNOHUKTLKP\TOPNO[LJOTHU\MHJ[\YPUNLU[P[PLZ 0
5\TILYVMYLNPZ[LYLK.0 0
5\TILYVMJP[H[PVUZ 0 217
55???tIJ(??@????????8??8?@????
Dimen-
sion
Pillar
Dimen-
sion
Pillar
States/Year
En-
ablers
Human
Capital
Invest-
ment
Knowl-
edge
Workers
Busi-
ness
Envi-
ron-
ment
Safety
& Legal
Envi-
ron-
ment
Perfor-
mance
Knowl-
edge
Output
Knowl-
edge
+PH\-
sion
ANDHRA PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ASSAM
BIHAR
CHHATTISGARH
DELHI
GOA
GUJARAT
HARYANA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JHARKHAND
KARNATAKA
KERALA
MADHYA PRADESH
MAHARASHTRA
MANIPUR
MEGHALAYA
MIZORAM
NAGALAND
ODISHA
PUNJAB
RAJASTHAN
SIKKIM
TAMIL NADU
TELANGANA
TRIPURA
UTTARAKHAND
UTTAR PRADESH
WEST BENGAL
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR
ISLANDS

CHANDIGARH
DADRA & NAGAR
HAVELI

DAMAN & DIU
LAKSHADWEEP
PUDUCHERRY 218
55???tJJ???8J8V5@
(5+/9(79(+,:/
+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(9(1(:;/(54(+/@(79(+,://(9@(5(7<51())0
/(96+0:/(*//(;;0:.(9/
(9<5(*/(379(+,:/
4(507<95(.(3(5+:022047<+<*/,99@40A69(44,./(3(@(*/(5+0.(9
/;907<9((5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30
(::(4
1/(92/(5+<;;(9(2/(5+*//(;;0:.(9/1(44<2(:/409/04(*/(3
79(+,:/6+0:/()0/(9.6(;907<9(7<51()
)0/(9
6+0:/(7<51()*//(;;0:.(9//(9@(5(1/(92/(5+4(+/@(79(+,:/(:
:(42,9(3(<;;(9(2/(5+;,3(5.(5(
*//(;;0:.(9/
1/(92/(5+(::(4<;;(9(2/(5+6+0:/()0/(91(44<2(:/409/04(*/
(379(+,:/7<51().6(;907<9(
+,3/0
(5+/9(79(+,:/;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(4(+/@(79(+,://(9@(5(9(1(:
;/(57<51())0/(96+0:/(*//(;;0:.(9/
.6(
;907<9(*/(5+0.(9/4,./(3(@(7<+<*/,99@(9<5(*/(379(+,:/4(50
7<95(.(3(5+:0220440A69(4(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:
.<1(9(;
<;;(979(+,:/;(4035(+<2(95(;(2(>,:;),5.(39(1(:;/(5(5+/9(
79(+,:/+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(4(+/@(79(+,:/
/(9@(5(
4(+/@(79(+,:/2,9(3(;,3(5.(5(7<51()+,3/0(5+/9(79(+,:/)0
/(96+0:/(9(1(:;/(5*//(;;0:.(9/
/04(*/(379(+,:/
1(44<2(:/409.6(<;;(9(2/(5+;907<9(*/(5+0.(9/4,./(
3(@(7<+<*/,99@(9<5(*/(379(+,:/4(507<9(::(4
1(44<2(:/409
/04(*/(379(+,:/.6(<;;(9(2/(5+;907<9(*/(5+0.(9/4,./(
3(@(7<+<*/,99@(9<5(*/(379(+,:/4(507<9(::(4
1/(92/(5+
*//(;;0:.(9/(::(4<;;(9(2/(5+6+0:/(1(44<2(:/409/04(*/(3
79(+,:/)0/(97<51().6(;907<9(
2(95(;(2(
.<1(9(;<;;(979(+,:/;(4035(+<>,:;),5.(39(1(:;/(5(5+/9(
79(+,:/+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(4(+/@(79(+,:/
2,9(3(
;,3(5.(5(+,3/04(+/@(79(+,:/(5+/9(79(+,://(9@(5(9(1(:
;/(57<51())0/(96+0:/(*//(;;0:.(9/
4(+/@(79(+,:/
/(9@(5(2,9(3(;,3(5.(5(+,3/07<51()(5+/9(79(+,:/)0/(96+0:
/(9(1(:;/(5*//(;;0:.(9/
4(/(9(:/;9(
>,:;),5.(3;(4035(+<<;;(979(+,:/.<1(9(;2(95(;(2(9(1(:
;/(5(5+/9(79(+,:/+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(
4(507<9
(9<5(*/(379(+,:/5(.(3(5+:0220440A69(47<+<*/,99@4,./(
3(@(*/(5+0.(9/(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30;90
7<9(
4,./(3(@(
7<+<*/,99@*/(5+0.(9/(9<5(*/(379(+,:/4(507<9;907<9(5(.(
3(5+:0220440A69(4(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30
40A69(4
:022045(.(3(5+4(507<9(9<5(*/(379(+,:/(5+(4(550*6)(9
0:3(5+:7<+<*/,99@+(+9(5(.(9/(=,304,./(3(@(+(4(5+0<3(2
:/(+>,,7
5(.(3(5+
:022044(507<9(9<5(*/(379(+,:/40A69(47<+<*/,99@4,./(
3(@(*/(5+0.(9/(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30+(
4(5+0<
6+0:/(
)0/(97<51()*//(;;0:.(9/1/(92/(5+/(9@(5((::(44(+/@(
79(+,:/<;;(9(2/(5+2,9(3(;,3(5.(5(
7<51()
)0/(96+0:/(/(9@(5(4(+/@(79(+,:/2,9(3(*//(;;0:.(9/;,3(5.(
5(1/(92/(5++,3/0(::(4
9(1(:;/(5
(5+/9(79(+,:/+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(4(+/@(79(+,://(9@
(5(7<51()2(95(;(2()0/(96+0:/( 219
:02204
5(.(3(5+40A69(44(507<9(9<5(*/(379(+,:/7<+<*/,99@4,./(
3(@((5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30*/(5+0.(9/+(
4(5+0<
;(4035(+<
<;;(979(+,:/.<1(9(;>,:;),5.(32(95(;(2(9(1(:;/(5(5+/9(
79(+,:/+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(4(+/@(79(+,:/
;,3(5.(5(
2,9(3(+,3/0(5+/9(79(+,:/4(+/@(79(+,://(9@(5(9(1(:;/(57<5
1())0/(96+0:/(*//(;;0:.(9/
;907<9(
*/(5+0.(9/4,./(3(@(7<+<*/,99@(9<5(*/(379(+,:/4(507<95(.(
3(5+:0220440A69(4.6((5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:
<;;(9(2/(5+
(::(41/(92/(5+1(44<2(:/409/04(*/(379(+,:/*//(;;0:.(9/
.6(;907<9(*/(5+0.(9/4,./(3(@(7<+<*/,99@
<;;(979(+,:/
.<1(9(;;(4035(+<2(95(;(2(>,:;),5.(39(1(:;/(5(5+/9(
79(+,:/+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(4(+/@(79(+,:/
>,:;),5.(3
;(4035(+<<;;(979(+,:/.<1(9(;2(95(;(2(9(1(:;/(5(5+/9(
79(+,:/+,3/0;,3(5.(5(2,9(3(4(/(9(:/;9(
(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30+(4(5+0<3(2:/(+>,,740A69(4:022045(.(
3(5+4(507<9(9<5(*/(379(+,:/7<+<*/,99@4,./(3(@(
*/(5+0.(9/
4,./(3(@(;907<9(7<+<*/,99@(9<5(*/(379(+,:/4(507<95(.(
3(5+:0220440A69(4(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:.6(
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30
+(4(5+0<(5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:3(2:/(+>,,740A69(4:02
2045(.(3(5+4(507<9(9<5(*/(379(+,:/7<+<*/,99@4,./(3(@(
+(4(5+0<
+(+9(5(.(9/(=,303(2:/(+>,,7(5+(4(550*6
)(90:3(5+:40A69(4:022045(.(3(5+4(507<9(9<5(*/(3
79(+,:/7<+<*/,99@4,./(3(@(
3(2:/(+>,,7
+(4(5+0<+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30(5+(4(550*6
)(90:3(5+:40A69(4:022045(.(3(5+4(507<9(9<5(*/(3
79(+,:/7<+<*/,99@4,./(3(@(
7<+<*/,99@
4,./(3(@((9<5(*/(379(+,:/4(507<9*/(5+0.(9/5(.(3(5+:02
20440A69(4;907<9((5+(4(550*6)(90:3(5+:+(+9(5(.(9/(=,30 220
55???tRJ??o(?N??????@
ANDHRA PRADESH
PillarsIndicators
/\THU*HWP[HS7LYJLU[HNLVMZJOVVSZ^P[O0*;SHIZ
5\TILYVMZ[\KLU[ZPULUNPULLYPUNHUK[LJOUVSVN`
H[<.7.+PWSVTHSL]LS

,UYVSTLU[PU7O+
/PNOLYLK\JH[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUZ^P[O5((*NYHKL(HUKHIV]L
7\WPS;LHJOLY9H[PV/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU18
7LYJLU[HNLVMJVSSLNLZJVUULJ[LK[OYV\NO54,0*;
Investment=LU[\YLJHWP[HSKLHSZ0
:[H[LNV]LYUTLU[L_WLUKP[\YLVUOPNOLYHUK[LJOUPJHSLK\JH[PVU
,_WLUKP[\YLVU:JPLUJL;LJOUVSVN`HUK,U]PYVUTLU[
-+0PU?V^Z
2UV^SLKNL>VYRLYZ7YP]H[L9+\UP[ZPUZ[H[L
2UV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LLTWSV`TLU[
5\TILYVM5.6ZPU]VS]LKPURUV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LHYLHZ
5\TILYVM9+0UZ[P[\[PVUZM\UKLKI`:[H[LZ<;Z
)\ZPULZZ,U]PYVUTLU[;V[HSU\TILYVMVUSPULZLY]PJLZ[YHUZHJ[PVU
,HZLVM+VPUN)\ZPULZZ0TWSLTLU[H[PVU7LYJLU[HNL
5\TILYVMPUJ\IH[VYJLU[LYZPUZ[H[L,
5\TILYVMPUK\Z[YPHSJS\Z[LYZ
0U[LYUL[Z\IZJYPILYZPU[OLZ[H[L
5\TILYVM*VTTVU-HJPSP[`*LU[YLZ
:HML[`3LNHS,U]PYVUTLU[
0UMVYTH[PVU;LJOUVSVN`0U[LSSLJ[\HS7YVWLY[`YLSH[LK(J[Z
9H[LVMVHLUJLZ

5\TILYVMJ`ILYJLSSZHUKZVJPHSTLKPHTVUP[VYPUNJLSSSZ
7LUKLUJ`VMJV\Y[JHZLZ
2UV^SLKNL6\[W\[5\TILYVMNYHZZYVV[PUUV]H[PVUZPUZ[H[L
7H[LU[Z?SLKMYVTZ[H[L
0UK\Z[YPHSKLZPNUZI`VYPNPU
;YHKLTHYRHWWSPJH[PVU?SLK
5\TILYVMW\ISPJH[PVUZI`Z[H[L\UP]LYZP[PLZ
5\TILYVMZ[HY[\WZPU[OLZ[H[L
2UV^SLKNL+PH\ZPVU0*;L_WVY[Z
/PNOHUKTLKP\TOPNO[LJOTHU\MHJ[\YPUNLU[P[PLZ
5\TILYVMYLNPZ[LYLK.018
5\TILYVMJP[H[PVUZ
-VYKL[HPSLKKL?UP[PVUVM[OLPUKPJH[VYZYLMLY[V(WWLUKP_( 221
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
PillarsIndicators
/\THU*HWP[HS7LYJLU[HNLVMZJOVVSZ^P[O0*;SHIZ
5\TILYVMZ[\KLU[ZPULUNPULLYPUNHUK[LJOUVSVN`H[<.7.+PWSVTHSL]LS
,UYVSTLU[PU7O+
/PNOLYLK\JH[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUZ^P[O5((*NYHKL(HUKHIV]L
7\WPS;LHJOLY9H[PV/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU29
7LYJLU[HNLVMJVSSLNLZJVUULJ[LK[OYV\NO54,0*;0
Investment=LU[\YLJHWP[HSKLHSZ0
:[H[LNV]LYUTLU[L_WLUKP[\YLVUOPNOLYHUK[LJOUPJHSLK\JH[PVU
,_WLUKP[\YLVU:JPLUJL;LJOUVSVN`HUK,U]PYVUTLU[
-+0PU?V^Z
2UV^SLKNL>VYRLYZ7YP]H[L9+\UP[ZPUZ[H[L0
2UV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LLTWSV`TLU[5(
5\TILYVM5.6ZPU]VS]LKPURUV^SLKNLPU[LUZP]LHYLHZ
5\TILYVM9+0UZ[P[\[PVUZM\UKLKI`:[H[LZ<;Z0
)\ZPULZZ,U]PYVUTLU[;V[HSU\TILYVMVUSPULZLY]PJLZ[YHUZHJ[PVU
,HZLVM+VPUN)\ZPULZZ0TWSLTLU[H[PVU7LYJLU[HNL
5\TILYVMPUJ\IH[VYJLU[YLZPUZ[H[L0
5\TILYVMPUK\Z[YPHSJS\Z[LYZ0
0U[LYUL[Z\IZJYPILYZPU[OLZ[H[L
5\TILYVM*VTTVU-HJPSP[`*LU[YLZ 0
:HML[`3LNHS,U]PYVUTLU[0UMVYTH[PVU;LJOUVSVN`0U[LSSLJ[\HS7YVWLY[`YLSH[LK(J[Z9H[LVMVHLUJLZ
5\TILYVMJ`ILYJLSSZHUKZVJPHSTLKPHTVUP[VYPUNJLSSZ
7LUKLUJ`VMJV\Y[JHZLZ5(
2UV^SLKNL6\[W\[5\TILYVMNYHZZYVV[PUUV]H[PVUZPUZ[H[L
7H[LU[Z?SLKMYVTZ[H[L
0UK\Z[YPHSKLZPNUZI`VYPNPU0
;YHKLTHYRHWWSPJH[PVU?SLK
5\TILYVMW\ISPJH[PVUZI`Z[H[L\UP]LYZP[PLZ0
5\TILYVMZ[HY[\WZPU[OLZ[H[L
2UV^SLKNL+PH\ZPVU0*;L_WVY[Z0
/PNOHUKTLKP\TOPNO[LJOTHU\MHJ[\YPUNLU[P[PLZ0
5\TILYVMYLNPZ[LYLK.01
5\TILYVMJP[H[PVUZ0
-VYKL[HPSLKKL?UP[PVUVM[OLPUKPJH[VYZYLMLY[V(WWLUKP_( 222
ASSAM
PillarsIndicators
/\THU*HWP[HS7LYJLU[HNLVMZJOVVSZ^P[O0*;SHIZ
5\TILYVMZ[\KLU[ZPULUNPULLYPUNHUK[LJOUVSVN`H[<.7.+PWSVTHSL]LS
,UYVSTLU[PU7O+
/PNOLYLK\JH[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUZ^P[O5((*NYHKL(HUKHIV]L
7\WPS;LHJOLY9H[PV/PNOLY,K\JH[PVU29
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Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(4), 433-459
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Cary: SAS Institute. Institute for Competitiveness, India is the Indian knot in the global network of the Institute for Strategy and Competi-
tiveness at Harvard Business School. Institute for Competitiveness, India is an international initiative centered in India,
dedicated to enlarging and purposeful disseminating of the body of research and knowledge on competition and strat-
egy, as pioneered over the last 25 years by Professor Michael Porter of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at
Harvard Business School. Institute for Competitiveness, India conducts & supports indigenous research; offers academic
& executive courses; provides advisory services to the Corporate & the Governments and organises events. The institute
studies competition and its implications for company strategy; the competitiveness of nations, regions & cities and thus
generate guidelines for businesses and those in governance; and suggests & provides solutions for socio-economic
problems.
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U 24 / 8, U-24 Road, U Block, DLF Phase 3, Sector 24, Gurugram, Haryana 122022
info@competitiveness.in | www.competitiveness.in
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to the development of
India, partnering industry, Government, and civil society, through advisory and consultative processes.
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India's development process. Founded in 1895, India's premier business association has around 9000 members, from
the private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 300,000 enterprises
from around 265 national and regional sectoral industry bodies.
CII charts change by working closely with Government on policy issues, interfacing with thought leaders, and enhancing
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global linkages. It also provides a platform for consensus-building and networking on key issues.
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